Ancient Greek Clothing - World History Encyclopedia

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printButtonClicked() { pageReady.then(()=>{ ga4Event('print_button','clicked',AHE.canonicalPath); window.print(); }); } </script> </p> </div> </nav> <div id="article"> <script> jsQueue(()=>{ async_load_js('https://assets.pinterest.com/js/pinit.js') }); </script> <div class="pinterest_button"> <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/" data-pin-do="buttonPin" data-pin-id="https://www.worldhistory.org/article/20/ancient-greek-clothing/" data-pin-media="https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/1164.jpg" data-pin-url="https://www.worldhistory.org/article/20/ancient-greek-clothing/" data-pin-description="Ancient Greek clothing developed from the Minoan Civilization of Crete (2000-1450 BCE) through the Mycenean Civilization (1700-1100 BCE), Archaic Period (8th century to c. 480 BCE) and is most recognizable from the Classical Period (c. 480-323 BCE). The simplified fashion of the later periods recommended..." data-pin-count="beside" > </a> </div> <h2>Article </h2> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="ci_info"> <div class="ci_author_image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="Joshua J. Mark" src="/uploads/profile_photos/150-JPryst.JPG" width="50" height="50"> </div> <div class="ci_author trans block"> by <a href="/user/JPryst/" rel="author" title="User Page: Joshua J. Mark">Joshua J. Mark</a> <br/> published on 13 July 2021 </div> </div> <div class="pre_article_section"> <div class="translations_header"> <div class="translations_title">Available in other languages: <a href="/trans/ar/2-20/" class="translation_link " rel="alternate">Arabic</a>, <a href="/trans/fr/2-20/vetements-de-grece-antique/" class="translation_link " rel="alternate">French</a>, <a href="/trans/pt/2-20/indumentaria-da-grecia-antiga/" class="translation_link " rel="alternate">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/trans/es/2-20/vestimenta-en-la-antigua-grecia/" class="translation_link " rel="alternate">Spanish</a></div> </div> <style> .audio-player-wrapper * { font-size: 14px !important; } .audio-player-wrapper .summary-wrapper { display: none; } .audio_player #play-btn-wrap svg { color: #222; margin-left: -18px; } #amplift-outer-wrapper { height: 60px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; background-image: url("/template/images/loading-audio-3.png"); background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; top: -4px; left: -9px; margin-bottom: 0px; } .audio-player-wrapper .audio_player { visibility: hidden; } </style> <div id="amplift-outer-wrapper"></div> <script> jsQueue(()=>{ window.setTimeout(()=>{ async_load_js("https://c.ampliftglobal.com/player/ampliftplayer.js",function() { AHE.ampliftPlayer = new AmpliftPlayer({target: '#amplift-outer-wrapper'}); AHE.ampliftPlayer.init(); window.setTimeout(()=>{ $('.audio-player-wrapper .audio_player').css('visibility','visible'); },1500); }); },1000); }); </script> <div class="pre_article_buttons no_print"> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=Ancient_Greece+Archaic_Period+Chiton+Classical_Greece+clothing+Greek_Culture+Himation+Minoan_Civilization+Mycenaean_Civilization+Mycenaean_Society+Peplos" class="topic_subscribe outline_button">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="/interestemails/?author=JPryst" class="outline_button" rel="nofollow">Subscribe to author</a> <span class="outline_button print_button" onclick="printButtonClicked();">Print Article</span> <script> function printButtonClicked() { pageReady.then(()=>{ ga4Event('print_button','clicked',AHE.canonicalPath); window.print(); }); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="text body"> <article> <p>Ancient <a href="/disambiguation/greek/">Greek</a> clothing developed from the <a href="/Minoan_Civilization/">Minoan Civilization</a> of <a href="/crete/">Crete</a> (2000-1450 BCE) through the Mycenean <a href="/civilization/">Civilization</a> (1700-1100 BCE), <a href="/Archaic_Period/">Archaic Period</a> (8th century to c. 480 BCE) and is most recognizable from the Classical Period (c. 480-323 BCE). The simplified fashion of the later periods recommended Greek garments to other cultures who adopted and used them widely.</p> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="1164"> <a href="/image/1164/greek-peplos-dress/" title="Greek Peplos Dress" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/1164.jpg.webp?v=1720977545 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/1164.jpg.webp?v=1720977545 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/1164.jpg?v=1720977545 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/1164.jpg?v=1720977545 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/1164.jpg?v=1720977545" alt="Greek Peplos Dress" class="in_text_image" width="334" height="500" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Greek Peplos Dress</div><div class="figauthor">Mark Cartwright (CC BY-NC-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1164/greek-peplos-dress/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1164/greek-peplos-dress/","caption":"A Roman period statue of possibly Kore-Persephone, the daughter of Demeter. The head in fact is restored after a head of Apollo. She is sculpted in the style of 5th century BCE Greek statues and is wearing a peplum, a common type of Greek dress. Provenance: Hadrian's Villa. (Vatican Museums, Rome).","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/1164.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Mark Cartwright - CC BY-NC-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/markzcartwright/#person","name":"Mark Cartwright","url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/markzcartwright/","sameAs":["https://twitter.com/MCartwrightWHE"],"image":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/profile_photos/150-markzcartwright.JPG","description":"Mark is a full-time writer, researcher, historian, and editor. