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class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January–March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>April–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>July–September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1864</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 179 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-179" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">179 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1864 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1864 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1864 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1864 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B6%DB%B4_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۶۴ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۶۴ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AA" title="১৮৬৪ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৬৪" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_n%C3%AE" title="1864 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1864 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1864 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1864 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864." title="1864. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1864." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1864 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1864 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B6%DB%B4_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۶۴ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۶۴ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1864 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1864 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864%E5%B9%B4" title="1864年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1864年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864%EB%85%84" title="1864년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1864년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA" title="१८६४ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८६४" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864." title="1864. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1864." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AA" title="মারি ১৮৬৪ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮৬৪" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1864-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1864-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%AC%E0%B3%AA" title="೧೮೬೪ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೬೪" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1864 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1864 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1864 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1864 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1864-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1864-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1864 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1864 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D0%B8" title="1864 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1864 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864._gads" title="1864. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1864. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1864 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1864 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_m." title="1864 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1864 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA" title="१८६४ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८६४" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA" title="इ.स. १८६४ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८६४" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B6%DB%B4" title="۱۸۶۴ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۶۴" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1864 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1864 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1864 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1864 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%86%E1%81%84" title="၁၈၆၄ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၆၄" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA" title="ई सं १८६४ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८६४" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864%E5%B9%B4" title="1864年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1864年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1864 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1864 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%AC%E0%AD%AA" title="୧୮୬୪ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୬୪" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA" title="१८६४ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८६४" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1864 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1864 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA" title="१८६४ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८६४" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864%D8%B9" title="1864ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1864ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A6%D9%A4" title="١٨٦٤ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٦٤" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864." title="1864. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1864." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1864 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1864 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2407" title="พ.ศ. 2407 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2407" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1864" title="Соли 1864 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1864" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1864 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1864 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864%D8%A1" title="1864ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1864ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1864 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1864 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_nienz" title="1864 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1864 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864%E5%B9%B4" title="1864年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1864年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864%E5%B9%B4" title="1864年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1864年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864%E5%B9%B4" title="1864年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1864年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864" title="1864 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1864" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7704#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the television series, see <a href="/wiki/1864_(TV_series)" title="1864 (TV series)">1864 (TV series)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1860s" title="1860s">1860s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880s" title="1880s">1880s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1861" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1861">1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1862" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1862">1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1863" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1863">1863</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1864" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1864">1864</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1865" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1865">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1866">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1867" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1867">1867</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1864" title="Category:1864">1864 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_animation" title="1864 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_archaeology" title="1864 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_architecture" title="1864 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_art" title="1864 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_literature" title="1864 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_poetry" title="1864 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_music" title="1864 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_Australia" title="1864 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_Belgium" title="1864 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_Brazil" title="1864 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_Canada" title="1864 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_China" title="1864 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_Denmark" title="1864 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_France" title="1864 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_Germany" title="1864 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_Mexico" title="1864 in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_New_Zealand" title="1864 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_Norway" title="1864 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_Portugal" title="1864 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_Russia" title="1864 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_South_Africa" title="1864 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_Sweden" title="1864 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1864 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_the_United_States" title="1864 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_rail_transport" title="1864 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_science" title="1864 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_sports" title="1864 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1864" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1864">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1864_in_law" title="Category:1864 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1864_births" title="Category:1864 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1864_deaths" title="Category:1864 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1864_establishments" title="Category:1864 