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Recipes · OpenRefine/OpenRefine Wiki · GitHub
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13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"security_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/security"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Security</div> Find and fix vulnerabilities </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"actions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"actions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/actions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7v4.063C7 16.355 7.644 17 8.438 17H12.5v-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5H8.437A2.939 2.939 0 0 1 5.5 15.562V11.5H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2Zm2-.5a.5.5 0 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0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M1.5 4.25c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v12.5a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75h-9.69l-3.573 3.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 5 21.043V18.5H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM3.25 4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.19l3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h10a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V4.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Review</div> Manage code changes </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"discussions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"discussions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/discussions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" 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8.351a1.312 1.312 0 0 1-1.146 1.954H1.33A1.313 1.313 0 0 1 .183 9.058ZM7 7V3H5v4Zm-1 3a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span></span> </div> </div> <div data-target="query-builder.screenReaderFeedback" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" class="sr-only"></div> </query-builder></form> <div class="d-flex flex-row color-fg-muted px-3 text-small color-bg-default search-feedback-prompt"> <a target="_blank" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax" data-view-component="true" class="Link color-fg-accent text-normal ml-2"> Search syntax tips </a> <div class="d-flex flex-1"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </modal-dialog></div> </div> <div data-action="click:qbsearch-input#retract" class="dark-backdrop position-fixed" hidden data-target="qbsearch-input.darkBackdrop"></div> <div class="color-fg-default"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="qbsearch-input.feedbackDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="feedback-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="feedback-dialog-title" aria-describedby="feedback-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div class="Overlay-titleWrap"> <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="feedback-dialog-title"> Provide feedback </h1> </div> <div class="Overlay-actionWrap"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="feedback-dialog-title"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="code-search-feedback-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/feedback" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="t4II6dkZQaQvyq9UsgTXhFNfinav9g0ryrPMRdtA0i4kS6HmjY+wVz907F+kSfzQaPKkTzjz/1CbIaC/MT7cYA==" /> <p>We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> <label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label> </form></div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel </button> <button form="code-search-feedback-form" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#submitFeedback" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Submit feedback </button> </div> </dialog></dialog-helper> <custom-scopes data-target="qbsearch-input.customScopesManager"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="custom-scopes-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="custom-scopes-dialog-title" aria-describedby="custom-scopes-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header Overlay-header--divided"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div class="Overlay-titleWrap"> <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="custom-scopes-dialog-title"> Saved searches </h1> <h2 id="custom-scopes-dialog-description" class="Overlay-description">Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly</h2> </div> <div class="Overlay-actionWrap"> <button data-close-dialog-id="custom-scopes-dialog" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="custom-scopes-dialog-title"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <div hidden class="create-custom-scope-form" data-target="custom-scopes.createCustomScopeForm"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/custom_scopes" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="Cl5yVTLL4REZ6CqMaNupHCzZA650/IXcy0FYHF1L3UiVCEssiXdLgWJ1RBVzkrTNCgqFuz2tGxXtXVPi9UQ2fg==" /> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <input type="hidden" id="custom_scope_id" name="custom_scope_id" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesIdField"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="custom_scope_name">Name</label> <auto-check 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class="d-flex flex-column flex-md-row gh-header"> <h1 class="flex-auto min-width-0 mb-2 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-2 gh-header-title">Recipes</h1> <div class="mt-0 mt-lg-1 flex-shrink-0 gh-header-actions"> <a href="#wiki-pages-box" class="d-md-none pl-2 float-right">Jump to bottom</a> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes/_edit" data-view-component="true" class="Button--secondary Button--small Button ml-0"> <span class="Button-content"> <span class="Button-label">Edit</span> </span> </a> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/_new" data-view-component="true" class="Button--primary Button--small Button"> <span class="Button-content"> <span class="Button-label">New page</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="mt-2 mt-md-1 pb-3 gh-header-meta"> lucyschrader edited this page <relative-time datetime="2024-04-11T03:36:34Z" class="no-wrap">Apr 11, 2024</relative-time> · <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes/_history" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--underline">37 revisions</a> </div> <div id="wiki-content" class="mt-4"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout Layout--flowRow-until-md Layout--sidebarPosition-end Layout--sidebarPosition-flowRow-end"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout-main"> <div id="wiki-body" class="gollum-markdown-content"> <div class="markdown-body"> <ul> <li><a href="#1-numbers">1. Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="#2-string-manipulation">2. String Manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="#3-dates-and-time">3. Dates and Time</a></li> <li><a href="#4-json">4. JSON</a></li> <li><a href="#5-fetch-urls-and-web-scraping">5. Fetch URLs and Web scraping</a></li> <li><a href="#6-duplicate-patterns">6. Duplicate patterns</a></li> <li><a href="#7-columns">7. Columns</a></li> <li><a href="#8-error-handling">8. Error Handling</a></li> <li><a href="#9-encoding-issues">9. Encoding Issues</a></li> <li><a href="#10-records-and-rows">10. Records and Rows</a></li> <li><a href="#11-clojure">11. Clojure</a></li> <li><a href="#12-templating-exporter">12. Templating exporter</a></li> <li><a href="#13-reconciliation">13. Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="#14-wikibase">14. Wikibase</a></li> </ul> <p><i><a href="http://ecotrust-canada.github.io/markdown-toc/" rel="nofollow">Table of contents generated with markdown-toc</a></i></p> <p>This page collects OpenRefine recipes, small workflows and code fragments that show you how to achieve specific things with OpenRefine.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">1. Numbers</h1><a id="user-content-1-numbers" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 1. Numbers" href="#1-numbers"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Parse and format Phone Numbers</h3><a id="user-content-parse-and-format-phone-numbers" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Parse and format Phone Numbers" href="#parse-and-format-phone-numbers"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p><a class="internal present" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Jython#working-with-phone-numbers-using-java-libraries-inside-python">Jython#working-with-phone-numbers-using-java-libraries-inside-python</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Convert to Decimal Latitude or Longitude</h3><a id="user-content-convert-to-decimal-latitude-or-longitude" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Convert to Decimal Latitude or Longitude" href="#convert-to-decimal-latitude-or-longitude"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>For a string holding longitude/latitude information in the format XX degrees, XX minutes, XX.XX seconds the following can be used.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" forNonBlank(value[0,2], v, v.toNumber(), 0) + forNonBlank(value[2,4], v, v.toNumber()/60.0, 0) + forNonBlank(value[4,6], v, v.toNumber()/3600.0, 0) + forNonBlank(value[6,8], v, v.toNumber()/360000.0, 0)"><pre class="notranslate"><code> forNonBlank(value[0,2], v, v.toNumber(), 0) + forNonBlank(value[2,4], v, v.toNumber()/60.0, 0) + forNonBlank(value[4,6], v, v.toNumber()/3600.0, 0) + forNonBlank(value[6,8], v, v.toNumber()/360000.0, 0) </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">ISBN-10</h3><a id="user-content-isbn-10" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: ISBN-10" href="#isbn-10"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Compute ISBN-10 check digit:<code>grel:sum(forRange(1,10,1,i,toNumber(value[i])**i))%11</code></p> <p>Check computed value against check digit: <code>grel:if(value==10,'X',toString(round(value)))==cells['ISBN10'].value[10]</code></p> <p>Convert ISBN-10 check digit to number ('X' == 10) <code>grel:if(toLowercase(value[10])=='x',10,toNumber(value[10]))</code></p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Convert an ISBN-10 to ISBN-13</h3><a id="user-content-convert-an-isbn-10-to-isbn-13" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Convert an ISBN-10 to ISBN-13" href="#convert-an-isbn-10-to-isbn-13"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Take the first 9 digits and prepend 978: <code>grel:'978'+value[0,9]</code></p> <p>Compute the ISBN-13 check digit: <code>grel:((10-(sum(forRange(0,12,1,i,toNumber(value[i])*(1+(i%2*2)) )) %10)) %10).toString()[0]</code></p> <p>Append the check digit to the 12-digit base: <code>grel: value + ((10-(sum(forRange(0,12,1,i,toNumber(value[i])*(1+(i%2*2)) )) %10)) %10).toString()[0]</code></p> <p>Or, do it all in one expression: <code>with('978'+value[0,9],v,v+((10-(sum(forRange(0,12,1,i,toNumber(v[i])*(1+(i%2*2)) )) %10)) %10).toString()[0] )</code></p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">2. String manipulation</h1><a id="user-content-2-string-manipulation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 2. String manipulation" href="#2-string-manipulation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Here are some examples of possible types of common string manipulation operations that you might encounter and how they can be achieved with the <a class="internal present" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/GREL-Functions">GREL-Functions</a>. See also <a class="internal present" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/GREL-String-Functions">GREL String Functions</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Extract out the first value in a multi-valued cell</h3><a id="user-content-extract-out-the-first-value-in-a-multi-valued-cell" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Extract out the first value in a multi-valued cell" href="#extract-out-the-first-value-in-a-multi-valued-cell"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>So if the cell was:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Doe, J; Smith, JD; Andersen SL"><pre class="notranslate"><code>Doe, J; Smith, JD; Andersen SL </code></pre></div> <p>And you want your new cell to be:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Doe, J"><pre class="notranslate"><code>Doe, J </code></pre></div> <p>You can use the GREL function 'split'. Because you want this in a new column, you need to use the 'Column->Add column based on this column' menu option. And use the GREL:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.split(";")[0]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.split(";")[0] </code></pre></div> <p>The first part (value.split(";")) will split the value into an array (list) using a semicolon as the character to split it up. The [0] directs OpenRefine to take the first item from the list created by the 'split' command. (and you can guess, using [1] instead would take the second value, [2] the third, etc.)</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Change "2010-05-31T01:10:0Z" to "05/31/2010"</h3><a id="user-content-change-2010-05-31t01100z-to-05312010" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Change "2010-05-31T01:10:0Z" to "05/31/2010"" href="#change-2010-05-31t01100z-to-05312010"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>One way to do this is to use GREL's slice function.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" value.slice(5, 7) + '/' + value.slice(8, 10) + '/' + value.slice(0, 4)"><pre class="notranslate"><code> value.slice(5, 7) + '/' + value.slice(8, 10) + '/' + value.slice(0, 4) </code></pre></div> <p>Another way to do this is to convert this to a Date data type, then convert back to a string with the specified format:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" toString(toDate(value),"dd/MM/yyyy")"><pre class="notranslate"><code> toString(toDate(value),"dd/MM/yyyy") </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Trim whitespace from beginning and end of values</h3><a id="user-content-trim-whitespace-from-beginning-and-end-of-values" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Trim whitespace from beginning and end of values" href="#trim-whitespace-from-beginning-and-end-of-values"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" value.trim()"><pre class="notranslate"><code> value.trim() </code></pre></div> <p>or if you have non-breaking spaces <code>&nbsp</code> on both ends then you might try this instead:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" split(escape(value,'xml'),"&#160;")[0]"><pre class="notranslate"><code> split(escape(value,'xml'),"&#160;")[0] </code></pre></div> <p>If you don't know what kind of whitespace character is present, and they are not removed using 'trim' you can create a new column using:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.escape("javascript")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.escape("javascript") </code></pre></div> <p>This should reveal the types of whitespace that are in the original column, and allow you to target them for removal.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Titlecase that works on hyphenated names</h3><a id="user-content-titlecase-that-works-on-hyphenated-names" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Titlecase that works on hyphenated names" href="#titlecase-that-works-on-hyphenated-names"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>If you have a "name" column with values like "FOTHERINGTON-THOMAS", this will convert correctly to "Fotherington-Thomas" (more detailed explanation <a href="http://www.rmorrison.net/mnemozzyne/google-refine-and-fotherington-thomas-issue" rel="nofollow">here</a></p> <p>replace(toTitlecase(replace(value,"-",".")),".","-")</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Replacing Chars, Punctuation, etc using regular expressions</h3><a id="user-content-replacing-chars-punctuation-etc-using-regular-expressions" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Replacing Chars, Punctuation, etc using regular expressions" href="#replacing-chars-punctuation-etc-using-regular-expressions"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Replace will take a regular expression, e.g.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" value.replace(/[%@#!]/,' ')"><pre class="notranslate"><code> value.replace(/[%@#!]/,' ') </code></pre></div> <p>You can also use character classes to replace all punctuation characters with spaces</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" value.replace(/\p{Punct}/,' ')"><pre class="notranslate"><code> value.replace(/\p{Punct}/,' ') </code></pre></div> <p>If you ever do have to do multiple replaces, you can chain them together e.g.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" value.replace('w','x').replace('y','z')"><pre class="notranslate"><code> value.replace('w','x').replace('y','z') </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">"someprefix_a2343" -> "a2343"</h3><a id="user-content-someprefix_a2343---a2343" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: "someprefix_a2343" -> "a2343"" href="#someprefix_a2343---a2343"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>You can use</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" value.replace("someprefix_","")"><pre class="notranslate"><code> value.replace("someprefix_","") </code></pre></div> <p>basically replacing what you don't want with the empty string.</p> <p>Note that "replace" replaces all instances of that first string in the cell value so see the next recipe for that case.