CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/xmlrpc.php"> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5001128073855040" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <title>Latin (Lingua Latina) – Omniglot Blog</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.addtoany.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Omniglot Blog » Feed" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?feed=rss2" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Omniglot Blog » Comments Feed" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?feed=comments-rss2" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Omniglot Blog » Latin (Lingua Latina) Category Feed" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?feed=rss2&cat=15" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='plyr-css-css' href='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/plugins/easy-video-player/lib/plyr.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='heidi-style-css' href='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/themes/heidi/style.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='heidi-style-sidebar-css' href='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/themes/heidi/layouts/content-sidebar.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='heidi-gf-opensans-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A400%2C700%2C400italic&ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='heidi-gf-librebaskerville-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Libre+Baskerville%3A400%2C700&ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/themes/heidi/fontawesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='addtoany-css' href='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.css?ver=1.16' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="addtoany-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};a2a_localize = { Share: "Share", Save: "Save", Subscribe: "Subscribe", Email: "Email", Bookmark: "Bookmark", ShowAll: "Show All", ShowLess: "Show less", FindServices: "Find service(s)", FindAnyServiceToAddTo: "Instantly find any service to add to", PoweredBy: "Powered by", ShareViaEmail: "Share via email", SubscribeViaEmail: "Subscribe via email", BookmarkInYourBrowser: "Bookmark in your browser", BookmarkInstructions: "Press Ctrl+D or \u2318+D to bookmark this page", AddToYourFavorites: "Add to your favourites", SendFromWebOrProgram: "Send from any email address or email program", EmailProgram: "Email program", More: "More…", ThanksForSharing: "Thanks for sharing!", ThanksForFollowing: "Thanks for following!" }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" id="addtoany-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.js?ver=1.1" id="addtoany-jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="plyr-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var easy_video_player = {"plyr_iconUrl":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/wp-content\/plugins\/easy-video-player\/lib\/plyr.svg","plyr_blankVideo":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/wp-content\/plugins\/easy-video-player\/lib\/blank.mp4"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/plugins/easy-video-player/lib/plyr.js?ver=6.7.2" id="plyr-js-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/index.php?rest_route=/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/index.php?rest_route=/wp/v2/categories/15" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" />  <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({ google_ad_client: "ca-pub-5001128073855040", enable_page_level_ads: true }); </script>  <style type="text/css"> /* Navigation Links */ .main-navigation a { color: #ffff66; border-bottom: 2px solid #ffff66; } @media screen and (min-width: 37.5em) { .main-navigation a { border-bottom: none; } } /* Navigation Links - Hover */ .main-navigation a:hover, .main-navigation a:focus { color: #e5204e; } .site-footer a:hover, .site-footer a:focus { color: #e5204e; } /* Main Color */ .content-area a, .content-area a:visited { color: #0000cc; } .site-header, .main-navigation ul ul, .site-footer { background: #0000cc; } /* Main Accent */ .sticky .entry-header { border-top-color: #003300; } .sticky .entry-footer { border-bottom-color: #003300; } .sticky a { color: #003300; } blockquote { border-left-color: #003300; } .more-link { background: #003300; } .hentry h1 a, .posted-on a, .more-link:hover, .more-link:focus { color: #003300; } /* Main Text */ body, button, input, select, textarea { color: #000000; } /* Posts Background */ .hentry, .comments-area { background: #ffffff; } /* Posts Accent */ .entry-footer, .comment-body, .post-thumbnail-wrap, table, pre { background: #ffff93; } /* Entry Footer Text */ .entry-footer { color: #cc0000; } /* Posts Border */ .hentry, .comments-area { border-color: #000033; } /* Sticky Posts */ .sticky, blockquote { background: #ffffff!important; } /* Sticky Accent */ .sticky .entry-footer, .sticky blockquote, .site-main thead { background: #ffcc00!important; } /* Sidebar Color */ .widget-area, .date_with_link:hover, .page-title { background: #000033; } .widget_calendar td > a, .widget_calendar td > a:focus, .sticky a:hover, .sticky a:focus, a:hover, a:focus, a:active { color: #000033; } @media all and (min-width: 1024px) { .widget-area { background: transparent; } .widget { background: #000033; } } /* Sidebar Text */ .widget-area { color: #ffcc00; } /* Sidebar Links */ .widget-area a { color: #ffff66; } /* Sidebar Links - Hover */ .widget-area a:hover, .widget-area a:focus { color: #ffcc00; } /* Footer Text */ .site-footer { color: #ffff00; } </style> <style type="text/css"> .site-title a, .site-description { color: #ffcc00; } </style> <style type="text/css" id="custom-background-css"> body.custom-background { background-color: #6699cc; } </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/omniglot_logo2-150x150.gif" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/omniglot_logo2-300x298.gif" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/omniglot_logo2-300x298.gif" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/omniglot_logo2.gif" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> table { background: #FFF; border: 1px solid #699; border-collapse: collapse; } tr:nth-of-type(odd) { background: #FFC } th { background: #033; color: #FF0; font-weight: bold; text-align: left } th, td { padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #699 } th a { color: #FFFF00; text-decoration: none } th a:hover { color: #FFFF00; text-decoration: underline } </style> </head> <body class="archive category category-latin category-15 custom-background"> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" role="banner" class="site-header header-background-image" style="background-image: url(https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/header_blog.jpg)"> <div class="site-branding"> <h1 class="site-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/" rel="home">Omniglot Blog</a></h1> <h2 class="site-description">Adventures in the world of words and language</h2> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" role="navigation"> <button id="menu-button" class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false">Primary Menu</button> <div id="primary-menu" class="menu"><ul> <li class="page_item page-item-16"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?page_id=16">About</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-8991"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?page_id=8991">Contact</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1391"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?page_id=1391">Favourite words</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-22046"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?page_id=22046">Language Quiz</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-782"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?page_id=782">Links</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-787"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?page_id=787">My languages</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <header class="page-header"> <h1 class="page-title">Category: <span>Latin (Lingua Latina)</span></h1> </header> <article id="post-23958" class="post-23958 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-danish category-faroese category-french category-galician category-german category-icelandic category-italian category-language category-latin category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba category-norwegian category-portuguese category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-italic category-proto-west-germanic category-spanish category-swedish category-words-and-phrases tag-chubascos tag-english tag-etymology tag-language tag-omniglot tag-pluvious tag-rain tag-showers tag-spanish tag-squalls tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23958" rel="bookmark">Squally Showers</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23958" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2025-03-26T15:52:09+00:00">26 March 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>One of the words that came up in my Spanish lessons recently was <strong>chubascos</strong>, which it translated as (rain) <strong>showers</strong>. I wondered where it comes from, and thought I’d investigate.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/ricardo_sanchez_berbegal/9361887718/in/photolist-fgh84d-FpzUKX-tmuDAh-basP5r-PKa7FC-2cEMe2y-2HNpvW-oH6HAF-CLodvg-2HNpw5-2i1DJ5R-2HJc7F-FHSBai-25o7jkP-2HNpwu-2HNpwE-2HJc7a-2HNpwo-2HJc7r-FHSyS2-UwhhGG-2i1DDsu-Ubxm2q-2i1G5gS-Tu7tsG" title="Chubasco."><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/2822/9361887718_3e2a7bae05_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Chubasco."/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>In Spanish, <strong>chubasco</strong> [tʃuˈβ̞as.ko] means downpour, squall, heavy shower, setback or a rain shower, particularly one associated with heavy wind. In nautical usage, it refers to a dark cloud which suddenly appears in the horizon, potentially foretelling rough sailing conditions [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chubasco#Spanish">source</a>]. </p> <p>Related expressions include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>chubascos dispersos</strong> = scattered showers</li> <li><strong>chubasquero</strong> = a waterproof raincoat</li> <li><strong>aguantar el chubasco</strong> = to weather the storm</li> </ul> <p><strong>Chubasco</strong> comes from Portuguese <strong>chuvasco</strong> (downpour, shower), or from Galician <strong>chuvasco</strong> (downpour, shower), which both come from Old Galician-Portuguese <em>chuvia</em> (rain), from Latin <em>pluvia</em> (rain, a shower), from <em>pluit</em> (to rain, be raining), from Proto-Italic <em>*plowō</em>, from Proto-Indo-European <em>*plew-</em> (to flow, float, wash) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chuvasco#Portuguese">source</a>].</p> <p>The word <strong>chubasco</strong> [tʃuːˈbɑːskəʊ] also exists in English and refers to a violent squall with thunder and lightning, encountered during the rainy season along the Pacific coast of Central America and South America. It was borrowed from Spanish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chubasco#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>chuva</strong> (rain) in Portuguese, <strong>choiva</strong> (rain) in Galician, <strong>lluvia</strong> (rain, rainfall, stream, barrage, shower, spray) in Spanish, and <strong>pioggia</strong> (rain, shower) in Italian <strong>pluie</strong> (rain) in French, and <strong>pluvious</strong> (involving or related to rain, rainy) in English [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pluvia#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>By the way, someone who loves rain, and/or finds joy and peace of mind during rainy days, or an organism that thrives in a rainy environment is a <strong>pluviophile</strong> and is <strong>pluviophilious</strong>, and another name for a rain gauge is a <strong>pluvioscope</strong> [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pluvio-#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Other rain-related words in Spanish include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>llover</strong> = to rain</li> <li><strong>llovedizo</strong> = rain, leaky</li> <li><strong>llovizna</strong> = drizzle</li> <li><strong>lloviznar</strong> = to drizzle, mizzle</li> <li><strong>lluvioso</strong> = rainy</li> <li><strong>pluvioso</strong> = rainy, pluvious</li> <li><strong>pluvial</strong> = rain, pluvial (of, pertaining to, or produced by rain)</li> </ul> <p>Incidentally, the English word <strong>rain</strong> comes from Middle English <em>reyn</em> (rain, shower), from Old English <em>reġn</em> (rain), from Proto-West Germanic <em>*regn</em> (rain), from Proto-Germanic <em>*regną</em> (rain), possibly from pre-Germanic <em>*Hréǵ-no-</em>, from Proto-Indo-European <em>*Hreǵ-</em> (to flow). It’s cognate with <strong>Regen</strong> (rain) in German, <strong>regn</strong> (rain) in Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish, <strong>rõki</strong> (drizzling rain) in Lithuanian, and <strong>regar</strong> (irrigate, water, scatter, hose, ruin) in Spanish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rain#English">source</a>].