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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Development and design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_and_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(A-90)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(A-90)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Specifications (A-90)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(A-90)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-90_Orljonok" title="A-90 Orljonok – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="A-90 Orljonok" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-90_Orlyonok" title="A-90 Orlyonok – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="A-90 Orlyonok" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-90_Orlyonok" title="A-90 Orlyonok – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="A-90 Orlyonok" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%B2%DB%B3" title="ارلیونک اس۲۳ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارلیونک اس۲۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-90_Orlyonok" title="A-90 Orlyonok – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="A-90 Orlyonok" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-90_%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%BC%EB%A3%8C%EB%85%B8%ED%81%AC" title="A-90 오를료노크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="A-90 오를료노크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li 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class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive 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.ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">A-90 "Orlyonok"</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A-90_Orlyonok_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/A-90_Orlyonok_4.JPG/300px-A-90_Orlyonok_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/A-90_Orlyonok_4.JPG/450px-A-90_Orlyonok_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/A-90_Orlyonok_4.JPG/600px-A-90_Orlyonok_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">A-90 "Orlyonok" in Moscow</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Ekranoplan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Central Hydrofoil Design Bureau</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> Rostislav Evgenievich Alexeyev</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary user</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">4 (of which one was a static test airframe)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1979</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">1972</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">1993</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>A-90 <i>Orlyonok</i></b> (Russian: Орлёнок, English: "Eaglet") is a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Ground_effect_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground effect vehicle"><i>ekranoplan</i></a> that was designed by <a href="/wiki/Rostislav_Alexeyev" title="Rostislav Alexeyev">Rostislav Evgenievich Alexeyev</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Hydrofoil_Design_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Hydrofoil Design Bureau">Central Hydrofoil Design Bureau</a>. </p><p>The A-90 uses <a href="/wiki/Ground_effect_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground effect (aircraft)">ground effect</a> to fly a few meters above the surface. The Russians classify it as Ekranoplan Class B – it can achieve an altitude of 3,000 m (9,800 ft), placing it between Class A – which is limited to ground effect, and Class C, which exploits the ground effect only during take-offs and landings and otherwise functions as a typical airplane. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-90_Orlyonok&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Soviet Navy command of the 1960s was very interested in a fast military transport capable of carrying a large payload. The Central Hydrofoil Design Bureau was one of the organizations working on this top-secret project, about which little was known until the fall of the Soviet Union. </p><p>Chief Designer R. E. Alexeyev designed several prototypes in the 1960s. At the start of the 1970s, Alexeyev designed a medium-sized ekranoplan to be used as a military transport. The new vehicle was named "Orlyonok" ("Eaglet"). The first flying unit (S-21) was initially tested on the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a> in the autumn of 1972, and the next year dismantled and transported to the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> for continued testing. In 1975 the S-21 crashed during testing, later proved to be due to a deficiency in the alloy used for the hull. A different alloy was used in all subsequent units built. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_and_design">Development and design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-90_Orlyonok&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development and design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Orlyonok was designed as a transport and a beach assault vehicle. Unlike other Soviet Ekranoplan designs, the Orlyonok was amphibious and was equipped with wheels for beaching and land based takeoffs. </p><p>Orlyonok's development was preceded by the SM-6; a prototype ekranoplan which had the same module layout as the Orlyonok. Experience gained from the SM-6 was used in the development of the Orlyonok. The SM-6 was on display in Kaspiysk for an unknown period. It was later brought back to Kaspiysk naval base and supposedly scrapped sometime between 2006 and 2008. </p><p>The layout of the engines on the Orlyonok was unusual and a testament of the special needs of such an unconventional aircraft. Mounted in the top of the tail, it featured a massive <a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_NK-12" title="Kuznetsov NK-12">Kuznetsov NK-12</a> turboprop, the most powerful turboprop ever made, which provided cruise power. The nose of the aircraft mounted two turbofan engines with the intakes on top of the nose and the exhaust along the side of the fuselage, the thrust of