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h4 class="heading-element">"blah_2342_blah_1232" -> "2342_blah_1232"</h4><a id="user-content-blah_2342_blah_1232---2342_blah_1232" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: "blah_2342_blah_1232" -> "2342_blah_1232"" href="#blah_2342_blah_1232---2342_blah_1232"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Here we can't replace "blah" with "" because it would change the second occurrence as well. So we can use this</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.partition("blah_")[2]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.partition("blah_")[2] </code></pre></div> <p>that will chop the value in an array of three strings</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="["","blah_","2342_blah_1232"]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>["","blah_","2342_blah_1232"] </code></pre></div> <p>and we get the 3rd value (remember that the arrays in OpenRefine, like in most programming languages start from 0, so <code>[2]</code> is actually the third value).</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">"a:b:c:d:e" -> "b:c:d"</h3><a id="user-content-abcde---bcd" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: "a:b:c:d:e" -> "b:c:d"" href="#abcde---bcd"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Sometimes the strings are more complicated and the only thing they have in common is a character separator. In that case, it's handy to use "split" and "join" together like this:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.split(":")[1,3].join(":")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.split(":")[1,3].join(":") </code></pre></div> <p>which "splits" the string around the ":" separating character in an array of 5 strings</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="["a","b","c","d","e"]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>["a","b","c","d","e"] </code></pre></div> <p>then you select only the range between the 2nd and 4th and you get</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="["b","c","d"]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>["b","c","d"] </code></pre></div> <p>then you join them together with the same separator character ":" and you get what you wanted "b:c:d".</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Unique separator for split / join multi-valued cells</h3><a id="user-content-unique-separator-for-split--join-multi-valued-cells" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Unique separator for split / join multi-valued cells" href="#unique-separator-for-split--join-multi-valued-cells"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Do not choose a string as a separator that might be present somewhere in your data. Consider using these uncommon UTF-8 strings via copy & paste:</p> <ul> <li>Unit Separator: ␟ (U+241F)</li> <li>Record Separator: ␞ (U+241E)</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Pad with leading zeroes</h3><a id="user-content-pad-with-leading-zeroes" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Pad with leading zeroes" href="#pad-with-leading-zeroes"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>If you need to fill out a number with for example leading zeroes up to four characters try,</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=""0000"[0,4-value.length()] + value"><pre class="notranslate"><code>"0000"[0,4-value.length()] + value </code></pre></div> <p>This provides a string of zeroes from which we ask for the first 4-length(value) characters using the string slicing action of [start, offset].</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Finding Proper Names or People Names in a String</h3><a id="user-content-finding-proper-names-or-people-names-in-a-string" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Finding Proper Names or People Names in a String" href="#finding-proper-names-or-people-names-in-a-string"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>To find Proper Names using the full Latin Character set you can use a <code>find()</code> with some regex.</p> <p>(the <code>join()</code> at the end is needed to pluck out the strings since <code>find()</code> outputs an array)</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.find(/([A-Z]([a-z]|[\u00C0-\u00FF])+)\s([A-Z]([a-z]|[\u00C0-\u00FF])+)/).join(" | ")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.find(/([A-Z]([a-z]|[\u00C0-\u00FF])+)\s([A-Z]([a-z]|[\u00C0-\u00FF])+)/).join(" | ") </code></pre></div> <p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/986438/42653199-5d439e12-85da-11e8-9f37-e17c2217653f.PNG" alt="stuff"></p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Separate letters and digits e.g. Aug13 -> Aug 13</h3><a id="user-content-separate-letters-and-digits-eg-aug13---aug-13" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Separate letters and digits e.g. Aug13 -> Aug 13" href="#separate-letters-and-digits-eg-aug13---aug-13"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.replace(/(\p{IsAlphabetic})(?=\d)/,'$1 ')"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.replace(/(\p{IsAlphabetic})(?=\d)/,'$1 ') </code></pre></div> <ul> <li>(\p{IsAlphabetic}) is any Unicode alphabetic character, wrapping it in parens makes it a "matching group"</li> <li>(?=\d) is a "lookahead". it basically means "followed by any digit"</li> <li>$1 means "first matching group", or the letter that was matched by the first bullet above. Adapted from this <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11941487/javascript-regexp-if-a-letter-is-adjacent-to-a-number-add-an-underscore" rel="nofollow">StackOverflow%20answer</a> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Find a sub pattern that exists at the end of a string</h3><a id="user-content-find-a-sub-pattern-that-exists-at-the-end-of-a-string" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Find a sub pattern that exists at the end of a string" href="#find-a-sub-pattern-that-exists-at-the-end-of-a-string"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Sometimes you have a need beyond just <code>endsWith</code> to find a varying substring and want to know if that variable pattern is found at the end of a string. You can add a Custom Text Facet and find this variable pattern with regex delimited by <code>/</code> characters such as <code>/.*(PR\d+)/</code></p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.endsWith(get(value.match(/.*(PR\d+)/),0))"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.endsWith(get(value.match(/.*(PR\d+)/),0)) </code></pre></div> <p>Here you have to wrap with <code>get()</code> in order to ask if it <code>endsWith</code> the string version of the returned array from <code>match</code>. <code>endsWith</code> then returns a boolean of True or False if the string ends with your regex pattern, in this case, cells that end with reference numbers that begin with PR followed by any number of decimal digits.</p> <p>An alternative form would be using Regex syntax to find the ending pattern with $ , something like this, where if match() finds the Regex subpattern it outputs the array, otherwise it outputs <code>null</code>, and we then ask if the expression isNull() to get a boolean of true/false.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="isNull("sometextPR12".match(/^.*(PR\d+)$/))"><pre class="notranslate"><code>isNull("sometextPR12".match(/^.*(PR\d+)$/)) </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Remove the last word in a string</h3><a id="user-content-remove-the-last-word-in-a-string" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Remove the last word in a string" href="#remove-the-last-word-in-a-string"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>This uses <code>smartSplit</code> to find the last word <code>[-1]</code> and then wraps <code>partition</code> to keep only the first phrase or part of the string remaining with <code>[0]</code>.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.partition(smartSplit(value," ")[-1])[0]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.partition(smartSplit(value," ")[-1])[0] </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">"00003400340300004" -> ["000034","0034","03","00004"]</h3><a id="user-content-00003400340300004---00003400340300004" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: "00003400340300004" -> ["000034","0034","03","00004"]" href="#00003400340300004---00003400340300004"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Sometimes your content has no char separator because the separation is performed by alignment (in the case of non-delimited files) and padded to certain sizes. In that case, you can use</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.splitByLengths(6,4,2,5)"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.splitByLengths(6,4,2,5) </code></pre></div> <p>where those numbers are the length of the fields respectively.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">split / map / join</h3><a id="user-content-split--map--join" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: split / map / join" href="#split--map--join"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Running this expression</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="forEach(value.split(" "), v, v + v.length()).join(";")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>forEach(value.split(" "), v, v + v.length()).join(";") </code></pre></div> <p>on the text</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="abc defg hi"><pre class="notranslate"><code>abc defg hi </code></pre></div> <p>yields</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="abc3;defg4;hi2"><pre class="notranslate"><code>abc3;defg4;hi2 </code></pre></div> <p>A similar trick can be used to compute, say, word length average</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="with(value.split(" "), a, sum(forEach(a, v, v.length())) / a.length())"><pre class="notranslate"><code>with(value.split(" "), a, sum(forEach(a, v, v.length())) / a.length()) </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">"AT&amp;amp;T" --> "AT&T"</h3><a id="user-content-atampampt----att" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: "AT&amp;amp;T" --> "AT&T"" href="#atampampt----att"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Sometimes you get content that was extracted from web pages or XML documents and contain entities. These are very hard to deal with manually, mostly because there are tons of potential string values between "&" and ";". OpenRefine provides you a convenient command to do this in GREL</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.unescape("html")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.unescape("html") </code></pre></div> <p>Note the few entities are not part of HTML and are part of XML, so if you want to be safe, you can do</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.unescape("html").unescape("xml")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.unescape("html").unescape("xml") </code></pre></div> <p>which will take care of them both.</p> <p>Note that sometimes a string can get escaped several times: "AT&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;T" (yes, trust us, we've seen that in presumably good data sets). When you do a transform on such cells, make sure you check the "Re-transform until no change" checkbox. This causes the expression to get run on each cell's content until the output is the same as the input (or up to 10 times).</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Remove/extract words contained in a file</h3><a id="user-content-removeextract-words-contained-in-a-file" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Remove/extract words contained in a file" href="#removeextract-words-contained-in-a-file"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Example: you want to remove from a text all stopwords contained in a file on your desktop. In this case, use Jython.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="with open(r"C:\Users\YOURUSERNAME\Desktop\stopwords.txt",'r') as f : stopwords = [name.rstrip().lower() for name in f] return " ".join([x for x in value.split(' ') if x.lower() not in stopwords])"><pre class="notranslate"><code>with open(r"C:\Users\YOURUSERNAME\Desktop\stopwords.txt",'r') as f : stopwords = [name.rstrip().lower() for name in f] return " ".join([x for x in value.split(' ') if x.lower() not in stopwords]) </code></pre></div> <p>Obviously, you can use the same method to extract words from cells only if they match those contained in a file. Here is another example with a list of words contained in the first column of a CSV.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" import csv import re #remove punctuation from the value string value = re.sub(ur'[^\w\d\s]+', '', value) with open(r"C:\Users\Ettore\Desktop\countriesoftheworld.csv",'r') as f: reader = csv.reader(f) words_to_match = [col[0].strip().lower() for col in reader] return ",".join([x for x in value.split(' ') if x.lower().strip() in words_to_match])"><pre> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-s1">csv</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-s1">re</span> <span class="pl-c">#remove punctuation from the value string</span> <span class="pl-s1">value</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">re</span>.<span class="pl-en">sub</span>(<span class="pl-s">ur'[^\w\d\s]+'</span>, <span class="pl-s">''</span>, <span class="pl-s1">value</span>) <span class="pl-k">with</span> <span class="pl-en">open</span>(<span class="pl-s">r"C:\Users\Ettore\Desktop\countriesoftheworld.csv"</span>,<span class="pl-s">'r'</span>) <span class="pl-k">as</span> <span class="pl-s1">f</span>: <span class="pl-s1">reader</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">csv</span>.<span class="pl-en">reader</span>(<span class="pl-s1">f</span>) <span class="pl-s1">words_to_match</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> [<span class="pl-s1">col</span>[<span class="pl-c1">0</span>].<span class="pl-en">strip</span>().<span class="pl-en">lower</span>() <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">col</span> <span class="pl-c1">in</span> <span class="pl-s1">reader</span>] <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s">","</span>.<span class="pl-en">join</span>([<span class="pl-s1">x</span> <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">x</span> <span class="pl-c1">in</span> <span class="pl-s1">value</span>.<span class="pl-en">split</span>(<span class="pl-s">' '</span>) <span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-s1">x</span>.<span class="pl-en">lower</span>().<span class="pl-en">strip</span>() <span class="pl-c1">in</span> <span class="pl-s1">words_to_match</span>])</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Replace string list entries</h3><a id="user-content-replace-string-list-entries" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Replace string list entries" href="#replace-string-list-entries"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>You have a cell with joined image URL entries that you have downloaded and named by a <code>identifier</code> + <code>-Image-N</code>.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=""https://url/2a4d7bd5c8e04c.png", "https://url/bbcfb4168a3.png", "https://url/03b9239f6c514ec.png", "https://url/c02ae6689f1d4b14.png", "https://url/67438c.png""><pre class="notranslate"><code>"https://url/2a4d7bd5c8e04c.png", "https://url/bbcfb4168a3.png", "https://url/03b9239f6c514ec.png", "https://url/c02ae6689f1d4b14.png", "https://url/67438c.png" </code></pre></div> <p>You like to rename the list to <code>"identifier-Image-N", "..", ".."</code> so you get this result</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=""identifier-Image-0.png","identifier-Image-1.png","identifier-Image-2.png","identifier-Image-3.png","identifier-Image-4.png""><pre class="notranslate"><code>"identifier-Image-0.png","identifier-Image-1.png","identifier-Image-2.png","identifier-Image-3.png","identifier-Image-4.png" </code></pre></div> <p>You can do this with this expression:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="join(forEachIndex(split(value,","),i,v,"\\"" + cells\['Identifier'\].value + "-Image-" + i + "." + split(v,".")\[length(split(v,"."))-1\]), ",")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>join(forEachIndex(split(value,","),i,v,"\\"" + cells\['Identifier'\].value + "-Image-" + i + "." + split(v,".")\[length(split(v,"."))-1\]), ",") </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">3. Dates and Time</h1><a id="user-content-3-dates-and-time" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 3. Dates and Time" href="#3-dates-and-time"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>GREL has many Date Functions that can work together.</p> <p>For details see: <a class="internal present" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/GREL-Date-Functions">GREL Date Functions</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Comparing Dates in columns</h3><a id="user-content-comparing-dates-in-columns" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Comparing Dates in columns" href="#comparing-dates-in-columns"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>1. The diff function can be used for comparing dates:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="diff(cells['end_date'].value, cells['begin_date'].value, "days")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>diff(cells['end_date'].value, cells['begin_date'].value, "days") </code></pre></div> <p>Negative values should be errors.</p> <p>2. You can also use this GREL form using a math operator "-" and <code>datePart()</code>:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="cells['end_date'].value.datePart("time") - cells['begin_date'].value.datePart("time")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>cells['end_date'].value.datePart("time") - cells['begin_date'].value.datePart("time") </code></pre></div> <p>datePart ("time") expresses each date in milliseconds since January 1, 1970 (Unix Epoch).