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director.","jobTitle":"Publishing Director","worksFor":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization"},"creditText":"Mark Cartwright / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2024-11-22T21:08:18+0000","datePublished":"2013-04-30T20:08:59+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Greek Peplos Dress","height":"3888","isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1164/greek-peplos-dress/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":true,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1164/greek-peplos-dress/","width":"2592"} </script> </p> <p>Generally speaking, most of what is known of ancient Greek clothing reflects only the upper-class as they were most often depicted in artworks, and these preserve the kinds of clothing worn. In the <a href="/disambiguation/Minoan/">Minoan</a> Period, upper-class men of the court seem to have dressed primarily in loincloths, a cloak, sandals, and sometimes a headpiece while <a href="/disambiguation/women/">women</a> were more completely covered save for the breasts which were exposed. The Mycenean fashion sense was influenced by the Minoan, but during the <a href="/disambiguation/Archaic/">Archaic</a> Period, clothing was simplified and remained so through the Classical Period.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-1"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_1' class="adcontainer innerwrapper worldhistory_content_mobile_dynamic"> </div> </div> <p>The types of garments were essentially the same from the Archaic through the Classical periods:</p> <ul> <li>Strophion – a cloth band which served women as a bra</li> <li>Perizoma – a loincloth worn by men and women as underwear</li> <li>Chiton – a tunic of two different styles, Doric and Ionic, worn by both sexes</li> <li>Chlamys – an outer garment used as a short cape or cloak, worn primarily by men</li> <li>Peplos - a garment worn mainly by women over a chiton or instead of one</li> <li>Epiblema – a shawl worn over a chiton or peplos by both men and women</li> <li>Himation – a larger outer garment worn as a long cape or cloak by both sexes</li> </ul> <div class="big_quote">The ease of manipulating the cloth into a garment meant one could use a single piece of fabric multiple times to create different outfits.</div> <p>These were all uncut, unsewn, pieces of cloth – linen or wool – which were arranged on a person in different ways to produce different effects. The primary garments were simply cloth squares, cylinders, or rectangles, which were wrapped or draped on a person and then fastened with pins, buttons, or brooches to hold them in place. The ease of manipulating the cloth into a garment, which could then be arranged in different styles, meant one could use a single piece of fabric multiple times to create different outfits.</p><div id="primis_intext"> <div id="3e3744ed-0893-4ec9-8757-582bfa65ad5c"></div> <div id="6b0cd791-ab2c-4669-b35a-8252ddaa7467"></div> <a href="https://link.worldhistory.org/youtube_intext" target="_blank" class="youtube_notice"> <svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>YouTube</title><path d="M23.498 6.186a3.016 3.016 0 0 0-2.122-2.136C19.505 3.545 12 3.545 12 3.545s-7.505 0-9.377.505A3.017 3.017 0 0 0 .502 6.186C0 8.07 0 12 0 12s0 3.93.502 5.814a3.016 3.016 0 0 0 2.122 2.136c1.871.505 9.376.505 9.376.505s7.505 0 9.377-.505a3.015 3.015 0 0 0 2.122-2.136C24 15.93 24 12 24 12s0-3.93-.502-5.814zM9.545 15.568V8.432L15.818 12l-6.273 3.568z"></path></svg> Follow us on YouTube!</a> </div> <script> </script> <p>Adding to or taking away from the basic chiton through additional clothing, different jewelry, and other accessories, created easy-to-wear, comfortable clothing which was noticed and appreciated by neighboring cultures. This paradigm of dress continued through the <a href="/Hellenic_World/">Hellenistic</a> and <a href="/disambiguation/Roman/">Roman</a> periods and influenced both men’s and women’s fashions in the Middle Ages and up through the present day.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-2"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_2' class="adcontainer innerwrapper worldhistory_content_mobile_dynamic"> </div> </div> <h3>Minoan & <a href="/Mycenaean_Civilization/">Mycenaean</a> Fashion</h3> <p>Everything known of ancient Greek clothing comes from depictions in artwork and <a href="/Greek_Literature/">Greek literature</a> of the time, and this begins with the Minoan Civilization which scholars have divided into the time periods of Early Minoan (EM), Middle Minoan (MM), and Late Minoan (LM), which are further divided into subperiods of each. Some of the earliest statuary and artwork comes from the Middle Minoan period of MM I (c. 2100-1900 BCE) through MM III (ending c. 1600 BCE) depicting human figures clothed in the dress of the time.</p> <p>Minoan men are seen in loincloths, cloaks, and sandals but seem to have gone mostly barefoot, especially indoors. Men are also depicted wearing armbands, wristbands, and jewelry. They wore their hair long and loose but held in place by a headpiece, sometimes a feathered headdress or hat, and their clothing was brightly colored red, yellow, black, and purple. Purple dye was produced on Crete through harvesting of the murex shell, and dyed garments of any color were quite expensive, but none more so than purple cloth.