these engines being vectored under the wings to produce <a href="/wiki/PAR_thrust" title="PAR thrust">PAR thrust</a> (increased lift and extra propulsion) for takeoff. Under cruise conditions and in ground effect, the front engines could be shut off since their power was unnecessary to keep the aircraft aloft; this also minimized intake of water, salt and low flying birds. </p><p>Both takeoff and landing were assisted with large span-length flaps that greatly increased lift and could capture PAR thrust for increased air pressure. Water landings were assisted with a hydro-ski that extended out of the belly of the craft below the main wings. </p><p>The front end of the Orlyonok was hinged behind the <a href="/wiki/Radome" title="Radome">radome</a> and the whole assembly could open sideways to speed disembarkation of the infantry it carried, or of a <a href="/wiki/BTR_(vehicle)" title="BTR (vehicle)">BTR</a> <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">armoured personnel carrier</a>. The Orlyonok had a built in folding ramp that allowed it to load and unload vehicles with no external support. </p><p>There were plans to resume production of the Orlyonok. The craft were to have been built in Petrozavodsk.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-90_Orlyonok&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Overall only four units were built: </p> <ul><li>1 non-flying unit for static testing, scrapped.</li> <li>S-21 completed in 1972, damaged in 1975, rebuilt as S-23 in 1977, then lost again in 1992 (the craft was blown up because the Russian Navy could not afford the price asked for its retrieval by salvage companies).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>S-25 completed in 1979, retired 1993, scrapped around the year 2000.</li> <li>S-26 completed in 1980, retired 1993, on display at the Museum of the Navy, Moscow.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-90_Orlyonok&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(A-90)"><span id="Specifications_.28A-90.29"></span>Specifications (A-90)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-90_Orlyonok&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Specifications (A-90)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A-90_Orlyonok.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/A-90_Orlyonok.svg/300px-A-90_Orlyonok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/A-90_Orlyonok.svg/450px-A-90_Orlyonok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/A-90_Orlyonok.svg/600px-A-90_Orlyonok.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1746" data-file-height="1148" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 6</li> <li><b>Capacity:</b> 150 personnel / 28,000 kg (61,729 lb)</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 58.1 m (190 ft 7 in)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 31.5 m (103 ft 4 in)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 16.3 m (53 ft 6 in)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 304 m<sup>2</sup> (3,270 sq ft)</li> <li><b>Max takeoff weight:</b> 140,000 kg (308,647 lb)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 1 × <a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_NK-12MK" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuznetsov NK-12MK">Kuznetsov NK-12MK</a> <a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">turboprop</a> engine, 11,033 kW (14,795 shp) mounted at the fin / tailplane junction</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 2 × <a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_NK-8-4K" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuznetsov NK-8-4K">Kuznetsov NK-8-4K</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a> engines, 103 kN (23,000 lbf) thrust each in the nose</li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 8-bladed contra-rotating constant-speed propeller</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 400 km/h (250 mph, 220 kn)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 1,500 km (930 mi, 810 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 3,000 m (9,800 ft)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> 2 x 12.7 mm <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a> in twin dorsal turrets</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-90_Orlyonok&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lun-class_ekranoplan" title="Lun-class ekranoplan">Lun-class ekranoplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Pelican" title="Boeing Pelican">Boeing Pelican</a> (concept; never prototyped or built)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-90_Orlyonok&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:A-90_Orlyonok" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:A-90 Orlyonok">A-90 Orlyonok</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/904.htm">FAS.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816071718/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/904.htm">Archived</a> 2016-08-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070202164833/http://aquaglide.ru/history_e.htm">Short summary on Soviet Ekranoplans</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050227221236/http://hs-ships.ru/e_pages.phtm?f=2&p=1">The Alexeev Bureau (now a public company) page in English, with a color photo of the A-90 Ekranoplan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warlib.ru/index.php?id=000149">An article in Russian about Lun and Orlyonok ekranoplans</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/09/22/caspian_sea_monster/">Register article</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=55.851653,37.455992&spn=0.001677,0.005563&t=h&z=18">A-90 Orlyonok on Google Maps</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130042845/http://russian-ships.info/eng/warships/project_904.htm">All Orlan Class Ekranoplans – Complete Ship List</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/barbagroup/AeroPython-studentprojects/blob/master/GeorgeTeel/Orlyonok%20Ekranoplan.ipynb">Teel, George "Case study of Wing in Ground Effect with XFLR5: the A-90 Orlyonok (Орлёнок) Ekranoplan" – MAE 6226 (5 May 2015) George Washington