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1864_disestablishments" title="Category:1864 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1864_works" title="Category:1864 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1864 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1864<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCLXIV</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2617</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1313<br />ԹՎ ՌՅԺԳ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6614</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>20–21</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1785–1786</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1270–1271</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2814</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>27 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a> – 28 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2408</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1226</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7372–7373</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">癸亥</a>年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />4561 or 4354<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />甲子年 (Wood <a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />4562 or 4355</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1580–1581</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3030</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1856–1857</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5624–5625</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1920–1921</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1785–1786</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4964–4965</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11864</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>864–865</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1242–1243</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1280–1281</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bunky%C5%AB" title="Bunkyū">Bunkyū</a> 4 / <a href="/wiki/Genji_(era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genji (era)">Genji</a> 1<br />(元治元年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1792–1793</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4197</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>48 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前48年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>396</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2406–2407</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴水猪年<br />(female Water-<a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />1990 or 1609 or 837<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳木鼠年<br />(male Wood-<a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />1991 or 1610 or 838</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1864" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1864">1864</a></span>.</div></div> </div><p><b>1864</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCLXIV</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Friday" title="Leap year starting on Friday">leap year starting on Friday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Leap year starting on Wednesday">leap year starting on Wednesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1864th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 864th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 64th year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 5th year of the <a href="/wiki/1860s" title="1860s">1860s</a> decade. As of the start of 1864, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Css_hunley_on_pier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Css_hunley_on_pier.jpg/200px-Css_hunley_on_pier.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Css_hunley_on_pier.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="145" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a>: Submarine <i><a href="/wiki/H._L._Hunley_(submarine)" class="mw-redirect" title="H. L. Hunley (submarine)">H. L. Hunley</a></i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – American songwriter <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Stephen Foster</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Oh!_Susanna" title="Oh! Susanna">Oh! Susanna</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Old_Folks_at_Home" title="Old Folks at Home">Old Folks at Home</a>") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song "<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Dreamer" title="Beautiful Dreamer">Beautiful Dreamer</a>" is published in March.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> rejects an Austrian-Prussian ultimatum to repeal the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Constitution">Danish Constitution</a>, which says that <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> is part of Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Tauranga_campaign" title="Tauranga campaign">Tauranga campaign</a> begins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Wisden" title="John Wisden">John Wisden</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/Wisden_Cricketers%27_Almanack" title="Wisden Cricketers' Almanack">The Cricketer's Almanack for the year 1864</a></i> in England; it will go on to become the major annual <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> reference publication.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – Danish-Prussian War (<a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a>): 57,000 Austrian and Prussian troops cross the <a href="/wiki/Eider_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Eider River">Eider River</a> into Denmark.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heineken_N.V." title="Heineken N.V.">Heineken</a> Brewery is founded in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: The tiny <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> hand-propelled <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/H._L._Hunley_(submarine)" class="mw-redirect" title="H. L. Hunley (submarine)">H. L. Hunley</a></i> sinks the <a href="/wiki/USS_Housatonic_(1861)" title="USS Housatonic (1861)">USS <i>Housatonic</i> (1861)</a>, using a <a href="/wiki/Spar_torpedo" title="Spar torpedo">spar torpedo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charleston_Harbor" title="Charleston Harbor">Charleston Harbor</a>, becoming the first submarine to sink an enemy ship, although the submarine and her crew of eight are also lost.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – American Civil War: The <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> suffers one of its <a href="/wiki/List_of_costliest_American_Civil_War_land_battles" title="List of costliest American Civil War land battles">costliest defeats</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Olustee" title="Battle of Olustee">Battle of Olustee</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lake_City,_Florida" title="Lake City, Florida">Lake City, Florida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – American Civil War: The first Northern prisoners arrive at the Confederate prison at <a href="/wiki/Andersonville,_Georgia" title="Andersonville, Georgia">Andersonville, Georgia</a> (the 500 prisoners had left Richmond, Virginia, seven days before).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mon_y_Men%C3%A9ndez" title="Alejandro Mon y Menéndez">Alejandro Mon y Menéndez</a> takes office as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> appoints <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> commander in chief of all <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union armies</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – American Civil War: The <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Red River Campaign">Red River Campaign</a> begins, as Union troops reach <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Louisiana" title="Alexandria, Louisiana">Alexandria, Louisiana</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Great_Sheffield_Flood" title="Great Sheffield Flood">Great Sheffield Flood</a>: A reservoir near <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, England, bursts; 250 die.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – Rossini's <i><a href="/wiki/Petite_messe_solennelle" title="Petite messe solennelle">Petite messe solennelle</a></i> is first performed, by twelve singers, two pianists and a <a href="/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ">harmonium</a> player in a mansion in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gallaudet_University" title="Gallaudet University">Gallaudet University</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, as the first university for the deaf and hard of hearing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Pillow" title="Battle of Fort Pillow">Battle of Fort Pillow</a> – Confederate forces kill most of the <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> soldiers who surrender at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pillow,_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Pillow, Tennessee">Fort Pillow, Tennessee</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Choe_Je-u" title="Choe Je-u">Choe Je-u</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Donghak" title="Donghak">Donghak</a> Movement, is executed by beheading for sedition, at <a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</a>, Korea.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – Danish-Prussian War (<a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dybb%C3%B8l" title="Battle of Dybbøl">Battle of Dybbøl</a>: The Prussian army, fielding 10,000 men, defeats the Danish defending army of 9,200 at Dybbøl Mill, after an artillery bombardment from <a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a>–<a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">18</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a>: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> passes the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1864" title="Coinage Act of 1864">Coinage Act of 1864</a>, which makes privately issued <a href="/wiki/Civil_War_token" title="Civil War token">Civil War tokens</a> illegal. An additional law is passed on June 8 to include all private coinage.