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-3"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_3' class="adcontainer innerwrapper worldhistory_content_dynamic"> </div> </div> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="10680"> <a href="/image/10680/minoan-procession-fresco-from-knossos/" title="Minoan 'Procession Fresco' from Knossos" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/10680.jpg.webp?v=1729777325 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/10680.jpg.webp?v=1729777325 1000w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/750x750/10680.jpg.webp?v=1729777325 750w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/10680.jpg.webp?v=1729777325 1500w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/10680.jpg?v=1729777325 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/10680.jpg?v=1729777325 1000w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/750x750/10680.jpg?v=1729777325 750w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/10680.jpg?v=1729777325 1500w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/750x750/10680.jpg?v=1729777325" alt="Minoan 'Procession Fresco' from Knossos" class="in_text_image" width="750" height="423" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Minoan 'Procession Fresco' from Knossos</div><div class="figauthor">Carole Raddato (CC BY-NC-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/10680/minoan-procession-fresco-from-knossos/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/10680/minoan-procession-fresco-from-knossos/","caption":"Part of the reconstructed 'Procession Fresco' from Knossos showing five men walking to the right and carrying ceremonial vessels. They are dressed in kilts while their arms and legs are decorated with jewellery. Neopalacial period, 1600 - 1450 BCE. Heraklion Archaeological Museum.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/10680.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Carole Raddato - CC BY-NC-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/FollowingHadrian/#person","name":"Carole Raddato","url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/FollowingHadrian/","sameAs":["https://twitter.com/carolemadge"],"image":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/profile_photos/150-FollowingHadrian.jpg","description":"Carole maintains the popular ancient history photo-blog Following Hadrian, where she travels the ancient world in the footsteps of Emperor Hadrian."},"creditText":"Carole Raddato / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2024-11-22T21:08:18+0000","datePublished":"2019-05-18T16:41:38+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Minoan 'Procession Fresco' from Knossos","height":2306,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/10680/minoan-procession-fresco-from-knossos/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/10680/minoan-procession-fresco-from-knossos/","width":4096} </script> </p> <p>Artifacts and depictions from MM I show men in loincloths, male athletes either dressed the same or naked, and women in bell-shaped skirts, tight bodices which lifted and exposed the breasts, jewelry, and headpieces. The same kinds of pieces from MM III show the same basic style and pattern, but with greater detail. One famous example of this is the figure known as the <em>Snake Goddess or Attendant</em>, dated to MM III, and thought to depict a deity or a member of her clergy in naturalistic form, meaning, in this case, wearing the kind of clothing an upper-class woman of the time would have worn. Art historian and scholar John Griffiths Pedley comments:</p> <blockquote> <p>[The <em>Snake Goddess or Attendant</em> figurine] is 13 ½ inches (34.5 cm) tall and is one of the largest surviving examples of Minoan <a href="/disambiguation/Sculpture/">sculpture</a> in the round. She wears a bell-shaped, flounced skirt, a tight belt, and a short apron; her breasts are bare. Snakes curl down and along her arms and around her waist and shoulder while another circles her lofty hat. The other figures [found with her] display similar posture, proportions, and clothing, brightly colored with shades of red, blue, and green. (49)</p> </blockquote> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="10600"> <a href="/image/10600/minoan-snake-goddess-figurine/" title="Minoan Snake Goddess Figurine" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/10600.jpg.webp?v=1720178531 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/10600.jpg.webp?v=1720178531 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/10600.jpg?v=1720178531 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/10600.jpg?v=1720178531 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/10600.jpg?v=1720178531" alt="Minoan Snake Goddess Figurine" class="in_text_image" width="327" height="500" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Minoan Snake Goddess Figurine</div><div class="figauthor">Carole Raddato (CC BY-NC-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/10600/minoan-snake-goddess-figurine/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/10600/minoan-snake-goddess-figurine/","caption":"The Snake Goddess is a faience figurine depicting a woman holding a snake in each hand. It was found in the main sanctuary of the Palace of Knossos in Crete and dates back to around 1650-1550 BCE. Heraklion Archaeological Museum.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/10600.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Carole Raddato - CC BY-NC-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/FollowingHadrian/#person","name":"Carole Raddato","url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/FollowingHadrian/","sameAs":["https://twitter.com/carolemadge"],"image":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/profile_photos/150-FollowingHadrian.jpg","description":"Carole maintains the popular ancient history photo-blog Following Hadrian, where she travels the ancient world in the footsteps of Emperor Hadrian."