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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese communications satellite</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">ChinaSat 9</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data">ZX-9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China_Satellite_Communications" title="China Satellite Communications">China Telecommunications Broadcast Satellite Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2008-028A">2008-028A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746585#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">33051</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">15 years (planned)<br />16 years, 5 months, 13 days<br /><small>(22 November 2024)</small></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">Bus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spacebus" title="Spacebus">Spacebus 4000C2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thales_Alenia_Space" title="Thales Alenia Space">Thales Alenia Space</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">4,500 kg (9,900 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-GSP-ZX9_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GSP-ZX9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">9 June 2008, 12:15:04 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">Long March 3B</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Xichang Satellite Launch Centre">Xichang</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xichang_Launch_Area_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xichang Launch Area 2 (page does not exist)">LA-2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China_Academy_of_Launch_Vehicle_Technology" title="China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology">China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology</a> (CALT)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geostationary_orbit" title="Geostationary orbit">Geostationary orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">92.2° East</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Transponders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Band</th><td class="infobox-data">22 <a href="/wiki/Ku_band" title="Ku band">Ku-band</a> <a href="/wiki/Transponder_(satellite_communications)" title="Transponder (satellite communications)">transponders</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ChinaSat 9</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中星9号</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōngxīng Jiǔhào</span></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as <b>ZX-9</b>, is a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">communications satellite</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Launch">Launch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChinaSat_9&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Launch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was launched from pad 2 at the <a href="/wiki/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Xichang Satellite Launch Centre">Xichang Satellite Launch Centre</a> on 9 June 2008, at 12:15:04 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>, by a <a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">Long March 3B</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NSF-launch_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSF-launch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is based on the <a href="/wiki/Spacebus" title="Spacebus">Spacebus 4000C2</a> <a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">satellite bus</a>, and was constructed in France by <a href="/wiki/Thales_Alenia_Space" title="Thales Alenia Space">Thales Alenia Space</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Mandelieu_Space_Center" title="Cannes Mandelieu Space Center">Cannes Mandelieu Space Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Xin-launch_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xin-launch-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of several <a href="/wiki/ChinaSat" class="mw-redirect" title="ChinaSat">ChinaSat</a> spacecraft in orbit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChinaSat_9&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was launched to act as a relay satellite for the <a href="/wiki/2008_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Olympic Games">2008 Olympic Games</a>, and will subsequently be used for general communications. 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Chinasat-9 satellite</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChinaSat_9&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GSP-ZX9-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GSP-ZX9_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zx-9.htm">"ZX 9 (Chinasat 9)"</a>. Gunter's Space Page<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZX+9+%28Chinasat+9%29&rft.pub=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fzx-9.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinaSat+9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinasatcom.com/n782704/c791204/content.html">"中星9号"</a>. <i>China Satellite Communications</i> (in Chinese). 2 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Satellite+Communications&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E6%98%9F9%E5%8F%B7&rft.date=2014-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinasatcom.com%2Fn782704%2Fc791204%2Fcontent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinaSat+9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSF-launch-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NSF-launch_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NSF-launch_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbosa2008" class="citation web cs1">Barbosa, Rui C. (9 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2008/06/cz-3b-chang-zheng-3b-launches-chinasat-9/">"CZ-3B Chang Zheng-3B launches ChinaSat-9"</a>. NASASpaceFlight.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CZ-3B+Chang+Zheng-3B+launches+ChinaSat-9&rft.pub=NASASpaceFlight.com&rft.date=2008-06-09&rft.aulast=Barbosa&rft.aufirst=Rui+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2008%2F06%2Fcz-3b-chang-zheng-3b-launches-chinasat-9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinaSat+9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xin-launch-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Xin-launch_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuxia2008" class="citation web cs1">Yuxia, Jiang (9 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080613031839/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/09/content_8334551.htm">"China launches French-built satellite"</a>. Xinhua. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/09/content_8334551.htm">the original</a> on 13 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_spacecraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">Chinese spacecraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earth observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Star_(satellite)" title="Double Star (satellite)">Double Star</a> (joint with ESA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengyun" title="Fengyun">Fengyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen" title="Gaofen">Gaofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanhui_Shi_Weixing" title="Fanhui Shi Weixing">FSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanjing_(satellite)" title="Huanjing (satellite)">Huanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HY_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="HY (satellite)">HY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin-1" title="Jilin-1">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMMS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SMMS (page does not exist)">SMMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TanSat" title="TanSat">TanSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Tansuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianhui_1B" title="Tianhui 1B">Tianhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyuan_(satellite)" title="Ziyuan (satellite)">Ziyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication and engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Fang_Hong" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong Fang Hong">Dong Fang Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FH-1_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FH-1 (spacecraft) (page does not exist)">FH-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APT_Satellite_Holdings" title="APT Satellite