</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Convert Epoch/Unix time to Date/Time as String</h3><a id="user-content-convert-epochunix-time-to-datetime-as-string" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Convert Epoch/Unix time to Date/Time as String" href="#convert-epochunix-time-to-datetime-as-string"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>For a string holding an Epoch time/Unix time (number of seconds that have elapsed since January 1, 1970 midnight UTC/GMT) convert into an ISO8601 string. This can be done using a <a href="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Jython">Jython transformation:</a></p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import time; epochlong = int(float(value)); datetimestamp = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', time.localtime(epochlong)); return datetimestamp "><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-s1">time</span>; <span class="pl-s1">epochlong</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">int</span>(<span class="pl-en">float</span>(<span class="pl-s1">value</span>)); <span class="pl-s1">datetimestamp</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">time</span>.<span class="pl-en">strftime</span>(<span class="pl-s">'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ'</span>, <span class="pl-s1">time</span>.<span class="pl-en">localtime</span>(<span class="pl-s1">epochlong</span>)); <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">datetimestamp</span> </pre></div> <p>This creates a String. You can subsequently transform this string with <code>value.toDate()</code> To convert it to an OpenRefine Date</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">How to convert Date string back to Unix time</h3><a id="user-content-how-to-convert-date-string-back-to-unix-time" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: How to convert Date string back to Unix time" href="#how-to-convert-date-string-back-to-unix-time"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p><code>value.toDate().datePart("time")</code></p> <p>Date string value: <code>"2017-08-17 04:36:00"</code></p> <p>Output: <code>1502944560</code></p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Convert Time to Minutes</h3><a id="user-content-convert-time-to-minutes" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Convert Time to Minutes" href="#convert-time-to-minutes"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>To convert duration's to minutes:</p> <p><code>toNumber(value.substring(0,2))*60 + (toNumber(value.toDate().datePart('min')) + round((toNumber(value.toDate().datePart('s')))*0.01666666667)) + ' minutes'</code></p> <p>Time string value: <code>"00:40:54.288"</code></p> <p>Output: <code>41 minutes</code></p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">4. JSON</h1><a id="user-content-4-json" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 4. JSON" href="#4-json"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Parse JSON and Create Custom Arrays using forEach()</h3><a id="user-content-parse-json-and-create-custom-arrays-using-foreach" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Parse JSON and Create Custom Arrays using forEach()" href="#parse-json-and-create-custom-arrays-using-foreach"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="forEach(value.parseJson().result,v,[v.score,v.name,v.mid])"><pre class="notranslate"><code>forEach(value.parseJson().result,v,[v.score,v.name,v.mid]) </code></pre></div> <p>then getting your 1st custom result:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="forEach(value.parseJson().result,v,[v.score,v.name,v.mid])[0]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>forEach(value.parseJson().result,v,[v.score,v.name,v.mid])[0] </code></pre></div> <p>to get all instances from a JSON array called "keywords" having the same object string name of "text", combine with the forEach() function to iterate over the array:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="forEach(value.parseJson().keywords,v,v.text).join(":::")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>forEach(value.parseJson().keywords,v,v.text).join(":::") </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Filtering or applying conditional logic to JSON Arrays</h3><a id="user-content-filtering-or-applying-conditional-logic-to-json-arrays" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Filtering or applying conditional logic to JSON Arrays" href="#filtering-or-applying-conditional-logic-to-json-arrays"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>If you want to filter or apply some condition upon each element in a JSON array, then you can use add <code>if()</code> with <code>and()</code> as necessary.</p> <p>Example Data:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-json notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="[{"place_id":"1369428","display_name":"Bīkāner, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India","class":"place","type":"county"}, {"place_id":"187667935","display_name":"Bikaner, Rajasthan, India","class":"boundary","type":"administrative"}, {"place_id":"15181811","display_name":"Bikaner, Bīkāner, Bikaner, Rajasthan, 334001, India","class":"place","type":"city"}]"><pre>[{<span class="pl-ent">"place_id"</span>:<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>1369428<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>,<span class="pl-ent">"display_name"</span>:<span class="pl-ii">"Bīkāner, Bikaner, Rajasthan,</span> <span class="pl-ii">India","class":"place","type":"county"</span>}, {<span class="pl-ent">"place_id"</span>:<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>187667935<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>,<span class="pl-ent">"display_name"</span>:<span class="pl-ii">"Bikaner, Rajasthan,</span> <span class="pl-ii">India","class":"boundary","type":"administrative"</span>}, {<span class="pl-ent">"place_id"</span>:<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>15181811<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>,<span class="pl-ent">"display_name"</span>:<span class="pl-ii">"Bikaner, Bīkāner, Bikaner,</span> <span class="pl-ii">Rajasthan, 334001, India","class":"place","type":"city"</span>}]</pre></div> <p>What if you want to keep only the Json containing <code>"class":"boundary"</code> <strong>and</strong> <code>"type":"administrative"</code>?</p> <p>The Grel formula is a bit complicated.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="forEach(value.parseJson(),v,if(and(v.class=='boundary',v.type=="administrative"),v,null)).join("|")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>forEach(value.parseJson(),v,if(and(v.class=='boundary',v.type=="administrative"),v,null)).join("|") </code></pre></div> <p>And here is an equivalent in Python/Jython, a bit more readable:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import json data = json.loads(value) my_list = [] for el in data: if el['class'] == "boundary" and el['type'] == 'administrative': my_list.append(el) return "|".join(str(v) for v in my_list))"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-s1">json</span> <span class="pl-s1">data</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">json</span>.<span class="pl-en">loads</span>(<span class="pl-s1">value</span>) <span class="pl-s1">my_list</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> [] <span class="pl-s1">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">el</span> <span class="pl-c1">in</span> <span class="pl-s1">data</span>: <span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-s1">el</span>[<span class="pl-s">'class'</span>] <span class="pl-c1">==</span> <span class="pl-s">"boundary"</span> <span class="pl-c1">and</span> <span class="pl-s1">el</span>[<span class="pl-s">'type'</span>] <span class="pl-c1">==</span> <span class="pl-s">'administrative'</span>: <span class="pl-s1">my_list</span>.<span class="pl-en">append</span>(<span class="pl-s1">el</span>) <span class="pl-s1">return</span> <span class="pl-s">"|"</span>.<span class="pl-en">join</span>(<span class="pl-en">str</span>(<span class="pl-s1">v</span>) <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">v</span> <span class="pl-c1">in</span> <span class="pl-s1">my_list</span>))</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Parse an IP address to extract a Country Name, Latitude & Longitude</h3><a id="user-content-parse-an-ip-address-to-extract-a-country-name-latitude--longitude" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Parse an IP address to extract a Country Name, Latitude & Longitude" href="#parse-an-ip-address-to-extract-a-country-name-latitude--longitude"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Create a new column by fetching URLs based on a column with IP Addresses using an expression like:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=""http://freegeoip.net/json/\"+value"><pre class="notranslate"><code>"http://freegeoip.net/json/\"+value </code></pre></div> <p>There are many such services such as that one. Then parse the resulting <strong>json</strong> to create new columns with expressions such as:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.parseJson().country_name value.parseJson().latitude value.parseJson().longitude "><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.parseJson().country_name value.parseJson().latitude value.parseJson().longitude </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">5. Fetch URLs and Web scraping</h1><a id="user-content-5-fetch-urls-and-web-scraping" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 5. Fetch URLs and Web scraping" href="#5-fetch-urls-and-web-scraping"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Get HTTP Response Header field (e.g. redirect location)</h3><a id="user-content-get-http-response-header-field-eg-redirect-location" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Get HTTP Response Header field (e.g. redirect location)" href="#get-http-response-header-field-eg-redirect-location"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>This clever hack from @atomotic shows how to use Python to get the location header field from a redirect response (in this case from the DOI API).</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import httplib conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("dx.doi.org") doi = "/"+value conn.request("HEAD", doi) res = conn.getresponse() return res.getheader('location')"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-s1">httplib</span> <span class="pl-s1">conn</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">httplib</span>.<span class="pl-v">HTTPConnection</span>(<span class="pl-s">"dx.doi.org"</span>) <span class="pl-s1">doi</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s">"/"</span><span class="pl-c1">+</span><span class="pl-s1">value</span> <span class="pl-s1">conn</span>.<span class="pl-en">request</span>(<span class="pl-s">"HEAD"</span>, <span class="pl-s1">doi</span>) <span class="pl-s1">res</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">conn</span>.<span class="pl-en">getresponse</span>() <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">res</span>.<span class="pl-en">getheader</span>(<span class="pl-s">'location'</span>)</pre></div> <p>or in a single line version that you could paste into your Undo history</p> <p><code>jython:import httplib\nconn = httplib.HTTPConnection(\"dx.doi.org\")\ndoi = \"/\"+value\nconn.request(\"HEAD\", doi)\nres = conn.getresponse()\nreturn res.getheader('location')"</code></p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Get HTTP Status code (e.g. link checker)</h3><a id="user-content-get-http-status-code-eg-link-checker" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Get HTTP Status code (e.g. link checker)" href="#get-http-status-code-eg-link-checker"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Jython:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="import httplib import urlparse url = urlparse.urlparse(value) conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(url[1]) conn.request("HEAD", url[2]) res = conn.getresponse() return res.status"><pre><span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-s1">httplib</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-s1">urlparse</span> <span class="pl-s1">url</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">urlparse</span>.<span class="pl-en">urlparse</span>(<span class="pl-s1">value</span>) <span class="pl-s1">conn</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">httplib</span>.<span class="pl-v">HTTPConnection</span>(<span class="pl-s1">url</span>[<span class="pl-c1">1</span>]) <span class="pl-s1">conn</span>.<span class="pl-en">request</span>(<span class="pl-s">"HEAD"</span>, <span class="pl-s1">url</span>[<span class="pl-c1">2</span>]) <span class="pl-s1">res</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">conn</span>.<span class="pl-en">getresponse</span>() <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">res</span>.<span class="pl-s1">status</span></pre></div> <p>Clojure:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-clojure notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="(.getResponseCode (.openConnection (java.net.URL. value)))"><pre>(<span class="pl-en">.getResponseCode</span> (<span class="pl-en">.openConnection</span> (<span class="pl-en">java.net.URL.</span> value)))</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">XML parsing & stripping</h3><a id="user-content-xml-parsing--stripping" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: XML parsing & stripping" href="#xml-parsing--stripping"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Suppose you have XML or ATOM feed data in your cells that you may have gathered with the Add Column by Fetching URLs feature in Refine or some other source and you need to parse and strip certain tag elements such as:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-xml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" <entry> <title>San Francisco chronicle.</title> <link href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82003402/" /> <id>info:lccn/sn82003402</id> <author><name>Library of Congress</name></author> <updated>2010-09-03T00:01:07-04:00</updated> </entry> <entry> <title>The San Francisco call.</title> <link href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/" /> <id>info:lccn/sn85066387</id> <author><name>Library of Congress</name></author> <updated>2010-09-03T00:18:25-04:00</updated> </entry>"><pre> <<span class="pl-ent">entry</span>> <<span class="pl-ent">title</span>>San Francisco chronicle.</<span class="pl-ent">title</span>> <<span class="pl-ent">link</span> <span class="pl-e">href</span>=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82003402/<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> /> <<span class="pl-ent">id</span>>info:lccn/sn82003402</<span class="pl-ent">id</span>> <<span class="pl-ent">author</span>><<span class="pl-ent">name</span>>Library of Congress</<span class="pl-ent">name</span>></<span class="pl-ent">author</span>> <<span class="pl-ent">updated</span>>2010-09-03T00:01:07-04:00</<span class="pl-ent">updated</span>> </<span class="pl-ent">entry</span>> <<span class="pl-ent">entry</span>> <<span class="pl-ent">title</span>>The San Francisco call.</<span class="pl-ent">title</span>> <<span class="pl-ent">link</span> <span class="pl-e">href</span>=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> /> <<span class="pl-ent">id</span>>info:lccn/sn85066387</<span class="pl-ent">id</span>> <<span class="pl-ent">author</span>><<span class="pl-ent">name</span>>Library of Congress</<span class="pl-ent">name</span>></<span class="pl-ent">author</span>> <<span class="pl-ent">updated</span>>2010-09-03T00:18:25-04:00</<span class="pl-ent">updated</span>> </<span class="pl-ent">entry</span>></pre></div> <p>You can strip out the elements that you're interested in from any XML or ATOM feed and create an array of those elements values for further processing. In the above example, I only want the lccn id and title for all the <strong>entry</strong> records. This is useful when working with the <a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov" rel="nofollow">http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov</a> API or any XML or ATOM feed.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="forEach(value.split("<entry>"), v, v.partition("<id>info:lccn/")[2].partition("</id>")[0]+ ","+v.partition("<title>")[2].partition("</title>")[0])"><pre class="notranslate"><code>forEach(value.split("<entry>"), v, v.partition("<id>info:lccn/")[2].partition("</id>")[0]+ ","+v.partition("<title>")[2].partition("</title>")[0]) </code></pre></div> <p>The above basically says that for each entry record (which creates an array), I want only the string partition between my <strong>id</strong> tags and <strong>title</strong> tags. The resulting output then looks something like:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-json notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" [",Chronicling America Title Search Results", "sn82003402,San Francisco chronicle.", "sn85066387,The San Francisco call.", "sn86091369,San Francisco Sunday examiner &amp; chronicle.", "sn82006825,The San Francisco examiner."]"><pre> [<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>,Chronicling America Title Search Results<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>sn82003402,San Francisco chronicle.<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>sn85066387,The San Francisco call.<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>sn86091369,San Francisco Sunday examiner &amp; chronicle.<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>sn82006825,The San Francisco examiner.