},"creditText":"Carole Raddato / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2024-11-22T21:08:18+0000","datePublished":"2019-05-09T20:01:53+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Minoan Snake Goddess Figurine","height":4096,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/10600/minoan-snake-goddess-figurine/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/10600/minoan-snake-goddess-figurine/","width":2675} </script> </p> <p>The <a href="/Mycenaean_Civilization/">Mycenaean Civilization</a>, the latest of the so-called Helladic Period of mainland <a href="/greece/">Greece</a>, is also divided by scholars into different periods and works from the Early Helladic Period (c. 3200 - c. 2000 BCE) through the Late Helladic (c. 1550 - c. 1050 BCE) show similar styles as the Minoan. A terracotta female figure from Keos dated to the Late Helladic II Period (c. 1450 - c. 1400 BCE) shows a woman in the same bell-shaped skirt, bare breasts, and a similar bodice. It is possible this is a copy of the Snake Goddess figurine but could also be an original work of its time.</p> <p>Men’s clothing shows some difference from the Minoan Period, however, as seen in a statue depicting a young man in the same sort of loincloth as the Minoans but wearing a different kind of headpiece and a high kilt. A <a href="/wall/">wall</a> painting from the <a href="/disambiguation/palace/">palace</a> at <a href="/Pylos/">Pylos</a> dated to Late Helladic III (LH IIIB, c. 1300 - c. 1200 BCE) shows warriors in <a href="/disambiguation/battle/">battle</a> wearing the chiton tunic fighting others in kilts, helmets, and knee-high boots. The Warrior Vase, currently in the National Museum at <a href="/Athens/">Athens</a> and dated to the same period as the painting, depicts Mycenean warriors in the same helmets, kilts, and boots but with body armor and is considered a realistic depiction of the soldiers of the time.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-4"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_4' class="adcontainer innerwrapper worldhistory_content_dynamic"> </div> </div> <h3>Archaic Simplification & Classical Style</h3> <p>The Minoan and Mycenaean cultures both give evidence of brightly colored and intricately tailored clothing, especially for women, but this kind of fashion and the technology that produced it did not survive the <a href="/Bronze_Age_Collapse/">Bronze Age Collapse</a> which brought down the Mycenaean Civilization. Pedley notes:</p> <blockquote> <p>With the destruction of the Mycenaean palaces went the social system of which they were the centers. Kings, subordinates, scribes, and the knowledge of <a href="/writing/">writing</a> all disappeared. With them was also lost the knowledge of masonry and construction using cut blocks, of wall painting, the working of ivory, precious metals…all the sophisticated achievements of the Greek <a href="/disambiguation/Bronze_Age/">Bronze Age</a> vanished. (105-106)</p> </blockquote> <p>After the so-called Greek Dark Ages (c. 1100-700 BCE), the civilization began to revive in the Archaic Period, but the fashion had changed significantly. Clothing was now a single piece of cloth draped around a person and then folded and held in place according to personal taste. Comparing statuary and paintings of Minoan and Mycenean women with their belled skirts and bodices with later images of Greek women wearing the peplos, the simplification of style is apparent, and it is thought that the knowledge of how the earlier clothing was made was lost.</p> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="13701"> <a href="/image/13701/greek-vase-depicting-wedding-preparations/" title="Greek Vase Depicting Wedding Preparations" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/13701.jpg.webp?v=1729064466 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/13701.jpg.webp?v=1729064466 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/13701.jpg?v=1729064466 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/13701.jpg?v=1729064466 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/13701.jpg?v=1729064466" alt="Greek Vase Depicting Wedding Preparations" class="in_text_image" width="500" height="391" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Greek Vase Depicting Wedding Preparations</div><div class="figauthor">British Museum (CC BY-NC-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/13701/greek-vase-depicting-wedding-preparations/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/13701/greek-vase-depicting-wedding-preparations/","caption":"A painted Greek vase depicting marriage preparations. A female figure is seated, with her right hand outstretched to accept a box from the woman standing before her. Behind the seated figure stands a woman with a beaded necklace. The jewellery, flowers, mirrors and decorations on the vase are inlaid with gold. Attributed to the Eretria Painter, c. 440BCE-415BCE. Attica, Greece. (Courtesy of the British Museum)","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/13701.jpg","copyrightNotice":"British Museum - CC BY-NC-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Organization","name":"British Museum"},"creditText":"British Museum / British Museum","dateModified":"2024-11-22T21:08:18+0000","datePublished":"2021-03-22T05:36:56+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Greek Vase Depicting Wedding Preparations","height":1951,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/431318001"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/13701/greek-vase-depicting-wedding-preparations/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/13701/greek-vase-depicting-wedding-preparations/","width":2500} </script> </p> <p>In the Archaic and Classical periods, the manufacture of clothing was considered women’s work in ancient Greece, especially the spinning of wool, although male merchants predominantly sold the finished product. Prostitutes frequently spun wool in their downtime, however, and women generally sold it for extra money. Garments were frequently made at home in the women’s quarters though there were professional weavers and dyers. Wealthy Greeks could afford colorful clothing, which was quite expensive, while the lower class usually wore only white chitons or loincloths.