</li> <li>The phrase "<a href="/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">In God We Trust</a>" appears for the first time on the newly created <a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-cent piece (United States coin)">two-cent piece</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – Under terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1864)" title="Treaty of London (1864)">Treaty of London</a>, the United Kingdom voluntarily cedes control of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">United States of the Ionian Islands</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a>, a major financial group in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, is founded.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – American Civil War: The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wilderness" title="Battle of the Wilderness">Battle of the Wilderness</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Spotsylvania County, Virginia">Spotsylvania County, Virginia</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SV_City_Adelaide_Dutton_Lithograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/SV_City_Adelaide_Dutton_Lithograph.jpg/200px-SV_City_Adelaide_Dutton_Lithograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/SV_City_Adelaide_Dutton_Lithograph.jpg/300px-SV_City_Adelaide_Dutton_Lithograph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/SV_City_Adelaide_Dutton_Lithograph.jpg/400px-SV_City_Adelaide_Dutton_Lithograph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption>Clipper ship <i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Adelaide_(1864)" title="City of Adelaide (1864)">City of Adelaide</a></i> in 1864</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> <ul><li>American Civil War: The <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Potomac" title="Army of the Potomac">Army of the Potomac</a>, under General <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, breaks off from the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wilderness" title="Battle of the Wilderness">Battle of the Wilderness</a> and moves southwards.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Clipper" title="Clipper">clipper</a> ship <i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Adelaide_(1864)" title="City of Adelaide (1864)">City of Adelaide</a></i> is launched in <a href="/wiki/Sunderland,_Tyne_and_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunderland, Tyne and Wear">Sunderland</a>, England. By the 21st century, she will be the world's oldest surviving clipper of only two (<i><a href="/wiki/Cutty_Sark" title="Cutty Sark">Cutty Sark</a></i> being the other).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">21</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House" title="Battle of Spotsylvania Court House">Battle of Spotsylvania Court House</a> (The <i>Bloody Angle</i>) – Some 4,000 troops on both sides die in an inconclusive engagement.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> <ul><li>Danish-Prussian War (<a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a>): <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heligoland_(1864)" title="Battle of Heligoland (1864)">Battle of Heligoland</a> – The Danish navy gains a tactical victory over those of Austria and Prussia, near the island of Heligoland. It is the last significant naval battle fought by squadrons of wooden ships, and also the last involving Denmark.</li> <li>American general <a href="/wiki/John_Sedgwick" title="John Sedgwick">John Sedgwick</a> is shot dead during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House" title="Battle of Spotsylvania Court House">Battle of Spotsylvania Court House</a>, shortly after uttering the famous <a href="/wiki/Last_words" title="Last words">last words</a>: <i>"They couldn't hit an elephant from this distance!"</i></li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Helgoland_1864.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Battle_of_Helgoland_1864.PNG/200px-Battle_of_Helgoland_1864.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Battle_of_Helgoland_1864.PNG/300px-Battle_of_Helgoland_1864.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Battle_of_Helgoland_1864.PNG/400px-Battle_of_Helgoland_1864.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heligoland_(1864)" title="Battle of Heligoland (1864)">Battle of Heligoland</a> in 1864 by Josef Carl Barthold Puettner</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yellow_Tavern" title="Battle of Yellow Tavern">Battle of Yellow Tavern</a> – Confederate General <a href="/wiki/J._E._B._Stuart" title="J. E. B. Stuart">J. E. B. Stuart</a> is mortally wounded at Yellow Tavern, Virginia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Resaca" title="Battle of Resaca">Battle of Resaca</a> – The battle begins with Union General <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">Sherman</a> fighting toward <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Market" title="Battle of New Market">Battle of New Market</a> – Cadets from the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Military_Institute" title="Virginia Military Institute">Virginia Military Institute</a> fight alongside the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> Army, forcing <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> General <a href="/wiki/Franz_Sigel" title="Franz Sigel">Franz Sigel</a> out of the <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Civil_War_gold_hoax" title="Civil War gold hoax">Civil War gold hoax</a>: The <i>New York World</i> and the <i>New York Journal of Commerce</i> publish a fake proclamation that President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> has issued a draft of 400,000 more soldiers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> <ul><li>American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ware_Bottom_Church" title="Battle of Ware Bottom Church">Battle of Ware Bottom Church</a> – In the Virginia <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Hundred_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Hundred Campaign">Bermuda Hundred Campaign</a>, 10,000 troops fight in this Confederate victory.</li> <li>Australian bushranger <a href="/wiki/Ben_Hall_(bushranger)" title="Ben Hall (bushranger)">Ben Hall</a> and his gang escape from a shootout with police, after attempting to rob the Bang Bang Hotel in <a href="/wiki/Koorawatha,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Koorawatha, New South Wales">Koorawatha, New South Wales</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – The Russian Empire begins the <a href="/wiki/Circassian_genocide" title="Circassian genocide">Circassian genocide</a>. More than 1.5 million Circassians are driven from their homeland to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, ending the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Circassian_War" title="Russo-Circassian War">Russo-Circassian War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana Territory</a> is organized out of parts of Washington Territory and Dakota Territory.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Resaca_1864_c1889.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Battle_of_Resaca_1864_c1889.jpg/250px-Battle_of_Resaca_1864_c1889.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Battle_of_Resaca_1864_c1889.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Resaca_1864_c1889.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Battle_of_Resaca_1864_c1889.jpg/500px-Battle_of_Resaca_1864_c1889.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Resaca" title="Battle of Resaca">Battle of Resaca</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June" title="June">June</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Sanitary_Commission" title="United States Sanitary Commission">United States Sanitary Commission</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_Fair" title="Sanitary Fair">Sanitary Fair</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> takes place.<sup id="cite_ref-WDL_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Piedmont" title="Battle of Piedmont">Battle of Piedmont</a> – Union forces under General <a href="/wiki/David_Hunter" title="David Hunter">David Hunter</a> defeat a Confederate army at <a href="/wiki/Piedmont,_West_Virginia" title="Piedmont, West Virginia">Piedmont, West Virginia</a>, taking nearly 1,000 prisoners.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Petersburg" title="First Battle of Petersburg">First Battle of Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – American Civil War: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Noonday_Creek" title="Battle of Noonday Creek">Battle of Noonday Creek</a> – Confederate troops defeat Union forces, near <a href="/wiki/Kennesaw,_Georgia" title="Kennesaw, Georgia">Kennesaw, Georgia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brice%27s_Crossroads" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Brice's Crossroads">Battle of Brice's Crossroads</a> – Confederate troops under <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Bedford_Forrest" title="Nathan Bedford Forrest">Nathan Bedford Forrest</a> defeat a much larger Union force, led by General <a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._Sturgis" title="Samuel D. Sturgis">Samuel D. Sturgis</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor" title="Battle of Cold Harbor">Battle of Cold Harbor</a> – General Ulysses S. Grant pulls his troops from their positions at Cold Harbor, Virginia, and moves south.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> is established in the United States, when 200 acres (0.81 km<sup>2</sup>) of the grounds of Robert E. Lee's home (<a href="/wiki/Arlington_House,_The_Robert_E._Lee_Memorial" title="Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial">Arlington House</a>) are officially set aside as a military <a href="/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery">cemetery</a>, by U.S. Secretary of War <a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._Stanton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. Stanton">Edwin M. Stanton</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Decree_of_Extended_Freedom_of_Trade_(Sweden)" title="Decree of Extended Freedom of Trade (Sweden)">Decree of Extended Freedom of Trade</a> introduces complete freedom of trade in Sweden.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a> ends in the defeat of Polish forces.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cherbourg_(1864)" title="Battle of Cherbourg (1864)">Battle of Cherbourg</a> – <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Navy" title="Confederate States Navy">Confederate States Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/CSS_Alabama" title="CSS Alabama">CSS <i>Alabama</i></a> is sunk in a <a href="/wiki/Single-ship_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-ship action">single-ship action</a> with <a href="/wiki/USS_Kearsarge_(1861)" title="USS Kearsarge (1861)">USS <i>Kearsarge</i></a>, in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherbourg peninsula">Cherbourg peninsula</a>, France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Tauranga_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauranga Campaign">Tauranga Campaign</a> ends.