<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>]</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">6. Duplicate Patterns</h1><a id="user-content-6-duplicate-patterns" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 6. Duplicate Patterns" href="#6-duplicate-patterns"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Removing duplicate rows when Exact values are found in a column</h3><a id="user-content-removing-duplicate-rows-when-exact-values-are-found-in-a-column" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Removing duplicate rows when Exact values are found in a column" href="#removing-duplicate-rows-when-exact-values-are-found-in-a-column"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>In Release 2.1+ there is now a Facet -> Customized Facets -> Duplicates Facet that can be applied on more than one column as needed. This easily applies for you a facetCount(value, 'value', 'Column') > 1 which shows ALL rows having more than 1 duplicate value in the column.</p> <p>However, to ONLY remove subsequent instances of duplicates (any string), use this method:</p> <ol> <li>Sort (on the column that has duplicates or potentially)</li> <li>Reorder rows permanently (this option is in blue color SORT link in header)</li> <li>Edit cells -> Blank down</li> <li>Facet -> Customized Facets -> Facet by blank (click True)</li> <li>All -> Edit rows -> Remove all matching rows</li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Handling duplicate patterns found in cells within a column</h3><a id="user-content-handling-duplicate-patterns-found-in-cells-within-a-column" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Handling duplicate patterns found in cells within a column" href="#handling-duplicate-patterns-found-in-cells-within-a-column"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>The canonical recipe for stuff like this is to Move Column of interest to the beginning, Sort, Reorder Rows Permanently, Blank Down, <do stuff>, Fill Down. This effectively converts your rows to OpenRefine pseudo-"records" so that you can do further record based operations. GREL supports special record based commands.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Finding cells that contain duplicate words</h3><a id="user-content-finding-cells-that-contain-duplicate-words" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Finding cells that contain duplicate words" href="#finding-cells-that-contain-duplicate-words"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>A way to identify cells that contain duplicate words (i.e. the same word appearing more than once in the cell value) is to create a Custom Text Facet using the following GREL expression:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="with(filter(value.split(/[^\p{L}\p{N}]/),a,a.length()>0),v,v.length()>v.uniques().length())"><pre class="notranslate"><code>with(filter(value.split(/[^\p{L}\p{N}]/),a,a.length()>0),v,v.length()>v.uniques().length()) </code></pre></div> <p>This will give an outcome of <code>true</code> if the same word appears more than once in the string, and <code>false</code> otherwise. This is calculated based on splitting the string into an array words using <a href="https://www.regular-expressions.info/unicode.html" rel="nofollow">a regular expression that looks for any characters that aren’t in either the unicode Letter category <code>\p{L}</code> or the Unicode Number category <code>\p{N}</code></a>, filtering out any zero length words and then comparing the length of the array of words to the length of the array of unique words from the list).</p> <p>The regular expression part of this GREL could be tweaked based on what should be counted as a 'word'</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Finding cells that contain a repeated consecutive word</h3><a id="user-content-finding-cells-that-contain-a-repeated-consecutive-word" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Finding cells that contain a repeated consecutive word" href="#finding-cells-that-contain-a-repeated-consecutive-word"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>A way to identify cells that contain the same word repeated consecutively (i.e. the same word appears two or more times in a row within the cell value) is to create a Custom Text Facet using the following GREL expression:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="filter(value.replace(/[^\p{L}\p{N}]/," ").ngram(2),n,n.split(" ").uniques().length()!=2).length()>0"><pre class="notranslate"><code>filter(value.replace(/[^\p{L}\p{N}]/," ").ngram(2),n,n.split(" ").uniques().length()!=2).length()>0 </code></pre></div> <p>This will give an outcome of <code>true</code> if there are consecutively repeated words anywhere in the string, and <code>false</code> otherwise.</p> <p>The expression works by first replaces any non word characters with spaces using <a href="https://www.regular-expressions.info/unicode.html" rel="nofollow">a regular expression that looks for any characters that aren’t in either the unicode Letter category <code>\p{L}</code> or the Unicode Number category <code>\p{N}</code></a>, and then splits the resulting string into pairs of words (word ngrams of length 2) and looks for any ngrams that do not contain two words if you split the ngram into a list of its constituent words and deduplicate the list. If the number of the ngrams that don't contain two words on de-duplication is more than zero there is at least one instance of a repeated consecutive word in the string.</p> <p>The regular expression part of this GREL could be tweaked based on what should be counted as a 'word'</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Facet and Count duplicate patterns found in a cell value at each row</h3><a id="user-content-facet-and-count-duplicate-patterns-found-in-a-cell-value-at-each-row" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Facet and Count duplicate patterns found in a cell value at each row" href="#facet-and-count-duplicate-patterns-found-in-a-cell-value-at-each-row"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>With strings that have duplicate words in them such as "Beef, Ground Beef", you may wish to see a count of the duplicates in each column's row. Using value.ngram(1) only separates the words but doesn't give a count. So, first, standardize spacing in the cell value or find good alternate separation chars to use on your particular pattern if needed, and perhaps clean up spaces with GREL transform of</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.replace(/\s+/,' ')"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.replace(/\s+/,' ') </code></pre></div> <p>then using Jython, you can create a Custom Facet using something such as:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" from sets import Set # function to show count of Duplicates in a List returning an array def countDuplicatesInList(dupedList): uniqueSet = Set(item for item in dupedList) return [(item, dupedList.count(item)) for item in uniqueSet] v = countDuplicatesInList(value.split(" ")) for x in v[:]: # makes a slice copy of the entire list if x[1]>1: # compares if the 2nd value in each mini list (x) is greater than 1, such as ["Beef", 2] return x"><pre> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s1">sets</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-v">Set</span> <span class="pl-c"># function to show count of Duplicates in a List returning an array</span> <span class="pl-k">def</span> <span class="pl-en">countDuplicatesInList</span>(<span class="pl-s1">dupedList</span>): <span class="pl-s1">uniqueSet</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-v">Set</span>(<span class="pl-s1">item</span> <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">item</span> <span class="pl-c1">in</span> <span class="pl-s1">dupedList</span>) <span class="pl-k">return</span> [(<span class="pl-s1">item</span>, <span class="pl-s1">dupedList</span>.<span class="pl-en">count</span>(<span class="pl-s1">item</span>)) <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">item</span> <span class="pl-c1">in</span> <span class="pl-s1">uniqueSet</span>] <span class="pl-s1">v</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">countDuplicatesInList</span>(<span class="pl-s1">value</span>.<span class="pl-en">split</span>(<span class="pl-s">" "</span>)) <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">x</span> <span class="pl-c1">in</span> <span class="pl-s1">v</span>[:]: <span class="pl-c"># makes a slice copy of the entire list</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-s1">x</span>[<span class="pl-c1">1</span>]<span class="pl-c1">></span><span class="pl-c1">1</span>: <span class="pl-c"># compares if the 2nd value in each mini list (x) is greater than 1, such as ["Beef", 2] </span> <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">x</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">7. Columns</h1><a id="user-content-7-columns" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 7. Columns" href="#7-columns"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Count non-blank values in each column</h3><a id="user-content-count-non-blank-values-in-each-column" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Count non-blank values in each column" href="#count-non-blank-values-in-each-column"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>In OpenRefine 3.2 and later these facets are available in the menu ("All" > "Facet"). For OpenRefine 3.1 and earlier use Facet > Custom text facet (from any column in the project)</p> <p>rows:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="filter(row.columnNames,cn,isNonBlank(cells[cn].value))"><pre class="notranslate"><code>filter(row.columnNames,cn,isNonBlank(cells[cn].value)) </code></pre></div> <p>records:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="filter(row.columnNames,cn,isNonBlank(if(row.record.fromRowIndex==row.index,row.record.cells[cn].value.join(""),null)))"><pre class="notranslate"><code>filter(row.columnNames,cn,isNonBlank(if(row.record.fromRowIndex==row.index,row.record.cells[cn].value.join(""),null))) </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Count blank values in each column</h3><a id="user-content-count-blank-values-in-each-column" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Count blank values in each column" href="#count-blank-values-in-each-column"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="filter(row.columnNames,cn,isBlank(cells[cn].value))"><pre class="notranslate"><code>filter(row.columnNames,cn,isBlank(cells[cn].value)) </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Create a new column based on the value of "Star" or "Flag"</h3><a id="user-content-create-a-new-column-based-on-the-value-of-star-or-flag" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Create a new column based on the value of "Star" or "Flag"" href="#create-a-new-column-based-on-the-value-of-star-or-flag"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Starring or Flagging rows is a handy way of accumulating insights based on many different facets of messy data. Create a new column based on the Star, use:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="if(row.starred, "yes", "no")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>if(row.starred, "yes", "no") </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h2 class="heading-element">Combining datasets</h2><a id="user-content-combining-datasets" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Combining datasets" href="#combining-datasets"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Using cross() to combine data from two projects</h3><a id="user-content-using-cross-to-combine-data-from-two-projects" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Using cross() to combine data from two projects" href="#using-cross-to-combine-data-from-two-projects"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p><strong>NOTE: There is also a VIB-BITS OpenRefine extension that automates some of the GREL <code>cross()</code> functionality for ease of use with its "Add column(s) from other projects..." function.</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://data.bits.vib.be/hidden/g7dt6RjuUTU421dY2CwrGePGX/vib-bits.zip" rel="nofollow">download VIB-Bits 3.4.1</a></li> <li><a href="http://data.bits.vib.be/hidden/g7dt6RjuUTU421dY2CwrGePGX/OpenRefine%20VIB-BITS%20plugin.pdf" rel="nofollow">PDF Manual</a></li> <li><a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/openrefine/unN6dQsyYUs" rel="nofollow">discussion</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>NOTE: If you don't get matches when using cross(), then you might need to first do a few things, such as</strong></p> <ul> <li>trim() your key column before doing cross()</li> <li>Deduplicate values in your key column if necessary</li> </ul> <hr> <div class="markdown-heading"><h4 class="heading-element">Example:</h4><a id="user-content-example" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Example:" href="#example"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>OK, with that out the way, let's show you an example of how to use the cross() function. Consider 2 projects with the following data:</p> <p><strong>My Address Book</strong></p> <table role="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>friend</th> <th>address</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>john</td> <td>120 Main St.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mary</td> <td>50 Broadway Ave.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>anne</td> <td>17 Morning Crescent</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Christmas Gifts</strong></p> <table role="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>gift</th> <th>recipient</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>lamp</td> <td>mary</td> </tr> <tr> <td>clock</td> <td>john</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Now in the project "Christmas Gifts", we want to add a column containing the addresses of the recipients, which are in the project "My Address Book". So we can invoke the command <code>Add column based on this column</code> on the "recipient" column in "Christmas Gifts" and enter this expression:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" cell.cross("My Address Book", "friend")[0].cells["address"].value"><pre class="notranslate"><code> cell.cross("My Address Book", "friend")[0].cells["address"].value </code></pre></div> <p>When that command is applied, the result is</p> <p><strong>Christmas Gifts</strong></p> <table role="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>gift</th> <th>recipient</th> <th>address</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>lamp</td> <td>mary</td> <td>50 Broadway Ave.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>clock</td> <td>john</td> <td>120 Main St.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>In case the <code>cross()</code> function finds multiple matching rows, you can combine <code>cross()</code> with the <code>forEach()</code> function to iterate over the array and the <code>forNonBlank()</code> function to prevent errors caused by null values present in the looked up column, e.g.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" forEach(cell.cross("My Address Book", "friend"),r,forNonBlank(r.cells["address"].value,v,v,"")).join("|")"><pre class="notranslate"><code> forEach(cell.cross("My Address Book", "friend"),r,forNonBlank(r.cells["address"].value,v,v,"")).join("|") </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Using cross() within a single project</h3><a id="user-content-using-cross-within-a-single-project" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Using cross() within a single project" href="#using-cross-within-a-single-project"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul> <li>To perform a cross or lookup between 2 columns (B and C) in the same project, you can create a new column "match" based on the expression using <code>forEach()</code> , retrieve the value in A when they match, and then <code>join()</code> the produced arrays, as in this example:</li> </ul> <p>Original:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="A B C 098 11079851 11079851 110 11089385 25853201 118 11089385 22412115 798 11079851 22412115"><pre class="notranslate"><code>A B C 098 11079851 11079851 110 11089385 25853201 118 11089385 22412115 798 11079851 22412115 </code></pre></div> <p>GREL (from column B using "add column based on this column"):</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="forEach(cross(cell,"my_project","C"),v,v.cells["A"].value).join(',')"><pre class="notranslate"><code>forEach(cross(cell,"my_project","C"),v,v.cells["A"].value).join(',') </code></pre></div> <p>Result:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="A B match C 098 11079851 098 11079851 110 11089385 25853201 118 11089385 22412115 798 11079851 098 22412115"><pre class="notranslate"><code>A B match C 098 11079851 098 11079851 110 11089385 25853201 118 11089385 22412115 798 11079851 098 22412115 </code></pre></div> <p><em>Also note that felixlohmeier has written a nice enhanced cross function that can do a cross with repeating values in the same cell (i.e. comma delimiter list).</em> <a href="https://gist.github.com/felixlohmeier/a5a893190e4aa8e26091664908d04e20">https://gist.github.com/felixlohmeier/a5a893190e4aa8e26091664908d04e20</a></p> <p><strong><em>Note:</em></strong> As of OpenRefine 3.5 you can indicate the current project with an empty string. Thus <code>cell.cross("", "C")</code> is the same as <code>cell.cross("my_project","C")</code> when the project's name is "my_project". This is not only less typing but makes it easier to reuse such GREL expressions across projects.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Finding previous row</h3><a id="user-content-finding-previous-row" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Finding previous row" href="#finding-previous-row"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Self-crossing can also be useful for finding data in a previous row. (See note below. There is a much more succinct way to do this. This description is left in for explanatory purposes.)