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id="toc-Dental_and_other_post-surgical_pain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_pain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_pain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4 Other pain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_pain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patent_ductus_arteriosus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patent_ductus_arteriosus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Patent ductus arteriosus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patent_ductus_arteriosus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adverse_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverse_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Adverse effects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Adverse effects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_in_pregnancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_pregnancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Use in pregnancy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_pregnancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overdose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overdose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Overdose </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overdose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Interactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Pharmacology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Pharmacology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pharmacodynamics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacodynamics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Pharmacodynamics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacodynamics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacokinetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacokinetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Pharmacokinetics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacokinetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Chemistry </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Chemistry subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synthesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Synthesis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classical_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Classical methods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celanese_synthesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celanese_synthesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 Celanese synthesis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celanese_synthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Society and culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Society and culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Naming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Naming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Available_forms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Available_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Available forms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Available_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veterinary_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veterinary_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Veterinary use </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Veterinary_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Veterinary use subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Veterinary_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Cats </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dogs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dogs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Dogs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dogs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Snakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Paracetamol</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" > 94 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasetamol" title="Parasetamol – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Parasetamol" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84" title="باراسيتامول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باراسيتامول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%AC" title="Փարասեթամոլ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փարասեթամոլ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasetamol" title="Parasetamol – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Parasetamol" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86" title="استامینوفن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="استامینوفن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2" title="প্যারাসিটামল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্যারাসিটামল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="पैरासिटामोल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पैरासिटामोल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Парацетамол – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парацетамол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasetamoro" title="Parasetamoro – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Parasetamoro" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasetamol" title="Parasetamol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Parasetamol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%AC%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%AF%DE%8D%DE%B0" title="ޕެރަސެޓަމޯލް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕެރަސެޓަމޯލް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratsetamool" title="Paratsetamool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paratsetamool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Παρακεταμόλη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παρακεταμόλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamolo" title="Paracetamolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Paracetamolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazetamol" title="Parazetamol – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Parazetamol" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86" title="استامینوفن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استامینوفن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parac%C3%A9tamol" title="Paracétamol – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paracétamol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraic%C3%A9iteam%C3%B3l" title="Paraicéiteamól – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Paraicéiteamól" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%84%B8%ED%8A%B8%EC%95%84%EB%AF%B8%EB%85%B8%ED%8E%9C" title="아세트아미노펜 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아세트아미노펜" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%AC" title="Պարացետամոլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարացետամոլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="पेरासिटामोल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेरासिटामोल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2" title="প্যারাসিটামল – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="প্যারাসিটামল" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasetamol" title="Parasetamol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Parasetamol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasetam%C3%B3l" title="Parasetamól – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Parasetamól" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamolo" title="Paracetamolo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paracetamolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C" title="פרצטמול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרצטמול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paras%C3%A9tamol" title="Parasétamol – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Parasétamol" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪ್ಯಾರಾಸಿಟಮಾಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ಯಾರಾಸಿಟಮಾಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="პარაცეტამოლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პარაცეტამოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84" title="پیراسیٹامول – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پیراسیٹامول" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Парацетамол – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Парацетамол" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitamoli" title="Parasitamoli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Parasitamoli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamols" title="Paracetamols – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Paracetamols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamolis" title="Paracetamolis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paracetamolis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parac%C3%A9tamol" title="Paracétamol – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Paracétamol" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Парацетамол – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Парацетамол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE" title="പാരസെറ്റമോൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാരസെറ്റമോൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2" title="पॅरासिटामॉल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पॅरासिटामॉल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasetamol" title="Parasetamol – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parasetamol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Парацетамол – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Парацетамол" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="पारासिटामोल – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पारासिटामोल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BB%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8E%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3" title="アセトアミノフェン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アセトアミノフェン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetam%C3%B2l" title="Paracetamòl – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Paracetamòl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2" title="ପାରାସେଟାମୋଲ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପାରାସେଟାମୋଲ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratsetamol" title="Paratsetamol – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Paratsetamol" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2" title="ਪੈਰਾਸੀਟਾਮੋਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਰਾਸੀਟਾਮੋਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="ပါရာသီတမေားလ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပါရာသီတမေားလ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84" title="پاراستامول – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پاراستامول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Парацетамол – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парацетамол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9E" title="ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱴᱟᱢᱳᱞ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱴᱟᱢᱳᱞ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamoli" title="Paracetamoli – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Paracetamoli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="පැරසිටමෝල් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පැරසිටමෝල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%86%DA%B5" title="پانادۆڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پانادۆڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasetamol" title="Parasetamol – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Parasetamol" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasetamoli" title="Parasetamoli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Parasetamoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பாராசித்தமோல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாராசித்தமோல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Парацетамол – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Парацетамол" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="పారాసిటమాల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పారాసిటమాల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="พาราเซตามอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พาราเซตามอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasetamol" title="Parasetamol – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Parasetamol" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Парацетамол – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парацетамол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84" title="پیراسٹامول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیراسٹامول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paracetamol" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B0%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%9A" title="对乙酰氨基酚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="对乙酰氨基酚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%92%B2%E7%86%B1%E6%81%AF%E7%97%9B" title="撲熱息痛 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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<div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Common medication for pain and fever</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title">Paracetamol</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/File:N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol.svg/210px-N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol.svg/315px-N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol.svg/420px-N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="117" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><table style="width:100%; margin:0;"><tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;"><a href="/wiki/File:Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-balls.png/110px-Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-balls.png/165px-Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-balls.png/220px-Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;"><a href="/wiki/File:Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png/110px-Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png/165px-Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png/220px-Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="837" /></a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data">Paracetamol: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌpærəˈsiːtəmɒl/</a> Acetaminophen: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/əˌsiːtəˈmɪnəfɪn/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/62\/En-acetaminophen.oga\/En-acetaminophen.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-acetaminophen.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/En-acetaminophen.oga/En-acetaminophen.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-acetaminophen.oga" title="File:En-acetaminophen.oga">ⓘ</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tylenol_(brand)" title="Tylenol (brand)">Tylenol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panadol_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panadol (brand)">Panadol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol_brand_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracetamol brand names">others</a><a href="#cite_note-drugs.com-internatl-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP), acetaminophen (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Adopted_Name" title="United States Adopted Name">USAN</a> <abbr title="United States">US</abbr>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetaminophen.html">Monograph</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681004.html">a681004</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Acetaminophen">Acetaminophen</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>: A<a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-2">[2]</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">By mouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rectal_administration" title="Rectal administration">rectal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous administration">intravenous</a> (IV)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_class" title="Drug class">Drug class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic">Analgesic</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipyretic" title="Antipyretic">antipyretic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N02" title="ATC code N02">N02BE01</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N02BE01">WHO</a>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N02" title="ATC code N02">N02BE51</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N02BE51">WHO</a>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N02" title="ATC code N02">N02BE71</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N02BE71">WHO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only) OTC, and