</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23958" data-a2a-title="Squally Showers"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23958&linkname=Squally%20Showers" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23958&linkname=Squally%20Showers" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23958&linkname=Squally%20Showers" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=100" rel="category">Danish (dansk)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=108" rel="category">Faroese (Føroyskt)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=111" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=113" rel="category">Galician (Galego)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=116" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=124" rel="category">Icelandic (Íslenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=128" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=10" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=15" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=170" rel="category">Lithuanian (lietuvių kalba)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=31" rel="category">Norwegian (norsk)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=41" rel="category">Portuguese (português)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=44" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=45" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=46" rel="category">Proto-Italic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=202" rel="category">Proto-West-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=64" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=67" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=78" rel="category">Words and phrases</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=chubascos" rel="tag">chubascos</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=english" rel="tag">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=pluvious" rel="tag">pluvious</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=rain" rel="tag">rain</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=showers" rel="tag">showers</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=spanish" rel="tag">spanish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=squalls" rel="tag">squalls</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=words" rel="tag">Words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23958#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-23930" class="post-23930 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-german category-icelandic category-italian category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-old-english-aenglisc category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-swedish category-welsh tag-ascend tag-clamber tag-climb tag-descend tag-english tag-etymology tag-language tag-omniglot tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23930" rel="bookmark">Go Climb a Tree</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23930" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-03-05T16:18:49+00:00">5 March 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-03-05T16:18:50+00:00">5 March 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Was the <strong>b</strong> in <strong>climb</strong> ever pronounced? Or was it added by interfering busybodies to make it more like a Latin root? Is it related to <strong>clamber</strong>? Let’s find out.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/blacktigersdream/31648592943/in/photolist-QdFj4z-2n1g33R-2mPKX8b-2cLZHgn-2hEirpq-2kXPj7R-FF8tmo-2pQ2GWu-2pEPdQJ-Hp52K6-TqBLoL-2mKPMkJ-NygmKy-24tyoig-4Szqze-Lktj4b-uND2yA-2kRCHXd-2mgZj1z-FG7e29-2ocYFjW-2kuwtY8-CjnFML-5Dw5bZ-2n2ebNF-7uTLs3-F3vADm-FUqNrj-2jjXAtv-X91png-sXiXr-2i67fft-Gvy7wW-2nymLGX-2nDV5pB-2p7HYSE-GGWt9d-6odcT-7VQMWc-2qChDJ6-2i66dAH-2pkppDT-2ou8xHy-F3vADG-2omMX5s-QTpaBh-Mgock4-2i63PCz-2nKr7RX-2kP6mr4" title="Climbing wildcat"><img decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/280/31648592943_0753128e25_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Climbing wildcat"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Climb</strong> comes from Middle English <em>climben</em> [ˈkliːmbən] (to scale, scale, soar, extend, reach), from Old English <em>climban</em> [ˈklim.bɑn] (to climb), from Proto-West Germanic <em>*klimban</em> (to climb), from Proto-Germanic <em>*klimbaną</em> [ˈklim.bɑ.nɑ̃] (to climb), possibly from <em>*klibaną/*klibāną</em> (to stick, cleave), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*gleybʰ-</em> (to stick, cling to) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/climb#English">source</a>]. </p> <p>So the <strong>b</strong> was pronounced in Middle and Old English, and maybe it became silent when the word lost its <em>en</em> ending. </p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>climbing</strong>, <strong>cleave</strong>, <strong>cliff</strong> and maybe <strong>clamber</strong> in English, <strong>klimmen</strong> (to climb) and <strong>kleven</strong> (to stick, glue, be sticky) in Dutch, <strong>kleben</strong> (to glue, stick) in German, and <strong>klífa</strong> (to climb) in Icelandic [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gleyb%CA%B0-">source</a>].</p> <p>A word for <strong>to climb</strong> in Latin was <em>scandere / scandō</em>, which also means to ascend, mount or clamber. It comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*skend-</em> (to jump, dart, scale, scan). Words from the same roots include <strong>ascend</strong>, <strong>descend</strong>, <strong>transcend</strong>, <strong>scale</strong>, <strong>scan</strong>, and possibly <strong>scandal</strong> and <strong>slander</strong> in English, <strong>ascendere</strong> (to go up, ascend, rise) in Italian, <strong>skandera</strong> (to chant) in Swedish, and <strong>esgyn</strong> (to ascend) in Welsh [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scando#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>One of the tunes that was played at the music session I went to last night is called <em>If you do not love me, go climb a tree</em> (it may have other names) and goes something like this:</p>  <audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-23930-1" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="http://www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/Ifyoudonotlovemegoclimbatree.mp3?_=1" /><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/Ifyoudonotlovemegoclimbatree.mp3">http://www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/Ifyoudonotlovemegoclimbatree.mp3</a></audio> <p>It inspired me to write this post. If you recognise the tune and know it by another name, do let me know.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23930" data-a2a-title="Go Climb a Tree"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23930&linkname=Go%20Climb%20a%20Tree" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23930&linkname=Go%20Climb%20a%20Tree" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23930&linkname=Go%20Climb%20a%20Tree" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=102" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=104" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=107" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=116" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=124" rel="category">Icelandic (Íslenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=128" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=10" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=15" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=26" rel="category">Middle English (Inglis)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=33" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=44" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=45" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=202" rel="category">Proto-West-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=67" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=77" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=ascend" rel="tag">ascend</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=clamber" rel="tag">clamber</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=climb" rel="tag">climb</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=descend" rel="tag">descend</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=english" rel="tag">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=words" rel="tag">Words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23930#comments">1 Comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-23882" class="post-23882 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-ancient-greek- category-english category-etymology category-french category-german category-greek category-italian category-language category-latin category-polish category-proto-celtic category-spanish category-words-and-phrases tag-english tag-etymology tag-hydraulic tag-idraulico tag-italian tag-language tag-omniglot tag-plumber tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23882" rel="bookmark">Hydraulic Plumbers</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23882" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2025-01-30T17:08:09+00:00">30 January 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>A lot of the words in Italian are similar to words in Spanish, French or other Romance languages I know, but quite often I come across a word that doesn’t seem familiar at all. For example, <strong>idraulico</strong> (plumber) – a bit different from <strong>plombier</strong> in French, <strong>plomero</strong> in Spanish.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/165290475@N05/29764490768/in/photolist-QjNNQX-MmbN8j-BQhB5Y-cc2eph-4Hwd21-2oirUdg-h1F4wu-2pZDUmK-9phXPZ-DTN1ZP-28xogqb-6z8mHo-4Sfxbi-XV5hvT-262j3NE-dug8hp-DskAby-9eja1G-XjWMYE-dumJrb-8FPnBT-WEW6QW-ZHyfBy-7dSUy-9UTPdo-YxCvQA-2fQ9MLG-hjX93m-EWWWUG-2oVUL5B-BQeyob-4qpF69-djwAWJ-2eSLmdm-2aqFcgw-dumGrQ-YWgyVD-djwDaj-XZiEhr-XB1wEC-9UQBXB-c8HQwS-59NLyi-kNbttT-BQfrX3-GdcmAy-26YRSCF-73hhfU-66YN8h-djwDin" title="Idraulico Livorno"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/936/29764490768_fcffc1fc1e_z.jpg" width="640" height="425" alt="Idraulico Livorno"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Idraulico</strong> [iˈdraw.li.ko] means plumber, plumbing or hydraulic in Italian. It comes from Latin <em>hydraulicus</em>, from Ancient Greek <em>ὑδραυλικός</em> (hudraulikós – of a water organ), from <em>ὕδραυλις</em> (húdraulis – water organ), from <em>ὕδωρ</em> (húdōr – water) and‎ <em>αὐλός</em> (aulós – pipe) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/idraulico">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>hydraulic</strong>, <strong>hydrate</strong> and <strong>hydrofoil</strong> in English, <strong>hydraulique</strong> (hydraulic) in French, and <strong>υδραυλικός</strong> (ydravlikós – plumber, hydraulic engineer, hydraulic) in Greek, <strong>hydraulik</strong> (plumber) in Polish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%91%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek">source</a>].</p> <p>The French word <strong>plombier</strong> (plumber, plumbing), the Spanish word <strong>plomero</strong> (plumber, plumbing), and the English words <strong>plumber</strong> and <strong>plumbing</strong>, all come from Latin <em>plumbārius</em> (plumber, of or pertaining to lead), from <em>plumbum</em> (lead [metal], pipe of lead), possibly from Ancient Greek <em>μόλυβδος</em> (mólubdos – lead), or from Proto-Celtic <em>*ɸloudom</em> (lead) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plumbarius#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words from the same roots include <strong>piombo</strong> (lead, grey, bullet), <strong>piombino</strong> ([lead] seal, sinker [weight], plummet) in Italian, <strong>plomb</strong> (lead [metal], fuse, sinker [fishing weight]) in French, <strong>Plombe</strong> (seal, lead seal [dental] filling) in German, and <strong>plwm</strong> (lead, leaden) in Welsh [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plumbum#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>The Spanish word <strong>plomero</strong> is used for plumber in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Venezuela and Uruguay. Other Spanish words for <strong>plumber</strong> include: <strong>fontanero</strong> in Spain, Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, <strong>gásfiter</strong> in Chile, <strong>gasfitero</strong> in Ecuador and Peru, and <strong>tubero</strong> in the Philippines [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plumber">source</a>].</p> <p>Are there interesting words for <strong>plumber</strong> in other languages?