University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/lanasator/albums/72157673627587597">Internal photos</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-90_Orlyonok&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKomissarov2002" class="citation book cs1">Komissarov, Sergey (2002). <i>Russia's Ekranoplans</i>. Midland Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Ekranoplans&rft.pub=Midland+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Komissarov&rft.aufirst=Sergey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA-90+Orlyonok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="USAF/DoD_reporting_names_for_Soviet_and_Chinese_aircraft_and_missiles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAF/DoD_reporting_names" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAF/DoD reporting names"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="USAF/DoD_reporting_names_for_Soviet_and_Chinese_aircraft_and_missiles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/USAF/DoD_reporting_names" title="USAF/DoD reporting names">USAF/DoD reporting names</a> for Soviet and Chinese aircraft and missiles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type numbers<br />(1947–1955)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-9" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-15" title="Yakovlev Yak-15">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-150" title="Lavochkin La-150">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-152" title="Lavochkin La-152">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-152" title="Lavochkin La-152">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-160" title="Lavochkin La-160">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-19" title="Yakovlev Yak-19">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-9_(1946)" title="Sukhoi Su-9 (1946)">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-12" title="Tupolev Tu-12">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-22" title="Ilyushin Il-22">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_I-270" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich I-270">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_%2773%27" title="Tupolev '73'">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-25_(1947)" title="Yakovlev Yak-25 (1947)">13</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-168" title="Lavochkin La-168">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-17" title="Yakovlev Yak-17">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-9_(1946)" title="Sukhoi Su-9 (1946)">17</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-82" title="Tupolev Tu-82">17</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_I-320" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich I-320">18</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-15_(1949)" title="Sukhoi Su-15 (1949)">18</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS-1_Komet" title="KS-1 Komet">19</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">19</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">20</a><sup>1,4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-30_(1948)" title="Yakovlev Yak-30 (1948)">20</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-15" title="Lavochkin La-15">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">22</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-2" title="Antonov An-2">22</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-12" title="Sukhoi Su-12">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-10" title="Yakovlev Yak-10">24</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-14" title="Yakovlev Yak-14">24</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsybin_Ts-25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsybin Ts-25 (page does not exist)">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-17" title="Yakovlev Yak-17">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" title="Ilyushin Il-28">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-23" title="Yakovlev Yak-23">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" title="Ilyushin Il-28">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-85" title="Tupolev Tu-85">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-1" title="Mil Mi-1">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriev_Be-8" title="Beriev Be-8">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriev_Be-6" title="Beriev Be-6">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-4" title="Mil Mi-4">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myasishchev_M-4" title="Myasishchev M-4">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-24" title="Yakovlev Yak-24">38</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">38</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" title="Tupolev Tu-16">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">40</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research/prototype<br />aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea_Monster" title="Caspian Sea Monster">CASP-A</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CASP-B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">KAZ-A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>NOVO-A<sup>3</sup></li> <li>NOVO-B<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_T-60S" title="Sukhoi T-60S">NOVO-C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gromov_Flight_Research_Institute" title="Gromov Flight Research Institute">GFRI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>RAM-A<sup>3</sup></li> <li>RAM-B<sup>3</sup></li> <li>RAM-C<sup>3</sup></li> <li>RAM-D<sup>3</sup></li> <li>RAM-E<sup>3</sup></li> <li>RAM-F<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-38" title="Yakovlev Yak-38">RAM-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">RAM-H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-25" title="Sukhoi Su-25">RAM-J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-27" title="Sukhoi Su-27">RAM-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29" title="Mikoyan MiG-29">RAM-L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myasishchev_M-55" title="Myasishchev M-55">RAM-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-102" title="Ilyushin