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</div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Quraysh</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Quraysh" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Quraysh" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Quraysh" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the chapter in the Qur'an, see <a href="/wiki/Quraysh_(sura)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quraysh (sura)">Quraysh (sura)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Quraysh_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Quraysh (disambiguation)">Quraysh (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The Quraysh or Qureshi (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: قُرَيْشٍ) is an <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> tribe that inhabited and used to control <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>. Comprising ten main clans, it includes the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Hashim</a> clan into which the <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> was born. By 600 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>, the Quraysh had become wealthy merchants, dominating trade between the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworthLewisPellatDonzel1998434-1">[1]</a> They ran caravans to <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> in summer, and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> in winter. They also mined and pursued other enterprises on these routes, placing business interests first. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworthLewisPellatDonzel1998435-2">[2]</a> <table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Quraysh <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">قُرَيْشٍ</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="border-top: #aaa 1px solid; border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid;">Settled <a href="/wiki/Adnanite" class="mw-redirect" title="Adnanite">Adnanite</a> Arab tribe</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Quraysh_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Quraysh_Flag.svg/220px-Quraysh_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Quraysh_Flag.svg/330px-Quraysh_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Quraysh_Flag.svg/440px-Quraysh_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="808"></a><div class="infobox-caption">The purported flag of the Quraysh during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin" title="Battle of Siffin">Battle of Siffin</a> in 657</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nisba_(onomastics)" title="Nisba (onomastics)">Nisba</a></th><td class="infobox-data">al-Qurashī (الْقُرَشِي)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descended from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fihr_ibn_Malik" title="Fihr ibn Malik">Fihr ibn Malik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent tribe</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Banu_Kinanah" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Kinanah">Kinana</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branches</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Banu al-Harith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27ayy_ibn_Ghalib" title="Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib">Banu Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib</a> <ul><li>Banu 'Amir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27b_ibn_Lu%27ayy" title="Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy">Banu Ka'b</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Adi" title="Banu Adi">Banu Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murrah_ibn_Ka%27b" title="Murrah ibn Ka'b">Banu Murra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Taym" title="Banu Taym">Banu Taym</a></li> <li>Banu Yaqaza <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Makhzum" title="Banu Makhzum">Banu Makhzum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilab_ibn_Murrah" title="Kilab ibn Murrah">Banu Kilab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Zuhra" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Zuhra">Banu Zuhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qusai_ibn_Kilab" class="mw-redirect" title="Qusai ibn Kilab">Banu Qusayy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Abd_al-Dar" title="Banu Abd al-Dar">Banu 'Abd al-Dar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Manaf_ibn_Qusai" title="Abd Manaf ibn Qusai">Banu 'Abd Manaf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Abd_Shams" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Abd Shams">Banu Abd Shams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Nawfal" title="Banu Nawfal">Banu Nawfal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttalib_ibn_Abd_Manaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf">Banu Mutallib</a></li></ul></li> <li>Banu 'Abd al-Uzza <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asad_ibn_Abd_al-Uzza" title="Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza">Banu Asad</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Banu Husays <ul><li>Banu 'Amr <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sahm" title="Banu Sahm">Banu Sahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Jumah" title="Banu Jumah">Banu Jumah</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian mythology">Polytheism</a> (230–630) <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (630 – present)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> When Muhammad began spreading Islam in Mecca, the Quraysh initially showed little concern. However, opposition grew as he challenged the existence of gods other than <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> (an Arabic name for God or the god of Abraham).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200235%E2%80%9336-5">[5]</a> As relations deteriorated, Muhammad and his followers migrated to <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Hijrah" title="Hijrah">Hijrah</a>) after negotiating with <a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Banu Aws</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a> to mediate their conflict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364-367-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The Quraysh had prevented Muslims from performing the <a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">pilgrimage to Mecca</a>. Unable to reach a peaceful resolution, Muhammad decided to confront the Quraysh through armed conflict, beginning with raids on Meccan caravans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993269-8">[8]</a> This led to several major battles, including those at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Badr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Uhud</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Trench</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993369-370-9">[9]</a> After these conflicts and following changes in Medina's political landscape, including the expulsion of three major <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> tribes, Muhammad reportedly shifted his focus from Quraysh caravans to northern tribes such as <a href="/wiki/Banu_Lahyan" title="Banu Lahyan">Banu Lahyan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Mustaliq" title="Banu Mustaliq">Banu Mustaliq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993370-10">[10]</a> As Muhammad's position in Medina became more established, attitudes towards him in his hometown became more approving. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_al-Hudaybiya" title="Treaty of al-Hudaybiya">Treaty of al-Hudaybiya</a>, establishing a ten-year truce with the Meccans, allowed Muhammad to perform <a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a> in Mecca the following year. During this pilgrimage, Muhammad reconciled with his family, the Hashim clan, which was symbolized by his marriage to <a href="/wiki/Maymunah_bint_al-Harith" title="Maymunah bint al-Harith">Maymuna bint al-Harith</a>. Several prominent Meccans, such as <a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid">Khalid ibn al-Walid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_al-As" title="Amr ibn al-As">Amr ibn al-As</a>, recognized Muhammad's increasing influence in Arabia and converted to Islam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993371-11">[11]</a> At the end of 629 CE, a belligerent party within the Quraysh, against the advice of their chief <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sufyan_ibn_Harb" title="Abu Sufyan ibn Harb">Abu Sufyan</a>, supported one of their client clans in a conflict against the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Khuza%27ah" title="Banu Khuza'ah">Khuza'a</a>, allies of Muhammad. This act was seen as a violation of the Treaty of al-Hudaybiya. As Muhammad advanced with his army to besiege Mecca, Abu Sufyan, along with others, including Muhammad's ally Khuza'i Budayl ibn Warqa, met with Muhammad to request amnesty for all Quraysh who did not resist. Thus Muhammad entered Mecca unopposed, and almost all of its inhabitants converted to Islam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993372-12">[12]</a> Afterwards, leadership of the Muslim community traditionally passed to a member of the Quraysh, as was the case with the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphates</a>, and purportedly the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimids</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Name">1 Name</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Origins">2.1 Origins</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Establishment_in_Mecca">2.2 Establishment in Mecca</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Control_of_Meccan_trade">2.3 Control of Meccan trade</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Conflict_with_Muhammad">2.4 Conflict with Muhammad</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Islamic_leadership">2.5 Islamic leadership</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Clans">3 Clans</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Quraysh_relationship_tree">4 Quraysh relationship tree</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#See_also">5 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#References">6 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Bibliography">7 Bibliography</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Sources differ as to the etymology of Quraysh, with one theory holding that it was the diminutive form of qirsh (shark).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986435-13">[13]</a> The Arab genealogist <a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_al-Kalbi" title="Hisham ibn al-Kalbi">Hisham ibn al-Kalbi</a> asserted that there was no eponymous founder of Quraysh;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters199414-14">[14]</a> rather, the name stemmed from taqarrush, an <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> word meaning "a coming together" or "association". The Quraysh gained their name when <a href="/wiki/Qusayy_ibn_Kilab" title="Qusayy ibn Kilab">Qusayy ibn Kilab</a>, a sixth-generation descendant of Fihr ibn Malik, gathered together his kinsmen and took control of the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>. Prior to this, Fihr's offspring lived in scattered, nomadic groups among their Kinana relatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nisba_(onomastics)" title="Nisba (onomastics)">nisba</a> or surname of the Quraysh is Qurashī, though in the early centuries of the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">Ummah</a>, most Qurayshi tribesmen were denoted by their specific clan instead of the tribe. Later, particularly after the 13th century, claimants of Qurayshi descent used the Qurashī surname.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986435-13">[13]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Quraysh's <a href="/wiki/Progenitor" title="Progenitor">progenitor</a> was <a href="/wiki/Fihr_ibn_Malik" title="Fihr ibn Malik">Fihr ibn Malik</a>, whose full genealogy, according to traditional Arab sources, was the following: Fihr ibn Malik ibn al-Nadr ibn Kinana ibn Khuzayma ibn Mudrika ibn Ilyas ibn Mudar ibn Nizar ibn Ma'add ibn Adnan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> Thus, Fihr belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Kinanah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinanah">Kinana</a> tribe and his descent is traced to <a href="/wiki/Adnan" title="Adnan">Adnan</a> the <a href="/wiki/Ishmaelites" title="Ishmaelites">Ishmaelite</a>, the semi-legendary father of the "<a href="/wiki/Adnanites" title="Adnanites">northern Arabs</a>". According to the traditional sources, Fihr led the warriors of Kinana and <a href="/wiki/Khuzayma" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuzayma">Khuzayma</a> in defense of the Kaaba, at the time a major pagan sanctuary in Mecca, against tribes from <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>; however, the sanctuary and the privileges associated with it continued to be in the hands of the Yemeni <a href="/wiki/Banu_Khuza%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Khuza'a">Khuza'a</a> tribe. The Quraysh gained their name when <a href="/wiki/Qusayy_ibn_Kilab" title="Qusayy ibn Kilab">Qusayy ibn Kilab</a>, a sixth-generation descendant of Fihr ibn Malik, gathered together his kinsmen and took control of the Kaaba. Prior to this, Fihr's offspring lived in scattered, nomadic groups among their Kinana relatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_in_Mecca">Establishment in Mecca</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Establishment in Mecca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> All medieval Muslim sources agree that Qusayy unified Fihr's descendants, and established the Quraysh as the dominant power in Mecca.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters199414%E2%80%9315-16">[16]</a> After conquering Mecca, Qusayy assigned quarters to different Qurayshi clans. Those settled around the Kaaba were known Quraysh al-Biṭāḥ ('Quraysh of the Hollow'), and included all of the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Ka%27b_ibn_Lu%27ayy" title="Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy">Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy</a> and others. The clans settled in the outskirts of the sanctuary were known as Quraysh al-Ẓawāhir ('Quraysh of the Outskirts'). According to historian <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ishaq" title="Ibn Ishaq">Ibn Ishaq</a>, Qusayy's younger son, <a href="/wiki/Abd_Manaf_ibn_Qusai" title="Abd Manaf ibn Qusai">Abd Manaf</a>, had grown prominent during his father's lifetime and was chosen by Qusayy to be his successor as the guardian of the Kaaba. He also gave other responsibilities related to the Kaaba to his other sons <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Uzza_ibn_Qusai" title="Abd al-Uzza ibn Qusai">Abd al-Uzza</a> and Abd, while ensuring that all decisions by the Quraysh had to be made in the presence of his eldest son <a href="/wiki/Abd-al-Dar_ibn_Qusai" title="Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai">Abd al-Dar</a>; the latter was also designated ceremonial privileges such as keeper of the Qurayshi war banner and supervisor of water and provisions to the pilgrims visiting the Kaaba.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters199415-17">[17]</a> According to historian <a href="/wiki/F._E._Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="F. E. Peters">F. E. Peters</a>, Ibn Ishaq's account reveals that Mecca in the time of Qusayy and his immediate offspring was not yet a commercial center; rather, the city's economy was based on pilgrimage to the Kaaba, and "what pass[ed] for municipal offices [designated by Qusayy] have to do only with military operations and with control of the shrine".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters199415%E2%80%9316-18">[18]</a> During that time, the tribesmen of Quraysh were not traders; instead, they were entrusted with religious services, from which they significantly profited. They also profited from taxes collected from incoming pilgrims. Though Qusayy appeared to be the strongman of Quraysh, he was not officially a king of the tribe, but one of many leading <a href="/wiki/Shaykh" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaykh">shaykhs</a> (tribal chieftains).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters199416-19">[19]</a> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Hawting" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald R. Hawting">Gerald R. Hawting</a>, if the traditional sources are to be believed, Qusayy's children, "must have lived in the second half of the fifth century".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawting200022-20">[20]</a> However, historian <a href="/wiki/W._Montgomery_Watt" title="W. Montgomery Watt">W. Montgomery Watt</a> asserts that Qusayy himself likely died in the second half of the 6th century. The issue of succession between Qusayy's natural successor, Abd al-Dar, and his chosen successor, Abd Manaf, led to the division of Quraysh into two factions; those who backed the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Abd_ad-Dar" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Abd ad-Dar">Abd al-Dar clan</a>, including the clans of <a href="/wiki/Banu_Sahm" title="Banu Sahm">Banu Sahm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banu_Adi" title="Banu Adi">Banu Adi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banu_Makhzum" title="Banu Makhzum">Banu Makhzum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Jumah" title="Banu Jumah">Banu Jumah</a>, became known as al-Aḥlāf ('the Confederates'), while those who backed the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Abd_al-Manaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Abd al-Manaf">Abd Manaf clan</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Taym" title="Banu Taym">Banu Taym</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banu_Asad" title="Banu Asad">Banu Asad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banu_Zuhra" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Zuhra">Banu Zuhra</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banu_al-Harith_ibn_Fihr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banu al-Harith ibn Fihr (page does not exist)">Banu al-Harith ibn Fihr</a>, were known as al-Muṭayyabūn ('the Perfumed').