Data protection and online privacy

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type="text/css" href="/youreurope/citizens/stylesheets/europa-ye-V2.css"> <title>Data protection and online privacy - Your Europe</title> </head> <body> <div id="ye-navigation-field"></div> <header id="site-header"> <section id="ye-top-header" class="container"><a id="ye-logo" href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/index_en.htm"><img lang="en" title="Your Europe" alt="Your Europe" src="/youreurope/citizens/images/logos/youreurope-logo.svg"></a><div> <div id="ye-languages-widget" class="centered"><button id="ye-languages-toggle"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-ec-icons.svg#language"></use></svg><span>en</span>English</button><div id="ye-languages-menu" role="dialog" class=""> <div> <div> <div> <div lang="en">Available languages</div><button id="close-ye-languages-menu" class="close-btn" title="Close menu"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use 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href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/transport-disability/parking-card-disabilities-people/index_en.htm">EU parking card for people with disabilities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/driving-abroad/index_en.htm">Driving abroad<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/driving-abroad/car-rental-abroad/index_en.htm">Hiring a car</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/driving-abroad/driving-licence-and-insurance/index_en.htm">Driving licence and insurance</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/driving-abroad/road-rules-and-safety/index_en.htm">Road rules and safety</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/index_en.htm">What can you take with you?<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/alcohol-tobacco-cash/index_en.htm">Alcohol, tobacco and excise duties</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/carrying-cash/index_en.htm">Rules for taking cash in and out of the EU and travelling with cash in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/pets-and-other-animals/index_en.htm">Travelling with pets and other animals in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/luggage-restrictions/index_en.htm">Luggage restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/meat-dairy-animal/index_en.htm">Taking animal products, food or plants with you</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/using-euro/index_en.htm">Using the euro</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/security-and-emergencies/index_en.htm">Security and emergencies<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/security-and-emergencies/airport-airline-security/index_en.htm">Airport and airline security</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/security-and-emergencies/emergency/index_en.htm">Emergencies</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/security-and-emergencies/emergency-assistance-vehicles-ecall/index_en.htm">eCall 112-based emergency assistance from your vehicle</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/holidays/index_en.htm">Package travel and timeshare<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use 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href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/cross-border-commuters/index_en.htm">Cross-border commuters</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/equal-treatment-with-nationals/index_en.htm">Equal treatment at work</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/posted-workers/index_en.htm">Posted workers</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/work-in-public-sector-abroad/index_en.htm">Work in the public sector abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/work-permits/index_en.htm">Work permits</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/employment-contracts/index_en.htm">Employment contracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/rules-working-road-transport/index_en.htm">EU rules for working in road transport</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/liability-insurance/index_en.htm">Liability insurance in another EU country</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/professional-qualifications/index_en.htm">Professional qualifications<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/professional-qualifications/regulated-professions/index_en.htm">What is a regulated profession</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/professional-qualifications/apply-permanent-provision-services/index_en.htm">Applying for permanent provision of services</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/professional-qualifications/apply-temporary-provision-services/index_en.htm">Applying for temporary provision of services</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/professional-qualifications/professional-bodies-language-requirements/index_en.htm">Professional bodies and language requirements</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/professional-qualifications/european-professional-card/index_en.htm">European Professional Card - EPC</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/professional-qualifications/brexit/index_en.htm">EU-UK: professional qualifications</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/index_en.htm">Social security and benefits<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/social-security/index_en.htm">Social security systems in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/country-coverage/index_en.htm">Social security cover abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/unemployment/index_en.htm">Unemployment abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/transferring-unemployment-benefits/index_en.htm">Transferring unemployment benefits</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/cannot-find-work-abroad/index_en.htm">If you don't find work</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/family-benefits/index_en.htm">Family benefits</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/death-grants/index_en.htm">Survivors' pensions and death grants</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/social-security-forms/index_en.htm">Standard forms for social security rights</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/retire-abroad/index_en.htm">Retiring abroad<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/retire-abroad/supplementary-pensions-abroad/index_en.htm">Supplementary pensions abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/retire-abroad/state-pensions-abroad/index_en.htm">State pensions abroad</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/taxes/index_en.htm">Taxes<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/taxes/income-taxes-abroad/index_en.htm">Income