</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23882" data-a2a-title="Hydraulic Plumbers"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23882&linkname=Hydraulic%20Plumbers" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23882&linkname=Hydraulic%20Plumbers" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23882&linkname=Hydraulic%20Plumbers" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=179" rel="category">Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνική)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=104" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=107" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=111" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=116" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=118" rel="category">Greek (ελληνικά)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=128" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=10" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=15" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=39" rel="category">Polish (polski)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=43" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=64" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=78" rel="category">Words and phrases</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=english" rel="tag">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=hydraulic" rel="tag">hydraulic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=idraulico" rel="tag">idraulico</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=italian" rel="tag">Italian</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=plumber" rel="tag">plumber</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=words" rel="tag">Words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23882#comments">4 Comments</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-23838" class="post-23838 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-ancient-greek- category-english category-etymology category-french category-greek category-italian category-language category-late-latin category-latin category-proto-indo-european category-proto-italic category-spanish category-words-and-phrases tag-english tag-etymology tag-italian tag-language tag-noodles tag-omniglot tag-pasta tag-paste tag-pasto tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23838" rel="bookmark">Pasting Meals</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23838" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-01-07T18:25:12+00:00">7 January 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-01-07T21:30:46+00:00">7 January 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The Italian words <strong>pasto</strong> and <strong>pasta</strong> look and sound similar, but are they related? Let’s find out.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/micurs/10411961135/in/photolist-gS52ii-L5cdM-Qjtfth-XQGMgh-S8gvnm-7h4GMp-jsfA63-6BTDxV-Znngr3-RRTpdf-YzKmaN-cNqEBh-SrGBQc-JTybdM-Wtj4dq-ZYtJue-Qztqa1-2dTxicb-2aGMcfa-ScRZWQ-Nux5V1-ZXRfpZ-8s8SCL-23PdJ2S-afTE8U-2aCnosy-e3d8Af-28aGWHz-R9ZaP9-SrGBNi-RRTpwb-TQSmBk-Q27y2w-S44UEy-DvPW7f-RRTptf-5urdtx-23ezKy4-YUgZAN-jT1Jh8-28TXycp-beP92v-dnzqZf-RRTpqj-doPNPh-7UKCTB-V2PZ9h-4GT3vh-afQUqt-ZdxGkQ/" title="ristorante italiano in NYC"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/3766/10411961135_b9bd88cb71_z.jpg" width="640" height="424" alt="ristorante italiano in NYC"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Pasto</strong> [ˈpa.sto] means meal, and comes from Latin <em>pāstus</em> (fed, nourished, consumed, pastured, satiated, satisfied), from <em>pāscor</em> (to feed oneself, to eat, graze, feed, nourish, pasture, browse, from Proto-Italiac <em>*pāskōr</em> (I am fed, driven to pasture) from Proto-Indo-European <em>*peh₂-</em> (to protect, ward, shepherd) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pasto#Italian">source</a>]. </p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>feed</strong>, <strong>fodder</strong>, <strong>food</strong>, <strong>pasture</strong> and <strong>repast</strong> in English, <strong>paître</strong> (to graze), <strong>repas</strong> (meal), and possibly <strong>pain</strong> (bread) in French, <strong>pascere</strong> (to graze) in Italian, and <strong>pasto</strong> (pasture, lawn, grass) in Spanish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ser%E1%B8%B1-">source</a>].</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/5thluna/4685345629/in/photolist-427cyB-8J6Qsp-di4eJ-7zmerA-6avgsY-7McqL8-d3Xxv3-225V4f-bW5Jq3-9c1Yp7-89kvDK-892C2c-aSW13e-8DMgCP-8hzbmJ-8dqXNd-pUZxaV-dDW8qB-7zhsEp-boCj8Q-9Y8rxw-8fNafG-Gdqr9o-9YPia9-65Sjde-6PHfPy-2KJHkL-6oZ7Za-kh2Av-6dbDKQ-reBgAb-bkfwpd-9HZ5p-gmcTX-44P2Q-h4gZKE-5o4jkB-4VewFV-du4quF-5dYiJT-bpssNS-Nfs3e-frZTU-5xNNpt-jegWp2-4jyUT4-5MdXYe-e5MrL1-boJsMv-6E2Pp3" title="Pasta"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/4012/4685345629_7a672c1667_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Pasta"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Pasta</strong> [ˈpa.sta] in Italian means dough, pastry, pasta, cake or paste, and can also refer to the nature or mo(u)ld of a person, e.g. sone tutt’e due delle stessa pasta = they’re both cast from the same mo(u)ld [<a href="https://dictionary.reverso.net/italian-english/pasta">source</a>]. </p> <p>Here are some examples of how the word <strong>pasta</strong> is used in Italian:</p> <ul> <li><strong>pasta in brodo</strong> = noodle soup</li> <li><strong>pasta fatta in casa</strong> = home-made pasta</li> <li><strong>pasta frolla</strong> = shortcrust pastry</li> <li><strong>pasta sfoglia</strong> = puff pastry</li> <li><strong>pasta all’uovo</strong> = egg pasta</li> <li><strong>pasta dentifricia</strong> = toothpaste</li> <li><strong>pasta di mandorle</strong> = almond paste</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Late Latin <em>pasta</em> (paste, pasta), from Ancient Greek <em>παστά</em> (pastá – barley porridge), from <em>παστός</em> (pastós – sprinkled with salt), from <em>πάσσω</em> (pássō – to sprinkle), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*(s)kʷeh₁t-</em> (to shake). </p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>παστός</strong> (pastós – salted, preserved with salt, corned) in Greek, <strong>quash</strong> (to defeat decisively, suppress, void) in English, <strong>quassare</strong> (to shake, agitate) in Italian, <strong>casser</strong> (to break) in French, and , <strong>cascar</strong> (to crack, split) in Spanish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pasta#Italian">source</a>].</p> <p>In British English, <strong>pasta</strong> refers to Italian pasta, that is, dough made from wheat and water and sometimes mixed with egg and formed into various shapes; often sold in dried form and typically boiled for eating [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pasta#Italian">source</a>]. Types of Italian pasta include <strong>calamarata</strong>, <strong>cannelloni</strong>, <strong>farfalle</strong>, <strong>fettuccine</strong>, <strong>fusilli</strong>, <strong>gnocchi</strong>, <strong>lasagne</strong>, <strong>linguine</strong>, <strong>macaroni</strong>, <strong>orecchie d’asini</strong>, <strong>orecchiette</strong>, <strong>penne</strong>, <strong>radiatori</strong>, <strong>spaghetti</strong>, <strong>tagliatelle</strong>, <strong>tortellini</strong>, <strong>vesuvio</strong>, <strong>and vermicelli</strong> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pasta">source</a>].</p> <p>One of those types of pasta I made up. Do you know which one?</p> <p>In American English, the word <strong>noodle(s)</strong> apparently can refer both to Italian pasta, and Asia noodles, while in the UK, <strong>noodle(s)</strong> normally only refers to Asia noodles, such as Japanese ramen. What about in other varieties of English?</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23838" data-a2a-title="Pasting Meals"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23838&linkname=Pasting%20Meals" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23838&linkname=Pasting%20Meals" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23838&linkname=Pasting%20Meals" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=179" rel="category">Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνική)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=104" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=107" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=111" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=118" rel="category">Greek (ελληνικά)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=128" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=10" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=302" rel="category">Late Latin</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=15" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=45" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=46" rel="category">Proto-Italic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=64" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=78" rel="category">Words and phrases</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=english" rel="tag">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=italian" rel="tag">Italian</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=noodles" rel="tag">noodles</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=pasta" rel="tag">pasta</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=paste" rel="tag">paste</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=pasto" rel="tag">pasto</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=words" rel="tag">Words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23838#comments">6 Comments</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-23828" class="post-23828 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-anglo-norman category-asturian-asturianu category-chavacano category-chinese category-danish category-english category-esperanto category-etymology category-finnish category-french category-galician category-german category-irish category-italian category-japanese category-language category-late-latin category-latin category-manx category-middle-english category-old-french category-portuguese category-proto-indo-european category-romanian category-russian category-scottish-gaelic category-spanish category-swedish category-tagalog category-welsh category-words-and-phrases tag-etymology tag-language tag-omniglot tag-sartorial tag-sastre tag-tailor"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23828" rel="bookmark">Satorial Tailoring</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23828" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2025-01-01T18:19:30+00:00">1 January 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>What links the word <strong>satorial</strong> with the words <strong>tailor</strong> in various languages? Let’s find out.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/cjuhlin/8705714004/in/photolist-egi4tj-pd3tXY-81MpTy-82d1Lj-q2JYM-4WhxDE-q2JYB-uhD2dM-bkpL3q-uziTGH-q2KrB-uyE3xW-4WhxH3-4SRrLJ-uhuRCE-q2JyR-4SMcWe-q2JYy-q2JyE-4SRs6o-4SMcEZ-4SMd3Z-4SRrZG-Sfmdxc-2oiFwda-YU9oQP-pUEMZ-8zYhQ3-2k9s4em-bkpSYQ-2hBCdaP-q2KrC-8Xzq2y-78mjGm-qjwsdn-rkCM7x-f8GEs-bvBs3e-4XBBy1-atvnG7-27xQDYU-CHRGEf-2jvJ3eB-8SxUdg-7mJP2C-4WhxLL-4DHoJK-BKnYDv-axi3L4-5yo4ur" title="PenHaligon's Sartorial"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/8139/8705714004_03b290bf20_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="PenHaligon's Sartorial"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The word <strong>sartorial</strong> means:</p> <ul> <li>Of or relating to the tailoring of clothing.</li> <li>Of or relating to the quality of dress.</li> <li>Of or relating to the sartorius muscle ( a long muscle in the leg.</li> </ul> <p>It comes from New Latin <em>sartorius</em> (pertaining to a tailor), from Late Latin <em>sartor</em> (mender, patcher, tailor), from Latin <em>sarcire</em> (to patch, mend), <em>sarciō</em> (to patch, botch, mend, repair, restore, to make amends, recompense), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*serḱ-</em> (to mend, make good, recompense) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sartorial#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>sastre</strong> (tailor) in Spanish, Tagalog and Chavacano, <strong>xastre</strong> (tailor) in Asturian, Galician and Portuguese, <strong>sarto</strong> (tailor) in Italian, <strong>sertir</strong> (to crimp, set, socket [jewellery]) and the surname <strong>Sartre</strong> in French, and the obsolete English word <strong>sartor</strong> (tailor) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ser%E1%B8%B1-">source</a>].</p> <p>The English word <strong>tailor</strong>, which refers to a person who makes, repairs, or alters clothes professionally, especially suits and men’s clothing, comes from Middle English <em>taillour</em> (tailor), from Anglo-Norman <em>tailloru</em> (tailor), from Old French <em>tailleor</em> (tailor), from <em>taillier</em> (to cut, shape), from Late Latin <em>tāliō</em> (retaliation, to cut, prune), from Latin <em>tālea</em> (rod, stick, stake, a cutting, twig, sprig), the origins of which are uncertain [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tailor">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words include <strong>tally</strong> (any account or score kept by notches or marks) in English, <strong>taille</strong> (size, waist) and <strong>tailler</strong> (to cut) in French, <strong>Teller</strong> (plate, dish) in German, <strong>táille</strong> (fee, charge) in Irish, <strong>talea</strong> (cutting, scion) in Italian, and <strong>taior</strong> (woman’s suit) in Romanian <strong>tajar</strong> (to cut, slice, chop) in Spanish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/talea#Latin">source</a>]. </p> <p>I was inspired to write this post after learning that tailor in Spanish is <strong>sastre</strong>, and wondering where it comes from.