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-5"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_5' class="adcontainer innerwrapper worldhistory_content_dynamic"> </div> </div> <h3>Garments, Brooches, & Footwear</h3> <p>Garments were made of linen or wool. Linen was more expensive and only available to the upper class while spinning wool was widely practiced by <a href="/article/927/women-in-ancient-greece/">women in ancient Greece</a> and was used to make clothes for all classes and every age group. Dyed clothing also was only available to the wealthy as were garments decorated with prints and weights at the bottom to make them drape across the body and hold securely.</p> <div class="big_quote">The clothes of the upper-class were brightly colored, even if only along the borders.</div> <p>The clothes of the upper-class were brightly colored, even if only along the borders. The modern-day claim that the color blue was unknown in the <a href="/disambiguation/mediterranean/">Mediterranean</a> only applies after the <a href="/disambiguation/bronze/">Bronze</a> Age Collapse. <a href="/disambiguation/Egyptian/">Egyptian</a> and <a href="/Minoan_Art/">Minoan art</a> both show blue in use over an extended period but knowledge of how to make blue pigment is not evident in the Archaic Period. No blue garments are suggested by Greek art or <a href="/literature/">literature</a> though purple was still popular, and many other colors were regularly used.</p> <p>There were four basic garments in an ancient upper-class Greek wardrobe besides the <em>perizoma</em> (loincloth/underwear) and <em>strophion</em> (bra). There is no evidence of the Minoan bodice, and the <em>perizoma</em> appears less graceful than the Minoan loincloth. These four were:</p><div class="intext_6"></div> <p><strong>The Chiton</strong>: This was a simple, white tunic which could be an undergarment or one’s daily public outfit. It was a cloth cylinder one stepped into which was held at the shoulders by brooches or pins and bloused at the waist by pulling it over a <em>zone</em> (pronounced zoh-nay), a belt of leather or cloth. The chiton is defined by two styles, Doric and Ionic. Scholar <a href="/Iris/">Iris</a> Brooke explains the difference:</p> <blockquote> <p>[The Doric and Ionic designations] divides them according to two of the main orders in <a href="/disambiguation/architecture/">architecture</a>, which were developed by the two leading racial groups, Dorian Greeks and Ionian Greeks. The Doric was severely simple; the Ionic a trifle more complicated, as indeed the Ionic is in every sense. The Doric chiton [was] a straight, unsewn piece of material, wrapped around the body and pinned on the shoulders. The material could be of almost any width, from a yard up to about three yards, but was probably not wider than three yards. The Ionic chiton is much fuller than the Doric and is sewn up like a vast un-shaped skirt. To put it on, one of the open edges should be pinned at regular intervals leaving a slightly larger interval for the head to go through. The hands are then put through between the last pin at each end and the fold in the fabric. This will form a sort of long sleeve with the pins decorating the arm and permitting the material to fall open between them, showing the bare arm. It can be girdled as desired [and] the girdle itself will help pleat the skirt. (Nardo, 42-43)</p> </blockquote> <p>Men, women, and children wore the chiton, but women and girls seem to have been far more particular about how the garment looked on them. Male chitons usually went only to the knees and were belted. This was the typical outfit of craftspeople, prostitutes (male and female), warriors, athletes, and slaves who were not engaged in manual labor (who only wore loincloths). Slave chitons seem to have been the Doric design.</p> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="413"> <a href="/image/413/bronze-charioteer-of-delphi/" title="Bronze Charioteer of Delphi" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/413.jpg.webp?v=1729064469 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/413.jpg.webp?v=1729064469 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/413.jpg?v=1729064469 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/413.jpg?v=1729064469 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/413.jpg?v=1729064469" alt="Bronze Charioteer of Delphi" class="in_text_image" width="334" height="500" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Bronze Charioteer of Delphi</div><div class="figauthor">Mark Cartwright (CC BY-NC-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/413/bronze-charioteer-of-delphi/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/413/bronze-charioteer-of-delphi/","caption":"Bronze victory charioteer in the severe style (480-460 BCE), part of a larger composition of a four horse chariot. Delphi Archaeological Museum, Greece.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/413.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Mark Cartwright - CC BY-NC-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/markzcartwright/#person","name":"Mark Cartwright","url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/markzcartwright/","sameAs":["https://twitter.com/MCartwrightWHE"],"image":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/profile_photos/150-markzcartwright.JPG","description":"Mark is a full-time writer, researcher, historian, and editor. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director.","jobTitle":"Publishing Director","worksFor":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization"},"creditText":"Mark Cartwright / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2024-11-22T21:08:18+0000","datePublished":"2012-04-26T07:45:12+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Bronze Charioteer of Delphi","height":"3888","isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/413/bronze-charioteer-of-delphi/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/413/bronze-charioteer-of-delphi/","width":"2592"} </script> </p> <p><strong>The Chlamys</strong>: Some men (more than women) wore a chlamys over the chiton. This was a short cloak one wore either as a kind of cape, fastened at the neck and falling over both shoulders down the back or over one shoulder and fastened on the other. The chlamys was mainly worn by soldiers, messengers, and upper-class servants.