taxes abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/taxes/double-taxation/index_en.htm">Double taxation</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/index_en.htm">Vehicles<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/cars/index_en.htm">Cars<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/cars/buying-leasing-car-abroad/index_en.htm">Buying and leasing a car</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/cars/vat-buying-selling-cars/index_en.htm">VAT when buying or selling a car</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/cars/company-cars/index_en.htm">Company cars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/driving-licence/index_en.htm">Driving licence<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/driving-licence/driving-licence-exchange-recognition/index_en.htm">Driving licence exchange and recognition in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/driving-licence/get-driving-licence/index_en.htm">Getting a driving licence in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/driving-licence/driving-licence-renewal/index_en.htm">Driving licence renewal in another EU country</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/insurance/index_en.htm">Insurance<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/insurance/validity/index_en.htm">Car insurance validity in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/insurance/accident/index_en.htm">Car insurance cover abroad</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/registration/index_en.htm">Registration<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/registration/formalities/index_en.htm">Car registration documents and formalities</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/registration/registration-abroad/index_en.htm">Car registration in another EU country</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/registration/taxes-abroad/index_en.htm">Car taxes in another EU country</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/index_en.htm">Residence<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/index_en.htm">Residence rights<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/inactive-citizens/index_en.htm">Economically inactive EU citizens</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/jobseekers/index_en.htm">Jobseekers - residence rights</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/pensioners/index_en.htm">Pensioners - residence rights</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/students/index_en.htm">Students - residence rights</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/workers/index_en.htm">Workers - residence rights</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/brexit-residence-rights/index_en.htm">Residence rights for EU nationals in the UK and UK nationals in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/naturalisation/index_en.htm">Naturalisation </a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/index_en.htm">Family residence rights<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/eu-wife-husband-children/index_en.htm">EU spouses and children</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/non-eu-wife-husband-children/index_en.htm">Non-EU spouses and children</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/partners/index_en.htm">Civil and registered partners</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/parents/index_en.htm">Parents</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/other-family/index_en.htm">Other relatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/jobseekers-family/index_en.htm">Jobseeker's family</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/index_en.htm">Documents and formalities<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/eu-family-members-registration/index_en.htm">Registering EU family members in another EU country</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/eu-nationals-permanent-residence/index_en.htm">Permanent residence for EU nationals after 5 years</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/non-eu-family-members-permanent-residence/index_en.htm">Permanent residence for non-EU family members</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/non-eu-family-members-residence-card/index_en.htm">Registering presence of non-EU family members</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/registering-residence/index_en.htm">Registering presence after the first 3 months</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/reporting-presence/index_en.htm">Reporting presence for short stays of less than 3 months </a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/registering-birth/index_en.htm">Registering a birth</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/legal-gender-recognition/index_en.htm">Rules on gender change</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/buying-house/index_en.htm">Buying a house</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/deregistering-residence/index_en.htm">Deregistering your residence</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/elections-abroad/index_en.htm">Elections, petitions and consultations<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/elections-abroad/european-elections/index_en.htm">European elections</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/elections-abroad/home-country-elections/index_en.htm">Home country elections</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/elections-abroad/municipal-elections/index_en.htm">Municipal elections</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/elections-abroad/petitions-consultations/index_en.htm">Petitions and consultations</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/index_en.htm">Education & Youth<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/school/index_en.htm">School<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/school/partner/index_en.htm">Partnering with schools abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/school/enrol/index_en.htm">Starting school in another EU country</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/university/index_en.htm">University<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/university/admission-entry-conditions/index_en.htm">Admission and entry to university</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/university/fees-and-financial-help/index_en.htm">University fees and financial help</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/university/recognition/index_en.htm">Recognition of academic diplomas</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/university/study-abroad/index_en.htm">Study