<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986435-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Control_of_Meccan_trade">Control of Meccan trade</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Control of Meccan trade" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Toward the end of the 6th century, the <a href="/wiki/Fijar_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Fijar War">Fijar War</a> broke out between the Quraysh and the <a href="/wiki/Kinana" title="Kinana">Kinana</a> on one side and various <a href="/wiki/Qays" title="Qays">Qaysi</a> tribes on the other, including the <a href="/wiki/Hawazin" title="Hawazin">Hawazin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banu_Thaqif" title="Banu Thaqif">Banu Thaqif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banu_Amir" title="Banu Amir">Banu Amir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Sulaym" title="Banu Sulaym">Banu Sulaym</a>. The war broke out when a Kinani tribesman killed an Amiri tribesman escorting a <a href="/wiki/Lakhmid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhmid">Lakhmid</a> caravan to the Hejaz. The attack took place during the holy season when fighting was typically forbidden. The Kinani tribesman's patron was <a href="/wiki/Harb_ibn_Umayyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Harb ibn Umayyah">Harb ibn Umayya</a>, a Qurayshi chief. This patron and other chiefs were ambushed by the Hawazin at Nakhla, but were able to escape. In the battles that occurred in the following two years, the Qays were victorious, but in the fourth year, the tide turned in favor of the Quraysh and Kinana. After a few more clashes, peace was reestablished.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEF%C3%BCck1965883-21">[21]</a> According to Watt, the actual aim in the Fijar War was control of the trade routes of <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a>. Despite particularly tough resistance by the Quraysh's main trade rivals, the Thaqif of <a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</a>, and the Banu Nasr clan of Hawazin, the Quraysh ultimately held sway over western Arabian trade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEF%C3%BCck1965884-22">[22]</a> The Quraysh gained control over Ta'if's trade, and many Qurayshi individuals purchased estates in Ta'if, where the climate was cooler.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> The sanctuary village of Mecca developed into a major Arabian trade hub. According to Watt, by 600 CE, the leaders of Quraysh "were prosperous merchants who had obtained something like a monopoly of the trade between the Indian Ocean and East Africa on the one hand and the Mediterranean on the other".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> Furthermore, the Quraysh commissioned trade caravans to Yemen in the winter and caravans to <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosra" title="Bosra">Bosra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Arish" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Arish">al-Arish</a> in the summer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner198151-23">[23]</a> The Quraysh established networks with merchants in these Syrian cities. They also formed political or economic alliances with many of the <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> (nomadic Arab) tribes in the northern and central Arabian deserts to ensure the safety of their trade caravans. The Quraysh invested their revenues in building their trading ventures, and shared profits with tribal allies to translate financial fortune into significant political power in the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a> (western Arabia).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner198151-23">[23]</a> In the words of <a href="/wiki/Fred_Donner" title="Fred Donner">Fred Donner</a>: <blockquote>[By the end of the 6th century,] Meccan commerce was flourishing as never before, and the leaders in this trade [the Quraysh] had developed from mere merchants into true financiers. They were no longer interested in "buying cheap and selling dear," but also with organizing money and men to realize their commercial objectives. There was emerging, in short, a class of men with well-developed managerial and organizational skills. It was a development unheralded, and almost unique, in central Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner198152-24">[24]</a></blockquote> The Banu Makhzum and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Umayya" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Umayya">Banu Umayya</a>, in particular, acquired vast wealth from trade and held the most influence among the Quraysh in Meccan politics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner198151-23">[23]</a> The Banu Umayya and the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Nawfal" title="Banu Nawfal">Banu Nawfal</a>, another clan descending from Abd Manaf that had become wealthy from their commercial enterprise, split from the al-Muṭayyabūn faction in 605 and engaged in business with the al-Aḥlāf.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986435-13">[13]</a> Their financial fortunes had enabled them to become a force of their own.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986435-13">[13]</a> During a commercial incident where a Yemenite merchant was robbed of his trade by al-As ibn Wa'il al-Sahmi, the al-Muṭayyabūn reformed in the <a href="/wiki/Hilf_al-Fudul" title="Hilf al-Fudul">Hilf al-Fudul</a>, which consisted of the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muttalib_ibn_Abd_Manaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf">Banu Muttalib</a>, which, like the Banu Umayya, were descendants of Abd Manaf, and the Taym, Asad, Zuhra and al-Harith ibn Fihr clans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986435-13">[13]</a> The Banu Hashim held the hereditary rights surrounding the pilgrimage to the Kaaba, though the Banu Umayya were ultimately the strongest Qurayshi clan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawting200022-20">[20]</a> According to Watt, "In all the stories of the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Pre-Islamic Arabia">pre-Islamic period</a> there is admittedly a legendary element, but the main outline of events appears to be roughly correct, even if most of the dating is uncertain."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986435-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflict_with_Muhammad">Conflict with Muhammad</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Conflict with Muhammad" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_expeditions_of_Muhammad" title="List of expeditions of Muhammad">List of expeditions of Muhammad</a></div> The Quraysh, the dominant tribe of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, initially showed little concern when Muhammad began preaching <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">his new faith</a> in the city. However, as Muhammad's message increasingly challenged traditional Meccan religious and social practices, tensions gradually arose.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200235%E2%80%9336-5">[5]</a> As relations with the Quraysh deteriorated, Muhammad coordinated the gradual emigration of his followers to <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, eventually making the journey himself, after negotiations with various factions in Medina had established a base of support there. This event, known as the <a href="/wiki/Hijrah" title="Hijrah">Hijra</a>, followed complex negotiations with different groups in Medina, where Muhammad was seen as a potential mediator for ongoing tribal conflicts, though his role was likely more multifaceted than just mediation. In Medina, Muhammad received a divine revelation allowing Muslims to defend themselves, which included targeting Quraysh trade caravans in response to their ongoing hostility and persecution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364-369-25">[25]</a> After obtaining spoils from <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Nakhla" title="Raid on Nakhla">a caravan at Nakhla</a>, Muhammad learned of a larger Quraysh caravan returning from <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a>. He attempted to intercept it, but the caravan rerouted. Instead, Muhammad encountered Quraysh troops led by <a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_Hisham" title="Amr ibn Hisham">Amr ibn Hisham</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364-369-25">[25]</a> and despite being outnumbered, won the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</a>, gaining prestige and followers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1961124%E2%80%93127-26">[26]</a> The Quraysh defeat at Badr was significant, causing them to lose many of their influential or experienced men and their prestige.