</p><div id="mobilenewsletter" class="grey_box mobilenewsletter"> <div class="headline">Love History?</div> <p>Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter!</p> <form action="//ancient.us8.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=c3168e59d8bfba7986977db46&id=ac74a77c22" method="post" id="mailchimp-mobile-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate"> <input type="email" placeholder="Email address..." name="EMAIL" class="required email" id="mce-EMAIL-mobile" style="width:60%;" required> <input type="submit" value="Sign Up" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-mobile" style="margin-top: 10px;">  <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;"><input type="text" name="b_c3168e59d8bfba7986977db46_ac74a77c22" tabindex="-1" value=""></div> </form> </div> <p><strong>The Peplos</strong>: This was a large square piece of cloth which could be worn by a woman or a man, instead of a chiton or over it, and was more often worn by women. Typically, an upper-class woman would wear a chiton undergarment with an ornamented peplos over it which fell to the feet and sometimes trailed behind. Depictions of aristocratic Greek women in film often show them wearing what appears to be a multi-layered robe, decorated at the border with color, which would be a peplos over a chiton. One’s status was made clear to all by the amount of clothing one wore because garments, especially dyed or ornamented, were expensive. Statuary of the Classical Period frequently depicts goddesses and noble ladies wearing the peplos and chiton or just the peplos. The <a href="/Caryatid/">caryatid</a> columns on the porch of the <a href="/Erechtheion/">Erechtheion</a> on the Athenian <a href="/Acropolis/">Acropolis</a> are of women wearing the bloused peplos.</p> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="5063"> <a href="/image/5063/caryatid-from-the-erechtheum/" title="Caryatid from the Erechtheum" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/5063.jpg.webp?v=1715874853 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/5063.jpg.webp?v=1715874853 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/5063.jpg?v=1715874853 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/5063.jpg?v=1715874853 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/5063.jpg?v=1715874853" alt="Caryatid from the Erechtheum" class="in_text_image" width="334" height="500" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Caryatid from the Erechtheum</div><div class="figauthor">Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin (Copyright)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5063/caryatid-from-the-erechtheum/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5063/caryatid-from-the-erechtheum/","caption":"This pentelic marble caryatid came from the Erechtheion, Athens, Greece. She was 1 of 6 caryatids that held up the roof of the Erechtheion. Circa 415 BCE. (The British Museum, London).","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/5063.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin - Copyright - You cannot use, copy, distribute, or modify this item without explicit permission from the author.","creator":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/OsamaSMAmin/#person","name":"Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin","url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/OsamaSMAmin/","image":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/profile_photos/150-OsamaSMAmin.jpg","description":"Associate Professor of Neurology and lover of the Cradle of Civilization, Mesopotamia. I'm very interested in Mesopotamian history and always try to take photos of archaeological sites and artifacts in museums, both in Iraq and around the world.","worksFor":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization"},"creditText":"Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2024-11-22T21:08:18+0000","datePublished":"2016-05-12T20:09:26+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Caryatid from the Erechtheum","height":4000,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5063/caryatid-from-the-erechtheum/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5063/caryatid-from-the-erechtheum/","width":2670} </script> </p> <p><strong>The Epiblema</strong>: Some women would ornament their outfit with a shawl, sometimes a simple affair to provide warmth or a decorated piece of finery. A finely woven shawl, especially if it were dyed or patterned, was a not-so-subtle way to show off one’s wealth and men would also accessorize an outfit in this way.</p> <p><strong>The Himation</strong>: Worn over a chiton, peplos, or both by men and women, the himation was a great cloak of five yards long and about one yard wide which was usually dyed and ornamented. Brooke describes the garment:</p><div class="intext_7"></div> <blockquote> <p>The ends were decorated and quite often had a fringe or tassels, or some small weight of beads attached at the corners so that in movement the weight swung away from the body and emphasized the pattern of the border design. It was worn, as all the garments were, by both men and women. There was no distinctive garment peculiar to either sex, though a version of the himation with the lower edge woven in points and the upper edge pleated on to a band worn under one arm and fastened on the opposite shoulder seems to appear far more frequently on women than it does on men. This highly decorative pleated himation is nearly always represented as one of <a href="/athena/">Athena</a>’s garments, also those of queens and other noble women. Its shape lends itself readily to sculpture and the borders of the decoration make a fine pattern on the figured vases. (Nardo, 45)</p> </blockquote> <p>The himation is the cloak one sees Greek generals, kings, queens, and nobles wearing in films and video games. It became well known in the modern age after the release of the film <em>300</em> in 2006 as King <a href="/Leonidas_I/">Leonidas I</a> is shown wearing the red himation. As with the chlamys, the himation could be worn as a cape, a robe, or a blanket and was especially valued in the cold Greek winters as it was made of thick wool which held one’s body heat.