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kennesaw_Mountain" title="Battle of Kennesaw Mountain">Battle of Kennesaw Mountain</a> – Confederate troops defeat Union forces near <a href="/wiki/Kennesaw,_Georgia" title="Kennesaw, Georgia">Kennesaw, Georgia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> <ul><li>Second Schleswig War: The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Als" title="Battle of Als">Battle of Als</a> is won by the Prussians under General <a href="/wiki/Karl_Eberhard_Herwarth_von_Bittenfeld" title="Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld">Herwarth von Bittenfeld</a>, who occupy the island of <a href="/wiki/Als_(island)" title="Als (island)">Als</a> after crossing the Alssund, between the village of Sottrupskov and the <a href="/wiki/Sandbjerg_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandbjerg Estate">Sandbjerg Estate</a>, by night. Of 9,000 Danish troops stationed there, a third are killed, wounded or captured.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St-Hilaire_train_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="St-Hilaire train disaster">St-Hilaire train disaster</a>, a passenger train operated by <a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Railway" title="Grand Trunk Railway">Grand Trunk Railway</a> and travelling from <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a> to <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> is derailed at a swung open bridge after a signal passed at danger. The train also collapses onto a ship, sinking both ship and train. 99 people are killed and 100 injured making this the deadliest train accident in Canada's history.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Atanasescu" title="Dimitri Atanasescu">Dimitri Atanasescu</a> founds the first Romanian school in the Balkans for <a href="/wiki/Aromanians" title="Aromanians">Aromanians</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trnovo,_Bitola" title="Trnovo, Bitola">Trnovo</a>, in the Ottoman Empire (modern-day <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the early 20th century, the number of these schools will have risen to 106.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bucharest" title="University of Bucharest">University of Bucharest</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">Romania</a> is founded.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_American_Civil_War_in_1864.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Map_of_American_Civil_War_in_1864.svg/200px-Map_of_American_Civil_War_in_1864.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Map_of_American_Civil_War_in_1864.svg/300px-Map_of_American_Civil_War_in_1864.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Map_of_American_Civil_War_in_1864.svg/400px-Map_of_American_Civil_War_in_1864.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3965" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>American Civil War in 1864</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – President Lincoln issues a true proclamation of conscription of 500,000 men, for the U.S. Civil War.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Nanking" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Battle of Nanking">Third Battle of Nanking</a> climaxes, when the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Heavenly_Kingdom" title="Taiping Heavenly Kingdom">Taiping Heavenly Kingdom</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Nanking" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanking">Nanking</a> falls to an assault by Imperial <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> forces, in the last major action of the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a> in China. There are probably more than a million troops in the battle, and the Taiping army sustains at least 100,000 dead.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peachtree_Creek" title="Battle of Peachtree Creek">Battle of Peachtree Creek</a> – Near <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, Confederate forces led by General <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Hood" title="John Bell Hood">John Bell Hood</a> unsuccessfully attack Union troops under General <a href="/wiki/William_T._Sherman" class="mw-redirect" title="William T. Sherman">William T. Sherman</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Atlanta" title="Battle of Atlanta">Battle of Atlanta</a> – Outside of Atlanta, Confederate General Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General Sherman, on Bald Hill.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kernstown" title="Second Battle of Kernstown">Second Battle of Kernstown</a> – Confederate General <a href="/wiki/Jubal_Early" title="Jubal Early">Jubal Early</a> defeats Union troops led by General <a href="/wiki/George_Crook" title="George Crook">George Crook</a> in an effort to keep the Yankees out of the Shenandoah Valley.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ezra_Church" title="Battle of Ezra Church">Battle of Ezra Church</a> – Confederate troops, led by General Hood, make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces under General Sherman from Atlanta.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – American Civil War: Confederate spy <a href="/wiki/Belle_Boyd" title="Belle Boyd">Belle Boyd</a> is arrested by Union troops, and detained at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Capitol_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Capitol Prison">Old Capitol Prison</a> in Washington, D.C.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Crater" title="Battle of the Crater">Battle of the Crater</a> – Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines, by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bataille_de_la_baie_de_Mobile_par_Louis_Prang_(1824-1909).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bataille_de_la_baie_de_Mobile_par_Louis_Prang_%281824-1909%29.jpg/200px-Bataille_de_la_baie_de_Mobile_par_Louis_Prang_%281824-1909%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bataille_de_la_baie_de_Mobile_par_Louis_Prang_%281824-1909%29.jpg/300px-Bataille_de_la_baie_de_Mobile_par_Louis_Prang_%281824-1909%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bataille_de_la_baie_de_Mobile_par_Louis_Prang_%281824-1909%29.jpg/400px-Bataille_de_la_baie_de_Mobile_par_Louis_Prang_%281824-1909%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2712" data-file-height="1897" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mobile_Bay" title="Battle of Mobile Bay">Battle of Mobile Bay</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Elgin_Watch_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Elgin Watch Company">Elgin Watch Company</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Illinois" title="Elgin, Illinois">Elgin, Illinois</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mobile_Bay" title="Battle of Mobile Bay">Battle of Mobile Bay</a> – At <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Bay" title="Mobile Bay">Mobile Bay</a> near <a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile, Alabama</a>, Admiral <a href="/wiki/David_Farragut" title="David Farragut">David Farragut</a> leads a Union flotilla through Confederate defenses, and seals one of the last major Southern ports.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – An undeclared <a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_War" title="Uruguayan War">Uruguayan War</a> begins, when <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> refuses an ultimatum from the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">fish and chips</a> shop perhaps opens in London.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Globe_Tavern" title="Battle of Globe Tavern">Battle of Globe Tavern</a> – Forces under Union General <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> try to cut a vital <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> supply-line into <a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg, Virginia</a>, by attacking the <a href="/wiki/Wilmington_and_Weldon_Railroad" title="Wilmington and Weldon Railroad">Wilmington and Weldon Railroad</a>, forcing the Confederates to use wagons.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/First_Geneva_Convention" title="First Geneva Convention">First Geneva Convention</a>, for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field, is signed in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> by 12 European states, under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee for Relief to the Wounded</a> (predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement</a>).</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg/250px-Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg/330px-Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg/500px-Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a>: Signing of the <a href="/wiki/First_Geneva_Convention" title="First Geneva Convention">First Geneva Convention</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – American Civil War: Union forces, led by General <a href="/wiki/William_T._Sherman" class="mw-redirect" title="William T. Sherman">William T. Sherman</a>, launch an assault on <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> <ul><li>American Civil War: Confederate General Hood evacuates Atlanta, after a 4-month siege mounted by Union General Sherman.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottetown_Conference" title="Charlottetown Conference">Charlottetown Conference</a>: Delegates from the Canadian colonies meet, to discuss <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – American Civil War: Union forces under General Sherman enter Atlanta, a day after the Confederate defenders fled the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Shimonoseki" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardment of Shimonoseki">Bombardment of Shimonoseki</a>: An American, British, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> and French alliance engages the powerful feudal Japanese warlord or <i><a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyō">daimyō</a></i> Lord <a href="/wiki/M%C5%8Dri_Takachika" title="Mōri Takachika">Mōri Takachika</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB_Domain" title="Chōshū Domain">Chōshū</a> clan, based in <a href="/wiki/Shimonoseki" title="Shimonoseki">Shimonoseki</a>, Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – American Civil War: Atlanta is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> establishes the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Gozo" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Gozo">Diocese of Gozo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – American Civil War: The <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Cabin_Creek" title="Second Battle of Cabin Creek">Second Battle of Cabin Creek</a> is fought in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a> is founded in London.