</p> <p>With the same Original table above, you can add a column named <code>idx</code> with the GREL expression <code>row.index</code> and a second named <code>idx-1</code> based on this with the expression <code>row.index - 1</code>, which will produce a table like this:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="A B C idx idx-1 098 11079851 11079851 0 -1 110 11089385 25853201 1 0 118 11089385 22412115 2 1 798 11079851 22412115 3 2"><pre class="notranslate"><code>A B C idx idx-1 098 11079851 11079851 0 -1 110 11089385 25853201 1 0 118 11089385 22412115 2 1 798 11079851 22412115 3 2 </code></pre></div> <p>Now you can say subtract the previous row's C column from the current row's C column by crossing the <code>idx-1</code> row with the <code>idx</code> row as follows:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="with(cross(cell,"","idx"), prevRow, cells.C.value - prevRow.cells.C.value)"><pre class="notranslate"><code>with(cross(cell,"","idx"), prevRow, cells.C.value - prevRow.cells.C.value) </code></pre></div> <p>To produce the following:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="A B C idx idx-1 diff 098 11079851 11079851 0 -1 null 110 11089385 25853201 1 0 14773350 118 11089385 22412115 2 1 -3441086 798 11079851 22412115 3 2 0"><pre class="notranslate"><code>A B C idx idx-1 diff 098 11079851 11079851 0 -1 null 110 11089385 25853201 1 0 14773350 118 11089385 22412115 2 1 -3441086 798 11079851 22412115 3 2 0 </code></pre></div> <p><strong><em>Note:</em></strong> that this uses indices in the full unfaceted project. So that even if you have filtered view, it will find the previous row from the unfaceted project.</p> <p><strong><em>Note:</em></strong> As of OpenRefine 3.5, there is a more succinct way to do a self-cross to find the previous row. Instead of having to explicitly extract the row into a column to cross against it, you can simply do <code>cross(rowIndex - 1)</code>. Here we're not using the cross to match against values of the current <code>cell</code> but rather selecting the "target row" indicated by the calculated index <code>rowIndex - 1</code>. I.e. the row whose index is one less than the current row.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Merging several columns</h3><a id="user-content-merging-several-columns" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Merging several columns" href="#merging-several-columns"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>You'd need to use the 'cells' variable:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="cells["col1"].value + ", " + cells["col2"].value"><pre class="notranslate"><code>cells["col1"].value + ", " + cells["col2"].value </code></pre></div> <p>In OpenRefine 3.0 and later this will work even where some cells contain a <code>null</code> value. For OpenRefine 2.8 and earlier, this will fail for any rows which contain any cell with a <code>null</code> value. To fix, create a facet of blank cells with "Text Facet" ⇒ "Customized Facets" ⇒ "Facet by Blank". Then use "Edit Cells" ⇒ "Transform ..." and enter a string with a space: <code>' '</code>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Merging all or more than two columns in a project</h3><a id="user-content-merging-all-or-more-than-two-columns-in-a-project" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Merging all or more than two columns in a project" href="#merging-all-or-more-than-two-columns-in-a-project"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>To merge all values across a row, you can use 'row.columnNames' (which retrieves all the column names in the project) with the 'cells' variable:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="forEach(row.columnNames,cn,cells[cn].value).join("|")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>forEach(row.columnNames,cn,cells[cn].value).join("|") </code></pre></div> <p>In OpenRefine 2.8 and before if there are 'null' cells in the row, the row will still merge, but where the cells were null you will get the phrase "Cannot retrieve field from null|". In OpenRefine 3.0 and later any null cells will return <code>null</code> which will translate to an empty string when the <code>join()</code> command is used.</p> <p>If there are empty strings ("") in any cell in the row, these will be merged as empty strings - in OpenRefine 3.0 and later this means that cells containing <code>null</code> and cells containing empty strings will both result in empty strings when merging columns using this technique.</p> <p>Obviously, you can use <code>filter()</code>, <code>[]</code> or <code>slice()</code> to select which column to merge. Example : merge all columns except the column ID :</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="forEach(filter(row.columnNames, v, v!="ID"),cn,cells[cn].value).join("|")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>forEach(filter(row.columnNames, v, v!="ID"),cn,cells[cn].value).join("|") </code></pre></div> <p>Or : merge all columns except the first one :</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="forEach(row.columnNames.slice(1),cn,cells[cn].value).join("|")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>forEach(row.columnNames.slice(1),cn,cells[cn].value).join("|") </code></pre></div> <p>Another example using <code>.match()</code> (Thanks to Stephens Owen for the "lenght()>0" trick)</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="forEach(filter(row.columnNames, v, v.match(/(colname1|colname2|colname3|colname4|colname5)/).length()>0),cn,cells[cn].value).join("|")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>forEach(filter(row.columnNames, v, v.match(/(colname1|colname2|colname3|colname4|colname5)/).length()>0),cn,cells[cn].value).join("|") </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">8. Error Handling</h1><a id="user-content-8-error-handling" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 8. Error Handling" href="#8-error-handling"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">forNonBlank</h3><a id="user-content-fornonblank" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: forNonBlank" href="#fornonblank"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Sometimes the cells in a column are not uniform, but your expression has to be flexible enough to handle them all. One case of nonuniformity is that the strings in the cells are not all of the same lengths, e.g., 3 cells in a column might contain</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" 200810 20090312 2010"><pre class="notranslate"><code> 200810 20090312 2010 </code></pre></div> <p>This means that this formula</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value[0,4] + "-" + value[4,6] + "-" + value[6,8]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value[0,4] + "-" + value[4,6] + "-" + value[6,8] </code></pre></div> <p>only works on the second cell. To catch the other cases, use the forNonBlank control:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value[0,4] + forNonBlank(value[4,6], v, "-" + v, "") + forNonBlank(value[6,8], v, "-" + v, "")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value[0,4] + forNonBlank(value[4,6], v, "-" + v, "") + forNonBlank(value[6,8], v, "-" + v, "") </code></pre></div> <p>This new expression transforms those cells to</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" 2008-10 2009-03-12 2010"><pre class="notranslate"><code> 2008-10 2009-03-12 2010 </code></pre></div> <p>What forNonBlank does is test its first argument and decides what to do based on whether that is blank (null or empty string) or not. If it's not blank, bind that value to the variable name in the second argument (v) and evaluates the third argument ("-" + v). Otherwise, it evaluates the fourth argument ("").</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">9. Encoding Issues</h1><a id="user-content-9-encoding-issues" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 9. Encoding Issues" href="#9-encoding-issues"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>While OpenRefine offers a convenient way to fix encoding issues with the "reinterpret" GREL command, it also helps you find where these problems could be since they can be hidden if most of the content has been properly decoded.</p> <p>To do this, there is a special numeric facet called "Unicode charcode Facet" that generates a distribution of which Unicode characters are used in a particular column. That distribution will allow you to spot outliers, meaning characters that are used infrequently and that might suggest encoding issues. You can use that char distribution facet to 'scan' and inspect the values for yourself and then fix their encoding with the 'reinterpret' GREL function.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Replacing diacritic (accent) characters</h3><a id="user-content-replacing-diacritic-accent-characters" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Replacing diacritic (accent) characters" href="#replacing-diacritic-accent-characters"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Boris Villazón -> Boris Villazon</p> <p>See Jython use case <a class="internal present" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Extending-Jython-with-pypi-modules">Extending-Jython-with-pypi-modules</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">"Aïn Témuchent" ---> "Aïn Témuchent"</h3><a id="user-content-aãn-tãmuchent-----aïn-témuchent" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: "Aïn Témuchent" ---> "Aïn Témuchent"" href="#aãn-tãmuchent-----aïn-témuchent"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Sometimes content is aggregated from various sources and somewhere improperly decoded. This results in strings that contain 'garbled' content in the form of weird spurious characters. Fixing that is normally a very tedious and time-consuming process, but OpenRefine contains a handy GREL command specifically for that</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="value.reinterpret("utf-8")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>value.reinterpret("utf-8") </code></pre></div> <p>that does exactly that.</p> <p>As a tip, if you see two weird characters where you think there should be one, try reinterpreting with "utf-8" which normally solves it. Other encoding values that are useful to try are "latin-1" (for European content), "Big5" (for Chinese content"), etc. You can get a list of all the supported encodings <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/intl/encoding.doc.html" rel="nofollow">here</a>. Re-encoding can also be done outside of OpenRefine with text tools such as PSPad, Notepad++, etc.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Spot Values Potentially Placed in the wrong Column</h3><a id="user-content-spot-values-potentially-placed-in-the-wrong-column" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Spot Values Potentially Placed in the wrong Column" href="#spot-values-potentially-placed-in-the-wrong-column"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Another useful numeric facet is the "Text Length Facet" which builds a distribution of lengths of the strings contained in a particular column. Here too spotting outliers, meaning strings that are too big or too small, might be an indication of a problem.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Question Marks � showing in your data</h3><a id="user-content-question-marks--showing-in-your-data" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Question Marks � showing in your data" href="#question-marks--showing-in-your-data"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>This is the "Replacement Character - used to replace an incoming character whose value is unknown or unrepresentable." These will show if there are encoding issues with your data. Because the data is actually changed at import time, this may not be recoverable without re-importing, but you can try reinterpreting as above. Also there may be non-breaking spaces <code>&nbsp</code> Unicode(160). You can inspect with <code>unicode(value)</code> and replace with regular spaces Unicode(32).</p> <p>You can also try this quick fix to remove non-breaking spaces on both ends of your string:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="split(escape(value,'xml'),"&#160;")[0]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>split(escape(value,'xml'),"&#160;")[0] </code></pre></div> <p><strong>NOTE</strong> To access and use the Non-breaking space character itself such as <code>&nbsp</code> or <code>\u00A0</code> or <code>[160]</code> in GREL expressions on Windows systems type on the numeric keypad: ALT 2 5 5 ,which will still display as a regular space in the expression window, but will actually be a non-breaking space character. Example: <code>value.replaceChars(" ", " ")</code></p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">10. Records and Rows</h1><a id="user-content-10-records-and-rows" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 10. Records and Rows" href="#10-records-and-rows"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Facet for rows with a certain number of blank cells</h3><a id="user-content-facet-for-rows-with-a-certain-number-of-blank-cells" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Facet for rows with a certain number of blank cells" href="#facet-for-rows-with-a-certain-number-of-blank-cells"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>If you want to find rows that have a certain number of blank cells, including 'all blank' or 'no blanks' you can create a custom facet:</p> <p>Facet->Custom text facet (from any column in the project)</p> <p>use the GREL:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="filter(row.columnNames,cn,isBlank(cells[cn].value)).length().toString()"><pre class="notranslate"><code>filter(row.columnNames,cn,isBlank(cells[cn].value)).length().toString() </code></pre></div> <p>This will give a facet with the number of blank (null or empty strings) cells in each row. If you want to limit by a particular number you can enhance the GREL with a check for a specific length:</p> <p>Rows with more than one blank cell (true/false facet)</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="(filter(row.columnNames,cn,isBlank(cells[cn].value)).length()>1).toString()"><pre class="notranslate"><code>(filter(row.columnNames,cn,isBlank(cells[cn].value)).length()>1).toString() </code></pre></div> <p>Rows with exactly one blank cell (true/false facet)</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="(filter(row.columnNames,cn,isBlank(cells[cn].value)).length()==1).toString()"><pre class="notranslate"><code>(filter(row.columnNames,cn,isBlank(cells[cn].value)).length()==1).toString() </code></pre></div> <p>Rows with less than two blank cells (true/false facet)</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="(filter(row.columnNames,cn,isBlank(cells[cn].value)).length()<2).toString()"><pre class="notranslate"><code>(filter(row.columnNames,cn,isBlank(cells[cn].value)).length()<2).toString() </code></pre></div> <p>Rows with blank cells in all columns (true/false facet)</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="(filter(row.columnNames,cn,isNonBlank(cells[cn].value)).length()==0).toString()"><pre class="notranslate"><code>(filter(row.columnNames,cn,isNonBlank(cells[cn].value)).length()==0).toString() </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Get multiple rows from a Record row column</h3><a id="user-content-get-multiple-rows-from-a-record-row-column" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Get multiple rows from a Record row column" href="#get-multiple-rows-from-a-record-row-column"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Often times you might need to do a Fill Up command (instead of Fill Down). Or your data has a column with lots of rows in a column for an individual record, and you want to select or get some of those rows. You can do this by selecting only the rows from the <strong>Record row array</strong> that you need.</p> <p>This gets only the 2nd row of the Record array</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="row.record.cells["Column 1"].value[1]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>row.record.cells["Column 1"].value[1] </code></pre></div> <p>(right click "view image") <a href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/986438/43036011-86980efc-8cbe-11e8-8493-e8a1fd934e8f.PNG" rel="nofollow">https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/986438/43036011-86980efc-8cbe-11e8-8493-e8a1fd934e8f.PNG</a></p> <p>If you want to get multiple rows then just use Array slicing</p> <p>This gets the 1st through 4th row of the Record array</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="row.record.cells["Column 1"].value[0,3]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>row.record.cells["Column 1"].value[0,3] </code></pre></div> <p>This gets the 2nd through 4th row of the Record array</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="row.record.cells["Column 1"].value[1,3]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>row.record.cells["Column 1"].value[1,3] </code></pre></div> <p>(right click "view image") <a href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/986438/43036041-4c394b76-8cbf-11e8-9c81-39607714d64e.PNG" rel="nofollow">https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/986438/43036041-4c394b76-8cbf-11e8-9c81-39607714d64e.PNG</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Shift values in multiple rows</h3><a id="user-content-shift-values-in-multiple-rows" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Shift values in multiple rows" href="#shift-values-in-multiple-rows"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>1. Add a new column based on the Name col:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Name > Edit column > Add column based on this column... "><pre class="notranslate"><code>Name > Edit column > Add column based on this column... </code></pre></div> <p>Call the column 'index' (or similar).</p> <p>In expression, type: <code>""</code></p> <p>This creates a new but empty column.