Holdings">Apstar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APMT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APMT (page does not exist)">APMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AsiaSat" title="AsiaSat">Asiasat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinasat" title="Chinasat">ChinaSat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChinaStar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChinaStar (page does not exist)">ChinaStar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HKSTG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HKSTG (page does not exist)">HKSTG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Large_Geostationary_Satellite_Platform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Large Geostationary Satellite Platform (page does not exist)">LGSP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OlympicSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OlympicSat (page does not exist)">OlympicSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianfan" title="Qianfan">Qianfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino_Satellite_Communications" title="Sino Satellite Communications">Sinosat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantong_(Satellite)" title="Tiantong (Satellite)">Tiantong 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsinghua-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsinghua-1 (page does not exist)">Tsinghua-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiwang_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiwang 1 (page does not exist)">Xiwang 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Data relay satellite system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu 1 and 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlian" title="Tianlian">Tianlian Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite navigation system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">BeiDou-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou" title="BeiDou">Beidou-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomical observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" class="extiw" title="fr:Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_Wave_High-energy_Electromagnetic_Counterpart_All-sky_Monitor" title="Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor">GECAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_X-ray_Modulation_Telescope" title="Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope">HXMT</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuafu_project" title="Kuafu project">Kuafu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang-2">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_Eye_Imager_for_Astronomy" title="Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy">Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Probe" title="Einstein Probe">Einstein Probe</a> (joint with ESA)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Solar_Telescope" title="Space Solar Telescope">SST</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Variable_Objects_Monitor" title="Space Variable Objects Monitor">SVOM</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SMILE_(spacecraft)" title="SMILE (spacecraft)">SMILE</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lunar exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chinese Lunar Exploration Program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planetary exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yinghuo-1" title="Yinghuo-1">Yinghuo-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)">Zhurong</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shensuo_(spacecraft)" title="Shensuo (spacecraft)">Shensuo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-2" title="Tianwen-2">Tianwen-2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-3" title="Tianwen-3">Tianwen-3</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-4" title="Tianwen-4">Tianwen-4</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microsatellites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fengniao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fengniao (page does not exist)">Fengniao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinyan_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinyan (spacecraft) (page does not exist)">Xinyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Future spacecraft in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2007Orbital_launches_in_20082009_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2008" title="Template:Orbital launches in 2008"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_2008" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 2008"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2008" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 2008"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_2007Orbital_launches_in_20082009_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/2007_in_spaceflight" title="2007 in spaceflight">← 2007</a></div><a href="/wiki/2008_in_spaceflight" title="2008 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2008</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/2009_in_spaceflight" title="2009 in spaceflight">2009 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thuraya#Satellites" title="Thuraya">Thuraya 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TecSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="TecSAR">TecSAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekspress_AM-33" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekspress AM-33">Ekspress AM-33</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-63" title="Progress M-63">Progress M-63</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-122" title="STS-122">STS-122</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Columbus_(ISS_module)" title="Columbus (ISS module)">Columbus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_5" title="Thor 5">Thor 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINDS" title="WINDS">Kizuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_ATV" title="Jules Verne ATV"><i>Jules Verne</i> ATV</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-123" title="STS-123">STS-123</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Kibo_(ISS_module)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibo (ISS module)">Kibō ELM-PS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dextre" title="Dextre">Dextre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spacelab" title="Spacelab">Spacelab MD002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-200" title="USA-200">USA-200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC-14" title="AMC-14">AMC-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-201" title="USA-201">USA-201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T11_(satellite)" title="T11 (satellite)">DirecTV-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAR-Lupe" title="SAR-Lupe">SAR-Lupe 4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-12" title="Soyuz TMA-12">Soyuz TMA-12</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendrell_Corporation#G1_satellite" title="Pendrell Corporation">ICO G1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/NOFS" title="C/NOFS">C/NOFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinasat-1" title="Vinasat-1">Vinasat-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_One_C2" title="Star One C2">Star One C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlian" title="Tianlian">Tianlian I-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIOVE" title="GIOVE">GIOVE-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartosat-2A" title="Cartosat-2A">Cartosat-2A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubin-8" title="Rubin-8">Rubin-8</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/AAUSat-2" title="AAUSat-2">AAUSat-2</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Advanced_Nanospace_eXperiment_Program" title="Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment Program">CanX-2</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Advanced_Nanospace_eXperiment_Program" title="Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment Program">CanX-6</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Compass-1" title="Compass-1">Compass-1</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/CUTE-1.7_%2B_APD_II" title="CUTE-1.7 + APD II">CUTE-1.7 + APD II</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Delfi-C3" title="Delfi-C3">Delfi-C3</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/SEEDS-2" title="SEEDS-2">SEEDS-2</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Amos-3">Amos-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-64" title="Progress