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – A calamity is narrowly averted in London at the <a href="/wiki/Embanking_of_the_tidal_Thames#The_Erith_explosion" title="Embanking of the tidal Thames">Erith explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Saltville" title="First Battle of Saltville">First Battle of Saltville</a> – Union forces attack <a href="/wiki/Saltville,_Virginia" title="Saltville, Virginia">Saltville, Virginia</a>, but are defeated by Confederate troops.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclone</a> kills 70,000 in <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, India.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tom%27s_Brook" title="Battle of Tom's Brook">Battle of Tom's Brook</a> – Union cavalrymen in the Shenandoah Valley defeat Confederate forces at <a href="/wiki/Tom%27s_Brook,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom's Brook, Virginia">Tom's Brook, Virginia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Conference,_1864" title="Quebec Conference, 1864">Quebec Conference</a> begins, to discuss plans for the creation of a Dominion of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-CBH_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBH-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_War" title="Uruguayan War">Uruguayan War</a>: Forces of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a> invade <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, in support of <a href="/wiki/Venancio_Flores" title="Venancio Flores">Venancio Flores</a>' <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Party_(Uruguay)" title="Colorado Party (Uruguay)">Colorado Party</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: Second Battle of Fair Oaks – Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant withdraw from <a href="/wiki/Fair_Oaks,_Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Fair Oaks, Henrico County, Virginia">Fair Oaks, Virginia</a>, after failing to breach the Confederate defenses around <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a> is concluded. Denmark renounces all claim to <a href="/wiki/Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig">Schleswig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holstein" title="Holstein">Holstein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lauenburg" title="Lauenburg">Lauenburg</a>, which come under <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> and Austrian administration.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena, Montana</a>, is founded, after four <a href="/wiki/Prospecting" title="Prospecting">prospectors</a> (the so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Four_Georgians" title="Four Georgians">Four Georgians</a></i>) discover <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> at <i>Last Chance Gulch</i>; it is their last and agreed final attempt for weeks, of trying to find gold in the northern Rockies.</li> <li>An annular solar eclipse occurs, the 42nd solar eclipse of <a href="/wiki/Solar_Saros_131" title="Solar Saros 131">Solar Saros 131</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> is admitted as the 36th <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Johnsonville" title="Battle of Johnsonville">Battle of Johnsonville</a> – At Johnsonville, Tennessee, troops under the command of Confederate General <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Bedford_Forrest" title="Nathan Bedford Forrest">Nathan Bedford Forrest</a> bombard a Union supply base with artillery, and destroy millions of dollars worth of material.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – The capital of <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho Territory</a> is moved from <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston</a> to <a href="/wiki/Boise" class="mw-redirect" title="Boise">Boise</a>; <a href="/wiki/North_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="North Idaho">North Idaho</a> declares the move illegal, and proposes <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864 United States presidential election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> is reelected, in an overwhelming victory over <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – Hostilities in the <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a> open, with the Paraguayan ship <i>Tacuarí</i> capturing the Brazilian <i>Marquês de Olinda</i>, in the <a href="/wiki/Paraguay_River" title="Paraguay River">Paraguay River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">Sherman's March to the Sea</a> begins: Union General Sherman burns Atlanta and starts to move south, living off the land, and causing extensive devastation to crops and mills.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Judicial_reform_of_Alexander_II" title="Judicial reform of Alexander II">judicial reform of Alexander II</a> is launched in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">Sherman's March to the Sea</a> – Confederate General John Bell Hood invades <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, in an unsuccessful attempt to draw Union General Sherman from Georgia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: A group of Confederate operatives, calling themselves the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Army_of_Manhattan" title="Confederate Army of Manhattan">Confederate Army of Manhattan</a>, starts fires in more than 20 locations, in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sand_Creek_massacre" title="Sand Creek massacre">Sand Creek massacre</a> – <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> volunteers, led by Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_Chivington" title="John Chivington">John Chivington</a>, massacre at least 400 <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arapaho" title="Arapaho">Arapaho</a> noncombatants at Sand Creek, Colorado (where they had been given permission to camp); many of the dead are subsequently mutilated.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F.O.C._Darley_and_Alexander_Hay_Ritchie_-_Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/F.O.C._Darley_and_Alexander_Hay_Ritchie_-_Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea.jpg/250px-F.O.C._Darley_and_Alexander_Hay_Ritchie_-_Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/F.O.C._Darley_and_Alexander_Hay_Ritchie_-_Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea.jpg/330px-F.O.C._Darley_and_Alexander_Hay_Ritchie_-_Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/F.O.C._Darley_and_Alexander_Hay_Ritchie_-_Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea.jpg/500px-F.O.C._Darley_and_Alexander_Hay_Ritchie_-_Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10417" data-file-height="6837" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">Nov.15</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">Sherman's March to the Sea</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Franklin" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Franklin">Second Battle of Franklin</a> – The Confederate <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Tennessee" title="Army of Tennessee">Army of Tennessee</a>, led by General Hood, mounts a dramatically unsuccessful frontal assault on Union positions around <a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Tennessee" title="Franklin, Tennessee">Franklin, Tennessee</a> (Hood loses 6 generals and almost a third of his troops).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Brisbane" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Fire of Brisbane">Great Fire of Brisbane</a> breaks out in Australia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">Sherman's March to the Sea</a> – At <a href="/wiki/Waynesboro,_Georgia" title="Waynesboro, Georgia">Waynesboro, Georgia</a>, forces under Union General <a href="/wiki/Judson_Kilpatrick" class="mw-redirect" title="Judson Kilpatrick">Judson Kilpatrick</a> prevent troops, led by Confederate General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wheeler" title="Joseph Wheeler">Joseph Wheeler</a>, from interfering with Union General Sherman's campaign of destroying a wide swath of the South, on his march to <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah</a>; Union forces suffer more than 3 times the casualties as the Confederates, however.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> presents his paper, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Dynamical_Theory_of_the_Electromagnetic_Field" title="A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field">A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field</a></i>, to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> in London, treating light as an <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromagnetic wave">electromagnetic wave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syllabus_errorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllabus errorum">Syllabus errorum</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> condemns theological liberalism as an error, and claims the supremacy of Roman Catholic Church authority over civil society. He also condemns <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">rationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Clifton_Suspension_Bridge" title="Clifton Suspension Bridge">Clifton Suspension Bridge</a> across the <a href="/wiki/River_Avon_(Bristol)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Avon (Bristol)">River Avon (Bristol)</a> in England, designed by <a href="/wiki/Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel" title="Isambard Kingdom Brunel">Isambard Kingdom Brunel</a> and completed as a memorial to him, opens to traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> formally declares war on the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a>, in support of the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Uruguay)" title="National Party (Uruguay)">Uruguayan National Party</a>. The war continues to <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>, with around 300,000 Paraguayan deaths.