</p> <p>By the way, Happy New Year! Blwyddyn newydd dda! Bonne année ! ¡Feliz Año Nuevo! 新年快樂！新年快乐！ Felice anno nuovo! 新年おめでとうございます! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit! Bliadhna mhath ùr! Blein Vie Noa! Ein gutes neues Jahr! Feliĉan novan jaron! Поздравляю с Новым Годом! Šťastný nový rok! Godt nytår! Gott nytt år! La Mulți Ani! Onnellista uutta vuotta! 🎆🎉🥂🥳</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23828" data-a2a-title="Satorial Tailoring"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23828&linkname=Satorial%20Tailoring" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23828&linkname=Satorial%20Tailoring" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23828&linkname=Satorial%20Tailoring" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=85" rel="category">Anglo-Norman (norman)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=88" rel="category">Asturian (Asturianu)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=330" rel="category">Chavacano</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=95" rel="category">Chinese (中文)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=100" rel="category">Danish (dansk)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=104" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=105" rel="category">Esperanto</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=107" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=109" rel="category">Finnish (suomi)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=111" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=113" rel="category">Galician (Galego)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=116" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=127" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=128" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=129" rel="category">Japanese (日本語)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=10" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=302" rel="category">Late Latin</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=15" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=23" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=26" rel="category">Middle English (Inglis)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=34" rel="category">Old French (Franceis)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=41" rel="category">Portuguese (português)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=45" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=51" rel="category">Romanian (limba română)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=52" rel="category">Russian (Русский)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=56" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=64" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=67" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=329" rel="category">Tagalog</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=77" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=78" rel="category">Words and phrases</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=sartorial" rel="tag">sartorial</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=sastre" rel="tag">sastre</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=tailor" rel="tag">tailor</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23828#comments">2 Comments</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-23790" class="post-23790 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-ancient-greek- category-english category-etymology category-french category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-old-french category-proto-indo-european category-words-and-phrases"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23790" rel="bookmark">Mermaid Sirens</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23790" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-11-29T14:02:46+00:00">29 November 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>What’s the difference between a <strong>mermaid</strong> and a <strong>siren</strong>? Let’s find out.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/130765784@N06/52404690350/in/photolist-2nQPJFY-2nQJUu7-9yMpNC-9zorq2-bXmCxt-mMPduZ-9yJoq6-5TjAtF-6M3fVv-8Sv9vN-9yMohs-2j6KEMS-2nQQ4ny-2nQJUof-2nQPJw9-2nQJUnt-2nQPJxB-pMiafY-2nQMvtA-2nQMvt5-9yMoo9-8tznD9-242VJND-9yMoyC-4ygKet-2mygE6r-3dm5PF-gKzc5-4Jyk5-LyNfb-8qySX-2iDsAqc-u4N99-7wUWH6-2goeTQU-Weni3Q-4E54Y2-9yJpU2-8MGZ5c-2m4NbMR-8f1REQ-apCNWA-2mybnca-3bPEHU-2myiX5d-ipZpDu-676tne-2myk97Y-sXi1Bd-2prSqwv" title="Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut.40.52 (L'Acerba etas), folio 43v"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/52404690350_a252a08107_z.jpg" width="640" height="401" alt="Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut.40.52 (L'Acerba etas), folio 43v"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>Last night at the French conversation group, we were discussing mermaids and sirens, as you do, and discovered that in French, they are both referred to as <strong>sirènes</strong>. This got me wondering what the differences are between them, if any.</p> <p>According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mermaid">Wikipedia</a>, a <strong>mermaid</strong> is “an aquatic creature with the head and upper body of a female human and the tail of a fish.” They appear in stories from Europe, Asia and Africa, and are sometimes associated with floods, storms, shipwrecks and drownings, although they may also bring benefits and bestow boons on humans.</p> <p>Their male equivalent is the <strong>merman</strong>, who appear less often in folklore, and they’re collectively known as <strong>merfolk</strong> or <strong>merpeople</strong></p> <p>The word <strong>mermaid</strong> comes from Middle English <em>mermayde</em> (maid of the sea), from <em>mere</em> (sea, lake) and <em>mayde</em> (young woman) [<a href="https://dictionary.reverso.net/spanish-english/carta">source</a>].</p> <p><strong>Sirens</strong> first appear in Homer’s <em>Odyssey</em>, which was written in about the 8th century BC(E). The Sirens are described in these passages:</p> <blockquote><p>First you will come to the Sirens who enchant all who come near them. If any one unwarily draws in too close and hears the singing of the Sirens, his wife and children will never welcome him home again, for they sit in a green field and warble him to death with the sweetness of their song.</p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>That is the Island of the Sirens. Circe warned me to steer clear of it, for the Sirens are beautiful but deadly.</p> <p>They sit beside the ocean, combing their long golden hair and singing to passing sailors. But anyone who hears their song is bewitched by its sweetness, and they are drawn to that island like iron to a magnet. And their ship smashes upon rocks as sharp as spears. And those sailors join the many victims of the Sirens in a meadow filled with skeletons.</p></blockquote> <p>To Odysseus, who got his crew to tie him to the mast of his ship, the Sirens sounded and looked beautiful, but to his crew, who blocked their ears with beeswax, they looked like monsters with vicious claws. They are described in later works as large birds with the women’s heads, or part woman part bird. Originally, there were also male sirens, but they disappear from art works after the fifth century BC(E). </p> <p>There are some Ancient Greek depictions of sirens are half woman half fish, like mermaids, and images from Medieval times often show them as mermaid like, although sometimes with wings and clawed feet like birds.</p> <p>The word <strong>siren</strong> [ˈsaɪɹən] can also refer to:</p> <ul> <li>One who sings sweetly and charms.</li> <li>A dangerously seductive woman.</li> <li>A member of Sirenia, an order of mammals.</li> <li>A member of a genus of aquatic salamanders of the family Sirenidae.</li> <li>Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Hestina.</li> <li>A device, either mechanical or electronic, that makes a piercingly loud sound as an alarm or signal, or the sound from such a device.</li> </ul> <p>Other meanings are available. </p> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>siren</em> (a mermaid whose song lures sailors to shipwreck; a mythical flying serpent of Arabia) [<a href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary/MED40513">source</a>], from Old French <em>sereine</em> (Siren), and Latin <em>Sīrēn(a)</em> (a siren, one of the mythical birds with faces of virgins, that dwelt on the southern coast of Italy, where, with their sweet voices, they enticed ashore those who were sailing by, and then killed them), from Ancient Greek <em>Σειρήν</em> (Seirḗn – siren, perhaps originally entangler or binder), from <em>σειρά</em> (seirá – rope, cord), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*twerH-</em> (to grab, seize, enclose) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/siren">source</a>]</p> <p>More information about sirens:<br /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siren_(mythology)">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siren_(mythology)</a><br /> <a href="https://greekgodsandgoddesses.net/myths/odysseus-and-the-sirens/">https://greekgodsandgoddesses.net/myths/odysseus-and-the-sirens/</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23790" data-a2a-title="Mermaid Sirens"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23790&linkname=Mermaid%20Sirens" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23790&linkname=Mermaid%20Sirens" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23790&linkname=Mermaid%20Sirens" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=179" rel="category">Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνική)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=104" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=107" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=111" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=10" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=15" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=26" rel="category">Middle English (Inglis)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=34" rel="category">Old French (Franceis)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=45" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=78" rel="category">Words and phrases</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23790#comments">3 Comments</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-23786" class="post-23786 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-ancient-greek- category-armenian- category-english category-etymology category-georgian category-german category-hebrew category-italian category-language category-latin category-polish category-proto-indo-european category-romanian category-spanish category-words-and-phrases tag-card tag-carta tag-chart tag-charter tag-etymology tag-italian tag-language tag-omniglot tag-spanish tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23786" rel="bookmark">Paper Cards</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23786" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-28T16:48:45+00:00">28 November 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-12-05T13:57:19+00:00">5 December 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The word <strong>carta</strong> means paper in Italian, but letter in Spanish. It has other meanings, and this post finds out more.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/47551786@N00/3937729616/in/photolist-6ZXTPW-2qqJgzk-kfSSRh-TiUxUU-2kyY58F-2niSMM-2mg8RC5-2nogjf-b5Hv3K-2mWPvNK-2hS9YUg-4BK3cG-drT8eg-9HJ6ha-oXJaTP-4s2kV7-drT88T-2mUJZ7K-2jKU9Tu-nwV3JF-2jKU9kq-9K34ik-2pcg2yQ-JzZy8C-2mSHeE2-4npfzD-drT8d6-47YAAc-4s9pKP-aBZyrx-YecfcH-E8g9n2-6n8ned-2jKXJRB-bWh88R-2nyU95R-draHza-Q5aSDH-2dF18wo-2oigsMj-73qRRb-QtzDpk-2iVnTh-2oj8vuu-4npfzn-q1oioa-drT7Yx-R5Fwgj-4hJt6h-Q5aRor" title="Carte"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/2489/3937729616_e5a46296c2_z.jpg" width="640" height="426" alt="Carte"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Carta</strong> [ˈkar.ta] in Italian means such things as:</p> <ul> <li><strong>paper</strong> or <strong>charter</strong>, e.g. un foglio di carta (a sheet of paper), carta igienica (toilet paper), carta da lettere (writing paper), carta da regalo (wrapping paper), carta lucida (tracing paper), carta da parati (wallpaper)</li> <li><strong>papers / documents</strong> (in the plural – <strong>carte</strong>)</li> <li><strong>card</strong>, e.g. carta di credito (credit card), carta d’indentità (identity card), dare le carte (to deal the cards), mettere le carte in tavola (to lay one’s cards on the table)</li> <li><strong>menu / list</strong>, e.g. alla carta (à la carte), carta dei vini (wine list)</li> <li><strong>map</strong>, e.g. carta geografica (map), carta automobilistica / stradale (road map), [<a href="https://dictionary.reverso.net/italian-english/carta">source</a>].