</p> <p>2. Move the new 'index' column to be the first column in the project:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="index > Edit column > Move column to beginning"><pre class="notranslate"><code>index > Edit column > Move column to beginning </code></pre></div> <p>3. Edit the cell in the first row of the 'index' column to have some value in it. It could be anything, e.g. 'first'.</p> <p>4. Change to 'Record' mode by clicking 'Show as: records' link (top left of the project).</p> <p>This should create you a single record based on the index column only having a value in the first row.</p> <p>If this doesn't work, then use 'Fill down' and then 'Blank down' on the Index column, and you should find this forces the shift to a single record.</p> <p>5. Modify the cells in the 'Age' column so empty cells have a placeholder value in them - this is to make sure the next step (which ignores empty cells) works correctly.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Age > Edit cells > Transform "><pre class="notranslate"><code>Age > Edit cells > Transform </code></pre></div> <p>In the Expression box type:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="if(isBlank(value),"null",value) "><pre class="notranslate"><code>if(isBlank(value),"null",value) </code></pre></div> <p>6. Move the values in the Age column down one cell</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Age > Edit cells > Transform"><pre class="notranslate"><code>Age > Edit cells > Transform </code></pre></div> <p>In expression type:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="row.record.cells["Age"].value[rowIndex-1]"><pre class="notranslate"><code>row.record.cells["Age"].value[rowIndex-1] </code></pre></div> <p>The <code>row.record.cells["Age"].value</code> part of this creates an array of values using all the values in the Age column - because they are now all part of the same Record (which is what steps 1-5 achieved). You can then extract the value from the row above using 'rowIndex' which gives you a row number.</p> <p>Note that the first row in the project will get the value from the last row in the project using this expression. If this is 'null' you don't need to worry about this.</p> <p>7. Remove the dummy values in the Age column</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Age > Edit cells > Transform"><pre class="notranslate"><code>Age > Edit cells > Transform </code></pre></div> <p>In expression type:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="if(value=="null","",value)"><pre class="notranslate"><code>if(value=="null","",value) </code></pre></div> <p>8. Remove the index column</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="index > Edit column > Remove this column"><pre class="notranslate"><code>index > Edit column > Remove this column </code></pre></div> <p>9. Make sure you are back in Row mode by clicking 'Show as: rows' link</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">11. Clojure</h1><a id="user-content-11-clojure" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 11. Clojure" href="#11-clojure"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Extract row and cell information</h3><a id="user-content-extract-row-and-cell-information" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Extract row and cell information" href="#extract-row-and-cell-information"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul> <li> <p>Getting the value of a cell. ( Same as simply <code>value</code>. )</p> <p><code>(.-value (.-cell cell))</code></p> </li> <li> <p>Get a different cell in the row (indexed by number, which is 1 in this case)</p> <p><code>(.getCellValue (.-row row) 1)</code></p> </li> <li> <p>Get a different cell in the row by column name</p> <p><code>(.-value (.-cell (.getField cells "ColumnName" (new java.util.Properties))))</code></p> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Convert Roman numerals to Arabic</h3><a id="user-content-convert-roman-numerals-to-arabic" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Convert Roman numerals to Arabic" href="#convert-roman-numerals-to-arabic"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Given a column that contains Roman numbers, you can convert them using the following Clojure snippet</p> <table role="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Column 1</th> <th>output</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>vii</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>v</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>xix</td> <td>19</td> </tr> <tr> <td>iv</td> <td>4</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="highlight highlight-source-clojure notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="(defn ro2ar [r] (->> (reverse (.toUpperCase r)) (map {\M 1000 \D 500 \C 100 \L 50 \X 10 \V 5 \I 1}) (partition-by identity) (map (partial apply +)) (reduce #(if (< %1 %2) (+ %1 %2) (- %1 %2))))) (ro2ar value)"><pre>(<span class="pl-k">defn</span> <span class="pl-e">ro2ar</span> [r] (<span class="pl-en">->></span> (<span class="pl-en">reverse</span> (<span class="pl-en">.toUpperCase</span> r)) (<span class="pl-en">map</span> {\M <span class="pl-c1">1000</span> \D <span class="pl-c1">500</span> \C <span class="pl-c1">100</span> \L <span class="pl-c1">50</span> \X <span class="pl-c1">10</span> \V <span class="pl-c1">5</span> \I <span class="pl-c1">1</span>}) (<span class="pl-en">partition-by</span> identity) (<span class="pl-en">map</span> (<span class="pl-en">partial</span> apply +)) (<span class="pl-en">reduce</span> #(<span class="pl-k">if</span> (<span class="pl-en"><</span> %<span class="pl-c1">1</span> %<span class="pl-c1">2</span>) (<span class="pl-en">+</span> %<span class="pl-c1">1</span> %<span class="pl-c1">2</span>) (<span class="pl-en">-</span> %<span class="pl-c1">1</span> %<span class="pl-c1">2</span>))))) (<span class="pl-en">ro2ar</span> value)</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Java interop with Clojure</h3><a id="user-content-java-interop-with-clojure" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Java interop with Clojure" href="#java-interop-with-clojure"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Clojure supports <a href="https://clojure.org/reference/java_interop" rel="nofollow">Java interoperability</a> and provides several syntax forms to use a builtin Java class and it's fields and methods.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-clojure notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="#_ Provide the builtin class separated by slash / and then the field or method (Integer/parseInt "1") (Integer/parseInt value) #_ Can't remember what PI is from your high school Math class? (StrictMath/PI) #_ Import a Java class and use it in a Clojure function (import [org.apache.commons.codec.digest DigestUtils]) (defn md5-hash [input] (DigestUtils/md5Hex input)) (md5-hash "hello world!") "><pre>#_ Provide the builtin class separated by slash / and then the field or method (<span class="pl-en">Integer/parseInt</span> <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>1<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>) (<span class="pl-en">Integer/parseInt</span> value) #_ Can't remember what PI is from your high school Math class? (<span class="pl-en">StrictMath/PI</span>) #_ Import a Java class and <span class="pl-k">use</span> it in a Clojure function (<span class="pl-k">import</span> [org.apache.commons.codec.digest DigestUtils]) (<span class="pl-k">defn</span> <span class="pl-e">md5-hash</span> [input] (<span class="pl-en">DigestUtils/md5Hex</span> input)) (<span class="pl-en">md5-hash</span> <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>hello world!<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>) </pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Parse a URL or URI to extract a Host, Path, Query, or convert to a URI</h3><a id="user-content-parse-a-url-or-uri-to-extract-a-host-path-query-or-convert-to-a-uri" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Parse a URL or URI to extract a Host, Path, Query, or convert to a URI" href="#parse-a-url-or-uri-to-extract-a-host-path-query-or-convert-to-a-uri"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Use Clojure as your expression language and use one of these expressions (consult <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/net/URL.html" rel="nofollow">java URL or URI docs</a> for other methods besides just the .getHost() method.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="(.getHost(java.net.URL. http://www.example.com/index/search/q=%22OpenRefine%22)) (.getHost(java.net.URI. value)) (.getPath (java.net.URI. value)) (.getQuery (java.net.URI. value)) (.toURI (java.net.URL. value)) (uri? (.toURI (java.net.URL. value)))"><pre class="notranslate"><code>(.getHost(java.net.URL. http://www.example.com/index/search/q=%22OpenRefine%22)) (.getHost(java.net.URI. value)) (.getPath (java.net.URI. value)) (.getQuery (java.net.URI. value)) (.toURI (java.net.URL. value)) (uri? (.toURI (java.net.URL. value))) </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">12. Templating exporter</h1><a id="user-content-12-templating-exporter" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 12. Templating exporter" href="#12-templating-exporter"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Use the templating exporter to produce YAML or MARCXML</h3><a id="user-content-use-the-templating-exporter-to-produce-yaml-or-marcxml" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Use the templating exporter to produce YAML or MARCXML" href="#use-the-templating-exporter-to-produce-yaml-or-marcxml"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Export-As-YAML">Exporting YAML</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Export-As-MARCXML">Exporting MARCXML</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Use the templating exporter to produce other formats</h3><a id="user-content-use-the-templating-exporter-to-produce-other-formats" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Use the templating exporter to produce other formats" href="#use-the-templating-exporter-to-produce-other-formats"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.meanboyfriend.com/overdue_ideas/2015/07/worked-example-fixing-marc-data-5/" rel="nofollow">Exporting MARC</a></li> <li><a href="https://digitalscholarship.utsc.utoronto.ca/content/blogs/converting-spreadsheets-modsxml-using-open-refine" rel="nofollow">Exporting MODSXML</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.ouseful.info/2015/09/04/converting-spreadsheet-rows-to-text-based-summary-reports-using-openrefine/" rel="nofollow">Exporting plain text</a></li> <li><a href="https://schoolofdata.org/2014/05/19/putting-points-on-maps-using-geojson-created-by-open-refine/" rel="nofollow">Exporting geojson</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">13. Reconciliation</h1><a id="user-content-13-reconciliation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 13. Reconciliation" href="#13-reconciliation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Inspecting reconciliation candidates</h3><a id="user-content-inspecting-reconciliation-candidates" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Inspecting reconciliation candidates" href="#inspecting-reconciliation-candidates"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p>Sometimes when doing reconciliation you want to perform some calculation on the reconciliation candidates. This is probably easiest by splitting out the candidates into their own cells. Say you had a single reconciled cell like so:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="item MyItem(*)"><pre class="notranslate"><code>item MyItem(*) </code></pre></div> <p>(Here <code>(*)</code> represents reconciled with candidates.) We'll describe splitting those candidates shortly, but it's often helpful to add a column with the original row indices first by adding a column with the GREL expression <code>row.index</code> so that your table now looks like this:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="item idx MyItem(*) 1"><pre class="notranslate"><code>item idx MyItem(*) 1 </code></pre></div> <p>Next you can gather up all the candidates and their scores by adding a column with the following GREL expression:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="forEach(cell.recon.candidates,cand,join([cand.id,cand.name],";")).join(",")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>forEach(cell.recon.candidates,cand,join([cand.id,cand.name],";")).join(",") </code></pre></div> <p>So that your table now looks like this:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="item idx cand MyItem(*) 1 Q6;32.6,Q974;80.6,Q1111;64.3"><pre class="notranslate"><code>item idx cand MyItem(*) 1 Q6;32.6,Q974;80.6,Q1111;64.3 </code></pre></div> <p>Now you use <em>Edit cells</em> -> <em>split multi-valued cells</em> with the <code>,</code> separator to make the table</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="item idx cand MyItem(*) 1 Q6;32.6 Q974;80.6 Q1111;64.3"><pre class="notranslate"><code>item idx cand MyItem(*) 1 Q6;32.6 Q974;80.6 Q1111;64.3 </code></pre></div> <p>And then <em>Edit column</em> -> <em>split into several columns</em> with the <code>;</code> separator to make</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="item idx cand 1 cand 2 MyItem(*) 1 Q6 32.6 Q974 80.6 Q1111 64.3"><pre class="notranslate"><code>item idx cand 1 cand 2 MyItem(*) 1 Q6 32.6 Q974 80.6 Q1111 64.3 </code></pre></div> <p>Then it's often helpful to fill down both the <code>item</code> and <code>idx</code> columns like so:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="item idx cand 1 cand 2 MyItem(*) 1 Q6 32.6 MyItem(*) 1 Q974 80.6 MyItem(*) 1 Q1111 64.3"><pre class="notranslate"><code>item idx cand 1 cand 2 MyItem(*) 1 Q6 32.6 MyItem(*) 1 Q974 80.6 MyItem(*) 1 Q1111 64.3 </code></pre></div> <p>It's probably worth changing those column names, but now you have the candidates each in their own cells. The <code>cand 1</code> column can be reconciled by identifier (using <em>Reconcile</em> -> <em>Use values as identifiers</em>).</p> <p><strong><em>Note:</em></strong> Here we're using the <code>idx</code> column to store the row index of the <em>original row</em> and not merely the current row. This serves a slightly different purpose than the <a href="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#finding-previous-row">example above</a>.</p> <p>At this point you could use <em>Edit column</em> -> <em>Add column from reconciled values</em> to pull more information about the candidate. For the <a href="https://wikidata.reconci.link/" rel="nofollow">Wikibase reconciliation service</a>, extending with <code>SPARQL: Len</code> to pull in the entry's label may be helpful.</p> <p>Another example might be pulling geographic coordinates to do a distance calculation.</p> <p>Now you can choose which value you want to reconcile by flagging the row. So you'll have something like the following:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" item idx cand 1 cand 2 MyItem(*) 1 Q6 32.6 F MyItem(*) 1 Q974 80.6 MyItem(*) 1 Q1111 64.3"><pre class="notranslate"><code> item idx cand 1 cand 2 MyItem(*) 1 Q6 32.6 F MyItem(*) 1 Q974 80.6 MyItem(*) 1 Q1111 64.3 </code></pre></div> <p>Finally, you can find which items have candidates chosen by using the following GREL expression:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="if( row.index == cells.idx.value, with( cell.cross('','idx'), cross, with( filter(cross,r,r.flagged), flagged, if( length(flagged) > 0, forEach(flagged,r,r.cells['cand 1'].value).join(';'), false ) ) ), null )"><pre class="notranslate"><code>if( row.index == cells.idx.value, with( cell.cross('','idx'), cross, with( filter(cross,r,r.flagged), flagged, if( length(flagged) > 0, forEach(flagged,r,r.cells['cand 1'].value).join(';'), false ) ) ), null ) </code></pre></div> <p>Here we used the <code>idx</code> column we created above for this self-cross. Now you have the following:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" item idx cand 1 cand 2 selected MyItem(*) 1 Q6 32.6 Q974 F MyItem(*) 1 Q974 80.6 MyItem(*) 1 Q1111 64.3 "><pre class="notranslate"><code> item idx cand 1 cand 2 selected MyItem(*) 1 Q6 32.6 Q974 F MyItem(*) 1 Q974 80.6 MyItem(*) 1 Q1111 64.3 </code></pre></div> <p>This is probably more clear when there is more than one reconciled item. Say we had the following:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" item idx cand 1 cand 2 selected MyItem(*) 1 Q6 32.6 Q974 F MyItem(*) 1 Q974 80.6 MyItem(*) 1 Q1111 64.3 MyItem(*) 2 Q98 3.2 false YourItem(*) 2 Q19 53.0 YourItem(*) 2 Q366 11.7 YourItem(*) 2 Q293 93.2 YourItem(*) 2 Q1 66.3 YourItem(*) 2 Q4 93.2 "><pre class="notranslate"><code> item idx cand 1 cand 2 selected MyItem(*) 1 Q6 32.6 Q974 F MyItem(*) 1 Q974 80.6 MyItem(*) 1 Q1111 64.3 MyItem(*) 2 Q98 3.2 false YourItem(*) 2 Q19 53.0 YourItem(*) 2 Q366 11.7 YourItem(*) 2 Q293 93.2 YourItem(*) 2 Q1 66.3 YourItem(*) 2 Q4 93.2 </code></pre></div> <p>Now using the <code>selected</code> facet to filter out null values and removing the <code>idx</code>, <code>cand 1</code> and <code>cand 2</code> columns, you get back the original table with an extra column.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" item selected MyItem(*) Q974 YourItem(*) false "><pre class="notranslate"><code> item selected MyItem(*) Q974 YourItem(*) false </code></pre></div> <p>Note you could simply use the Flag for the facet, but then unflagged rows will contain a mix of reconciled values with no candidates chosen and reconciled values with unchosen candidates. Moreover, you don't preserve other columns from the original table. Note also that the selected column contains a <code>;</code> separated list of selected columns in case you flag more than one per item.