abroad and scholarship opportunities</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/university/working-while-studying/index_en.htm">Working while studying</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/traineeships/index_en.htm">Traineeships<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/traineeships/financial/index_en.htm">Financial support for traineeships</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/volunteering/index_en.htm">Volunteering in the EU and beyond<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/volunteering/where-to-start/index_en.htm">Volunteering - where to start</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/volunteering/practical-preparations/index_en.htm">Practical preparations for volunteers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/research/index_en.htm">Researchers<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/research/jobs/index_en.htm">Grants and jobs for researchers</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/research/tax/index_en.htm">Taxation of researchers</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/index_en.htm">Health<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/unplanned-healthcare/index_en.htm">Unplanned healthcare<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/unplanned-healthcare/going-to-doctor-hospital-abroad/index_en.htm">Going to a doctor/hospital abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/unplanned-healthcare/payments-reimbursements/index_en.htm">Unplanned healthcare: payments and reimbursements</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/unplanned-healthcare/temporary-stays/index_en.htm">Health cover for temporary stays</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/unplanned-healthcare/ehic/index_en.htm">European Health Insurance Card (EHIC)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/planned-healthcare/index_en.htm">Planned medical treatment abroad<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/planned-healthcare/right-to-treatment/index_en.htm">Organising planned medical treatment abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/planned-healthcare/expenses-reimbursements/index_en.htm">Expenses and reimbursements: planned medical treatment abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/planned-healthcare/get-more-info/index_en.htm">Information points for cross-border healthcare</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/prescription-medicine-abroad/index_en.htm">Buying medicine in another EU country<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/prescription-medicine-abroad/prescriptions/index_en.htm">Presenting a prescription in another EU country</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/prescription-medicine-abroad/expenses-reimbursements/index_en.htm">Prescriptions abroad: expenses and reimbursements</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/prescription-medicine-abroad/buying-medicines-online/index_en.htm">Buying medicine online</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/when-living-abroad/index_en.htm">Health coverage when living abroad<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/when-living-abroad/health-insurance-cover/index_en.htm">Your health insurance cover</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/when-living-abroad/residential-care-home/index_en.htm">Moving to a residential care home</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/when-living-abroad/preventive-healthcare/index_en.htm">Preventive healthcare</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/index_en.htm">Family<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/children/index_en.htm">Children<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/children/parental-responsibility/index_en.htm">Parental responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/children/adoption/index_en.htm">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/children/abduction/index_en.htm">Child abduction</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/index_en.htm">Couples<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/marriage/index_en.htm">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/registered-partners/index_en.htm">Civil unions and registered partnerships</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/de-facto-unions/index_en.htm">Unmarried couples</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/divorce-separation/index_en.htm">Divorce and legal separation</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/maintenance/index_en.htm">Maintenance obligations - support for family members</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/property-regimes-international-couples/index_en.htm">Property regimes for international couples</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/getting-public-documents-accepted/index_en.htm">Getting your public documents accepted in the EU</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/inheritances/index_en.htm">Death, repatriation and cross-border inheritance<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/inheritances/managing-inheritance/index_en.htm">Managing a cross-border inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/inheritances/planning-inheritance/index_en.htm">Planning your cross-border inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/inheritances/death-repatriation/index_en.htm">Death and repatriation</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/index_en.htm">Consumers<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/index_en.htm">Shopping<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/contract-information/index_en.htm">Contract information</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/guarantees-returns/index_en.htm">Guarantees and returns</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/pricing-payments/index_en.htm">Pricing and payments</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/shipping-delivery/index_en.htm">Shipping and delivery</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/shopping-consumer-rights/index_en.htm">Your rights when shopping</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/vat/index_en.htm">VAT – Value Added Tax</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/product-safety/index_en.htm">Product safety</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/index_en.htm">Internet and telecoms<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/mobile-roaming-costs/index_en.htm">Roaming: Using a mobile phone in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/access-online-content-abroad/index_en.htm">Accessing online content abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/telecommunication-services/index_en.htm">Fixed line