</li> </ul> <p><strong>Carta</strong> [ˈkaɾta] in Spanish can mean:</p> <ul> <li><strong>letter</strong>, e.g. carta de amor (love letter), carta adjunta (covering letter), carta de dimisión (letter of resignation), carta de presentación (letter of introduction)</li> <li><strong>card(s)</strong>, e.g. una baraja de cartas (a pack of cards), jugar a las cartas (to play cards)</li> <li><strong>map / chart / plan</strong>, e.g. carta acotada (contour map), carta astral (star chart), carta meteorológica (weather chart/map), carta de navegación (flight plan)</li> <li><strong>menu / list</strong>, e.g. a la carta (à la carte), carta de vinos (wine list) [<a href="https://dictionary.reverso.net/spanish-english/carta">source</a>].</li> </ul> <p>It has similar meanings in the other Romance languages, and comes from Latin <em>charta</em> (papyrus, paper, a piece of writing, letter, poem. charter) from Ancient Greek <em>χάρτης</em> (khártēs – paper, book), possibly from Proto-Indo-European <em>*ǵʰer-</em> (to scratch) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carta#Italian">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>card</strong>, <strong>chart</strong> and <strong>charter</strong> in English, <strong>hartă</strong> (map), <strong>hârtie</strong> (paper), <strong>cartă</strong> (charter) and <strong>carte</strong> (book, card) in Romanian, <strong>Karte</strong> (card, map, chart, menu, ticket) in German, <strong>כַּרְטִיס</strong> (kartís – card, ticket) in Hebrew, <strong>ქარტეზი</strong> (karṭezi – certificate) in Georgian, and <strong>քարտ</strong> (kʻart – [playing] card) in Armenian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%87%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82#Ancient_Greek">source</a>]. </p> <p>Incidentally, another word for card in Spanish is <strong>tarjeta</strong> [taɾˈxeta], as in <strong>tarjeta de crédito</strong> (credit card). It is a diminutive of <strong>tarja</strong> [ˈtaɾxa] (tally [stick], plaque, plate, shield), which comes from French <strong>targe</strong> [taʁʒ] (targe [a small shield], buckler [a kind of shield]), from Middle French <em>targe</em> (round shield, targe), from Old French <em>targe</em> (buckler), from Frankish <em>*targa</em> (buckler), probably from Old Norse <em>targa</em> (small round shield), from Proto-Germanic <em>*targǭ</em> (edge), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*derǵʰ-</em> (fenced lot) or <em>*dergʰ-</em> (to catch, grasp) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tarjeta#Spanish">source</a>]. </p> <p>Related words in other languages include <strong>targe</strong> and <strong>target</strong> in English, <strong>Zarge</strong> (frame, border) in German, <strong>targhetta</strong> (label, tag, sticker, name plate) in Italian, and <strong>tarcza</strong> (shielf, target, clock face) in Polish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/targ%C7%AD">source</a>]. </p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23786" data-a2a-title="Paper Cards"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23786&linkname=Paper%20Cards" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23786&linkname=Paper%20Cards" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23786&linkname=Paper%20Cards" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=179" rel="category">Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνική)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=205" rel="category">Armenian (հայերէն)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=104" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=107" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=115" rel="category">Georgian (ქართული)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=116" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=121" rel="category">Hebrew (עברית)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=128" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=10" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=15" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=39" rel="category">Polish (polski)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=45" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=51" rel="category">Romanian (limba română)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=64" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=78" rel="category">Words and phrases</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=card" rel="tag">card</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=carta" rel="tag">carta</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=chart" rel="tag">chart</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=charter" rel="tag">charter</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=italian" rel="tag">Italian</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=spanish" rel="tag">spanish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=words" rel="tag">Words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23786#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-23778" class="post-23778 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-catalan category-english category-etymology category-french category-italian category-language category-latin category-romanian category-spanish category-welsh tag-english tag-etymology tag-footpath tag-italian tag-language tag-omniglot tag-pavement tag-pavimento tag-sidewalk tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23778" rel="bookmark">Paved Floors</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23778" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-20T15:58:04+00:00">20 November 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-11-20T16:00:24+00:00">20 November 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The Italian word <strong>pavimento</strong> looks like the English word <strong>pavement</strong>, but actually means <strong>floor</strong>. Let’s find out more.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/125601701@N03/49876980026/in/photolist-7cXDoE-7cXDjb-7cXDmN-2VDU1B-2onXgiQ-8DJHUq-2jQ59ix-2iZsytu-s3oxi-5gX2Za-bwUasj-2aPn8PT-2mEC84V-adJ97P-q1mPQD-bjKetD-2q2MkbZ-6nJzmV-vNvxq-7gEC8g-2ixm2SY-4sHmM-NzryU-6Sqtyj-4wNsDk-2e6E1og-2n4abb8-2iy3MMB-5kUBFN-8RbFgf-amdyzP-acnEo-8R8xiH-6SmoNn-KXfqwY-dYNLxJ-7R9z11-2g3228K-62XHYt-Ku52Dx-ovCAU-5hTyYZ-522mVb-bomsgq-Nig47t-LhUNa7-5UczZY-CNva8P-vzwKDP" title="Regarde où tu marches !"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/49876980026_eaf1a6c030_z.jpg" width="640" height="335" alt="Regarde où tu marches !"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Pavimento</strong> [pa.viˈmen.to] comes from Latin <em>pavīmentum</em> (a floor composed of small stones beaten down) from <em>paviō</em> (to beat, strike, ram, tread down), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*peh₂w-</em> (to strike, hit) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pavimento#Italian">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in Latin include <em>pavīmentārius</em> (floor-maker, who makes the tiled ground), <em>pavīmentō</em> (to pave) and <em>pavīcula</em> (a rammer) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pavimentum#Latin">source</a>]. </p> <p>Related words in Italian include <em>pavimentare</em> (to floor, to pave) and <em>pavimentazione</em> (flooring, paving).</p> <p>Words from the same Latin / PIE roots in other languages include <strong>paviment</strong> (flooring, pavement) in Catalan, <strong>pavement</strong> and <strong>to pave</strong> in English, <strong>palmant</strong> (pavement) in Welsh, <strong>pavement</strong> (paving, tiled floor) and <strong>paver</strong> (to cobble, pave [Canada]) in French, <strong>pământ</strong> (earth, ground, land) in Romanian, <strong>pavimento</strong> (road surface, paving) in Spanish, and <strong>pļaut</strong> (to mow, reap, shoot intensively) in Latvian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pavio#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/53915874567/in/album-72177720319461387" title="Amlwch"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/53915874567_fd26663b2d_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Amlwch"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The English word <strong>pavement</strong> can refer to:</p> <ul> <li>A paved surface; a hard covering on the ground.</li> <li>A paved path, for the use of pedestrians, located at the side of a road (<em>mainly in the UK, Ireland and South Africa</em>) – known as a <strong>sidewalk</strong> in North America, a <strong>banquette</strong> in Louisiana and Texas in the USA, and as a <strong>footpath</strong> in Australia, New Zealand and India</li> <li>A paving (paved part) of a road or other thoroughfare; the roadway or road surface. (<em>mainly in North America</em>)</li> <li>The paved part of an area other than a road or sidewalk, such as a cobblestone plaza, asphalt schoolyard or playground, or parking lot. (<em>mainly in North America</em>)</li> <li>The interior flooring of a church sanctuary, between the communion rail and the altar. [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pavement#English">source</a>]. </li> </ul> <p><strong>Pavements</strong> / <strong>sidewalks</strong> have been around for a many thousands of years. There were pavements in Ancient Greece and Rome, for example, and the Romans called them <em>sēmite</em> (narrow way, footpath, path, pathway) [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk">source</a>], which comes from PIE <em>*swé(d)</em> (by oneself, away, without) + <em>*mey-</em> ((ex)change). Words from the same roots include <strong>senda</strong> (footpath) in Catalan, <strong>sente</strong> (footpath, track, trail) in French, and <strong>senda</strong> (footpath) in Spanish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/semita#Latin">source</a>]. </p> <p>Are there other words for <strong>pavement</strong> / <strong>sidewalk</strong> in English?</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23778" data-a2a-title="Paved Floors"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23778&linkname=Paved%20Floors" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23778&linkname=Paved%20Floors" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23778&linkname=Paved%20Floors" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=94" rel="category">Catalan (català)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=104" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=107" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=111" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=128" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=10" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=15" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=51" rel="category">Romanian (limba română)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=64" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=77" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=english" rel="tag">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=footpath" rel="tag">footpath</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=italian" rel="tag">Italian</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=pavement" rel="tag">pavement</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=pavimento" rel="tag">pavimento</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=sidewalk" rel="tag">sidewalk</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=words" rel="tag">Words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23778#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-23771" class="post-23771 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-french category-german category-italian category-language category-late-latin category-latin category-middle-english category-occitan category-old-english-aenglisc category-old-french category-proto-indo-european category-proto-italic category-proto-west-germanic category-romanian category-swedish category-words-and-phrases tag-cap tag-cape tag-chapter tag-etymology tag-kaput tag-kaputt tag-language tag-omniglot"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23771" rel="bookmark">Kaput Capes</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23771" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-11-13T14:28:59+00:00">13 November 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>What does the word <strong>kaput</strong> have to do with words like <strong>cape</strong>, <strong>chapter</strong> and <strong>cap</strong>? Let’s find out.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/73225029@N02/7658899250/in/photolist-2ij9fz4-2jcgbX8-28vnTkw-2oz9aB8-goggs-dRpt1r-73wpB3-cEMRV5-U25dn5-9QUA4Z-6mxvRU-Sqme2f-2mc7cuc-5auufK-74GSkX-2kCCW7Q-7R3XGu-ert9i-2hEwzGm-4Z9DKh-5Uwwig-2mFUudg-XAATQ-86z3F-ay1fLh-2kjEXut-2hEsL8A-8cDTz-rYFyD-7bMmQk-6yfLXY-4WhQtY-H63wG8-8cDSg-2o5YCLF-64w8Hc-5BPPLs-6jKXj9-2eJFYJ7-2mFVGDG-UpE1xz-63b1iN-bEEtmR-sdZZy-MLhLw-2kHY27J-2kjEUZo-2kVSYFt-2mFUG3T-5ayAF1" title="KAPUTT"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/8286/7658899250_aaccb717da_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="KAPUTT"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Kaput</strong> [kəˈpʊt] refers to something that is out of order or not working in English. It was borrowed from German <strong>kaputt</strong> (destroyed, broken, out of order, tired, exhausted), which comes from the French phrase <strong>être capot</strong> (not having won any trick in a card game). The origin of this phrase is uncertain, but <strong>capot</strong> (bonnet, hood) comes from Old French <em>capote</em> (hooded cloak) a diminutive of <em>cape</em> (cape), from Late Latin <em>cappa</em> (cape, cloak), possibly from Latin <em>capitulāre</em> (head tax, poll tax), from <em>caput</em> (head, top, summit, point, end), from Proto-Italic <em>*kaput</em> (head), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*káput-</em> (head), from <em>*kap</em> (head, bowl, cup) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kaput#English">source</a>].