</p> <div class="markdown-heading"><h1 class="heading-element">14. Wikibase</h1><a id="user-content-14-wikibase" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 14. Wikibase" href="#14-wikibase"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading"><h3 class="heading-element">Create Wikitext for Wikimedia Commons uploads</h3><a id="user-content-create-wikitext-for-wikimedia-commons-uploads" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Create Wikitext for Wikimedia Commons uploads" href="#create-wikitext-for-wikimedia-commons-uploads"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/19eiMeq3XssiPrT9b04E-8XyE-desBEzYNgygLDYKP4o" rel="nofollow">Bulk upload images to Wikimedia Commons with OpenRefine 3.7+</a></p> <p>You can use GREL to populate templated Wikitext with descriptive metadata, which will then display a formatted table on the image's Commons page.</p> <p>The main structure of the instruction looks like this:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=""== {{int:filedesc}} ==\n" + "{{Information\n" + *Your field instructions go here!* "}}\n" + "=={{int:license-header}}==\n" + "{{cc-by-4.0}}\n" + *Your category instructions go here!*"><pre class="notranslate"><code>"== {{int:filedesc}} ==\n" + "{{Information\n" + *Your field instructions go here!* "}}\n" + "=={{int:license-header}}==\n" + "{{cc-by-4.0}}\n" + *Your category instructions go here!* </code></pre></div> <p>All the <code>\n</code> bits make sure there’s a linebreak instead of it all running on, and the <code>+</code> symbols connect the individual instructions into one big transformation that happens at once.</p> <p>If using another template, put the name where the example says <code>Information</code>. The following examples are for a customised template for specimen images.</p> <p>For each template field you want to populate, include a section that looks like this:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="if(isBlank(cells.qualifiedName.value), "", "|qualifiedName=" + cells.qualifiedName.value + "\n") +"><pre class="notranslate"><code>if(isBlank(cells.qualifiedName.value), "", "|qualifiedName=" + cells.qualifiedName.value + "\n") + </code></pre></div> <p>Here, each field checks if the record has data for it. If not, it knows to leave it out, but if there is data, it’ll pull it into the right part of the Wikitext column. <code>qualifiedName</code> is the label for both the column in the OpenRefine project and the field in the template.</p> <p>For each category you want to add to all your images, include a section like this:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="[[Category:Botany in Te Papa]]\n" +"><pre class="notranslate"><code>[[Category:Botany in Te Papa]]\n" + </code></pre></div> <p>But if there are categories you only want to include on some records, add the category name to its own column and do this instead:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="if(isBlank(cells.categoryScientificName.value), "", "[[Category:" + cells.categoryScientificName.value + "]]\n") +"><pre class="notranslate"><code>if(isBlank(cells.categoryScientificName.value), "", "[[Category:" + cells.categoryScientificName.value + "]]\n") + </code></pre></div> <p>Like the field data, this only adds the category to the Wikitext if you’ve got a value to fill it in.</p> <p>A full GREL instruction for a custom template might look like this:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=""== {{int:filedesc}} ==\n" + "{{TePapaColl\n" + "|description=" + cells.description.value + "\n" + "|date=" + cells.date.value + "\n" + "|author=" + cells.author.value + "\n" + "|source=" + cells.source.value + "\n" + if(isBlank(cells.title.value), "", "|title=" + cells.title.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.mātaurangaMāori.value), "", "|MātaurangaMāori=" + cells.mātaurangaMāori.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.placeCreated.value), "", "|placeCreated=" + cells.placeCreated.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.madeOf.value), "", "|madeOf=" + cells.madeOf.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.depicts.value), "", "|depicts=" + cells.depicts.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.basisOfRecord.value), "", "|basisOfRecord=" + cells.basisOfRecord.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.vernacularName.value), "", "|vernacularName=" + cells.vernacularName.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.qualifiedName.value), "", "|qualifiedName=" + cells.qualifiedName.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.typeStatus.value), "", "|typeStatus=" + cells.typeStatus.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.identifiedBy.value), "", "|identifiedBy=" + cells.identifiedBy.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.genusVernacularName.value), "", "|genusVernacularName=" + cells.genusVernacularName.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.family.value), "", "|family=" + cells.family.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.dateCollected.value), "", "|dateCollected=" + cells.dateCollected.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.recordedBy.value), "", "|recordedBy=" + cells.recordedBy.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.country.value), "", "|country=" + cells.country.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.stateProvince.value), "", "|stateProvince=" + cells.stateProvince.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.catalogueRestrictions.value), if(isBlank(cells.preciseLocality.value), "", "|preciseLocality=" + cells.preciseLocality.value + "\n"), "") + if(isBlank(cells.elevation.value), "", "|elevation=" + cells.elevation.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.depth.value), "", "|depth=" + cells.depth.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.institutionCode.value), "", "|institutionCode=" + cells.institutionCode.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.institution.value), "", "|institution=" + cells.institution.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.identifier.value), "", "|identifier=" + cells.identifier.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.creditLine.value), "", "|creditLine=" + cells.creditLine.value + "\n") + "}}\n" + "=={{int:license-header}}==\n" + "{{cc-by-4.0}}\n" + "[[Category:Botany in Te Papa Tongarewa]]\n" + "[[Category:Uploaded by Te Papa staff]]\n" + "[[Category:Herbarium specimens]]\n" + if(isBlank(cells.categoryScientificName.value), "", "[[Category:" + cells.categoryScientificName.value + "]]\n") + if(isBlank(cells.typeStatus.value), "", "[[Category:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa type specimens]]\n")"><pre class="notranslate"><code>"== {{int:filedesc}} ==\n" + "{{TePapaColl\n" + "|description=" + cells.description.value + "\n" + "|date=" + cells.date.value + "\n" + "|author=" + cells.author.value + "\n" + "|source=" + cells.source.value + "\n" + if(isBlank(cells.title.value), "", "|title=" + cells.title.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.mātaurangaMāori.value), "", "|MātaurangaMāori=" + cells.mātaurangaMāori.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.placeCreated.value), "", "|placeCreated=" + cells.placeCreated.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.madeOf.value), "", "|madeOf=" + cells.madeOf.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.depicts.value), "", "|depicts=" + cells.depicts.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.basisOfRecord.value), "", "|basisOfRecord=" + cells.basisOfRecord.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.vernacularName.value), "", "|vernacularName=" + cells.vernacularName.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.qualifiedName.value), "", "|qualifiedName=" + cells.qualifiedName.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.typeStatus.value), "", "|typeStatus=" + cells.typeStatus.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.identifiedBy.value), "", "|identifiedBy=" + cells.identifiedBy.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.genusVernacularName.value), "", "|genusVernacularName=" + cells.genusVernacularName.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.family.value), "", "|family=" + cells.family.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.dateCollected.value), "", "|dateCollected=" + cells.dateCollected.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.recordedBy.value), "", "|recordedBy=" + cells.recordedBy.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.country.value), "", "|country=" + cells.country.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.stateProvince.value), "", "|stateProvince=" + cells.stateProvince.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.catalogueRestrictions.value), if(isBlank(cells.preciseLocality.value), "", "|preciseLocality=" + cells.preciseLocality.value + "\n"), "") + if(isBlank(cells.elevation.value), "", "|elevation=" + cells.elevation.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.depth.value), "", "|depth=" + cells.depth.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.institutionCode.value), "", "|institutionCode=" + cells.institutionCode.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.institution.value), "", "|institution=" + cells.institution.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.identifier.value), "", "|identifier=" + cells.identifier.value + "\n") + if(isBlank(cells.creditLine.value), "", "|creditLine=" + cells.creditLine.value + "\n") + "}}\n" + "=={{int:license-header}}==\n" + "{{cc-by-4.0}}\n" + "[[Category:Botany in Te Papa Tongarewa]]\n" + "[[Category:Uploaded by Te Papa staff]]\n" + "[[Category:Herbarium specimens]]\n" + if(isBlank(cells.categoryScientificName.value), "", "[[Category:" + cells.categoryScientificName.value + "]]\n") + if(isBlank(cells.typeStatus.value), "", "[[Category:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa type specimens]]\n") </code></pre></div> </div> <div id="wiki-footer" class="mt-5 Link--muted wiki-footer"> <a class="d-block p-3 Link--muted text-center border border-dashed rounded-2" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/_new?wiki%5Bname%5D=_Footer"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-plus mr-1"> <path d="M7.75 2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75V7h4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H8.5v4.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V8.5H2.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5H7V2.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 2Z"></path> </svg> Add a custom footer </a> </div> </div> </div> <div style="min-width: 0" data-view-component="true" class="Layout-sidebar"> <div class="wiki-rightbar"> <nav id="wiki-pages-box" class="mb-4 wiki-pages-box js-wiki-pages-box" aria-labelledby="wiki-pages-box-heading"> <div class="Box 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7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Broker-Protocol" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Broker Protocol</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Broker-Protocol/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Building-OpenRefine-From-Source" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Building OpenRefine From Source</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Building-OpenRefine-From-Source/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Cell-Editing" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Cell Editing</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Cell-Editing/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-2.0" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 2.0</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-2.0/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-2.1" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 2.1</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-2.1/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-2.5" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 2.5</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-2.5/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-2.6" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 2.6</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-2.6/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.1" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 3.1</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.1/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.2" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 3.2</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.2/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.3" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 3.3</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.3/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.4" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 3.4</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.4/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.5" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 3.5</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.5/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.6" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 3.6</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.6/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.7" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 3.7</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.7/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row 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js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.8" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 3.8</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.8/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.9" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 3.9</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-3.9/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-4.0" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Changes for 4.0</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Changes-for-4.0/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Client-Side-Architecture" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Client Side Architecture</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Client-Side-Architecture/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Clustering" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Clustering</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Clustering/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> 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d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Clustering-In-Depth" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Clustering In Depth</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Clustering-In-Depth/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Column-Editing" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Column Editing</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Column-Editing/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Common-Use-Case-Examples" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Common Use Case Examples</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Common-Use-Case-Examples/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Data-Extension-API" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Data Extension API</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Data-Extension-API/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Data-Sources" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Data Sources</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Data-Sources/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > 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0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Development-coding-standards" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Development coding standards</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Development-coding-standards/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" 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cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/FAQ" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">FAQ</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/FAQ/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> 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class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/FAQ-Allocate-More-Memory" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">FAQ Allocate More Memory</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/FAQ-Allocate-More-Memory/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/FAQ-Where-Is-Data-Stored" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">FAQ Where Is Data Stored</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/FAQ-Where-Is-Data-Stored/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon 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<span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Fetching-URLs-From-Web-Services" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Fetching URLs From Web Services</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Fetching-URLs-From-Web-Services/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Freebase-Schema-Alignment-(discontinued)" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Freebase Schema Alignment (discontinued)</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Freebase-Schema-Alignment-(discontinued)/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Funded-projects" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Funded projects</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Funded-projects/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a 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d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Getting-Started" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Getting Started</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Getting-Started/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" 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class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Glossary-of-Terms/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span 