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a>–<a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">16</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nashville" title="Battle of Nashville">Battle of Nashville</a> – Union forces decisively defeat the Confederate Army of Tennessee.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Second <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Ashanti_wars#Second_Anglo-Ashanti_War,_1863-1864" title="Anglo-Ashanti wars">Anglo-Ashanti War</a> ends.</li> <li>The Dutch conquer southern <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Mercer" title="Asa Mercer">Asa Mercer</a> travels from <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> to the U.S. East Coast, and recruits 11 <i><a href="/wiki/Mercer_Girls" title="Mercer Girls">Mercer Girls</a></i>, potential wives for men on the West Coast.</li> <li>The first <a href="/wiki/Quanjude" title="Quanjude">Quanjude</a> <a href="/wiki/Peking_Roast_Duck" class="mw-redirect" title="Peking Roast Duck">Peking Roast Duck</a> restaurant opens on Qianmen Street in <a href="/wiki/Peking" class="mw-redirect" title="Peking">Peking</a>, China.</li> <li>Yasudaya Currency Exchange Bank, as predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Mizuho_Financial_Group" title="Mizuho Financial Group">Mizuho Financial Group</a>, is founded in Edo (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>), Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Merchants Bank of Halifax, as predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Canada" title="Royal Bank of Canada">Royal Bank of Canada</a>, founded in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93March_2"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilhelm_Wien_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wilhelm_Wien_1911.jpg/120px-Wilhelm_Wien_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wilhelm_Wien_1911.jpg/250px-Wilhelm_Wien_1911.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg/110px-Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg/165px-Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg/220px-Marguerite_Durand_par_Jules_Cayron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Durand" title="Marguerite Durand">Marguerite Durand</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ana_Echazarreta_P%C3%A9rez_Cotapos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ana_Echazarreta_P%C3%A9rez_Cotapos.jpg/110px-Ana_Echazarreta_P%C3%A9rez_Cotapos.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ana_Echazarreta_P%C3%A9rez_Cotapos.jpg/165px-Ana_Echazarreta_P%C3%A9rez_Cotapos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ana_Echazarreta_P%C3%A9rez_Cotapos.jpg/220px-Ana_Echazarreta_P%C3%A9rez_Cotapos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ana_Echazarreta" title="Ana Echazarreta">Ana Echazarreta</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Baishi" title="Qi Baishi">Qi Baishi</a>, Chinese painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Alfred Stieglitz</a>, American photographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Victor,_Duke_of_Clarence_and_Avondale" title="Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale">Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a>, German physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Israel_Zangwill" title="Israel Zangwill">Israel Zangwill</a>, British novelist, playwright (d. <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Durand" title="Marguerite Durand">Marguerite Durand</a>, French actress, journalist and feminist leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Akroyd_Stuart" title="Herbert Akroyd Stuart">Herbert Akroyd Stuart</a>, English mechanical engineer, inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Fenton_(politician)" title="James Fenton (politician)">James Fenton</a>, Australian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Collins_(singer)" title="Arthur Collins (singer)">Arthur Collins</a>, early American recording artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bouveault" title="Louis Bouveault">Louis Bouveault</a>, French chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Banjo_Paterson" title="Banjo Paterson">Banjo Paterson</a>, Australian poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson" title="Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson">Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson</a>, British general (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_W._Taylor" title="David W. Taylor">David W. Taylor</a>, American naval architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/W._H._R._Rivers" title="W. H. R. Rivers">W. H. R. Rivers</a>, English psychiatrist (d. <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexej_von_Jawlensky" title="Alexej von Jawlensky">Alexej von Jawlensky</a>, Russian expressionist painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Casey_Jones" title="Casey Jones">Casey Jones</a>, American railway engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Redl" title="Alfred Redl">Alfred Redl</a>, Austrian military intelligence officer and double agent (suicide <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_Halvorsen" title="Johan Halvorsen">Johan Halvorsen</a>, Norwegian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Baptista" title="Joseph Baptista">Joseph Baptista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Home_Rule_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Home Rule Movement">Indian Home Rule Movement</a> founder (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Marion_Russell" title="Charles Marion Russell">Charles Marion Russell</a>, American artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Arbuthnot,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Arbuthnot, 4th Baronet">Robert Arbuthnot</a>, British admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_Simonyi-Semadam" title="Sándor Simonyi-Semadam">Sándor Simonyi-Semadam</a>, 26th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June_2"><span id="April.E2.80.93June_2"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Max_Weber_1894.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Max_Weber_1894.jpg/110px-Max_Weber_1894.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Max_Weber_1894.jpg/165px-Max_Weber_1894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Max_Weber_1894.jpg/220px-Max_Weber_1894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Max Weber</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Max_Liebermann_Bildnis_Richard_Strauss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Max_Liebermann_Bildnis_Richard_Strauss.jpg/120px-Max_Liebermann_Bildnis_Richard_Strauss.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Max_Liebermann_Bildnis_Richard_Strauss.jpg/250px-Max_Liebermann_Bildnis_Richard_Strauss.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1758" data-file-height="2241" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>, 1918</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walther_Nernst_SI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Walther_Nernst_SI.jpg/120px-Walther_Nernst_SI.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Walther_Nernst_SI.jpg/250px-Walther_Nernst_SI.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2519" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alois_Alzheimer_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Alois_Alzheimer_003.jpg/110px-Alois_Alzheimer_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Alois_Alzheimer_003.jpg/165px-Alois_Alzheimer_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Alois_Alzheimer_003.jpg/220px-Alois_Alzheimer_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alois_Alzheimer" title="Alois Alzheimer">Alois Alzheimer</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Lachmann" title="Clara Lachmann">Clara Lachmann</a>, Danish-Swedish patron of the arts (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mayr" title="Michael Mayr">Michael Mayr</a>, 2nd Chancellor of Austria (d. <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tully_Marshall" title="Tully Marshall">Tully Marshall</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johanna_Elberskirchen" title="Johanna Elberskirchen">Johanna Elberskirchen</a>, German feminist (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rosslyn_Wemyss,_1st_Baron_Wester_Wemyss" title="Rosslyn Wemyss, 1st Baron Wester Wemyss">Rosslyn Wemyss, 1st Baron Wester Wemyss</a>, British admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Artur_V%C4%83itoianu" title="Artur Văitoianu">Artur Văitoianu</a>, Romanian general and politician, 27th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Max Weber</a>, German sociologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Wilson,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet">Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet</a>, British field marshal, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gaumont" title="Léon Gaumont">Léon Gaumont</a>, French film pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Hammersh%C3%B8i" title="Vilhelm Hammershøi">Vilhelm Hammershøi</a>, Danish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Gurko" title="Vasily Gurko">Vasily Gurko</a>, Russian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Anne_of_L%C3%B6wenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg" title="Princess Anne of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg">Princess Anne of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg</a>, British-born German aristocrat, aviation enthusiast (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>, officially declared dead February <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Souchon" title="Wilhelm Souchon">Wilhelm Souchon</a>, German admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ransom_E._Olds" title="Ransom E. Olds">Ransom E. Olds</a>, American automotive pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ninian_Comper" title="Ninian Comper">Ninian Comper</a>, British architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>, German composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dwight_B._Waldo" title="Dwight B. Waldo">Dwight B. Waldo</a>, American educator, historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alois_Alzheimer" title="Alois Alzheimer">Alois Alzheimer</a>, German psychiatrist, neuropathologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Minkowski" title="Hermann Minkowski">Hermann Minkowski</a>, German mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a>, German chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Bligh_Bond" title="Frederick Bligh Bond">Frederick Bligh Bond</a>, English architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93September_2"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photolautrec.