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1961124%E2%80%93127-26">[26]</a> Seeking to restore their honor, the Quraysh, led by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sufyan_ibn_Harb" title="Abu Sufyan ibn Harb">Abu Sufyan</a>, mobilized 3,000 troops to confront Muhammad, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Battle of Uhud</a>. Initially, Muhammad's forced had the upper hand, but a setback occurred when his archers abandoned their positions and pursued the fleeing Meccan soldiers. The Meccan military strategist <a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid">Khalid ibn al-Walid</a> exploited this and Muhammad's forces retreated. The Quraysh did not pursue further, considering their objective achieved.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993370-10">[10]</a> In Medina, some <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> tribes expressed satisfaction at Muhammad's defeat, prompting him to target the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</a>, driving them to <a href="/wiki/Khaybar" title="Khaybar">Khaybar</a> and other settlements, and seizing their property. The Quraysh, with their caravans still under attack and urged by the Jews in Khaybar, recognized the importance of occupying Medina. They negotiated with various <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> tribes and managed to raise 10,000 troops.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993370-10">[10]</a> To defend against the Quraysh troops, Muhammad, advised by one of his followers, ordered a trench to be dug around Medina. This led to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Battle of the Trench</a>. The trench hampered the Quraysh advance, and Muhammad conducted secret negotiations with the <a href="/wiki/Ghatafan" title="Ghatafan">Ghatafan</a> to induce distrust among his enemies. Unfavorable weather eventually caused the besiegers to lose morale and retire. Afterwards, Muhammad turned his attention to the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a>, who were accused of betraying the Muslims by conspiring with the Quraysh. Following a siege, their men were judged to be executed, while the women and children were taken captive. This event marked a significant turning point, with Muhammad consolidating his control in Medina. Muhammad's focus then shifted to other tribes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Lahyan" title="Banu Lahyan">Banu Lahyan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Mustaliq" title="Banu Mustaliq">Banu Mustaliq</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</a> were expelled from Medina after being accused of plotting against Muhammad, and the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Mustaliq" title="Banu Mustaliq">Banu Mustaliq</a> were defeated in battle, with many captives later freed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993371-11">[11]</a> Over time, tensions between Muhammad and the people of Mecca eased, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_al-Hudaybiya" title="Treaty of al-Hudaybiya">Treaty of al-Hudaybiya</a>, a ten-year armistice. Muhammad and his followers were then allowed to perform <a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a> next year in Mecca. A short time later, Muhammad attacked the Jewish-inhabited Khaybar, where he instituted a practice that set a precedent for Muslims later on towards Jews and Christians, namely <a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">jizya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993371-11">[11]</a> He did not slaughter those who surrendered but let them stay and tend their fields, with half the produce going to him and his followers.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The Jewish colony of <a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Qura" title="Wadi al-Qura">Wadi al-Qura</a> also came into his possession with this expedition, making the Muslim community rich.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993371-11">[11]</a> In early 627, Muhammad undertook the Umrah known as the 'fulfilled pilgrimage' in Mecca, during which time he reconciled with his family, the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a>, which was sealed by marrying <a href="/wiki/Maymunah_bint_al-Harith" title="Maymunah bint al-Harith">Maymuna bint al-Harith</a>. Some important people of Mecca, such as Khalid ibn al-Walid and <a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_al-As" title="Amr ibn al-As">Amr ibn al-As</a>, recognized Muhammad as a man of the future in Arabia and converted to Islam. In December 629, after the belligerent party in Mecca, against the advice of Abu Sufyan, decided to support one of their client clans against the Khuzaa, who were allied with Muhammad, resulting in a violation of the Treaty of al-Hudaybiya, Muhammad then set out with his army to Mecca. With those willing to fight from the Mecca side becoming fewer and fewer, Abu Sufyan set out with several others, including Muhammad's friend, Budayl ibn Warqa al-Khuza’i, to ask for amnesty for all the Quraysh who abandoned armed resistance. Muhammad thus managed to enter Mecca unopposed, and almost all the inhabitants adopted Islam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993372-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_leadership">Islamic leadership</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Islamic leadership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 630, Muhammad <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">entered Mecca victoriously</a>, prompting the rest of Quraysh to embrace Islam. Muhammad sought to consolidate the unity of his expanding Muslim community by "winning over this powerful group [the Quraysh]", according to Donner; to that end he guaranteed Qurayshi participation and influence in the nascent Islamic state. Thus, despite their long enmity with Muhammad, the Quraysh were brought in as political and economic partners and became a key component in the Muslim elite. Many leading Qurayshi tribesmen were installed in key government positions and in Muhammad's policy-making circle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner198177-28">[28]</a> According to Donner, the inclusion of Quraysh "in the ruling elite of the Islamic state was very probably responsible for what appears to be the more carefully organized and systematic approach to statesmanship practiced by Muhammad in the closing years of his life, as the organizational skills of the Quraysh were put to use in the service of Islam".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner198177%E2%80%9378-29">[29]</a> With Muhammad's death in 632, rivalry emerged between the Quraysh and the two other components of the Muslim elite, the <a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Ansar</a> and the Thaqif, over influence in state matters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner1981273-30">[30]</a> The Ansar wanted one of their own to succeed the prophet as <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a>, but were persuaded by <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> to agree to Abu Bakr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986435-13">[13]</a> During the reigns of Abu Bakr (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 632–634) and Umar (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 634–644), some of the Ansar were concerned about their political stake.