telephone services</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/internet-access/index_en.htm">Using and accessing the internet</a></li> <li class="current"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/data-protection-online-privacy/index_en.htm"><span>Data protection and online <span class="label-end"><span>privacy</span><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#check"></use></svg></span></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/index_en.htm">Financial products and services<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/bank-accounts-eu/index_en.htm">Bank accounts in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/consumer-credits-and-loans/index_en.htm">Consumer credits and loans</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/insurance-products/index_en.htm">Insurance products</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/investment-products/index_en.htm">Investment products</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/mortgages/index_en.htm">Mortgage loans</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/payments-transfers-cheques/index_en.htm">Payments, transfers and cheques</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/investments-in-another-eu-country/index_en.htm">Investments in another EU country</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/unfair-treatment/index_en.htm">Unfair treatment<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/unfair-treatment/unfair-commercial-practices/index_en.htm">Unfair commercial practices</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/unfair-treatment/unfair-pricing/index_en.htm">Unfair pricing</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/unfair-treatment/unfair-contract-terms/index_en.htm">Unfair contract terms</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/energy-supply/index_en.htm">Energy supply<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/energy-supply/access-use-energy-services/index_en.htm">Access to and use of energy services</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/energy-supply/contracts-energy-consumption/index_en.htm">Contracts and energy consumption</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/energy-supply/complaints-dispute-resolution/index_en.htm">Complaints and dispute resolution</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/consumers-dispute-resolution/index_en.htm">Consumer dispute resolution<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/consumers-dispute-resolution/informal-dispute-resolution/index_en.htm">Informal dispute resolution for consumers</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/consumers-dispute-resolution/out-of-court-procedures/index_en.htm">Out-of-court procedures for consumers</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/consumers-dispute-resolution/formal-legal-actions/index_en.htm">Formal legal action for consumers</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/index_en.htm">Doing business<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/index_en.htm">Running a business<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/start-ups/index_en.htm">Startups<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/start-ups/starting-business/index_en.htm">Starting a business</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/start-ups/erasmus-young-entrepreneurs/index_en.htm">Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/index_en.htm">Developing a business<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/setting-up-european-company/index_en.htm">Setting up a European Company (SE)</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/merging-businesses/index_en.htm">Merging businesses</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/emas-registration/index_en.htm">EMAS registration</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/free-flow-non-personal-data/index_en.htm">Free flow of non-personal data</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/investments-other-eu-country/index_en.htm">Investments in another EU country</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/registration-permits-licences/index_en.htm">Registration, permits and licences</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/tourism/index_en.htm">Running a business in the tourism industry</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/biotech/index_en.htm">Biotech and biomanufacturing</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/index_en.htm">Digitalising a business<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/setting-up-business-website/index_en.htm">Setting up a business website</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/selling-online-third-party-platforms/index_en.htm">Selling online using third-party platforms</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/setting-up-online-shop/index_en.htm">Setting up an online shop</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/securing-website/index_en.htm">Securing a website</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/deliveries-fulfilment-online-sales/index_en.htm">Deliveries and fulfilment for online sales</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/customer-service-online-businesses/index_en.htm">Customer service for online businesses</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/promoting-business-online/index_en.htm">Promoting a business online</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/index_en.htm">Intellectual property<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/rights/index_en.htm">Intellectual property rights</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/patents/index_en.htm">Patents</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/trade-marks/index_en.htm">Trade marks</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/copyright/index_en.htm">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/trade-secrets/index_en.htm">Trade secrets</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/design-protection/index_en.htm">Design protection</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/website-domains/index_en.htm">Website domains</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/database-protection/index_en.htm">Database protection</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/geographical-indications/index_en.htm">Geographical indications</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/licensing-selling/index_en.htm">Licensing and selling intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/infringement/index_en.htm">Infringement of intellectual property rights</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/eu-support-tools-sme/index_en.htm">EU support tools for