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Photolautrec.jpg/110px-Photolautrec.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Photolautrec.jpg/165px-Photolautrec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Photolautrec.jpg/220px-Photolautrec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a>, African-American botanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Deunov" title="Peter Deunov">Peter Deunov</a>, Bulgarian spiritual teacher (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor_IV" title="John Jacob Astor IV">John Jacob Astor IV</a>, American businessman, inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Tempest" title="Marie Tempest">Marie Tempest</a>, English stage, film actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a>, Swedish writer, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frances_Cleveland" title="Frances Cleveland">Frances Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a>, Filipino political theoretician, Prime Minister (d. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Roman Dmowski</a>, Polish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a>, 5-time prime minister of Romania (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a>, 7-time prime minister of Greece (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood</a>, English politician, diplomat, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December_2"><span id="October.E2.80.93December_2"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EMMA_V._SHERIDAN_FRY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/EMMA_V._SHERIDAN_FRY.jpg/120px-EMMA_V._SHERIDAN_FRY.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/EMMA_V._SHERIDAN_FRY.jpg/250px-EMMA_V._SHERIDAN_FRY.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="1043" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emma_Sheridan_Fry" title="Emma Sheridan Fry">Emma Sheridan Fry</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emma_Sheridan_Fry" title="Emma Sheridan Fry">Emma Sheridan Fry</a>, American actress and playwright (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sent%C5%8D_Takenaka" title="Sentō Takenaka">Sentō Takenaka</a>, Japanese admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Yokai_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yokai-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Louis Lumière">Louis Lumière</a>, French inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kikunae_Ikeda" title="Kikunae Ikeda">Kikunae Ikeda</a>, Japanese chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Dyer" title="Reginald Dyer">Reginald Dyer</a>, British army officer, perpetrator of <a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Lauri" title="Lorenzo Lauri">Lorenzo Lauri</a>, Italian cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gretchaninov" title="Alexander Gretchaninov">Alexander Gretchaninov</a>, Russian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Gordon_Lang" title="Cosmo Gordon Lang">Cosmo Gordon Lang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jessie_Ralph" title="Jessie Ralph">Jessie Ralph</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Hesse_and_by_Rhine_(1864%E2%80%931918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (1864–1918)">Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Hermann Fried</a>, Austrian writer, pacifist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Higgins" title="Edward Higgins">Edward Higgins</a>, third General of <a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">The Salvation Army</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Meyer-Waldeck" title="Alfred Meyer-Waldeck">Alfred Meyer-Waldeck</a>, German admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberico_Albricci" title="Alberico Albricci">Alberico Albricci</a>, Italian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Hart" title="William S. Hart">William S. Hart</a>, American film actor, director and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Camille Claudel</a>, French sculptor (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Breaker_Morant" title="Breaker Morant">Breaker Morant</a>, Australian soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Elmer_More" title="Paul Elmer More">Paul Elmer More</a>, American critic, essayist (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Campeau" title="Frank Campeau">Frank Campeau</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Zorka_of_Montenegro" title="Princess Zorka of Montenegro">Princess Zorka of Montenegro</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cahill_(soccer)" title="Thomas Cahill (soccer)">Thomas Cahill</a>, American soccer coach (d. <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peyton_C._March" title="Peyton C. March">Peyton C. March</a>, American general (d. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Rikabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Rikabi">Ali Rikabi</a>, 2-time prime minister of Jordan (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Sedgwick.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/John_Sedgwick.png/120px-John_Sedgwick.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/John_Sedgwick.png/250px-John_Sedgwick.png 1.5x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="5265" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Sedgwick" title="John Sedgwick">John Sedgwick</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_photographic_history_of_the_Civil_War_-_thousands_of_scenes_photographed_1861-65,_with_text_by_many_special_authorities_(1911)_(14782791043).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_photographic_history_of_the_Civil_War_-_thousands_of_scenes_photographed_1861-65%2C_with_text_by_many_special_authorities_%281911%29_%2814782791043%29.jpg/120px-The_photographic_history_of_the_Civil_War_-_thousands_of_scenes_photographed_1861-65%2C_with_text_by_many_special_authorities_%281911%29_%2814782791043%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_photographic_history_of_the_Civil_War_-_thousands_of_scenes_photographed_1861-65%2C_with_text_by_many_special_authorities_%281911%29_%2814782791043%29.jpg/250px-The_photographic_history_of_the_Civil_War_-_thousands_of_scenes_photographed_1861-65%2C_with_text_by_many_special_authorities_%281911%29_%2814782791043%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="1804" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J._E._B._Stuart" title="J. E. B. Stuart">J. E. B. Stuart</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Stephen Foster</a>, American song composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vedanayagam_Sastriar" title="Vedanayagam Sastriar">Vedanayagam Sastriar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">Tamil</a> <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> <a href="/wiki/Hymnwriter" title="Hymnwriter">hymnwriter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Court_poet" class="mw-redirect" title="Court poet">court poet</a> in the palace of <a href="/wiki/Serfoji_II" title="Serfoji II">Serfoji II</a>, the last <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur_Maratha_kingdom" title="Thanjavur Maratha kingdom">Maratha King of Thanjavur</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1774" title="1774">1774</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leo_von_Klenze" title="Leo von Klenze">Leo von Klenze</a>, German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vuk_Stefanovi%C4%87_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuk Stefanović Karadžić">Vuk Stefanović Karadžić</a>, Serbian linguist, major reformer of the Serbian language (b. <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Sewall_Reed" title="James Sewall Reed">James Sewall Reed</a>, U.S. Army officer (in battle) (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Harrison" title="Anna Harrison">Anna Harrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian II of Bavaria">Maximilian II of Bavaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1811" title="1811">1811</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_Charlotte_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark">Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pitty_Couthouy" title="Joseph Pitty Couthouy">Joseph Pitty Couthouy</a>, American naval officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lot_Church" title="Charles Lot Church">Charles Lot Church</a>, Nova Scotia politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Giacomo Meyerbeer</a>, German composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1791" title="1791">1791</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Andrew_Warren" title="Elizabeth Andrew Warren">Elizabeth Andrew Warren</a>, Cornish botanist, marine <a href="/wiki/Phycology" title="Phycology">algolologist</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1786" title="1786">1786</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Sedgwick" title="John Sedgwick">John Sedgwick</a>, Union general, American Civil War (b. <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wolff" title="Wilhelm Wolff">Wilhelm Wolff</a>, German political activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/J._E._B._Stuart" title="J. E. B. Stuart">J. E. B. Stuart</a>, Confederate cavalry general, American Civil War (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>, American author (b. <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Clare" title="John Clare">John Clare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a> peasant poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong Xiuquan</a>, Chinese rebel (b. <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%ADas_Ram%C3%B3n_Mella" title="Matías Ramón Mella">Matías Ramón Mella</a>, Dominican general (b. <a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Dembi%C5%84ski" title="Henryk Dembiński">Henryk Dembiński</a>, Polish engineer (b. <a href="/wiki/1791" title="1791">1791</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kelly_(Civil_War)" title="Patrick Kelly (Civil War)">Patrick Kelly</a>, U.S. Army officer (in battle) (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1822" title="1822">1822</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_E._Jones_(general)" title="William E. Jones (general)">William E. Jones</a>, Confederate general (in battle) (b. <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Jose_Flores.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Juan_Jose_Flores.jpg/120px-Juan_Jose_Flores.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Juan_Jose_Flores.jpg/250px-Juan_Jose_Flores.