</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/hennings_zauberfotos/33590037840/in/photolist-2pPTk1K-2jkMi4F-TbeHZs-cX8E5d-2pVVW2N-2o66BDo-2pW1BCx-HEQjF-9wcoVw-9w9kYt-q9Bku2-pSdtBy-9wcqes-2iGuPiE-9w9kke-SDNGri-9wcocY-CfZSzE-7SoRai-9wcnrm-GGtFFn-MQrNVd-2dUr9Cw-nYRZX3-28zY5bF-9w9ov2-GMskBh-2ibt5Am-S6bxxr-pateHR-paGUMC-g4gPd-28zY31Z-bCX2rb-nGumao-b7tfUa-g4gPc-5VY15t-2kh28aW-2kiqccV-28zY4aT" title="Beach next to Cape of good hope"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/2829/33590037840_7b82c01291_z.jpg" width="640" height="440" alt="Beach next to Cape of good hope"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Cape</strong>, as in a sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the back, arms, and shoulders, comes from French <em>cape</em> (cape), from Old Occitan <em>capa</em>, from Late Latin <em>cappa</em> (cape, cloak), ultimately from PIE <em>*káput-</em> (head) – see above. <strong>Cape</strong>, as in a promontory or headland, comes from the same roots, via Middle English <em>cape</em>, Old French <em>cap</em> (cape, headland) and Latin <em>caput</em> (head, top, etc) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cape#English">source</a>].</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/joeyz51/51856861427/in/photolist-ctCSa-ctCS7-2n1pYfV-2eF2Vow-JUGUc-6cy3PE-i2Ju8-2n1pYeH-LrPUXR-SuVTm4-4MAsHS-aPDLFZ-cDdy8w-XZRgRf-9bQ3fx-26Z8Qkb-ebeDs5-22y66PH-9sspPA-24RzC3t-ydBmiq-26T9amR-4L2aXS-VcNHQf-7yipNj-27Mv281-L8qiRY-9AfAhb-7EQkdX-G5msw-XmxKau-4HHeeX-FCbXZH-7EUb23-sa1Zm2-7EUaMh-7EQk5e-9rE96a-2oz5ZD9-7EQk2i-5F7FEX-Nd4oCc-2n7E59K-7vMuns-5F7FFt-agFybD-4veNRD-qjpTfV" title="Chapter I...Down The Rabbit Hole"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51856861427_b85004560c_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Chapter I...Down The Rabbit Hole"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Chapter</strong> (one of the main sections into which the text of a book is divided) comes from Middle English <em>chapitre</em> (chapter, passage, section of a book), from Old French <em>chapitre</em> (chapter), from Latin <em>capitulum</em> (a chapter of a book), a diminutive of <em>caput</em> (head, top, etc) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chapter#English">source</a>]. </p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/kesta/3259386576/in/photolist-5Y2d5h-5CFgZG-seakz3-4wMvPy-4wMvd5-8wscbr-qn3X9s-KDLyk-o5mpf-dizmGc-bhWBHB-4nC82y-o7gD83-bk6KvU-75SuET-6gj6a7-5CFeHh-4jwGSJ-amY8V1-axQsWE-aBk5JT-bmNzxW-99sF7P-98tc19-9Fsnp-CdeaTg-wiyMoh-zEppg-7XLTAs-aboDSr-5CFiMj-Baw7r-ppZScf-5L6t7q-aquTpX-oZGyyg-efpPSN-f1J8AS-6tCAqo-NKctHp-rGwMxC-bfGaei-kB13TX-6wNtuz-9wUTnp-fyGuHB-2B3fM-5cYiq7-613DiS-cXhyT7" title="Happy Truck Day!"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/3437/3259386576_529c31493b_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Happy Truck Day!"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Cap</strong> (a close-fitting hat, either brimless or peaked) comes from Middle English <em>cappe</em> (cap, hat), from Old English <em>cæppe</em> (hat, hood), from Proto-West Germanic <em>*kappā</em> (covering, hood, mantle), from Late Latin <em>cappa</em> (cape, cloak), from Latin <em>caput</em> (head, top, etc) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cap#English">source</a>]. </p> <p>So they all share a common root, the PIE <em>*káput-</em> (head) and arrived in modern English by various different routes.</p> <p>Other words from the same root include <strong>cadet</strong>, <strong>capital</strong> and <strong>captain</strong>, <strong>chef</strong>, <strong>chief(tain)</strong> and <strong>head</strong> in English; <strong>hoofd</strong> (head, chief, boss) in Dutch; <strong>huvud</strong> (head) in Swedish; <strong>capo</strong> (head, boss, chief, leader) in Italian; <strong>cadeau</strong> (present, gift) in French, and <strong>capăt</strong> (termination, end, extremity) in Romanian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/k%C3%A1put">source</a>].</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23771" data-a2a-title="Kaput Capes"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23771&linkname=Kaput%20Capes" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23771&linkname=Kaput%20Capes" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23771&linkname=Kaput%20Capes" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=102" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=104" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=107" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=111" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=116" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=128" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=10" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=302" rel="category">Late Latin</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=15" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=26" rel="category">Middle English (Inglis)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=32" rel="category">Occitan</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=33" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=34" rel="category">Old French (Franceis)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=45" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=46" rel="category">Proto-Italic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=202" rel="category">Proto-West-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=51" rel="category">Romanian (limba română)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=67" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=78" rel="category">Words and phrases</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=cap" rel="tag">cap</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=cape" rel="tag">cape</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=chapter" rel="tag">chapter</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=kaput" rel="tag">kaput</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=kaputt" rel="tag">kaputt</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23771#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-23760" class="post-23760 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-ancient-greek- category-arabic category-catalan category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-language category-late-latin category-latin category-middle-english category-middle-french category-old-english-aenglisc category-proto-hellenic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-italic category-proto-west-germanic category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23760" rel="bookmark">Kitchen Fruit</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23760" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-11-08T15:01:44+00:00">8 November 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Is the word <strong>kitchen</strong> related to the words <strong>apricot</strong>, <strong>pumpkin</strong> and <strong>melon</strong>? Let’s find out.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/40355472362/in/photolist-LtoYNT-Ltpff4-Lxj8C7-STx5DT-T5VEfK-24u5kYf-25N4NXJ-2mJpmR4-2mJtuba-2oo5sAU" title="My kitchen / Fy nghegin"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/4656/40355472362_29667e2c0e_z.jpg" width="640" height="361" alt="My kitchen / Fy nghegin"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script><br /> <em>This is my current kitchen, which will soon be replaced with a new one, that I bought this week.</em></p> <p><strong>Kitchen</strong> [ˈkɪtʃ(ɪ)n / ˈkɪtʃ(ə)n] comes from Middle English <em>kichen(e)</em>, from Old English <em>cyċene</em> (kitchen), from Proto-West Germanic <em>*kukinā</em> (kitchen), from Late Latin <em>cocīna</em> (kitchen), from <em>coquīna</em> (cooking, kitchen, cookery), from <em>coquō</em> (to cook, ripen), from earlier <em>*quoquō</em>, from Proto-Italic <em>*kʷekʷō</em> (to cook), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*pékʷeti</em> (to be cooking, to ripen), from <em>*pekʷ-</em> (to cook, ripen) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kitchen">source</a>].</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/derekmarkham/4933827286/in/photolist-8vZ9XG-voajZy-8oZ9re-4kYR3R-gCmAR-nmLVfH-9k7MYR-2oc6WaH-5Zit58-NnKyY-2dFozCV-2kMa2JD-2iy7Jmm-2iDGEmV-2iz81Rt-2oV7sUB-2kPRivw-2c3jEEa-TGiBNB-2kbTTuG-Rc5RaQ-53ycTi-AKf1ZV-7VCNM4-2kCW4VX-GcyDqQ-6Ftxq9-5sotoY-GcyDnd-a19UTy-24kqgyr-24WHRUt-99MuNm-G7riTa-Ravh2A-MyopL-5kSoRm-PqVUGV-69nvAu-BrUhgP-dvices-5vVUhW-2ozsTvA-ofwzvJ-55XNJU-4npgwq-8ghFBj-88WrBK-2ij1ycF-CHzmq2" title="Apricots"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/4140/4933827286_c02c5d07da_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Apricots"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </p> <p><strong>Apricot</strong> was originally <strong>apricock</strong> in English, from Catalan <strong>abrecoc / abricoc</strong> (apricot), from Arabic <strong>الْبَرْقُوق</strong> (al-barqūq – plums), from Byzantine Greek <em>βερικοκκία</em> (berikokkía – apricot tree), from Ancient Greek <em>πραικόκιον</em> (praikókion – apricot), from Late Latin <em>(persica) praecocia</em> (“(peaches) which ripen early”), from <em>praecox</em> (ripe before its time, premature, precocious, untimely), from <em>prae-</em> (before) and <em>coquō</em> (to cook, ripen), from Proto-Italic <em>*kʷekʷō</em> (to cook), from PIE <em>*pékʷeti</em> (to be cooking, to ripen), from <em>*pekʷ-</em> (to cook, ripen) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apricot#English">source</a>]. </p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/somebox/4052136643/in/photolist-7b5g3T-daHW5x-iFatF9-pZdHoy-5R2DD-8NAGFt-8La9KV-6E59E-oGU5wc-oGTqbB-3e75z7-77gXx2-77gXqe-8HyrHF-kJTBFD-ggUzAB-5vbViQ-pz1RE-79wgnn-5vbUU1-74QNUo-gEEeNF-8KGvGX-kJUBmB-5msURe-nojRB4-h4KAve-pUtqTB-qsuGY-r1XKM-FNe6zW-5Gwufa-5BJD7-7bMnUo-8GcSfh-5wwFr-3i6TAQ-3ojWzL-8G9Fwc-MPWaxu-pD6AgA-71AmQ5-ddLWr4-8Mp1oK-oU5HQ-74CtRU-buFeKK-3JZteR-8KpGGG-oU5Xe" title="Pumpkins!"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/3501/4052136643_c03c7d6874_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Pumpkins!"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Pumpkin</strong> comes from Middle French <em>pompon</em> (melon, cucumber), from Latin <em>pepō</em> (pumpkin, large melon), from Ancient Greek <em>πέπων</em> (pépōn – large melon), from <em>πέπων</em> (pépōn – ripe), from <em>πέπτω</em> (péptō – ripen), an alternative form of <em>πέσσω</em> (péssō – to soften, ripen, boil, cook, bake), from Proto-Hellenic <em>*péťťō</em> (to cook, ripen), from PIE <em>*pékʷ-ye-</em>, from <em>*pekʷ-</em> (to cook, ripen) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pumpkin#English">source</a>].</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/chris_doemel/662158541/in/photolist-21vJEz-eXLmed-6AzKcL-2h7u2q-2ngRQZm-2qoBqRb-yKvWHK-6C8sq3-4HxQpZ-Wwve6d-2oUUdsq-McDj5k-HM4pS-aag5g8-2mgqfCG-nTpJfb-6Uyr51-2kna4p6-56Tii8-2zKUSp-p4oPNG-iQcoc-6VrDq-oLW6i7-bDf4Nf-p2oSAS-oLVVfk-FvX32F-bgS9W-FvX6m6-a5hXLi-4LXDPJ-wMWWZ9-2mbyGkc-oLW6M3-6HZ2Q1-d3SzjA-dhXrdA-a5hYXz-dZjeH-7U8MFt-cuwR8N-23EJCVd-4qZsn4-3GzZ5-ieqQz-8ffNSR-oMVMDh-4q8MX1-2yZuB" title="Melons"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/1316/662158541_6f94de069a_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Melons"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Melon</strong> comes from Middle English <em>melo(u)n</em> (melon), from Old French <em>melon</em> (melon), from Late Latin <em>melonem</em> (melon), from Latin <em>melopeponem</em>, from Ancient Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn – melon), from <em>μῆλον</em> (mêlon – apple, any fruit from a tree) + <em>πέπων</em> (pépōn – ripe) from PIE <em>*pékʷonts</em> (cooking, ripening), from <em>*pekʷ-</em> (to cook, ripen) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/melon#English">source</a>].</p> <p>So parts of them at least share a common root: PIE <em>*pekʷ-</em> (to cook, ripen). </p> <p>Other words from the same root include <strong>biscuit</strong>, <strong>concoct</strong>, <strong>cook</strong>, <strong>cuisine</strong>, <strong>dyspepsia</strong> (indigestion) and <strong>precocious</strong> in English; <strong>keuken</strong> (kitchen, cuisine), <strong>kok</strong> (cook, chef) and <strong>koken</strong> (to cook, boil, seethe) in Dutch; and <strong>cegin</strong> (kitchen), <strong>cogydd(es)</strong> (cook), <strong>pobi</strong> (to bake, roast), <strong>poeth</strong> (hot, spicy) and <strong>popty</strong> (oven, bakery) in Welsh [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pek%CA%B7-">source</a>].