unscheduled</li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_drug" title="Over-the-counter drug">OTC</a> / Rx-only<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/General_sales_list" class="mw-redirect" title="General sales list">General sales list</a> (GSL, OTC)</li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Boxed_warning" title="Boxed warning">WARNING</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings-3">[3]</a>OTC / Rx-only</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">CN</a>: <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_drug" title="Over-the-counter drug">OTC</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">63–89%<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>: 73 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">Protein binding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">negligible to 10–25% in overdose<a href="#cite_note-pmid7039926-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Predominantly in the <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a><a href="#cite_note-TGA-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">Metabolites</a></th><td class="infobox-data">APAP <a href="/wiki/Glucuronide" title="Glucuronide">gluc</a>, APAP <a href="/wiki/Sulfate" title="Sulfate">sulfate</a>, APAP <a href="/wiki/Glutathione" title="Glutathione">GSH</a>, APAP <a href="/wiki/Cys" class="mw-redirect" title="Cys">cys</a>, AM404, <a href="/wiki/NAPQI" title="NAPQI">NAPQI</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Onset_of_action" title="Onset of action">Onset of action</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">Oral</a>: 37 minutes<a href="#cite_note-Buccal_route-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">Intravenous</a>: 8 minutes<a href="#cite_note-Buccal_route-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination half-life</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.9–2.5 hours<a href="#cite_note-pmid7039926-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">Kidney</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid7039926-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanamide</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=103-90-2">103-90-2</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1983">1983</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">PubChem <abbr title="Substance ID">SID</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46506142">46506142</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Pharmacology" title="Guide to Pharmacology">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5239">5239</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00316">DB00316</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.1906.html">1906</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/362O9ITL9D">362O9ITL9D</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00217">D00217</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C06804">C06804</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:46195">CHEBI:46195</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL112">ChEMBL112</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB ligand</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>TYL (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/PDBeXplore/ligand/?ligand=TYL">PDBe</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/ligand/TYL">RCSB PDB</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> (<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID2020006">DTXSID2020006</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57055#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard">ECHA InfoCard</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.002.870">100.002.870</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57055#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data">C8H9NO2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data">151.165 g·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CC%28%3DO%29Nc1ccc%28O%29cc1">Interactive image</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.293 g/cm3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">169 °C (336 °F) <a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>7.21 g/kg (0 °C)<a href="#cite_note-paracetamol-solubility-12">[12]</a></li><li>8.21 g/kg (5 °C)<a href="#cite_note-paracetamol-solubility-12">[12]</a></li><li>9.44 g/kg (10 °C)<a href="#cite_note-paracetamol-solubility-12">[12]</a></li><li>10.97 g/kg (15 °C)<a href="#cite_note-paracetamol-solubility-12">[12]</a></li><li>12.78 g/kg (20 °C)<a href="#cite_note-paracetamol-solubility-12">[12]</a></li><li>~14 mg/ml (20 °C)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">CC(=O)Nc1ccc(O)cc1</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C8H9NO2/c1-6(10)9-7-2-4-8(11)5-3-7/h2-5,11H,1H3,(H,9,10) <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>  <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=456349142&page2=Paracetamol">(verify)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Paracetamol<a href="#cite_note-13">[a]</a>, or acetaminophen<a href="#cite_note-14">[b]</a>, is a non-opioid <a href="/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic">analgesic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antipyretic" title="Antipyretic">antipyretic</a> agent used to treat <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a> and mild to moderate <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid19058473-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid31892511-17">[15]</a> It is a widely used <a href="/wiki/Over_the_counter" class="mw-redirect" title="Over the counter">over-the-counter</a> <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">medication</a>. Common brand names include Tylenol and Panadol. At a standard dose, paracetamol slightly reduces fever;<a href="#cite_note-pmid19058473-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid27992852-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid26518691-19">[17]</a> it is inferior to <a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">ibuprofen</a> in that respect,<a href="#cite_note-pmid20150507-20">[18]</a> and the benefits of its use for fever are unclear, particularly in the context of fever of viral origins.<a href="#cite_note-pmid19058473-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid12076499-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid31116598-22">[20]</a> Paracetamol relieves pain in both acute mild <a href="/wiki/Migraine" title="Migraine">migraine</a> and episodic <a href="/wiki/Tension_headache" title="Tension headache">tension headache</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25600718-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid27306653-24">[22]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine" title="Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine">aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine</a> combination also helps with both conditions where the pain is mild and is recommended as a <a href="/wiki/Therapy#Lines_of_therapy" title="Therapy">first-line treatment</a> for them.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29671521-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid21181425-26">[24]</a> Paracetamol is effective for post-<a href="/wiki/Surgical" class="mw-redirect" title="Surgical">surgical</a> pain, but it is inferior to ibuprofen.<a href="#cite_note-pmid24338830-27">[25]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol/ibuprofen" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracetamol/ibuprofen">paracetamol/ibuprofen</a> combination provides further increase in potency and is superior to either drug alone.<a href="#cite_note-pmid24338830-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid23904576-28">[26]</a> The pain relief paracetamol provides in <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a> is small and clinically insignificant.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31892511-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-BMJ2015-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid31908149-30">[28]</a> The evidence in its favor for the use in low back pain, <a href="/wiki/Cancer_pain" title="Cancer pain">cancer pain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neuropathic_pain" title="Neuropathic pain">neuropathic pain</a> is insufficient.