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Flores" title="Juan José Flores">Juan José Flores</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_facing_page_44,_Devonshire_Characters_and_Strange_Events.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Illustration_facing_page_44%2C_Devonshire_Characters_and_Strange_Events.png/120px-Illustration_facing_page_44%2C_Devonshire_Characters_and_Strange_Events.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Illustration_facing_page_44%2C_Devonshire_Characters_and_Strange_Events.png/250px-Illustration_facing_page_44%2C_Devonshire_Characters_and_Strange_Events.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1773" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Princess_Caraboo" title="Princess Caraboo">Princess Caraboo</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Walter" title="Jakob Walter">Jakob Walter</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Stonemason" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonemason">stonemason</a>, common draftee (b. <a href="/wiki/1788" title="1788">1788</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Hansemann" title="David Hansemann">David Hansemann</a>, Prussian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Trương Định">Trương Định</a>, Vietnamese leader (suicide) (b. <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Ferdinand Lassalle</a>, Prussian-German philosopher, socialist and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emil_Oskar_Nobel" title="Emil Oskar Nobel">Emil Oskar Nobel</a>, younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a> (killed in an explosion) (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Flores" title="Juan José Flores">Juan José Flores</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ecuador" title="President of Ecuador">President of Ecuador</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_Taney" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Taney">Roger Taney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Imam_Bonjol" title="Tuanku Imam Bonjol">Tuanku Imam Bonjol</a>, Indonesian religious and military leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1772" title="1772">1772</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_Newsam" title="Albert Newsam">Albert Newsam</a>, American artist (born 1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(Confederate_Army_officer)" title="John Adams (Confederate Army officer)">John Adams</a>, Confederate Army officer (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cleburne" title="Patrick Cleburne">Patrick Cleburne</a>, Irish soldier, Confederate general (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_Rights_Gist" title="States Rights Gist">States Rights Gist</a>, Confederate General (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">William L. Dayton</a> – United States Minister to France (b. <a href="/wiki/1807" title="1807">1807</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Boole" title="George Boole">George Boole</a>, English mathematician, philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Louis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Louis of Austria">Archduke Louis of Austria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Bronterre_O%27Brien" title="James Bronterre O'Brien">James Bronterre O'Brien</a>, British Chartist (b. <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – Mary Baker (née Willcocks), aka <a href="/wiki/Princess_Caraboo" title="Princess Caraboo">Princess Caraboo</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1791" title="1791">1791</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">George M. Dallas</a>, U.S. Senator, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice Presidents of the United States">11th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_3">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Shanxiang" title="Fu Shanxiang">Fu Shanxiang</a>, Chinese scholar, Chancellor (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBjørnDue-Nielsen2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bjørn, Claus; Due-Nielsen, Carsten (2006). <i>Dansk Udenrigspolitiks Historie. Vol. III, Fra Helstat til Nationalstat, 1814–1914</i> (in Danish) (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: Gyldendal. pp. <span class="nowrap">238–</span>39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dansk+Udenrigspolitiks+Historie.+Vol.+III%2C+Fra+Helstat+til+Nationalstat%2C+1814%E2%80%931914&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E238-%3C%2Fspan%3E39&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Bj%C3%B8rn&rft.aufirst=Claus&rft.au=Due-Nielsen%2C+Carsten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1864" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChaffin2008" class="citation book cs1">Chaffin, Tom (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hlhunleysecretho00chaf"><i>The H. L. Hunley: the Secret Hope of the Confederacy</i></a></span>. New York: Hill and Wang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8090-9512-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8090-9512-4"><bdi>978-0-8090-9512-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+H.+L.+Hunley%3A+the+Secret+Hope+of+the+Confederacy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hill+and+Wang&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8090-9512-4&rft.aulast=Chaffin&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhlhunleysecretho00chaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1864" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHurwitz2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hurwitz_(music_critic)" title="David Hurwitz (music critic)">Hurwitz, David</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicstoday.com/features/RossiniMesse.pdf"><i>Petite Messe solennelle (Works of Gioachino Rossini, Vol. 3)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. classicstoday.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petite+Messe+solennelle+%28Works+of+Gioachino+Rossini%2C+Vol.+3%29&rft.pub=classicstoday.com&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Hurwitz&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicstoday.com%2Ffeatures%2FRossiniMesse.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1864" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThelwell2008" class="citation news cs1">Thelwell, Emma (January 24, 2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/4667708/Societe-Generale-A-history.html">"Société Générale: A history"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/4667708/Societe-Generale-A-history.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%3A+A+history&rft.date=2008-01-24&rft.aulast=Thelwell&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Fmarkets%2F4667708%2FSociete-Generale-A-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1864" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WDL-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WDL_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9527/">"Great Central Fair Buildings, Philadelphia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a></i>. July 1864<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=Great+Central+Fair+Buildings%2C+Philadelphia&rft.date=1864-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F9527%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1864" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225035410/http://www.milhist.dk/1864/als/als_uk.htm">"The capture of the Island of Als"</a>. February 25, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milhist.dk/1864/als/als_uk.htm">the original</a> on February 25, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+capture+of+the+Island+of+Als&rft.date=2009-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milhist.dk%2F1864%2Fals%2Fals_uk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1864" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/canada-deadly-rail-train-crashes-1.5006876">"From 99 dead when train plunged through swing bridge to Lac-Mégantic: Canada's most deadly rail accidents"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+99+dead+when+train+plunged+through+swing+bridge+to+Lac-M%C3%A9gantic%3A+Canada%27s+most+deadly+rail+accidents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fcalgary%2Fcanada-deadly-rail-train-crashes-1.5006876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1864" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrețulescu2015" class="citation journal cs1">Crețulescu, Vladimir (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_14746_bp_2015_22_8">"The Aromanian-Romanian national movement (1859-1905): an analytical model"</a>. <i>Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia</i>. <b>22</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">99–</span>121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14746%2Fbp.2015.22.8">10.14746/bp.2015.22.8</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balcanica+Posnaniensia.+Acta+et+studia&rft.atitle=The+Aromanian-Romanian+national+movement+%281859-1905%29%3A+an+analytical+model&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E99-%3C%2Fspan%3E121&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14746%2Fbp.2015.22.8&rft.aulast=Cre%C8%9Bulescu&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyadda.icm.edu.pl%2Fyadda%2Felement%2Fbwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_14746_bp_2015_22_8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1864" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKahl2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thede_Kahl" title="Thede Kahl">Kahl, Thede</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dinitrandu.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Aromanians-in-Greece-Thede-Kahl.pdf">"Aromanians in Greece: Minority or Vlach-speaking Greeks?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Jahrbücher für Geschichte und Kultur Südosteuropas</i>. <b>5</b>: <span class="nowrap">205–</span>219.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jahrb%C3%BCcher+f%C3%BCr+Geschichte+und+Kultur+S%C3%BCdosteuropas&rft.atitle=Aromanians+in+Greece%3A+Minority+or+Vlach-speaking+Greeks%3F&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E205-%3C%2Fspan%3E219&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Kahl&rft.aufirst=Thede&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdinitrandu.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F09%2FAromanians-in-Greece-Thede-Kahl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1864" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Penguin Pocket On This Day</i>. 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