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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-hi.svg" width="108" height="18" style="width: 6.75em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>खोजें</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> 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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="दिखावट"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="पृष्ठ के फ़ॉन्ट का आकार, चौड़ाई और रंग बदलें" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="दिखावट" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">दिखावट</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi" class=""><span>दान करें</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है" class=""><span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="अन्य विकल्प" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">व्यक्तिगत उपकरण</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi"><span>दान करें</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> लॉग-आउट किए गए संपादकों के लिए पृष्ठ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF" aria-label="संपादन के बारे में अधिक जानें"><span>अधिक जानें</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इस आईपी पते से संपादन की सूची [y]" accesskey="y"><span>योगदान</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="इस आईपी एड्रेससे हुए बदलावों के बारे में वार्ता [n]" accesskey="n"><span>वार्ता</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="साइट"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="सामग्री" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">सामग्री</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">साइडबार पर जाएँ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">शुरुआत</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-परिभाषा_एवं_वर्गीकरण" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#परिभाषा_एवं_वर्गीकरण"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>परिभाषा एवं वर्गीकरण</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-परिभाषा_एवं_वर्गीकरण-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-तत्त्व" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#तत्त्व"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>तत्त्व</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-तत्त्व-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-आक्सीकरण_अवस्था" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#आक्सीकरण_अवस्था"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>आक्सीकरण अवस्था</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-आक्सीकरण_अवस्था-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-संक्रमण_धातुओं_के_यौगिकों_के_रंग" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#संक्रमण_धातुओं_के_यौगिकों_के_रंग"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>संक्रमण धातुओं के यौगिकों के रंग</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-संक्रमण_धातुओं_के_यौगिकों_के_रंग-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-आणविक_विन्यास" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#आणविक_विन्यास"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>आणविक विन्यास</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-आणविक_विन्यास-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="सामग्री" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="विषयसूची को टॉगल करें" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">विषयसूची को टॉगल करें</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">संक्रमण धातु</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="दूसरे भाषा में लेख पर जाएँ। 84 भाषाओं में उपलब्ध" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 भाषाएँ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oorgangsmetaal" title="Oorgangsmetaal – अफ़्रीकी" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oorgangsmetaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="अफ़्रीकी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_transici%C3%B3n" title="Metal de transición – अरागोनी" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Metal de transición" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="अरागोनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="فلز انتقالي – अरबी" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلز انتقالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_transici%C3%B3n" title="Metal de transición – अस्तुरियन" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Metal de transición" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="अस्तुरियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C3%A7id_metallar" title="Keçid metallar – अज़रबैजानी" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Keçid metallar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="अज़रबैजानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi – बालिनीस" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Logam transisi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="बालिनीस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Преходни метали – बुल्गारियाई" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Преходни метали" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="बुल्गारियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="অবস্থান্তর ধাতু – बंगाली" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অবস্থান্তর ধাতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="बंगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelazni_metal" title="Prelazni metal – बोस्नियाई" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prelazni metal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="बोस्नियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall_de_transici%C3%B3" title="Metall de transició – कातालान" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metall de transició" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="कातालान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%B3-d%C3%B4_g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k" title="Guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99echodn%C3%A9_kovy" title="Přechodné kovy – चेक" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přechodné kovy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="चेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Куçăмлă металсем – चूवाश" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Куçăмлă металсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="चूवाश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfen_drosiannol" title="Elfen drosiannol – वेल्श" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Elfen drosiannol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="वेल्श" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overgangsmetal" title="Overgangsmetal – डेनिश" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Overgangsmetal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="डेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle" title="Übergangsmetalle – जर्मन" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Übergangsmetalle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Στοιχεία μετάπτωσης – यूनानी" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στοιχεία μετάπτωσης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="यूनानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal – अंग्रेज़ी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Transition