SMEs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/index_en.htm">Taxation<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/excise-duties-eu/index_en.htm">Excise duties<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/excise-duties-eu/product-excise-duties/index_en.htm">Products subject to excise duties</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/excise-duties-eu/paying-excise-duties/index_en.htm">Paying excise duties</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/index_en.htm">VAT<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/vat-rules-rates/index_en.htm">VAT rules and rates</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/charging-deducting-vat/index_en.htm">Charging and deducting VAT</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/vat-exemptions/index_en.htm">VAT exemptions</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/vat-refunds/index_en.htm">VAT refunds</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/cross-border-vat/index_en.htm">Cross-border VAT</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/check-vat-number-vies/index_en.htm">Check a VAT number (VIES)</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/vat-digital-services-moss-scheme/index_en.htm">VAT on digital services (MOSS scheme)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/business-tax/index_en.htm">Business tax<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/business-tax/company-tax-eu/index_en.htm">Company tax in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/business-tax/taxes-parent-companies-subsidiaries/index_en.htm">Taxes on parent companies and subsidiaries</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/index_en.htm">Selling in the EU<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/public-contracts/index_en.htm">Public contracts<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/public-contracts/public-tendering-rules/index_en.htm">Public tendering rules</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/public-contracts/search-bid-public-tender/index_en.htm">Search and bid for a public contract</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/public-contracts/request-review-public-procurement-procedure/index_en.htm">Request a review of a public procurement procedure</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/index_en.htm">Selling goods and services<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/selling-products-eu/index_en.htm">Selling products in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/provide-services-abroad/index_en.htm">Providing services abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/ecommerce-distance-selling/index_en.htm">E-commerce, distance and off-premises selling</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/package-travel/index_en.htm">Package travel and linked travel arrangements</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/parcel-services/index_en.htm">Parcel services</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/competition-between-businesses/index_en.htm">Competition between businesses<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/competition-between-businesses/competition-rules-eu/index_en.htm">Competition rules in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/competition-between-businesses/anti-competitive-behaviour/index_en.htm">Reporting anti-competitive behaviour</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/index_en.htm">Human resources<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employment-contracts/index_en.htm">Employment contracts<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employment-contracts/changes-staff-contract/index_en.htm">Changes to staff contracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employment-contracts/employment-terms/index_en.htm">Terms of employment</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employment-contracts/fixed-term-work/index_en.htm">Fixed-term work</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employment-contracts/inform-consult-staff/index_en.htm">Inform and consult staff</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employment-contracts/part-time-work/index_en.htm">Part-time work</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employment-contracts/redundancies/index_en.htm">Redundancies</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employment-contracts/teenage-workers/index_en.htm">Teenage workers</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employment-contracts/temporary-agency-work/index_en.htm">Temporary agency work</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employment-contracts/seasonal-workers-non-eu-countries/index_en.htm">Seasonal Workers from non-EU Countries</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/working-hours-holiday-leave/index_en.htm">Working hours, holiday and leave<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/working-hours-holiday-leave/working-hours/index_en.htm">Working hours</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/working-hours-holiday-leave/leave-flexible-working/index_en.htm">Leave and flexible working</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/transport-sector-workers/index_en.htm">Transport sector workers<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/transport-sector-workers/civil-aviation-staff/index_en.htm">Civil aviation staff</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/transport-sector-workers/rail-staff/index_en.htm">Rail staff</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/transport-sector-workers/road-transportation-workers/index_en.htm">Employing road transport workers: driving time and rest periods</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/transport-sector-workers/seafarers/index_en.htm">Seafarers </a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/transport-sector-workers/inland-waterway-staff/index_en.htm">Inland waterway staff</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/posted-workers/index_en.htm">Posted workers<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/posted-workers/posting-staff-abroad/index_en.htm">Posting staff abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/posted-workers/drivers/index_en.htm">Posted drivers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/social-security-health/index_en.htm">Social security and health<svg 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declaration of conformity</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/compliance/ecodesign/index_en.htm">Ecodesign requirements</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/compliance/declaration-mutual-recognition/index_en.htm">Declaration of mutual recognition</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/index_en.htm">Labels and