</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23760" data-a2a-title="Kitchen Fruit"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23760&linkname=Kitchen%20Fruit" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23760&linkname=Kitchen%20Fruit" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fbloggle%2F%3Fp%3D23760&linkname=Kitchen%20Fruit" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=179" rel="category">Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνική)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=86" rel="category">Arabic (العربية)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=94" rel="category">Catalan (català)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=102" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=104" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=107" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=10" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=302" rel="category">Late Latin</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=15" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=26" rel="category">Middle English (Inglis)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=27" rel="category">Middle French (françois)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=33" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=301" rel="category">Proto-Hellenic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=45" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=46" rel="category">Proto-Italic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=202" rel="category">Proto-West-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=77" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23760#comments">1 Comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <nav class="navigation posts-navigation" aria-label="Posts"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Posts navigation</h2> <div class="nav-links"><div class="nav-previous"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?cat=15&paged=2" >Older posts</a></div></div> </nav> </main> </div> <div id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="block-7" class="widget widget_block widget_recent_entries"><ul class="wp-block-latest-posts__list wp-block-latest-posts"><li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23963">Language Quiz</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23958">Squally Showers</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23956">Language Quiz</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23952">Breeze-Stoppers</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?p=23949">Language Quiz</a></li> </ul></aside><aside id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"><h1 class="widget-title">Search</h1><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form></aside><aside id="archives-2" class="widget widget_archive"><h1 class="widget-title">Archives</h1> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="archives-dropdown-2">Archives</label> <select id="archives-dropdown-2" name="archive-dropdown"> <option value="">Select Month</option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202503'> March 2025 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202502'> February 2025 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202501'> January 2025 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202412'> December 2024 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202411'> November 2024 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202410'> October 2024 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202409'> September 2024 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202408'> August 2024 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202407'> July 2024 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202406'> June 2024 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202405'> May 2024 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202404'> April 2024 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202403'> March 2024 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202402'> February 2024 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202401'> January 2024 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202312'> December 2023 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202311'> November 2023 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202310'> October 2023 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202309'> September 2023 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202308'> August 2023 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202307'> July 2023 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202306'> June 2023 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202305'> May 2023 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202304'> April 2023 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202303'> March 2023 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202302'> February 2023 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202301'> January 2023 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202212'> December 2022 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202211'> November 2022 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202210'> October 2022 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202209'> September 2022 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202208'> August 2022 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202207'> July 2022 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202206'> June 2022 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202205'> May 2022 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202204'> April 2022 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202203'> March 2022 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202202'> February 2022 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202201'> January 2022 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202112'> December 2021 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202111'> November 2021 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202110'> October 2021 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202109'> September 2021 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202108'> August 2021 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202107'> July 2021 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202106'> June 2021 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202105'> May 2021 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202104'> April 2021 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202103'> March 2021 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202102'> February 2021 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202101'> January 2021 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202012'> December 2020 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202011'> November 2020 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202010'> October 2020 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202009'> September 2020 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202008'> August 2020 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202007'> July 2020 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202006'> June 2020 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202005'> May 2020 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202004'> April 2020 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202003'> March 2020 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202002'> February 2020 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=202001'> January 2020 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201912'> December 2019 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201911'> November 2019 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201910'> October 2019 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201909'> September 2019 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201908'> August 2019 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201907'> July 2019 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201906'> June 2019 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201905'> May 2019 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201904'> April 2019 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201903'> March 2019 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201902'> February 2019 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201901'> January 2019 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201812'> December 2018 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201811'> November 2018 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201810'> October 2018 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201809'> September 2018 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201808'> August 2018 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201807'> July 2018 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201806'> June 2018 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201805'> May 2018 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201804'> April 2018 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201803'> March 2018 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201802'> February 2018 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201801'> January 2018 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201712'> December 2017 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201711'> November 2017 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201710'> October 2017 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201709'> September 2017 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201708'> August 2017 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201707'> July 2017 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201706'> June 2017 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201705'> May 2017 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201704'> April 2017 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201703'> March 2017 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201702'> February 2017 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201701'> January 2017 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201612'> December 2016 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201611'> November 2016 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201610'> October 2016 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201609'> September 2016 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201608'> August 2016 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201607'> July 2016 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201606'> June 2016 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201605'> May 2016 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201604'> April 2016 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201603'> March 2016 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201602'> February 2016 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201601'> January 2016 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201512'> December 2015 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201511'> November 2015 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201510'> October 2015 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201509'> September 2015 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201508'> August 2015 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201507'> July 2015 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201506'> June 2015 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201505'> May 2015 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201504'> April 2015 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201503'> March 2015 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201502'> February 2015 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201501'> January 2015 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201412'> December 2014 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201411'> November 2014 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201410'> October 2014 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201409'> September 2014 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201408'> August 2014 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201407'> July 2014 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201406'> June 2014 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201405'> May 2014 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201404'> April 2014 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201403'> March 2014 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201402'> February 2014 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201401'> January 2014 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201312'> December 2013 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201311'> November 2013 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201310'> October 2013 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201309'> September 2013 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201308'> August 