metal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अंग्रेज़ी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transirmetalo" title="Transirmetalo – एस्पेरेंतो" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Transirmetalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="एस्पेरेंतो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_transici%C3%B3n" title="Metal de transición – स्पेनिश" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metal de transición" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="स्पेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirdemetallid" title="Siirdemetallid – एस्टोनियाई" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Siirdemetallid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="एस्टोनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trantsizio-metal" title="Trantsizio-metal – बास्क" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Trantsizio-metal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="बास्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%87" title="فلز واسطه – फ़ारसी" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلز واسطه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="फ़ारसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirtym%C3%A4metalli" title="Siirtymämetalli – फ़िनिश" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siirtymämetalli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="फ़िनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_de_transition" title="Métal de transition – फ़्रेंच" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métal de transition" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="फ़्रेंच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auergungsmetal" title="Auergungsmetal – उत्तरी फ़्रीसियाई" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Auergungsmetal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="उत्तरी फ़्रीसियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miotal_trasdultach" title="Miotal trasdultach – आयरिश" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Miotal trasdultach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="आयरिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatailt_trastach" title="Meatailt trastach – स्कॉटिश गाएलिक" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Meatailt trastach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="स्कॉटिश गाएलिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_transici%C3%B3n" title="Metal de transición – गैलिशियन" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Metal de transición" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="गैलिशियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko-thu_k%C3%AEm-su%CC%8Dk" title="Ko-thu kîm-su̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ko-thu kîm-su̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8" title="מתכות מעבר – हिब्रू" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתכות מעבר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="हिब्रू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badalte_dhaatu" title="Badalte dhaatu – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Badalte dhaatu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prijelazni_metali" title="Prijelazni metali – क्रोएशियाई" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prijelazni metali" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_tranzisyon_ent%C3%A8n" title="Metal tranzisyon entèn – हैतियाई" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Metal tranzisyon entèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="हैतियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tmenetif%C3%A9mek" title="Átmenetifémek – हंगेरियाई" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Átmenetifémek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="हंगेरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Անցումային տարրեր – आर्मेनियाई" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անցումային տարրեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="आर्मेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallo_de_transition" title="Metallo de transition – इंटरलिंगुआ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Metallo de transition" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="इंटरलिंगुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi – इंडोनेशियाई" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Logam transisi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="इंडोनेशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hli%C3%B0arm%C3%A1lmur" title="Hliðarmálmur – आइसलैंडिक" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hliðarmálmur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="आइसलैंडिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementi_di_transizione" title="Elementi di transizione – इतालवी" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elementi di transizione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="इतालवी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%B7%E7%A7%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="遷移元素 – जापानी" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="遷移元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="जापानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/binjimkle" title="binjimkle – लोज्बान" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="binjimkle" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="लोज्बान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi – जावानीज़" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Logam transisi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="जावानीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ауыспалы металдар – कज़ाख़" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ауыспалы металдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="कज़ाख़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9D%B4_%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D" title="전이 금속 – कोरियाई" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전이 금속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="कोरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalla_transitionis" title="Metalla transitionis – लैटिन" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metalla transitionis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="लैटिन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euvergangsmetaal" title="Euvergangsmetaal – लिंबर्गिश" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Euvergangsmetaal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="लिंबर्गिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metai_de_transizzion" title="Metai de transizzion – लॉमबर्ड" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Metai de transizzion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="लॉमबर्ड" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81rejas_met%C4%81li" title="Pārejas metāli – लातवियाई" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pārejas metāli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="लातवियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panghantar_listrik" title="Panghantar listrik – मिनांग्काबाउ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Panghantar listrik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="मिनांग्काबाउ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Преодни метали – मकदूनियाई" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Преодни