markings<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/ce-marking/index_en.htm">CE marking</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/energy-labels/index_en.htm">Energy label</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/weee-label/index_en.htm">WEEE label</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/footwear-label/index_en.htm">Footwear Label</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/textile-label/index_en.htm">Textile Label</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/emark/index_en.htm">℮-mark</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/ecolabel/index_en.htm">EU Ecolabel</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/chemicals/index_en.htm">Chemicals<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a 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funding<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/accounting/index_en.htm">Accounting<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/accounting/small-micro-businesses/index_en.htm">Accounting for SMEs and micro-businesses</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/making-receiving-payments/index_en.htm">Making and receiving payments<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a 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procedure</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="group"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/data-protection/index_en.htm">Data protection<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a><ul> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/data-protection/data-protection-gdpr/index_en.htm">Data protection under GDPR</a></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/data-protection/online-privacy/index_en.htm">Online privacy</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://asf.youreurope.europa.eu/?lang=en" target="_blank">Contact assistance services</a></li> <li><a href="https://fosmo.youreurope.europa.eu/?lang=en" target="_blank">Report an obstacle</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="ua-info-menu"> <div id="ua-toggle-btn" class="ye_boxbutton">Ukraine<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></div> <div id="ua-toggle-content" class="ye_boxcontent container"> <ul class="ye_list" aria-labelledby="ua-toggle-btn"> <li class="ye_listbylang" lang="ua"> <div id="ua-titlelist_ua" class="ye_title">Допомога ЄС Україні</div> <ul class="ye_links"> <li><a hreflang="ua" target="_blank" href="https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/stronger-europe-world/eu-solidarity-ukraine/eu-assistance-ukraine/information-people-fleeing-war-ukraine_uk">Інформація для людей з України, що шукають порятунку від війни в Україні</a></li> <li><a hreflang="ua" target="_blank" href="https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/stronger-europe-world/eu-solidarity-ukraine/helping-ukrainians-how-you-can-donate-and-engage_uk#ref-%D1%8F%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B8">Як Ви можете допомогти</a></li> <li><a hreflang="ua" target="_blank" href="https://clustercollaboration.eu/content/eu-clusters-supporting-ukraine">Iнформація для бізнесу</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="ye_listbylang"> <div id="ua-titlelist_or" class="ye_title">EU assistance to Ukraine</div> <ul class="ye_links"> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/stronger-europe-world/eu-solidarity-ukraine/eu-assistance-ukraine/information-people-fleeing-war-ukraine_en">Information for people fleeing the war in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/stronger-europe-world/eu-solidarity-ukraine/helping-ukrainians-how-you-can-donate-and-engage_en#how-you-can-help">How you can help</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://clustercollaboration.eu/content/eu-clusters-supporting-ukraine">Information for businesses</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> </header> <div id="page-header"> <nav class="container"> <ol id="ye-breadcrumb"> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/index_en.htm" lang="en">Your Europe</a><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li> <li class="ellipsis"><button aria-label="Click to expand" title="Click to expand">…</button><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li> <li><a href="/youreurope/citizens/index_en.htm">Citizens</a><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/index_en.htm">Consumers</a><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li> <li><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/index_en.htm">Internet and telecoms</a><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li> <li>Data protection and online privacy</li> </ol> </nav> </div> <main id="main-content" class="container"> <h1>Data protection and online privacy</h1> <div class="row"> <aside> <nav id="in-page-nav"> <div id="in-page-nav-title">On this page</div> </nav> </aside> <div class="col"> <div id="main-article"> <p> EU data protection rules guarantee the protection of your personal data whenever they are collected – for example, when you buy something online, apply for a job, or request a bank loan. These rules <strong>apply to both companies and organisations (public and private) in the EU and those based outside the EU who offer goods or services in the EU</strong>, such as Facebook or Amazon, whenever these companies request or re-use the personal data of individuals in the EU. </p> <p> It <strong>doesn't matter what format the data takes</strong> – online on a computer system or on paper in a structured file – whenever information directly or indirectly identifying you as an individual is stored or processed, your data protection rights have to be respected. </p> <h2> When is data processing allowed? </h2> <p> EU data protection rules, also known as the EU General Data Protection Regulation (or GDPR), describe different situations where a company or an organisation is <strong>allowed to collect or reuse your personal information</strong>: </p> <ul> <li> they have a contract with you – for example, a contract to supply goods or services (i.e. when you buy something online), or an employee contract </li> <li> they are complying with a legal obligation – for example, when processing your data is a legal requirement, for example when your employer gives information on your monthly salary to the social security authority, so that you have social security cover </li> <li> when data processing is in your vital interests – for example, when this might protect your life </li> <li> to complete a public task – mostly relating to the tasks of public administrations such as schools, hospitals, and municipalities </li> <li> when there are legitimate interests – for example, if your bank uses your personal data to check whether you'd