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the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> 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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=.com" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=.com" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=.com" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">.com</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 69 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Com." title="Com. – อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="Com." data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE" title=".কম – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title=".কম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เชเชน" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="เชเชน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เอกซ์เตรมาดูรา" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="เอกซ์เตรมาดูรา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – โวโร" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="โวโร" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – อีโด" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="อีโด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ลอมบาร์ด" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ลอมบาร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เมารี" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="เมารี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – พม่า" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="พม่า" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – มาซันดารานี" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="มาซันดารานี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – อ็อกซิตัน" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="อ็อกซิตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ซาคา" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ซาคา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – สกอตส์" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="สกอตส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ซุนดา" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ซุนดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%B9_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ڈاٹ کام – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈاٹ کام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159371#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/.com" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:.com" rel="discussion" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/.com"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/.com"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/.com" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/.com" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&oldid=11597514" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=.com&id=11597514&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F.com"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F.com"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=.com"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=.com&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:.com" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159371" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9751016">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">บทความนี้<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่คงชื่อภาษาอื่น">มีชื่อเป็นภาษาอื่น หรือใช้อักษรในภาษาอื่น</a> เนื่องจากคงไว้ตามต้นฉบับ</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>com</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:DotCom.svg" class="mw-file-description" title=".com"><img alt=".com" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/DotCom.svg/250px-DotCom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/DotCom.svg/375px-DotCom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/DotCom.svg/500px-DotCom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2260" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">เริ่มใช้</th><td>1 มกราคม 1985<span class="noprint">; 39 ปีก่อน</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1985-01-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จดทะเบียนชื่อโดเมน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">จดทะเบียน</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Verisign" class="mw-redirect" title="Verisign">Verisign</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ผู้สนับสนุน</th><td>ไม่มี</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">จุดมุ่งหมายการใช้งาน</th><td>เชิง<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="พาณิชย์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">พาณิชย์</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">การใช้งานจริง</th><td>ใช้สำหรับวัตถุประสงค์ทั่วไป และได้รับการยอมรับอย่างกว้างขวางว่าเป็นมาตรฐานสำหรับ TLD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ข้อจำกัดการจดทะเบียน</th><td>ไม่มี</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">โครงสร้าง</th><td>ดำเนินการลงทะเบียนในระดับที่สอง</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">เอกสาร</th><td><a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc920">RFC 920</a>; <a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1591">RFC 1591</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/tlds/agreements/verisign/com-index.htm">ICANN registry agreement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">นโยบายระงับข้อพิพาท</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=UDRP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UDRP (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">UDRP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ดีเอ็นเอสเซก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ดีเอ็นเอสเซก</a></th><td>ใช่</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ชื่อโดเมนสากล (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">IDN</a></th><td>ใช่</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">เว็บไซต์จดทะเบียน</th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verisign.com/domain-names/com-domain-names/">Verisign.com Registry</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>.com</b> เป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94" title="โดเมนระดับบนสุดตามหมวด">โดเมนระดับบนสุดตามหมวด</a> (gTLD) ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ระบบการตั้งชื่อโดเมน">ระบบการตั้งชื่อโดเมน</a>บน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95" title="อินเทอร์เน็ต">อินเทอร์เน็ต</a> ย่อมาจากคำว่า commercial แสดงถึงวัตถุประสงค์ในตอนเริ่มแรกว่าใช้สำหรับเครือข่ายที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการพาณิชย์โดยทั่วไป ในปัจจุบันไม่มีกฎข้อบังคับเกี่ยวกับผู้ขอจัดตั้งชื่อโดเมน (จดโดเมน) .com ดังนั้นบุคคล บริษัท องค์กร หรือกลุ่มบุคคลใด ๆ ก็สามารถจดโดเมนที่เป็น .com ได้ ปัจจุบัน .com เป็นโดเมนที่มีการใช้งานมากที่สุด<sup id="cite_ref-vreport_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vreport-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>โดเมน .com เริ่มแรกดูแลจัดการโดย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="กระทรวงกลาโหมแห่งสหรัฐอเมริกา">กระทรวงกลาโหมแห่งสหรัฐอเมริกา</a> แต่ปัจจุบันนี้บริหารงานโดย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="เวอริไซน์">เวอริไซน์</a> การจดทะเบียน .com สามารถกระทำผ่านผู้รับจดทะเบียนที่ได้รับรองโดย<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="บรรษัทอินเทอร์เน็ตว่าด้วยการกำหนดชื่อและหมายเลข (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">บรรษัทอินเทอร์เน็ตว่าด้วยการกำหนดชื่อและหมายเลข</a> (ICANN) ชื่อที่จดทะเบียนจะได้รับการยอมรับให้เป็นชื่อโดเมนสากล </p><p>โดเมน .com เป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94" title="โดเมนระดับบนสุดตามหมวด">โดเมนระดับบนสุดตามหมวด</a> ที่มีขึ้นเป็นครั้งแรกในปี ค.ศ. 1985 พร้อม ๆ กันกับ <a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a>, <a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">.org</a>, <a href="/wiki/.gov" title=".gov">.gov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=.mil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".mil (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.mil</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=.arpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".arpa (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.arpa</a> และ <a href="/wiki/.edu" title=".edu">.edu</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vreport-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-vreport_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verisigninc.com/en_US/why-verisign/research-trends/domain-name-industry-brief/index.xhtml">"The Domain Industry Brief"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Domain+Industry+Brief&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verisigninc.com%2Fen_US%2Fwhy-verisign%2Fresearch-trends%2Fdomain-name-industry-brief%2Findex.xhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span id=".E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.82.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B7.