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fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/GREL-Boolean-Functions" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">GREL Boolean Functions</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/GREL-Boolean-Functions/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> 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d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/GREL-Controls" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">GREL Controls</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/GREL-Controls/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" 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fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/GSoC-application-template" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">GSoC application template</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/GSoC-application-template/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 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d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/GSoC-Outreachy-2022%C2%A0Ideas" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">GSoC Outreachy 2022 Ideas</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/GSoC-Outreachy-2022%C2%A0Ideas/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/GSoC-Outreachy-2023-Ideas" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">GSoC Outreachy 2023 Ideas</a> </span> </div> </summary> 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class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Preferences" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Preferences</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Preferences/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Publishing-dependencies-to-Maven-Central" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Publishing dependencies to Maven Central</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Publishing-dependencies-to-Maven-Central/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipe-Apache-Logs" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Recipe Apache Logs</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipe-Apache-Logs/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" open> <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-open mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Recipes</a> </span> </div> </summary> <ul class="list-style-none mx-4 px-1"> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#1-numbers">1. Numbers</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#parse-and-format-phone-numbers">Parse and format Phone Numbers</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#convert-to-decimal-latitude-or-longitude">Convert to Decimal Latitude or Longitude</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#isbn-10">ISBN-10</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#convert-an-isbn-10-to-isbn-13">Convert an ISBN-10 to ISBN-13</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#2-string-manipulation">2. String manipulation</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#extract-out-the-first-value-in-a-multi-valued-cell">Extract out the first value in a multi-valued cell</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#change-2010-05-31t01100z-to-05312010">Change "2010-05-31T01:10:0Z" to "05/31/2010"</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#trim-whitespace-from-beginning-and-end-of-values">Trim whitespace from beginning and end of values</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#titlecase-that-works-on-hyphenated-names">Titlecase that works on hyphenated names</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#replacing-chars-punctuation-etc-using-regular-expressions">Replacing Chars, Punctuation, etc using regular expressions</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#someprefix_a2343---a2343">"someprefix_a2343" -> "a2343"</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 48px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#blah_2342_blah_1232---2342_blah_1232">"blah_2342_blah_1232" -> "2342_blah_1232"</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#abcde---bcd">"a:b:c:d:e" -> "b:c:d"</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#unique-separator-for-split--join-multi-valued-cells">Unique separator for split / join multi-valued cells</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#pad-with-leading-zeroes">Pad with leading zeroes</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#finding-proper-names-or-people-names-in-a-string">Finding Proper Names or People Names in a String</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#separate-letters-and-digits-eg-aug13---aug-13">Separate letters and digits e.g. Aug13 -> Aug 13</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#find-a-sub-pattern-that-exists-at-the-end-of-a-string">Find a sub pattern that exists at the end of a string</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#remove-the-last-word-in-a-string">Remove the last word in a string</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#00003400340300004---00003400340300004">"00003400340300004" -> ["000034","0034","03","00004"]</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#split--map--join">split / map / join</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#atampampt----att">"AT&amp;amp;T" --> "AT&T"</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#removeextract-words-contained-in-a-file">Remove/extract words contained in a file</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#replace-string-list-entries">Replace string list entries</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#3-dates-and-time">3. Dates and Time</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#comparing-dates-in-columns">Comparing Dates in columns</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#convert-epochunix-time-to-datetime-as-string">Convert Epoch/Unix time to Date/Time as String</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#how-to-convert-date-string-back-to-unix-time">How to convert Date string back to Unix time</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#convert-time-to-minutes">Convert Time to Minutes</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#4-json">4. JSON</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#parse-json-and-create-custom-arrays-using-foreach">Parse JSON and Create Custom Arrays using forEach()</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#filtering-or-applying-conditional-logic-to-json-arrays">Filtering or applying conditional logic to JSON Arrays</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#parse-an-ip-address-to-extract-a-country-name-latitude--longitude">Parse an IP address to extract a Country Name, Latitude & Longitude</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#5-fetch-urls-and-web-scraping">5. Fetch URLs and Web scraping</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#get-http-response-header-field-eg-redirect-location">Get HTTP Response Header field (e.g. redirect location)</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#get-http-status-code-eg-link-checker">Get HTTP Status code (e.g. link checker)</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#xml-parsing--stripping">XML parsing & stripping</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#6-duplicate-patterns">6. Duplicate Patterns</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#removing-duplicate-rows-when-exact-values-are-found-in-a-column">Removing duplicate rows when Exact values are found in a column</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#handling-duplicate-patterns-found-in-cells-within-a-column">Handling duplicate patterns found in cells within a column</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#finding-cells-that-contain-duplicate-words">Finding cells that contain duplicate words</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#finding-cells-that-contain-a-repeated-consecutive-word">Finding cells that contain a repeated consecutive word</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#facet-and-count-duplicate-patterns-found-in-a-cell-value-at-each-row">Facet and Count duplicate patterns found in a cell value at each row</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#7-columns">7. Columns</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#count-non-blank-values-in-each-column">Count non-blank values in each column</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#count-blank-values-in-each-column">Count blank values in each column</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#create-a-new-column-based-on-the-value-of-star-or-flag">Create a new column based on the value of "Star" or "Flag"</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 24px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#combining-datasets">Combining datasets</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#using-cross-to-combine-data-from-two-projects">Using cross() to combine data from two projects</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 48px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#example">Example:</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#using-cross-within-a-single-project">Using cross() within a single project</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#finding-previous-row">Finding previous row</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#merging-several-columns">Merging several columns</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#merging-all-or-more-than-two-columns-in-a-project">Merging all or more than two columns in a project</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#8-error-handling">8. Error Handling</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#fornonblank">forNonBlank</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#9-encoding-issues">9. Encoding Issues</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#replacing-diacritic-accent-characters">Replacing diacritic (accent) characters</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#aãn-tãmuchent-----aïn-témuchent">"Aïn Témuchent" ---> "Aïn Témuchent"</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#spot-values-potentially-placed-in-the-wrong-column">Spot Values Potentially Placed in the wrong Column</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#question-marks--showing-in-your-data">Question Marks � showing in your data</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#10-records-and-rows">10. Records and Rows</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#facet-for-rows-with-a-certain-number-of-blank-cells">Facet for rows with a certain number of blank cells</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#get-multiple-rows-from-a-record-row-column">Get multiple rows from a Record row column</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#shift-values-in-multiple-rows">Shift values in multiple rows</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#11-clojure">11. Clojure</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#extract-row-and-cell-information">Extract row and cell information</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#convert-roman-numerals-to-arabic">Convert Roman numerals to Arabic</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#java-interop-with-clojure">Java interop with Clojure</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#parse-a-url-or-uri-to-extract-a-host-path-query-or-convert-to-a-uri">Parse a URL or URI to extract a Host, Path, Query, or convert to a URI</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#12-templating-exporter">12. Templating exporter</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#use-the-templating-exporter-to-produce-yaml-or-marcxml">Use the templating exporter to produce YAML or MARCXML</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#use-the-templating-exporter-to-produce-other-formats">Use the templating exporter to produce other formats</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#13-reconciliation">13. Reconciliation</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#inspecting-reconciliation-candidates">Inspecting reconciliation candidates</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 12px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#14-wikibase">14. Wikibase</a> </li> <li class="my-2" style="padding-left: 36px;"> <a class="Link--primary" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Wiki","action":"toc_click","label":null}" href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#create-wikitext-for-wikimedia-commons-uploads">Create Wikitext for Wikimedia Commons uploads</a> </li> </ul> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Reconcilable-Data-Sources" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Reconcilable Data Sources</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Reconcilable-Data-Sources/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Reconciliation" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Reconciliation</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Reconciliation/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Reconciliation-Service-API" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Reconciliation Service API</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Reconciliation-Service-API/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Related-Software" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Related Software</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Related-Software/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Releasing-Version" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Releasing Version</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Releasing-Version/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Research-on-data-grids" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Research on data grids</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Research-on-data-grids/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Roadmap" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Roadmap</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Roadmap/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Row-Editing" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Row Editing</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Row-Editing/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Sample-Datasets" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Sample Datasets</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Sample-Datasets/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Sample-Extension" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Sample Extension</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Sample-Extension/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Schema-Alignment" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Schema Alignment</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Schema-Alignment/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Screencasts" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Screencasts</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Screencasts/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Server-Side-Architecture" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Server Side Architecture</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Server-Side-Architecture/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details 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3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Setup-JAVA" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Setup JAVA</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Setup-JAVA/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/StrippingHTML" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">StrippingHTML</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/StrippingHTML/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Suggest-API" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Suggest API</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Suggest-API/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Survey-privacy-statement" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Survey privacy statement</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Survey-privacy-statement/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 mt-n1 mb-n1 ml-n1 btn btn-octicon js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron-button "> <span hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" data-view-component="true" class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-spinner mr-0 v-align-text-bottom anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Technology-Stack" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Technology Stack</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Technology-Stack/_toc"> </include-fragment> </details> </li> <li class="Box-row wiki-more-pages px-2 py-2"> <details class="details-reset" > <summary> <div class="d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="p-2 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stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" fill="none" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Loading</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down js-wiki-sidebar-toc-toggle-chevron mr-0"> <path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span data-view-component="true" class="Truncate"> <a href="/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/Troubleshooting-Fetching-data-from-URLs" data-view-component="true" class="Truncate-text text-bold py-1">Troubleshooting Fetching data from URLs</a> </span> </div> </summary> <include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" 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