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner1981273%E2%80%93274-31">[31]</a> The Quraysh apparently held real power during this period marked by the <a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Muslim conquests</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/First_Fitna" title="First Fitna">First Fitna</a>, the Ansar, who backed Caliph <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> of the Banu Hashim against two factions representing rival Qurayshi clans, were defeated. They were subsequently left out of the political elite, while the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Thaqif" title="Banu Thaqif">Thaqif</a> maintained a measure of influence by dint of their long relationship with the Quraysh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner1981274-32">[32]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> holding that the caliph must be from Quraysh became almost universally accepted by the Muslims, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Kharijites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986435-13">[13]</a> Indeed, control of the Islamic state essentially devolved into a struggle between various factions of the Quraysh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner1981274-32">[32]</a> In the first civil war, these factions included the Banu Umayya represented by <a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I">Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan</a>, the Banu Hashim represented by Ali, and other Qurayshi leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Al-Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam">al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam</a> of the Banu Asad and <a href="/wiki/Talha_ibn_Ubayd_Allah" title="Talha ibn Ubayd Allah">Talha ibn Ubayd Allah</a> of the Banu Taym.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner1981274%E2%80%93275-33">[33]</a> Later, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Fitna" title="Second Fitna">Second Fitna</a>, these same factions again fought for control of the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a> victorious at the war's conclusion in 692/693. In 750, the issue of which Qurayshi clan would hold the reins of power was again raised but this time, the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasids</a>, a branch of the Banu Hashim, were victorious and slew much of the Banu Umayya. Afterward, Islamic leadership was contested between different branches of the Banu Hashim.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner1981275-34">[34]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Clans">Clans</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Clans" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Clan </th> <th>Genealogy </th> <th>Alliances </th> <th>Notable members </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banu_Abd_al-Dar" title="Banu Abd al-Dar">Banu Abd al-Dar</a> </td> <td>Abd al-Dar ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Ahlafs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mus%27ab_ibn_Umayr" title="Mus'ab ibn Umayr">Mus'ab ibn Umayr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banu_Makhzum" title="Banu Makhzum">Banu Makhzum</a> </td> <td>Makhzum ibn Yaqaza ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Ahlafs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Jahl">Abou Jahl</a>, Walid ibn Al-Mughira, Abu Hudhaifah ibn al-Mughirah <a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid">Khalid ibn al-Walid</a>, </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banu_Adi" title="Banu Adi">Banu Adi</a> </td> <td>Adi ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Ahlafs </td> <td>Al-Khattâb ibn Nufayl <a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_Al-Khattab" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar ibn Al-Khattab">Umar ibn Al-Khattab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Amr" title="Zayd ibn Amr">Zayd ibn Amr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa%27_bint_Abdullah" title="Al-Shifa' bint Abdullah">Al-Shifa' bint Abdullah</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Umar_ibn_al-Khattab" title="Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab">Abdullah ibn Umar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sahm" title="Banu Sahm">Banu Sahm</a> </td> <td>Sahm ibn Amr ibn Husays ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Ahlafs </td> <td>al-As ibn Wa'il, <a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_al-As" title="Amr ibn al-As">Amr ibn al-As</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banu_Jumah" title="Banu Jumah">Banu Jumah</a> </td> <td>Jumah ibn Amr ibn Husays ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Ahlafs </td> <td>Umayya ibn Khalaf, Soufwan ibn Umayya </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banu_Abd-Shams" title="Banu Abd-Shams">Banu Abd Shams</a> (then <a href="/wiki/Banu_Umayya" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Umayya">Banu Umayya</a>) </td> <td>Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Muttayabun then Ahlaf </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Umayya_ibn_Abd_Shams" title="Umayya ibn Abd Shams">Umayya ibn Abd Shams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sufyan_ibn_Harb" title="Abu Sufyan ibn Harb">Abu Sufyan ibn Harb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uqba_ibn_Abi_Mu%27ayt" title="Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt">Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt</a> <a href="/wiki/Uthman_ibn_Affan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthman ibn Affan">Uthman ibn Affan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umm_Habiba" title="Umm Habiba">Umm Habiba</a> <a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I">Mu'awiya I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banu_Nawfal" title="Banu Nawfal">Banu Nawfal</a> </td> <td>Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Muttayabun then Ahlaf </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jubayr_ibn_Mu%E1%B9%AD%CA%BDim" title="Jubayr ibn Muṭʽim">Jubayr ibn Muṭʽim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banu_%C3%89mir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banu Émir (page does not exist)">Banu Émir</a> </td> <td>Amir ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Suhayl ibn Amr, Abdullah ibn Suhayl </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a> (then <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abd al-Muttalib">Banu Abd al-Muttalib</a>) </td> <td>Hashim ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Muttayabun then Fudul </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abd al-Muttalib">Abd al-Muttalib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_ibn_Abdul_Muttalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Talib ibn Abdul Muttalib">Abu Talib ibn Abdul Muttalib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Abbas_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banu_Zuhrah" title="Banu Zuhrah">Banu Zuhrah</a> </td> <td>Zuhra ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Muttayabun then Fudul </td> <td>'Abd Manaf ibn Zuhra, <a href="/wiki/Wahb_ibn_%27Abd_Manaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahb ibn 'Abd Manaf">Wahb ibn 'Abd Manaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amina_bint_Wahb" title="Amina bint Wahb">Aminah</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_Awf" title="Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf">Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sa%60d_ibn_Abi_Waqqas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas">Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banu_Taym" title="Banu Taym">Banu Taym</a> </td> <td>Taym ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Muttayabun then Fudul </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> <a href="/wiki/Talha_ibn_Ubayd_Allah" title="Talha ibn Ubayd Allah">Talha ibn Ubayd Allah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha bint Abi Bakr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asmaa_bint_Abu_Bakr" class="mw-redirect" title="Asmaa bint Abu Bakr">Asma bint Abi Bakr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banu_Asad" title="Banu Asad">Banu Asad</a> </td> <td>Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Muttayabun then Fudul </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khadija_bint_Khuwaylid" title="Khadija bint Khuwaylid">Khadija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waraqah_ibn_Nawfal" title="Waraqah ibn Nawfal">Waraqah ibn Nawfal</a> <a href="/wiki/Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam" title="Zubayr ibn al-Awwam">Zubayr ibn al-Awwam</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_az-Zubayr" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Allah ibn az-Zubayr">Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banu_al-Harith_ibn_Fihr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banu al-Harith ibn Fihr (page does not exist)">Banu al-Harith ibn Fihr</a> </td> <td>Al-Harith ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Muttayabun then Fudul </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubayda_ibn_al-Jarrah" title="Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah">Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banu_Mutallib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banu Mutallib (page does not exist)">Banu Mutallib</a> </td> <td>Al-Mutallib ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">[15]</a> </td> <td>Fudul </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Shafi%CA%BDi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shafiʽi">Al-Shafiʽi</a> (famous