</p> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="3773"> <a href="/image/3773/greek-himation-robe/" title="Greek Himation Robe" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/3773.jpg.webp?v=1715874855 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/3773.jpg.webp?v=1715874855 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/3773.jpg?v=1715874855 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/3773.jpg?v=1715874855 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/3773.jpg?v=1715874855" alt="Greek Himation Robe" class="in_text_image" width="334" height="500" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Greek Himation Robe</div><div class="figauthor">Mark Cartwright (CC BY-NC-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3773/greek-himation-robe/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3773/greek-himation-robe/","caption":"A Greek youth named Kleonikos wearing a himation robe. From the Gymnasium at Eretrea, Euboea, 1st century BCE. (National Archaeological Museum, Athens)","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/3773.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Mark Cartwright - CC BY-NC-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/markzcartwright/#person","name":"Mark Cartwright","url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/markzcartwright/","sameAs":["https://twitter.com/MCartwrightWHE"],"image":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/profile_photos/150-markzcartwright.JPG","description":"Mark is a full-time writer, researcher, historian, and editor. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director.","jobTitle":"Publishing Director","worksFor":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization"},"creditText":"Mark Cartwright / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2024-11-22T21:08:18+0000","datePublished":"2015-04-07T15:17:27+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Greek Himation Robe","height":3888,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3773/greek-himation-robe/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3773/greek-himation-robe/","width":2592} </script> </p> <p>All of these garments were secured on a person through various fasteners, either pins, buttons, or brooches. The brooches could be quite ornate and, in the Roman Period, were known as fibulae which became a kind of artwork in their own right. The girdle also helped secure a chiton or peplos at the waist as did the belt known as the zone. Accessories included a wide-brimmed hat (the <em>petasos</em>) for men and a peaked hat, sometimes with a flat brim, for women.</p> <p>Men and women wore sandals, slippers, shoes, and boots. Philosophers were famous for wearing a simple chiton, unornamented himation, and the most basic leather shoes. The stereotypical image of the Greek philosopher, not idealized as in the case of <a href="/socrates/">Socrates</a> or <a href="/plato/">Plato</a> but the average teacher of <a href="/philosophy/">philosophy</a>, is depicted with the poorest of shoes, the obligatory staff, and an old cloak. Soldiers wore boots or sandals with shin protectors known as greaves. Most Greeks went barefoot, especially at home, and athletes, especially, were known to reject footwear. Athletes also had no use for most of the above garments both in their training and in competition as it was thought one performed better naked.</p> <h3>Conclusion</h3> <p>The clothing of the Greeks influenced the fashion sense of the Romans who adopted many of these same garments for themselves. Scholar Don Nardo comments:</p> <blockquote> <p>Most of the clothes worn in ancient Greece (as well as in numerous other Mediterranean lands, which copied Greek dress to one degree or another between about 600 B.C. and A.D. 200) fell into a few simple, basic forms. Each could be worn in a number of different variations and styles, depending on the situation and/or the wearer’s personal tastes. (42)</p> </blockquote> <p>Unlike the Minoan and Mycenaean fashion, which seem, for women anyway, to have been far more complex, the simplicity of Archaic and Classical Greek garments recommended them to other cultures in the region and were adopted by still others later on. Pleating techniques of the ancient Greek himation, whereby the cloth was gathered, folded, and pressed to create straight lines down the back to accentuate height, were later used in <a href="/europe/">Europe</a> during the Renaissance for the capes and cloaks of the nobility.</p> <div class="youtube-embed-wrapper"><div class="youtube-embed-container"><iframe data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Bs3pYiSD04g?autoplay=0&cc_lang_pref=en" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen title="THE ULTIMATE FASHION HISTORY: Ancient Greece"></iframe></div></div> <p>Ancient Greek clothing and style even influence fashion in the present day. Women’s evening gowns frequently follow Greek patterns, and the hourglass figure which has come to be associated with feminine beauty was first recognized and accentuated by the Greeks through women’s clothing. Male fashion emphasizing height, strength, and power was also first standardized by the ancient Greeks who believed males were superior to females and should look the part. However that may be, the ease of use and unisex aspect of Greek clothing made it instantly appealing to neighboring civilizations. Greek garments were easily adaptable to various climates and cultures and the basic forms of these clothes still function as models in fashion over 2,000 years after they were first created.