be eligible for a savings account with a higher interest rate </li> </ul> <p> In all other situations, the company or organisation <strong>must ask for your agreement</strong> (known as "consent") before they can collect or reuse your personal data. </p> <h2> No consent, no data processing </h2> <p> When a company or organisation asks for your consent, you <strong>have to make a clear action agreeing</strong> to this, for example by signing a consent form or selecting yes from a clear yes/no option on a webpage. </p> <p> It is not enough to simply opt out, for example by checking a box saying you don't want to receive marketing emails. <strong>You have to opt in </strong>and agree to your personal data being stored and/or re-used for this purpose. </p> <p> You should also be given the following information before you decide to opt in: </p> <ul> <li> information about the company/ organisation that will process your data, including their contact details, and the contact details of the Data Protection Officer (DPO) if there is one </li> <li> the reason why the company /organisation will use your personal data </li> <li> how long they intend to keep your personal data </li> <li> details of any other company or organisation that will receive your personal data </li> <li> information on your data protection rights (access, correction, deletion, complaint, withdrawal of consent) </li> </ul> <p> All this <strong>information should be presented in a clear and understandable</strong> way. </p> <h2> Withdrawing consent to use personal data and the right to object </h2> <p> If you previously gave your consent for a company or organisation to use your personal data, you can contact the data controller (the person or body handling your personal data) and <strong>withdraw your permission</strong> at any time. Once you've withdrawn your permission, the company or organisation can <strong>no longer use your personal data</strong>. </p> <p> When an organisation is processing your personal data on the basis of their own legitimate interest or as part of a task in the public interest or for an official authority, you may have the right to object. In some specific cases, public interest may prevail and the company or organisation may be allowed to continue using your personal data. For example, this could be the case for scientific research and statistics, a task performed as part of the official role of a public authority. </p> <p> For direct marketing emails that promote particular brands or products, your prior consent is required. However, if you are an existing customer of a particular company, they can send you direct marketing emails about their own similar products or services. You have the <strong>right to object at any time</strong> to receiving such direct marketing and the company have to <strong>stop using your data immediately</strong>. </p> <p> In all cases, you should always be given information about the right to object to the use of your personal data the first time that the company or organisation contacts you. </p> <div class="example"> <h4> Sample story </h4> <h5> You can object to your data being used for direct marketing </h5> <p> Anatolios bought two tickets online to see his favourite band play in a live concert. Since buying the tickets, Anatolios started receiving emails with adverts for concerts and events that he wasn't interested in. He contacted the online ticketing company and asked them to stop sending him these advertising emails. The company immediately removed him from their direct marketing lists. Anatolios was happy that he didn't get any more advertising emails from them. </p> </div> <h2> Specific rules for children </h2> <p> If your children want to use online services, such as social media, downloading music or games, they will often <strong>need approval</strong> from you, as their <strong>parent or legal guardian</strong>, as these services use the child's personal data. Your child will no longer need <strong>parental consent</strong> once they're aged over 16 (in some EU countries this age limit might be as low as 13). Controls to check parental consent have to be effective, for example by using a verification message sent to a parent's email address. </p> <h2> Access to your personal data </h2> <p> You can request access to the personal data a company or organisation has about you, and you have the right to get a copy of your data, free of charge, in an accessible format. They should <strong>reply to you within 1 month</strong> and have to <strong>give you a copy of your personal data</strong> and any relevant information about <strong>how the data has been used</strong>, or is being used. </p> <div class="example"> <h4> Sample story </h4> <h5> You have a right to know what data is stored about you and how it's used </h5> <p> Maciej, from Poland, recently subscribed to his local supermarket's loyalty scheme. Shortly after joining the scheme, he noticed he started receiving better discount vouchers for his shopping. He wondered if this was related to the loyalty scheme, so he asked the supermarket's data protection officer to tell him which information was being stored about him and how it was being used. Maciej discovered that the supermarket kept data on the products he bought every week and then was able to give him discounts related to the specific products he liked to buy. </p> </div> <h3> Correcting your personal data </h3> <p> If a company or organisation has stored personal data about you that isn't correct or is missing some information, then you can <strong>ask them to correct or update your data</strong>. </p> <div class="example"> <h4> Sample story </h4> <h5> You have the right to correct incorrect data about yourself </h5> <p> Alison wanted to buy a new house in Ireland and applied for a mortgage from her bank. When completing the registration form, she made a mistake entering her date of birth and the bank registered her age incorrectly in their system. </p> <p> When Alison got the offers for her new mortgage and associated life insurance, she realised the mistake, as her insurance premium was much higher than her current one. She contacted the bank and asked them to correct her personal data in their system. She then received a new version of the insurance offer that correctly indicated her date of birth. </p> </div> <h3> Transferring your personal data (right to data portability) </h3> <p> In certain situations, you can ask a company or organisation to <strong>return your data to you or to transfer it directly to another company</strong>, if this is technically possible. This is known as "data portability". For example, you can use this right if you decide to switch from one service to another similar service – for example moving from one social media site to a new one – and