метали" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="मकदूनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="സംക്രമണ ലോഹം – मलयालम" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സംക്രമണ ലോഹം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="मलयालम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_peralihan" title="Logam peralihan – मलय" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Logam peralihan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="मलय" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ကြားဆက်သတ္တုဒြပ်စင်များ – बर्मीज़" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြားဆက်သတ္တုဒြပ်စင်များ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="बर्मीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96vergangselement" title="Övergangselement – निचला जर्मन" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Övergangselement" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="निचला जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overgangsmetaal" title="Overgangsmetaal – डच" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Overgangsmetaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="डच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transisjonsmetall" title="Transisjonsmetall – नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Transisjonsmetall" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innskuddsmetall" title="Innskuddsmetall – नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Innskuddsmetall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_transicion" title="Metal de transicion – ओसीटान" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Metal de transicion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ओसीटान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਅੰਤਰਕਾਲੀ ਧਾਤਾਂ – पंजाबी" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਤਰਕਾਲੀ ਧਾਤਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="पंजाबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metale_przej%C5%9Bciowe" title="Metale przejściowe – पोलिश" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metale przejściowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="पोलिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Metal de transição – पुर्तगाली" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metal de transição" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="पुर्तगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_tranzi%C8%9Bie" title="Metal de tranziție – रोमानियाई" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metal de tranziție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="रोमानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Переходные металлы – रूसी" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Переходные металлы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="रूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelazni_metali" title="Prelazni metali – सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prelazni metali" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Transition metal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prechodn%C3%BD_prvok" title="Prechodný prvok – स्लोवाक" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prechodný prvok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवाक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehodni_element" title="Prehodni element – स्लोवेनियाई" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prehodni element" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhangande_Rudarikira" title="Nhangande Rudarikira – शोणा" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nhangande Rudarikira" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="शोणा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_Metal" title="Transitional Metal – सोमाली" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Transitional Metal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="सोमाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Прелазни метал – सर्बियाई" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прелазни метал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="सर्बियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96verg%C3%A5ngsmetall" title="Övergångsmetall – स्वीडिश" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Övergångsmetall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="स्वीडिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metali_ya_mpito" title="Metali ya mpito – स्वाहिली" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Metali ya mpito" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="स्वाहिली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தாண்டல் உலோகம் – तमिल" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாண்டல் உலோகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="तमिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="โลหะทรานซิชัน – थाई" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลหะทรานซิชัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="थाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%C3%A7i%C5%9F_metali" title="Geçiş metali – तुर्की" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Geçiş metali" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="तुर्की" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Перехідні метали – यूक्रेनियाई" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перехідні метали" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="यूक्रेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_chuy%E1%BB%83n_ti%E1%BA%BFp" title="Kim loại chuyển tiếp – वियतनामी" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kim loại chuyển tiếp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="वियतनामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="过渡金属 – वू चीनी" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="过渡金属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="वू चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="איבערגאנג מעטאל – यहूदी" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איבערגאנג מעטאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="यहूदी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="过渡金属 – चीनी" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="过渡金属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="過渡金屬 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="過渡金屬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2e-t%C5%8D%CD%98_kim-sio%CC%8Dk" title="Kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k – मिन नान" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="मिन नान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="過渡金屬 – कैंटोनीज़" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="過渡金屬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="कैंटोनीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19588#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="अंतरभाषा कड़ियाँ संपादित करें" class="wbc-editpage">कड़ियाँ संपादित करें</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="नामस्थान"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="सामग्री वाला पृष्ठ देखें [c]" accesskey="c"><span>लेख</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">दिखावट</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">साइडबार पर जाएँ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">मुक्त ज्ञानकोश विकिपीडिया