Il-102">RAM-N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">RAM-P</a></li> <li>RAM-Q<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buran_programme" title="Buran programme">RAM-R</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OK-GLI" title="OK-GLI">R2</a></li></ul></li> <li>RAM-S<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-141" title="Yakovlev Yak-141">RAM-T</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chaplygin_Siberian_Scientific_Research_Institute_Of_Aviation" title="Chaplygin Siberian Scientific Research Institute Of Aviation">SibNIA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-47" title="Sukhoi Su-47">SIB-A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taganrog" title="Taganrog">Taganrog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartini_Beriev_VVA-14" title="Bartini Beriev VVA-14">TAG-A</a></li> <li>TAG-B<sup>3</sup></li> <li>TAG-C<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriev_A-40" title="Beriev A-40">TAG-D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_SH-5" title="Harbin SH-5">HARB-A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>NAN-A<sup>3</sup></li> <li>NAN-B<sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-8" title="Shenyang J-8">XIAN-A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research/prototype<br />missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barnaul" title="Barnaul">Barnaul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BL-01<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-02<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-03<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-04<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-05<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-06<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-07<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-08<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-09<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-80" title="Kh-80">BL-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhem,_Kazakhstan" title="Zhem, Kazakhstan">Embi-5</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>EM-01<sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" title="Kapustin Yar">Kapustin Yar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scud_missile" title="Scud missile">KY-01</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li>KY-02 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-11_Zemlya" title="R-11 Zemlya">I</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-2_(missile)" title="R-2 (missile)">II</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-5_Pobeda" title="R-5 Pobeda">III</a><sup>5</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-17_Elbrus" title="R-17 Elbrus">KY-03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-12_Dvina" title="R-12 Dvina">KY-04</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-14_Chusovaya" title="R-14 Chusovaya">KY-05</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-1_Temp" title="TR-1 Temp">KY-06</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-15" title="RT-15">KY-07</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li>KY-08<sup>3</sup></li> <li>KY-09<sup>3</sup></li> <li>KY-10<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-1_Temp" title="TR-1 Temp">KY-11</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTR-21_Tochka" title="OTR-21 Tochka">KY-12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nyonoksa" title="Nyonoksa">Nyonoksa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>NE-01<sup>3</sup></li> <li>NE-02<sup>3</sup></li> <li>NE-03<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-39_Rif" title="R-39 Rif">NE-04</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk" title="Plesetsk">Plesetsk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RT-20P" title="RT-20P">PL-01</a></li> <li>PL-02<sup>3</sup></li> <li>PL-03<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-23_Molodets" title="RT-23 Molodets">PL-04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-2PM_Topol" title="RT-2PM Topol">PL-05</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sary_Shagan" title="Sary Shagan">Sary Shagan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABM-1_Galosh" title="ABM-1 Galosh">SH-01</a></li> <li>SH-02<sup>3</sup></li> <li>SH-03<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABM-1_Galosh" title="ABM-1 Galosh">SH-04</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li>SH-05<sup>3</sup></li> <li>SH-06<sup>3</sup></li> <li>SH-07<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53T6" title="53T6">SH-08</a></li> <li>SH-09<sup>3</sup></li> <li>SH-10<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-135_anti-ballistic_missile_system" title="A-135 anti-ballistic missile system">SH-11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6retam" title="Töretam">Töretam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>TT-01<sup>3</sup></li> <li>TT-02<sup>3</sup></li> <li>TT-03<sup>3</sup></li> <li>TT-04<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N1_(rocket)" title="N1 (rocket)">TT-05</a></li> <li>TT-06<sup>3</sup></li> <li>TT-07<sup>3</sup></li> <li>TT-08<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K720_Iskander" title="9K720 Iskander">TT-09</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimirovska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimirovska (page does not exist)">Vladimirovska</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>VA-01<sup>3</sup></li> <li>VA-02<sup>3</sup></li> <li>VA-03<sup>3</sup></li> <li>VA-04<sup>3</sup></li> <li>VA-05<sup>3</sup></li> <li>VA-06<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-15" title="Kh-15">VA-07</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li>VA-08<sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Listed in contemporary sources  •  <sup>2</sup> Bergander list (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Type_Note3">details</a>)  •  <sup>3</sup> Unknown/no details  •  <sup>4</sup> Possible error  •  <sup>5</sup> Unconfirmed</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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