you'd like your personal information to be quickly and easily transferred to the new service. </p> <h3> Deleting your personal data (the right to be forgotten) </h3> <p> If your personal data is no longer needed or is being used unlawfully then you can ask for your data to be erased. This is known as "the right to be forgotten". </p> <p> These <strong>rules also apply to search engines</strong>, such as Google, as they're also considered to be data controllers. You can ask for links to web pages including your name to be removed from search engine results, if the information is inaccurate, inadequate, irrelevant or excessive. </p> <p> If a company has made your personal data available online and you ask for them to be deleted, the company also has to inform <strong>any other websites</strong> where they've been shared that you've asked for your data and links to them to be deleted. </p> <p> To protect other rights, such as freedom of expression, some data may not be automatically deleted. For example, controversial statements made by people in the public eye, might not be deleted if public interest is best served by keeping them online. </p> <div class="example"> <h4> Sample story </h4> <h5> You can ask for your personal data to be deleted and removed from other websites </h5> <p> Alfredo decided he no longer wanted to use any social media, so he deleted his profile from the social media sites he was using. However, a few weeks later he found his old profile photos from his social media accounts were still visible when he looked up his name in an internet search engine. Alfredo contacted the social media companies and asked them to ensure that these photos were removed. When he searched a month later, the photos had indeed been removed and they no longer appeared in the search engine results. </p> </div> <h3> Unauthorised access to your data (data breach) </h3> <p> If your personal information is stolen, lost or illegally accessed – known as a <strong>'personal data breach'</strong> – the data controller (the person or body handling your personal data) must report it to the <a title="national data protection authority" href="https://www.edpb.europa.eu/about-edpb/about-edpb/members_en" data-master-href="https://www.edpb.europa.eu/about-edpb/about-edpb/members_en" data-linkid="7a2b2022-544b-44e3-8512-7794a2020dc6">national data protection authority</a>. The data controller must also inform you directly if there are serious risks related to your personal data or privacy due to the breach. </p> <h2> Making a complaint </h2> <p> If you think your data protection rights have not been respected, you can make a complaint directly to your <a title="national data protection authority" href="https://www.edpb.europa.eu/about-edpb/about-edpb/members_en" data-master-href="https://www.edpb.europa.eu/about-edpb/about-edpb/members_en" data-linkid="7a2b2022-544b-44e3-8512-7794a2020dc6">national data protection authority</a> which will investigate your complaint and give you a response within 3 months. </p> <p> You can also chose to file a case directly in court against the company or organisation concerned instead of first going to your national data protection authority. </p> <p> You <strong>may be entitled to compensation</strong> if you suffer material damage, such as financial loss, or non-material damage, such as psychological distress, due to a company or organisation not respecting EU data protection rules. </p> <h2> What about cookies? </h2> <p> Cookies are small text files that a website asks your browser to store on your computer or mobile device. Cookies are widely used to make websites work more efficiently by saving your preferences. They are also used to follow your internet use as you browse, make user profiles and then display targeted online advertising based on your preferences. </p> <p> Any website wishing to use cookies has to <strong>obtain your consent before installing a cookie</strong> on your computer or mobile device. A website is not allowed to simply inform you that they use cookies, or explain how you can deactivate them. </p> <p> Websites should <strong>explain how the cookie information will be used</strong>. You should also be able to <strong>withdraw your consent</strong>. If you choose to do so, the website still has to provide some sort of <strong>minimum service</strong> for you, for example, providing access to a part of the website. </p> <p> <strong>Not all cookies require your consent</strong>. Cookies used for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication do not require consent. This includes, for example, cookies used for "load balancing" (enabling web server requests to be distributed over a pool of machines instead of just one). Cookies that are strictly necessary to provide an online service that you explicitly requested also do not need consent. This includes, for example, cookies used when you fill in an online form or when you use a shopping basket when shopping online. </p> <h2> See also </h2> <p> <a title="European Data Protection Board" href="https://www.edpb.europa.eu/edpb_en" data-master-href="https://www.edpb.europa.eu/edpb_en" data-linkid="c3faeae7-d32b-48a6-99fd-9cf115b776df">European Data Protection Board</a> </p> </div> <div class="article-related ye-faqs"> <h2>FAQs</h2> <ul> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection/reform/rights-citizens_en">FAQs - Data protection and online privacy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="article-related eu-legislation"> <h2>EU legislation</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2016.119.01.0001.01.ENG&toc=OJ:L:2016:119:TOC" data-linkid="5abbbce7-ebdc-4052-a5e7-9064dc27a4af" title="EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)">EU General Data Protection Regulation <span class="label-end"><span>(GDPR)</span><svg focusable="false" aria-label="Open as an external link"> <title>Open as an external link</title> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#external"></use></svg></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32009L0136" data-linkid="3fc404fa-bcf3-4acd-b5c5-f4e43e62b1aa" title="EU Directive on privacy and electronic communications">EU Directive on privacy and electronic <span class="label-end"><span>communications</span><svg focusable="false" aria-label="Open as an external link"> <title>Open as an external link</title> <use href="/youreurope/citizens/images/ecl/ecl-eu-icons.svg#external"></use></svg></span></a></li> </ul> </div>  <div class="article-related"> <h2>Need support from assistance services?</h2> <p>Get in touch with specialised assistance services</p><button id="advice-button" class="standard arrow toggle">Get help and advice<span><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> 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