2013 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201307'> July 2013 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201306'> June 2013 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201305'> May 2013 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201304'> April 2013 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201303'> March 2013 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201302'> February 2013 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201301'> January 2013 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201212'> December 2012 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201211'> November 2012 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201210'> October 2012 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201209'> September 2012 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201208'> August 2012 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201207'> July 2012 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201206'> June 2012 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201205'> May 2012 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201204'> April 2012 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201203'> March 2012 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201202'> February 2012 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201201'> January 2012 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201112'> December 2011 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201111'> November 2011 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201110'> October 2011 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201109'> September 2011 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201108'> August 2011 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201107'> July 2011 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201106'> June 2011 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201105'> May 2011 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201104'> April 2011 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201103'> March 2011 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201102'> February 2011 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201101'> January 2011 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201012'> December 2010 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201011'> November 2010 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201010'> October 2010 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201009'> September 2010 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201008'> August 2010 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201007'> July 2010 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201006'> June 2010 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201005'> May 2010 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201004'> April 2010 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201003'> March 2010 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201002'> February 2010 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=201001'> January 2010 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200912'> December 2009 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200911'> November 2009 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200910'> October 2009 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200909'> September 2009 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200908'> August 2009 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200907'> July 2009 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200906'> June 2009 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200905'> May 2009 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200904'> April 2009 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200903'> March 2009 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200902'> February 2009 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200901'> January 2009 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200812'> December 2008 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200811'> November 2008 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200810'> October 2008 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200809'> September 2008 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200808'> August 2008 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200807'> July 2008 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200806'> June 2008 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200805'> May 2008 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200804'> April 2008 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200803'> March 2008 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200802'> February 2008 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200801'> January 2008 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200712'> December 2007 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200711'> November 2007 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200710'> October 2007 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200709'> September 2007 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200708'> August 2007 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200707'> July 2007 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200706'> June 2007 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200705'> May 2007 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200704'> April 2007 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200703'> March 2007 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200702'> February 2007 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200701'> January 2007 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200612'> December 2006 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200611'> November 2006 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200610'> October 2006 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200609'> September 2006 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200608'> August 2006 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200607'> July 2006 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200606'> June 2006 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200605'> May 2006 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200604'> April 2006 </option> <option value='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?m=200603'> March 2006 </option> </select> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "archives-dropdown-2" ); function onSelectChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value !== '' ) { document.location.href = this.options[ this.selectedIndex ].value; } } dropdown.onchange = onSelectChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </aside><aside id="sml_subscribe_widget" class="widget sml_subscribe_widget_display"><h1 class="widget-title">Subscribe</h1><div class="textwidget"><form class="sml_subscribe" method="post"><input class="sml_hiddenfield" name="sml_subscribe" type="hidden" value="1"><p class="prepend">Enter your email to subscribe to this blog</p><p class="sml_email"><label class="sml_emaillabel" for="sml_email"></label><input class="sml_emailinput" name="sml_email" placeholder="" type="text" value=""></p><p class="sml_submit"><input name="submit" class="btn sml_submitbtn" type="submit" value="Send"></p></form></div></aside><aside id="custom_html-3" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><h1 class="widget-title">Support this site</h1><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><form action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="post" target="_top"> <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_s-xclick" /> <input type="hidden" name="hosted_button_id" value="5T5M7W9BFLRHN" /> <input type="image" src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_GB/i/btn/btn_donate_LG.gif" border="0" name="submit" title="PayPal - The safer, easier way to pay online!" alt="Donate with PayPal button" /> <img alt="" border="0" src="https://www.paypal.com/en_GB/i/scr/pixel.gif" width="1" height="1" /> </form> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.buymeacoffee.com/1.0.0/button.prod.min.js" data-name="bmc-button" data-slug="omniglot" data-color="#5F7FFF" data-emoji="" data-font="Cookie" data-text="Buy me a coffee" data-outline-color="#000000" data-font-color="#ffffff" data-coffee-color="#FFDD00" ></script></div></aside><aside id="block-8" class="widget widget_block"><div id="b_omniglot_300x250_ATF_166f15fc621f2e"></div> <script async defer src="https://a.vdo.ai/core/b-omniglot/vdo.ai.js"></script></aside><aside id="custom_html-5" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5001128073855040" data-ad-slot="5129652205" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></div></aside><aside id="meta-2" class="widget widget_meta"><h1 class="widget-title">Meta</h1> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?feed=rss2">Entries feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/?feed=comments-rss2">Comments feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-gb.wordpress.org/">WordPress.org</a></li> </ul> </aside></div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="site-info"> <a href="http://wordpress.org/">Proudly powered by WordPress</a> <span class="sep"> | </span> Theme: <a href="http://wordpress.org/themes/heidi/">Heidi</a> </div> </footer> </div> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0" id="imagesloaded-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js?ver=4.2.2" id="masonry-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/themes/heidi/js/mymasonry.js?ver=20120206" id="heidi-masonry-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/themes/heidi/js/calendar.js?ver=20120206" id="heidi-calendar-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/themes/heidi/js/navigation.js?ver=20120206" id="heidi-navigation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-content/themes/heidi/js/skip-link-focus-fix.js?ver=20130115" id="heidi-skip-link-focus-fix-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mediaelement-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mejsL10n = {"language":"en","strings":{"mejs.download-file":"Download File","mejs.install-flash":"You are using a browser that does not have Flash player enabled or installed. Please turn on your Flash player plugin or download the latest version from https:\/\/get.adobe.com\/flashplayer\/","mejs.fullscreen":"Fullscreen","mejs.play":"Play","mejs.pause":"Pause","mejs.time-slider":"Time Slider","mejs.time-help-text":"Use Left\/Right Arrow keys to advance one second, Up\/Down arrows to advance ten seconds.","mejs.live-broadcast":"Live Broadcast","mejs.volume-help-text":"Use Up\/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.","mejs.unmute":"Unmute","mejs.mute":"Mute","mejs.volume-slider":"Volume Slider","mejs.video-player":"Video Player","mejs.audio-player":"Audio Player","mejs.captions-subtitles":"Captions\/Subtitles","mejs.captions-chapters":"Chapters","mejs.none":"None","mejs.afrikaans":"Afrikaans","mejs.albanian":"Albanian","mejs.arabic":"Arabic","mejs.belarusian":"Belarusian","mejs.bulgarian":"Bulgarian","mejs.catalan":"Catalan","mejs.chinese":"Chinese","mejs.chinese-simplified":"Chinese (Simplified)","mejs.chinese-traditional":"Chinese (Traditional)","mejs.croatian":"Croatian","mejs.czech":"Czech","mejs.danish":"Danish","mejs.dutch":"Dutch","mejs.english":"English","mejs.estonian":"Estonian","mejs.filipino":"Filipino","mejs.finnish":"Finnish","mejs.french":"French","mejs.galician":"Galician","mejs.german":"German","mejs.greek":"Greek","mejs.haitian-creole":"Haitian Creole","mejs.hebrew":"Hebrew","mejs.hindi":"Hindi","mejs.hungarian":"Hungarian","mejs.icelandic":"Icelandic","mejs.indonesian":"Indonesian","mejs.irish":"Irish","mejs.italian":"Italian","mejs.japanese":"Japanese","mejs.korean":"Korean","mejs.latvian":"Latvian","mejs.lithuanian":"Lithuanian","mejs.macedonian":"Macedonian","mejs.malay":"Malay","mejs.maltese":"Maltese","mejs.norwegian":"Norwegian","mejs.persian":"Persian","mejs.polish":"Polish","mejs.portuguese":"Portuguese","mejs.romanian":"Romanian","mejs.russian":"Russian","mejs.serbian":"Serbian","mejs.slovak":"Slovak","mejs.slovenian":"Slovenian","mejs.spanish":"Spanish","mejs.swahili":"Swahili","mejs.swedish":"Swedish","mejs.tagalog":"Tagalog","mejs.thai":"Thai","mejs.turkish":"Turkish","mejs.ukrainian":"Ukrainian","mejs.vietnamese":"Vietnamese","mejs.welsh":"Welsh","mejs.yiddish":"Yiddish"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelement-and-player.min.js?ver=4.2.17" id="mediaelement-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelement-migrate.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="mediaelement-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mediaelement-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var _wpmejsSettings = {"pluginPath":"\/bloggle\/wp-includes\/js\/mediaelement\/","classPrefix":"mejs-","stretching":"responsive","audioShortcodeLibrary":"mediaelement","videoShortcodeLibrary":"mediaelement"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="wp-mediaelement-js"></script> </body> </html>