M-64">Progress M-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_18" title="Galaxy 18">Galaxy 18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2437&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2437 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2437</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2438&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2438 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2438</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2439&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2439 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2439</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yubileiny" title="Yubileiny">Yubileiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengyun" title="Fengyun">Fengyun 3A</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-124" title="STS-124">STS-124</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Kibo_(ISS_module)#Pressurized_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibo (ISS module)">Kibō PM</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ChinaSat 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skynet_5C" title="Skynet 5C">Skynet 5C</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrksat_3A" title="Türksat 3A">Türksat 3A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbcomm_FM29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbcomm FM29 (page does not exist)">Orbcomm FM29</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbcomm_FM37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbcomm FM37 (page does not exist)">Orbcomm FM37</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbcomm_FM38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbcomm FM38 (page does not exist)">Orbcomm FM38</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbcomm_FM39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbcomm FM39 (page does not exist)">Orbcomm FM39</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbcomm_FM40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbcomm FM40 (page does not exist)">Orbcomm FM40</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbcomm_FM41&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbcomm FM41 (page does not exist)">Orbcomm FM41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSTM/Jason-2" title="OSTM/Jason-2">OSTM/Jason-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2440" title="Kosmos 2440">Kosmos 2440</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Satellite_Communications_Organization#Arabsat-4" title="Arab Satellite Communications Organization">Badr-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelsat_25" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelsat 25">ProtoStar 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_XI" title="EchoStar XI">EchoStar XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAR-Lupe" title="SAR-Lupe">SAR-Lupe 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2441" title="Kosmos 2441">Kosmos 2441</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Trailblazer_(satellite)" title="Trailblazer (satellite)">Trailblazer</a>, <a href="/wiki/NanoSail-D" title="NanoSail-D">NanoSail-D</a>, <a href="/wiki/PRESat" title="PRESat">PRESat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celestis" title="Celestis">Explorers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superbird-C2" title="Superbird-C2">Superbird-C2</a>, <a href="/wiki/AMC-21" title="AMC-21">AMC-21</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_2008_Safir_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August 2008 Safir launch failure (page does not exist)">Omid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inmarsat-4_F3" title="Inmarsat-4 F3">Inmarsat-4 F3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachys_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tachys (satellite) (page does not exist)">Tachys</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mati_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mati (satellite) (page does not exist)">Mati</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choma_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choma (satellite) (page does not exist)">Choma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choros_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choros (satellite) (page does not exist)">Choros</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trochia_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trochia (satellite) (page does not exist)">Trochia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huan_Jing_1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huan Jing 1A (page does not exist)">Huan Jing 1A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huan_Jing_1B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huan Jing 1B (page does not exist)">Huan Jing 1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoEye-1" title="GeoEye-1">GeoEye-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-65" title="Progress M-65">Progress M-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimiq-4" title="Nimiq-4">Nimiq-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_19" title="Galaxy 19">Galaxy 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2442" title="Kosmos 2442">Kosmos 2442</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2243&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2243 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2243</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2444" title="Kosmos 2444">Kosmos 2444</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_7" title="Shenzhou 7">Shenzhou 7</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Banxing" title="Banxing">Banxing-1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratsat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratsat">Ratsat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEOS_(satellite)" title="THEOS (satellite)">THEOS</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-13" title="Soyuz TMA-13">Soyuz TMA-13</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer" title="Interstellar Boundary Explorer">IBEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">MIP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian 6E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian 6F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COSMO-SkyMed" title="COSMO-SkyMed">COSMO-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venesat-1" title="Venesat-1">Venesat-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuang_Xin_1B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuang Xin 1B (page does not exist)">Chuang Xin 1B</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiyan_Weixing_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiyan Weixing 3 (page does not exist)">Shiyan Weixing 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_1M" title="Astra 1M">Astra 1M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2445" title="Kosmos 2445">Kosmos 2445</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-126" title="STS-126">STS-126</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Multi-Purpose_Logistics_Module" title="Multi-Purpose Logistics Module">Leonardo MPLM</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=PSSC-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSSC-1 (page does not exist)">PSSC-1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-01M" title="Progress M-01M">Progress M-01M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2446" title="Kosmos 2446">Kosmos 2446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Bird_13C" title="Hot Bird 13C">Hot Bird 9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_48D" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutelsat 48D">Eutelsat W2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengyun" title="Fengyun">Fengyun 2E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2447" title="Kosmos 2447">Kosmos 2447</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2448" title="Kosmos 2448">Kosmos 2448</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2449" title="Kosmos 2449">Kosmos 2449</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Twemoji2_1f6f0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Twemoji2_1f6f0.svg/30px-Twemoji2_1f6f0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Twemoji2_1f6f0.svg/45px-Twemoji2_1f6f0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Twemoji2_1f6f0.svg/60px-Twemoji2_1f6f0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about one or more <a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">communications satellites</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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