scholar) </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Quraysh_relationship_tree">Quraysh relationship tree</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Quraysh relationship tree" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-size:88%;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Quraysh_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Quraysh tribe">Quraysh tribe</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" 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style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad family tree">Sufyanids</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad family tree">Marwanids</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">al-Ḥasan</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">al-Ḥusayn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Husayn_ibn_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali">Family tree</a>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyya" title="Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya">Abu Hasim</a> (Imām of <a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_al-Thaqafi" title="Mukhtar al-Thaqafi">al-Mukhtār</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hashimiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashimiyya">Hashimiyya</a>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_ibn_Abdallah" title="Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah">Muhammad "al-Imām"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abbasids" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasids">Abbasids</a>)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Imam" title="Ibrahim al-Imam">Ibrāhim "al-Imām"</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightBlue;"><a href="/wiki/As-Saffah" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Saffah">al-Saffāḥ</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">al-Mansur</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawk_of_Quraish" title="Hawk of Quraish">Hawk of Quraish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty" title="Umayyad dynasty">Umayyad dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjay" title="Medjay">Medjay</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworthLewisPellatDonzel1998434-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworthLewisPellatDonzel1998434_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBosworthLewisPellatDonzel1998">Bosworth et al. 1998</a>, p. 434. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworthLewisPellatDonzel1998435-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworthLewisPellatDonzel1998435_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBosworthLewisPellatDonzel1998">Bosworth et al. 1998</a>, p. 435. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBuhlWelch1993">Buhl & Welch 1993</a>, p. 364. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad">"Muhammad | Biography, History, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. 2023-05-24. Retrieved 2023-05-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Muhammad+%7C+Biography%2C+History%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMuhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuraysh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200235–36-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis200235%E2%80%9336_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis200235%E2%80%9336_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewis2002">Lewis 2002</a>, p. 35–36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364-367-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364-367_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBuhlWelch1993">Buhl & Welch 1993</a>, p. 364-367. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/islamicarch2011/14180.html">"Aws and Khazraj"</a>. www.brown.edu. 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986435_13-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986435_13-8">i</a> <a href="#CITEREFWatt1986">Watt 1986</a>, p. 435. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters199414-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters199414_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeters1994">Peters 1994</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986434_15-19">t</a> <a href="#CITEREFWatt1986">Watt 1986</a>, p. 434. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters199414–15-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters199414%E2%80%9315_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeters1994">Peters 1994</a>, pp. 14–15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters199415-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters199415_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeters1994">Peters 1994</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters199415–16-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters199415%E2%80%9316_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeters1994">Peters 1994</a>, pp. 15–16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters199416-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters199416_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeters1994">Peters 1994</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawting200022-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawting200022_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawting200022_20-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHawting2000">Hawting 2000</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFück1965883-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEF%C3%BCck1965883_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFF%C3%BCck1965">Fück 1965</a>, p. 883. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFück1965884-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEF%C3%BCck1965884_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFF%C3%BCck1965">Fück 1965</a>, p. 884. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner198151-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner198151_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner198151_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner198151_23-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonner1981">Donner 1981</a>, p. 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner198152-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner198152_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonner1981">Donner 1981</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364-369-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364-369_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364-369_25-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBuhlWelch1993">Buhl & Welch 1993</a>, p. 364-369. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1961124–127-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1961124%E2%80%93127_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1961124%E2%80%93127_26-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWatt1961">Watt 1961</a>, pp. 124–127. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeitlin2007" class="citation book cs1">Zeitlin, Irving M. (2007-03-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sbhJJ7AOLL4C">The Historical Muhammad</a>. Polity. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-3999-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-3999-4"><bdi>978-0-7456-3999-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Muhammad&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2007-03-19&rft.isbn=978-0-7456-3999-4&rft.aulast=Zeitlin&rft.aufirst=Irving+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsbhJJ7AOLL4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuraysh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner198177-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner198177_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonner1981">Donner 1981</a>, p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner198177–78-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner198177%E2%80%9378_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonner1981">Donner 1981</a>, pp. 77–78. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner1981273-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner1981273_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonner1981">Donner 1981</a>, p. 273. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner1981273–274-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner1981273%E2%80%93274_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonner1981">Donner 1981</a>, pp. 273–274. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner1981274-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner1981274_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner1981274_32-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonner1981">Donner 1981</a>, p. 274. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner1981274–275-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner1981274%E2%80%93275_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonner1981">Donner 1981</a>, pp. 274–275. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner1981275-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner1981275_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonner1981">Donner 1981</a>, p. 275. </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quraysh&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2002" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Bernard (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-arabs-in-history-9780192803108?cc=us&lang=en&">The Arabs in History</a>. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280310-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280310-8"><bdi>978-0-19-280310-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabs+in+History&rft.place=Oxford%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280310-8&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Facademic%2Fproduct%2Fthe-arabs-in-history-9780192803108%3Fcc%3Dus%26lang%3Den%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuraysh" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworthLewisPellatDonzel1998" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, C. E.; Lewis; Pellat; Donzel, E. J. van (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/1484">Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume V (Khe-Mahi): [Fasc. 79-98, 98a]</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07819-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07819-2"><bdi>978-90-04-07819-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Volume+V+%28Khe-Mahi%29%3A+%5BFasc.+79-98%2C+98a%5D&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-90-04-07819-2&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=C.+E.&rft.au=Lewis&rft.au=Pellat&rft.au=Donzel%2C+E.+J.+van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fedcollbook%2Ftitle%2F1484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuraysh" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuhlWelch1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Buhl, F.; Welch, A.T. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/muhammad-COM_0780">"Muḥammad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a>. Vol. 7 (2nd ed.). Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09419-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09419-2"><bdi>978-90-04-09419-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09419-2&rft.aulast=Buhl&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Welch%2C+A.T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fmuhammad-COM_0780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuraysh" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonner1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Donner" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred M. Donner">Donner, Fred M.</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l5__AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51">The Early Islamic Conquests</a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400847877" title="Special:BookSources/9781400847877"><bdi>9781400847877</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Islamic+Conquests&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9781400847877&rft.aulast=Donner&rft.aufirst=Fred+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl5__AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuraysh" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFück1965" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Fück, J. W. (1965). "Fidjār". In Lewis, B; Pellat, Ch; Schacht, J. (eds.). <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Islam">Encyclopedia of Islam</a>. Vol. 2 C–G (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. pp. 883–884. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-07026-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-07026-5"><bdi>90-04-07026-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fidj%C4%81r&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=883-884&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=90-04-07026-5&rft.aulast=F%C3%BCck&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuraysh" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawting2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Hawting" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald R. Hawting">Hawting, G. R.</a> (2000) [1986]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9J2CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA21">The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750</a> (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-24073-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-24073-5"><bdi>0-415-24073-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Dynasty+of+Islam%3A+The+Umayyad+Caliphate+AD+661%E2%80%93750&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-415-24073-5&rft.aulast=Hawting&rft.aufirst=G.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9J2CAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuraysh" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Edward_Peters" title="Francis Edward Peters">Peters, F. E.</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tdb6F1qVDhkC&pg=PA13">Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land</a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-03267-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-03267-X"><bdi>0-691-03267-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mecca%3A+A+Literary+History+of+the+Muslim+Holy+Land&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-691-03267-X&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=F.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtdb6F1qVDhkC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuraysh" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt1961" class="citation book cs1">Watt, W. Montgomery (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zLN2hNidLw4C">Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-881078-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-881078-0"><bdi>978-0-19-881078-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+Prophet+and+Statesman&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-0-19-881078-0&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzLN2hNidLw4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuraysh" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt1986" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/W._Montgomery_Watt" title="W. Montgomery Watt">Watt, W. Montgomery</a> (1986). "Kuraysh". <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Islam">Encyclopedia of Islam</a>. Vol. V: Khe–Mahi (New ed.). Leiden and New York: Brill. pp. 434–435. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-07819-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-07819-3"><bdi>90-04-07819-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kuraysh&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.place=Leiden+and+New+York&rft.pages=434-435&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=90-04-07819-3&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuraysh" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 25 November 2024, at 11:20 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureu%C3%ABng_Arab_Kurais" title="Ureuëng Arab Kurais – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Ureuëng Arab Kurais" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="قريش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قريش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%AB" title="ܩܘܪܝܫ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܘܪܝܫ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="কুৰাইশ্ব – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কুৰাইশ্ব" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qurey%C5%9F" title="Qureyş – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qureyş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="قریش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قریش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B6" title="কুরাইশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুরাইশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ҡорайыштар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡорайыштар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Курейши – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Курейши" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurej%C5%A1" title="Kurejš – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kurejš" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraix" title="Quraix – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quraix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuraj%C5%A1ovci" title="Kurajšovci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kurajšovci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Quraysh" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="قريش – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قريش" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraisch" title="Quraisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quraisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraishi_h%C3%B5im" title="Quraishi hõim – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Quraishi hõim" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%8A%CF%83%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Κουραϊσίτες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κουραϊσίτες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraichitas" title="Coraichitas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coraichitas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuraj%C5%9Doj" title="Kurajŝoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kurajŝoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraix" title="Quraix – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Quraix" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="قریش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قریش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraych" title="Quraych – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quraych" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C%EC%A1%B1" title="쿠라이시족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠라이시족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98uraishawa" title="Ƙuraishawa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƙuraishawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="क़ुरैश क़बीला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क़ुरैश क़बीला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurej%C5%A1" title="Kurejš – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kurejš" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Quraisy" title="Suku Quraisy – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Quraisy" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quraysh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9" title="שבט קורייש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שבט קורייש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Kur%C3%A8s" title="Wong Kurès – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wong Kurès" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕುರೈಷ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕುರೈಷ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კურაიშები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კურაიშები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88_%D3%99%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Құрайыш әулеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құрайыш әулеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qurey%C5%9F_(e%C5%9F%C3%AEr)" title="Qureyş (eşîr) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qureyş (eşîr)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurajs-t%C3%B6rzs" title="Kurajs-törzs – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kurajs-törzs" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koraisa" title="Koraisa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Koraisa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D" title="ഖുറൈഷ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖുറൈഷ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="قريش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قريش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraisy" title="Quraisy – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Quraisy" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Quraisy" title="Bani Quraisy – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bani Quraisy" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoeraisj" title="Qoeraisj – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Qoeraisj" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E6%97%8F" title="クライシュ族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クライシュ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88" title="Къурайш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къурайш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraisj" title="Quraisj – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Quraisj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraisj" title="Quraisj – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Quraisj" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Quraysh" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="قریش – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قریش" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="قريش – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قريش" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurajszyci" title="Kurajszyci – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kurajszyci" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraixitas" title="Coraixitas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coraixitas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Курайшиты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Курайшиты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurejsh" title="Kurejsh – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kurejsh" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Quraysh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="قريش – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قريش" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuraj%C5%A1ovci" title="Kurajšovci – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kurajšovci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Quraysh" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%DA%95%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="قوڕەیش – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قوڕەیش" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%88" title="Курејш – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Курејш" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurej%C5%A1" title="Kurejš – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kurejš" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Quraisy" title="Suku Quraisy – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suku Quraisy" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qurai%C5%A1" title="Quraiš – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Quraiš" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qureish" title="Qureish – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Qureish" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="குறைசி மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குறைசி மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qurayc" title="Qurayc – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Qurayc" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C" title="กุร็อยช์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กุร็อยช์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurey%C5%9F" title="Kureyş – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kureyş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Курайшити – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Курайшити" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="قریش – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قریش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%87%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="قۇرەيش – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قۇرەيش" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quraysh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8E%B1%E4%BB%80" title="古莱什 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="古莱什" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BE%86%E6%B0%8F" title="古來氏 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="古來氏" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qurey%C5%9F" title="Qureyş – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qureyş" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8E%B1%E4%BB%80" title="古莱什 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古莱什" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 11:20 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-x6twb","wgBackendResponseTime":159,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.180","walltime":"1.367","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8241,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":492332,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7273,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":90389,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1095.950 1 -total"," 20.36% 223.179 72 Template:Sfn"," 18.32% 200.794 25 Template:Navbox"," 18.24% 199.848 1 Template:Infobox_tribe"," 17.85% 195.672 1 Template:Infobox"," 14.80% 162.156 2 Template:Nobold"," 14.49% 158.779 1 Template:Lang"," 10.86% 119.024 1 Template:Reflist"," 10.70% 117.213 1 Template:Muhammad"," 10.49% 114.936 1 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