से</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hi" dir="ltr"><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="परमाणु क्रमांक">परमाणु संख्या</a> 13,21 से 30, 39 से 48, 57,72 से 80 और 89,104 से 112 वाले <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="रासायनिक तत्व">रासायनिक तत्त्व</a> <b>संक्रमण तत्त्व</b> (<i>transition elements</i>/ट्राँज़िशन एलिमेंट्स) कहलाते हैं। चूँकि ये सभी तत्त्व <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="धातु">धातुएँ</a> हैं, इसलिये इनको <b>संक्रमण धातु</b> भी कहते हैं। इनका यह नाम <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी">आवर्त सारणी</a> में उनके स्थान के कारण पड़ा है क्योंकि प्रत्येक पिरियड में इन तत्त्वों के <b>d</b> ऑर्बिटल में <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="इलेक्ट्रॉन">इलेक्ट्रान</a> भरते हैं और 'संक्रमण' होता है। <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98" title="शुद्ध और अनुप्रयोगिक रसायन का अंतरराष्ट्रीय संघ">आईयूपीएसी</a> (IUPAC) ने इनकी परिभाषा यह दी है- वे तत्त्व जिनका <b>d</b> उपकक्षा अंशतः भरी हो। इस परिभाषा के अनुसार, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जस्ता">जस्ता</a> समूह के तत्त्व संक्रमण तत्त्व नहीं हैं क्योंकि उनकी संरचना d10 है। </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="परिभाषा_एवं_वर्गीकरण"><span id=".E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AD.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B7.E0.A4.BE_.E0.A4.8F.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.82_.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.97.E0.A5.80.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.A3"></span>परिभाषा एवं वर्गीकरण</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=1" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: परिभाषा एवं वर्गीकरण"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>रासायनिक नामकरण के 2011 <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC नाम">IUPAC</a> सिद्धांत आवर्त सारणी पर समूह 3 से 12 में किसी भी तत्व के रूप में "संक्रमण धातु" का वर्णन करते हैं।<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> यह बिल्कुल डी-ब्लॉक तत्वों से मेल खाता है, और कई वैज्ञानिक इस परिभाषा का उपयोग करते हैं। <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> में वास्तविक अभ्यास में, एफ-ब्लॉक लैंथेनाइड और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="ऐक्टिनाइड">एक्टिनाइड</a> श्रृंखला को "<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="आंतरिक संक्रमण तत्व">आंतरिक संक्रमण</a> धातु" कहा जाता है। 2005 की रेड बुक समूह 12 तत्वों को बाहर करने की अनुमति देती है, लेकिन 2011 के सिद्धांतों को नहीं।<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IUPAC गोल्ड बुक <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> एक संक्रमण धातु को "एक तत्व जिसके परमाणु में आंशिक रूप से भरा हुआ डी उप-कोश होता है, या जो अपूर्ण डी उप-कोश के साथ धनायन को जन्म दे सकता है" के रूप में परिभाषित करता है। लेकिन यह परिभाषा रेड बुक के पुराने संस्करण से ली गई है और अब वर्तमान संस्करण में मौजूद नहीं है। <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>डी-ब्लॉक में, तत्वों के परमाणुओं में शून्य से दस डी इलेक्ट्रॉन होते हैं। प्रकाशित पाठ और आवर्त सारणी समूह 3 के भारी सदस्यों के संबंध में भिन्नता दिखाते हैं। <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> इन स्थितियों में लैंथेनम और एक्टिनियम का सामान्य स्थान भौतिक, रासायनिक और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" class="mw-redirect" title="इलेक्ट्रॉनिक">इलेक्ट्रॉनिक</a> साक्ष्य द्वारा समर्थित नहीं है, <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="तत्त्व"><span id=".E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B5"></span>तत्त्व</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=2" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: तत्त्व"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>समूह </th> <th>3 (III B) </th> <th>4 (IV B) </th> <th>5 (V B) </th> <th>6 (VI B) </th> <th>7 (VII B) </th> <th>8 (VIII B) </th> <th>9 (VIII B) </th> <th>10 (VIII B) </th> <th>12 (I B) </th> <th>13 (III A) </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पिरियड 4 (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">पिरियड 4</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="स्कैण्डियम">Sc</a> 21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="टाइटेनियम">Ti</a> 22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="वनेडियम">V</a> 23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="क्रोमियम">Cr</a> 24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="मैंगनीज़">Mn</a> 25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE" title="लोहा">Fe</a> 26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="कोबाल्ट">Co</a> 27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2" title="निकल">Ni</a> 28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="ताम्र">Cu</a> 29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जस्ता">Zn</a> 30 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पिरियड 5 (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">पिरियड 5</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="इट्रियम">Y</a> 39 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ज़र्कोनियम">Zr</a> 40 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नायोबियम">Nb</a> 41 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="मोलिब्डेनम">Mo</a> 42 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="टेक्निशियम">Tc</a> 43 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम">Ru</a> 44 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रोडियम">Rh</a> 45 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पलेडियम">Pd</a> 46 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="चाँदी">Ag</a> 47 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="कैडमियम">Cd</a> 48 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1_6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पिरियड 6 (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">पिरियड 6</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लुटीशियम">Lu</a> 71 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="हाफ्नियम">Hf</a> 72 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="टैंटेलम">Ta</a> 73 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="टंगस्टन">W</a> 74 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रीनियम">Re</a> 75 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ओस्मियम">Os</a> 76 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="इरीडियम">Ir</a> 77 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="प्लैटिनम">Pt</a> 78 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सोना">Au</a> 79 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पारा">Hg</a> 80 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1_7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पिरियड 7 (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">पिरियड 7</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लोरेनसियम">Lr</a> 103 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रदरफोर्डियम">Rf</a> 104 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="डब्नियम">Db</a> 105 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="सीबोर्गियम">Sg</a> 106 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="बोरियम">Bh</a> 107 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="हैसियम">Hs</a> 108 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="मेइट्नेरियम">Mt</a> 109 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="डार्मस्टाडियम">Ds</a> 110 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रेन्टजेनियम">Rg</a> 111 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="कोपरनिसियम">Cn</a> 112 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="आक्सीकरण_अवस्था"><span id=".E0.A4.86.