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.99"></span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/root-whois/com.htm">IANA .com whois information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verisigninc.com/en_US/products-and-services/domain-name-services/find-registrar/index.xhtml">List of .com accredited registrars</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verisigninc.com/en_US/products-and-services/domain-name-services/whois/index.xhtml">.com WhoIS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icann.org/resources/agreement/com-2012-12-01-en">.com Registry Agreement</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=ICANN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICANN (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ICANN</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10552737">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="โดเมนระดับบนสุดตามหมวด" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94" title="โดเมนระดับบนสุดตามหมวด">โดเมนระดับบนสุดตามหมวด</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ปัจจุบัน</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12%;">ทั่วไป</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.biz" title=".biz">.biz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.info" title=".info">.info</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".name (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.pro" title=".pro">.pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12%;">ผู้สนับสนุน</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.aero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".aero (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.asia" title=".asia">.asia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.cat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".cat (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.cat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.coop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".coop (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.coop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.edu" title=".edu">.edu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gov" title=".gov">.gov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.int&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".int (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.int</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.jobs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".jobs (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.mil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".mil (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.mil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.mobi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".mobi (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.mobi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".museum (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.tel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".tel (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.tel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.travel" title=".travel">.travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.xxx" title=".xxx">.xxx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12%;">โครงสร้างพื้นฐาน</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.arpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".arpa (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.arpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12%;">ถูกลบ/ยกเลิก</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.nato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".nato (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.nato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12%;">ถูกสงวนไว้</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.example&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".example (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.example</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.invalid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".invalid (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.invalid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.localhost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".localhost (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.localhost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.test" title=".test">.test</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12%;">โดเมนเทียม</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.bitnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".bitnet (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.bitnet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.csnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".csnet (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.csnet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.local&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".local (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.local</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.root&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".root (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.root</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.uucp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".uucp (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.uucp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".onion (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.onion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".onion (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.exit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">รออนุมัติ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12%;">สถานที่</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".berlin (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.lat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".lat (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.lat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.nyc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".nyc (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.nyc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.bcn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".bcn (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.bcn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".paris (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12%;">ภาษา/เชื้อชาติ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.bzh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".bzh (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.bzh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.cym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".cym (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.cym</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.eus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".eus (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.eus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.gal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".gal (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.gal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.lli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".lli (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.lli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.scot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".scot (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.scot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.sic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".sic (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.sic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12%;">เทคนิค</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.geo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".geo (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.geo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.mail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".mail (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.mail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12%;">อื่น ๆ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.kids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".kids (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.kids</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.post&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".post (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.post</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.shop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".shop (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.shop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".web (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.web</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.eco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".eco (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">.eco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".music 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