</p> </article> <div id="ci_rating_wrapper"> <div class="rating_label filter_label">Did you like this article?</div> <div id="ci_rating_buttons_wrapper"> <div class="rating_button up base" data-rating="1"></div> <div class="rating_button down base" data-rating="-1"></div> </div> </div> <div id="sections_below_links"> <p> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=Ancient_Greece+Archaic_Period+Chiton+Classical_Greece+clothing+Greek_Culture+Himation+Minoan_Civilization+Mycenaean_Civilization+Mycenaean_Society+Peplos" class="topic_subscribe outline_button below_article">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="#references" class="outline_button">Bibliography</a> <a href="#ci_related_content_outer_wrapper" class="outline_button">Related Content</a> <a href="#books_preview" class="outline_button">Books</a> <a href="#citation_info" class="outline_button">Cite This Work</a> <a href="#ci_author_and_copyright" class="outline_button">License</a> </p> </div> <div class="editorial_review_notice"> <span class="editorial_review_header">Editorial Review</span> This article has been reviewed by our editorial team before publication to ensure accuracy, reliability and adherence to academic standards in accordance with our <a href="/static/editorial-policy/">editorial policy</a>. </div> </div> <div class="ad_Flexi_BottomLeft ahe-ad"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id="div-adcontainer-AHE_Flexi_BottomLeft" class="adcontainer worldhistory_below_content"> </div> </div> <div id="references"> <h2>Bibliography</h2> <ul id="reference_list" class="ref_list bibliography"> <li id="bibID__7bf5911d88d5da89ad7098b79f74f697"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0385495544/" rel="sponsored">Cahill, T. <i>Sailing the Wine-Dark Sea.</i> Anchor Books, 2004.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__e267b91887de0827468fbf47a41d2725"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0684192454/" rel="sponsored">Grant, M. <i>Readings in the Classical Historians.</i> Scribners Publishing, 1993.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__6b359e03df2cec3bc2b25bb30d8f1f04"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/1421421135/" rel="sponsored">Lefkowitz, M. 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R. <i>Ancient Greece: From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times.</i> Yale University Press, 2013.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__57799a3ba717f9ca64e5f9f334974baa"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/B0006AVTT0/" rel="sponsored">Mireaux, E. <i>Daily Life in the Time of Homer.</i> Allen & Unwin, 2010.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__0ba8228132c1d147ee7df372d0b4619d"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/1601528043/" rel="sponsored">Nardo, D. <i>Living in Ancient Greece .</i> Thompson/Gale Publishers, 2015.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__afa988d6ca70c6aab04366bc37df82de"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0205001335/" rel="sponsored">Pedley, J. 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Fashion</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> Dress and appearance in Bronze Age Greece (c. 3100 BCE - c. 1100... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/Mycenaean_Civilization/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-11147"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/1235.jpg.webp?v=1730899926 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/1235.jpg.webp?v=1730899926 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/1235.jpg?v=1730899926 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/1235.jpg?v=1730899926 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/1235.jpg?v=1730899926" width="360" height="202" alt="Mycenaean Civilization" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Mycenaean Civilization</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> The Mycenaean civilization flourished in the Late Bronze Age (c... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/Mycenaean_Art/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-16297"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/3374.jpg.webp?v=1709644503 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/3374.jpg.webp?v=1709644503 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/3374.jpg?v=1709644503 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/3374.jpg?v=1709644503 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/3374.jpg?v=1709644503" width="360" height="202" alt="Mycenaean Art" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Mycenaean Art</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> The Mycenaean civilization flourished in the late Bronze Age from... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/Minoan_Art/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-10781"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/7223.jpg.webp?v=1639424704 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/7223.jpg.webp?v=1639424704 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/7223.jpg?v=1639424704 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/7223.jpg?v=1639424704 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/7223.jpg?v=1639424704" width="360" height="202" alt="Minoan Art" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Minoan Art</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> The art of the Minoan civilization of Bronze Age Crete (2000-1500... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/Minoan_Civilization/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-80"> <picture> <source 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Ancient Greek Clothing - World History Encyclopedia