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B8.E0.A5.80.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.A3_.E0.A4.85.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.B8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A5.E0.A4.BE"></span>आक्सीकरण अवस्था</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=3" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: आक्सीकरण अवस्था"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg&lang=hi" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg/langhi-800px-Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg/langhi-1200px-Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg/langhi-1600px-Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>संक्रमण धातुओं के आक्सीकरण अवस्थायें: जो गोले भरे हुए हैं वे 'आम' आक्सीकरण अवस्था दिखा रहे हैं, जो गोले खाली हैं वे यदा-कदा होने वाले आक्सीकरण अवस्था को बता रहे हैं।</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="संक्रमण_धातुओं_के_यौगिकों_के_रंग"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.A3_.E0.A4.A7.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.93.E0.A4.82_.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.87_.E0.A4.AF.E0.A5.8C.E0.A4.97.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.82_.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.87_.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.97"></span>संक्रमण धातुओं के यौगिकों के रंग</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=4" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: संक्रमण धातुओं के यौगिकों के रंग"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg/500px-Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg/750px-Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg/1000px-Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>कुछ संक्रमण धातुओं ऋणायनों से युक्त जलीय विलयनों के रंग : कोबाल्ट नाइट्रेट (II), Co (NO3) 2 (लाल); पोटैशियम डाइक्रोमेट, K2Cr2O7 (नारंगी); पोटैशियम क्रोमेट, K2CrO4 (पीला); निकल क्लोराइड (II), NiCl2 (हरा); कापर सल्फेट (II), CuSO4 (नीला); पोटैशियम परमैंगनेट, KMnO4 (बैंगनी).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="आणविक_विन्यास"><span id=".E0.A4.86.E0.A4.A3.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.95_.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B8"></span>आणविक विन्यास</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=5" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: आणविक विन्यास"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4"><b>परमाणु क्रमांक</b></td> <td><b>चिन्ह</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="रासायनिक तत्व">रासायनिक तत्त्व</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="आणविक विन्यास (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">इलेक्ट्रान विन्यास</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><b>Sc</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="स्कैण्डियम">स्कैण्डियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><b>Ti</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="टाइटेनियम">टाइटेनियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><b>V</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="वनेडियम">वैनेडियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><b>Cr</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="क्रोमियम">क्रोमियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>1</sup> 3d<sup>5</sup> ( <b>*</b> ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><b>Mn</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="मैंगनीज़">मैंगनीज़</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>5</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td><b>Fe</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE" title="लोहा">लोहा</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><b>Co</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="कोबाल्ट">कोबाल्ट</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>7</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><b>Ni</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2" title="निकल">निकल</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>8</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td><b>Cu</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="ताम्र">ताम्र</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>1</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> ( <b>*</b> ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td><b>Zn</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जस्ता">ज़िंक</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td><b>Y</b></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="यत्त्रियम (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">यत्त्रियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td><b>Zr</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ज़र्कोनियम">ज़र्कोनियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td><b>Nb</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नायोबियम">नायोबियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup> 4d<sup>4</sup> ( <b>*</b> ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td><b>Mo</b></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मॉलीब्लेडम (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">मॉलीब्लेडम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup> 4d<sup>5</sup> ( <b>*</b> ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>43</td> <td><b>Tc</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="टेक्निशियम">टेकनेटियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>5</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>44</td> <td><b>Ru</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम">रुथेनियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup> 4d<sup>7</sup> ( <b>*</b> ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>45</td> <td><b>Rh</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रोडियम">रोडियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup> 4d<sup>8</sup> ( <b>*</b> ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>46</td> <td><b>Pd</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पलेडियम">पैलाडियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> ( <b>*</b> ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>47</td> <td><b>Ag</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="चाँदी">चाँदी</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> ( <b>*</b> ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>48</td> <td><b>Cd</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="कैडमियम">कैडमियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>72</td> <td><b>Hf</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="हाफ्नियम">हाफ्नियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>73</td> <td><b>Ta</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="टैंटेलम">टैंटेलम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>74</td> <td><b>W</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="टंगस्टन">टंगस्टन</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>75</td> <td><b>Re</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रीनियम">र्हेनियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>5</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>76</td> <td><b>Os</b></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ऑस्मियम (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ऑस्मियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>77</td> <td><b>Ir</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="इरीडियम">इरीडियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>7</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>78</td> <td><b>Pt</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="प्लैटिनम">प्लैटिनम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>1</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>9</sup> ( <b>*</b> ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>79</td> <td><b>Au</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सोना">सोना</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>1</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> ( <b>*</b> ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>80</td> <td><b>Hg</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पारा">पारा</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>104</td> <td><b>Rf</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रदरफोर्डियम">रदरफोर्डियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6p<sup>6</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>2</sup> ? </td></tr> <tr> <td>105</td> <td><b>Db</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="डब्नियम">डब्नियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6p<sup>6</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>3</sup> ? </td></tr> <tr> <td>106</td> <td><b>Sg</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="सीबोर्गियम">सीबोर्ज़ियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6p<sup>6</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>4</sup> ? </td></tr> <tr> <td>107</td> <td><b>Bh</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="बोरियम">बोह्रियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6p<sup>6</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>5</sup> ? </td></tr> <tr> <td>108</td> <td><b>Hs</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="हैसियम">हैसियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6p<sup>6</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>6</sup> ? </td></tr> <tr> <td>109</td> <td><b>Mt</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="मेइट्नेरियम">मेइट्नेरियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6p<sup>6</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>7</sup> ? </td></tr> <tr> <td>110</td> <td><b>Ds</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="डार्मस्टाडियम">डार्म्स्टेडशियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6p<sup>6</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>8</sup> ? </td></tr> <tr> <td>111</td> <td><b>Rg</b></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="रोएंटज़ेनियम (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">रोएंटजेनियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6p<sup>6</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>9</sup> ? </td></tr> <tr> <td>112</td> <td><b>Cn</b></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="कोपरनीसियम (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">कॉपरनिसियम</a></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6p<sup>6</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>10</sup> ? </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISBN&oldid=1227476271">"ISBN"</a>, <i>Wikipedia</i> (अंग्रेज़ी में), 2024-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">, अभिगमन तिथि <span class="nowrap">2024-06-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=ISBN&rft.date=2024-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DISBN%26oldid%3D1227476271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5547232">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hill, John William; Petrucci, Ralph H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/generalchemistry00hill"><i>General chemistry : an integrated approach</i></a>. Internet Archive. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-13-033445-9" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-13-033445-9"><bdi>978-0-13-033445-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+chemistry+%3A+an+integrated+approach&rft.pub=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+N.J.+%3A+Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-13-033445-9&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=John+William&rft.au=Petrucci%2C+Ralph+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeneralchemistry00hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Chemistry&oldid=1225589605">"Royal Society of Chemistry"</a>, <i>Wikipedia</i> (अंग्रेज़ी में), 2024-05-25<span class="reference-accessdate">, अभिगमन तिथि <span class="nowrap">2024-06-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2024-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DRoyal_Society_of_Chemistry%26oldid%3D1225589605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IUPAC_Color_Books&oldid=1220930963">"IUPAC Color Books"</a>, <i>Wikipedia</i> (अंग्रेज़ी में), 2024-04-26<span class="reference-accessdate">, अभिगमन तिथि <span class="nowrap">2024-06-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=IUPAC+Color+Books&rft.date=2024-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DIUPAC_Color_Books%26oldid%3D1220930963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry&oldid=1228417939">"International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry"</a>, <i>Wikipedia</i> (अंग्रेज़ी में), 2024-06-11<span class="reference-accessdate">, अभिगमन तिथि <span class="nowrap">2024-06-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=International+Union+of+Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.date=2024-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DInternational_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry%26oldid%3D1228417939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Scerri, Eric R. (2020). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-091436-3"><i>The periodic table: its story and its significance</i></a> (Second edition संस्करण). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-19-091436-3" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-19-091436-3"><bdi>978-0-19-091436-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+periodic+table%3A+its+story+and+its+significance&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=Second+edition&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-19-091436-3&rft.aulast=Scerri&rft.aufirst=Eric+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpecial%3ABookSources%2F978-0-19-091436-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">सीएस1 रखरखाव: फालतू पाठ (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B81_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5:_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0" title="श्रेणी:सीएस1 रखरखाव: फालतू पाठ">link</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pergamon_Press&oldid=1209828552">"Pergamon Press"</a>, <i>Wikipedia</i> (अंग्रेज़ी में), 2024-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">, अभिगमन तिथि <span class="nowrap">2024-06-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=2024-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DPergamon_Press%26oldid%3D1209828552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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