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31892511-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-BMJ2015-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid28192789-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Saragiotto2016-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid28700092-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid28027389-34">[32]</a> In the short term, paracetamol is safe and effective when used as directed.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> Short term adverse effects are uncommon and similar to ibuprofen,<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> but paracetamol is typically safer than <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a> (NSAIDs) for long-term use.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> Paracetamol is also often used in patients who cannot tolerate NSAIDs like ibuprofen.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31156845-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid31073920-39">[37]</a> Chronic consumption of paracetamol may result in a drop in <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin">hemoglobin</a> level, indicating possible <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_bleeding" title="Gastrointestinal bleeding">gastrointestinal bleeding</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pmid25732175-40">[38]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elevated_transaminases" title="Elevated transaminases">abnormal liver function tests</a>. The recommended maximum daily dose for an adult is three to four grams.<a href="#cite_note-BMJ2015-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-UK2017-41">[39]</a> Higher doses may lead to toxicity, including <a href="/wiki/Liver_failure" title="Liver failure">liver failure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-42">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol_poisoning" title="Paracetamol poisoning">Paracetamol poisoning</a> is the foremost cause of <a href="/wiki/Acute_liver_failure" title="Acute liver failure">acute liver failure</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>, and accounts for most drug overdoses in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-Daly2008-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hawkins2007-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Larson2005-45">[43]</a> Paracetamol was first made in 1878 by <a href="/wiki/Harmon_Northrop_Morse" title="Harmon Northrop Morse">Harmon Northrop Morse</a> or possibly in 1852 by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Gerhardt" title="Charles Frédéric Gerhardt">Charles Frédéric Gerhardt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-ourarchive.otago.ac.nz-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Roy_2011-48">[46]</a> It is the most commonly used medication for pain and fever in both the United States and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> It is on the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO23rd-50">[48]</a> Paracetamol is available as a <a href="/wiki/Generic_medication" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic medication">generic medication</a>, with brand names including <a href="/wiki/Tylenol_(brand)" title="Tylenol (brand)">Tylenol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panadol_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panadol (brand)">Panadol</a> among <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol_brand_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracetamol brand names">others</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> In 2022, it was the 114th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5 million prescriptions.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fever">Fever</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fever">edit</a>]</div> Paracetamol is used for reducing fever.<a href="#cite_note-:2-15">[13]</a> However, there has been a lack of research on its <a href="/wiki/Antipyretic" title="Antipyretic">antipyretic</a> properties, particularly in adults, and thus its benefits are unclear.<a href="#cite_note-pmid19058473-16">[14]</a> As a result, it has been described as <a href="/wiki/Overmedication" title="Overmedication">over-prescribed</a> for this application.<a href="#cite_note-pmid19058473-16">[14]</a> In addition, low-quality <a href="/wiki/Randomized_clinical_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Randomized clinical trial">clinical data</a> indicates that when used for the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a>, paracetamol may relieve a <a href="/wiki/Nasal_congestion" title="Nasal congestion">stuffed</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rhinorrhea" title="Rhinorrhea">runny</a> nose, but not other cold symptoms such as <a href="/wiki/Sore_throat" title="Sore throat">sore throat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaise" title="Malaise">malaise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sneezing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneezing">sneezing</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Cough" title="Cough">cough</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23818046-54">[52]</a> For people in <a href="/wiki/Critical_care_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Critical care medicine">critical care</a>, paracetamol decreases body temperature by only 0.2–0.3 °C more than control interventions and has no effect on their <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">mortality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid27992852-18">[16]</a> It did not change the outcome in febrile patients with stroke.<a href="#cite_note-pmid28289240-55">[53]</a> The results are contradictory for paracetamol use in sepsis: higher mortality, lower mortality, and no change in mortality were all reported.<a href="#cite_note-pmid27992852-18">[16]</a> Paracetamol offered no benefit in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Dengue_fever" title="Dengue fever">dengue fever</a> and was accompanied by a higher rate of liver enzyme elevation: a sign of a potential liver damage.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31000122-56">[54]</a> Overall, there is no support for a routine administration of antipyretic drugs, including paracetamol, to hospitalized patients with fever and infection.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31116598-22">[20]</a> The efficacy of paracetamol in children with fever is unclear.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> Paracetamol should not be used solely with the aim of reducing body temperature; however, it may be considered for children with fever who appear distressed.<a href="#cite_note-NICE-58">[56]</a> It does not prevent <a href="/wiki/Febrile_seizures" class="mw-redirect" title="Febrile seizures">febrile seizures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NICE-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid33125519-59">[57]</a> It appears that 0.2 °C decrease of the body temperature in children after a standard dose of paracetamol is of questionable value, particularly in emergency situations.<a href="#cite_note-pmid19058473-16">[14]</a> Based on this, some physicians advocate using higher doses that may decrease the temperature by as much as 0.7 °C.<a href="#cite_note-pmid26518691-19">[17]</a> Meta-analyses showed that paracetamol is less effective than ibuprofen in children (marginally less effective, according to another analysis<a href="#cite_note-pmid28437025-60">[58]</a>), including children younger than 2 years old,<a href="#cite_note-pmid33125495-61">[59]</a> with equivalent safety.<a href="#cite_note-pmid20150507-20">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Exacerbation" title="Exacerbation">Exacerbation</a> of asthma occurs with similar frequency for both medications.<a href="#cite_note-pmid32293369-62">[60]</a> Giving paracetamol and ibuprofen together at the same time to children under 5 is not recommended; however, doses may be alternated if required.<a href="#cite_note-NICE-58">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pain">Pain</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pain">edit</a>]</div> Paracetamol is used for the relief of mild to moderate pain such as headache, muscle aches, minor arthritis pain, toothache as well as pain caused by cold, flu, sprains, and <a href="/wiki/Dysmenorrhea" title="Dysmenorrhea">dysmenorrhea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid17227290-63">[61]</a> It is recommended, in particular, for acute mild to moderate pain, since the evidence for the treatment of chronic pain is insufficient.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31892511-17">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Musculoskeletal_pain">Musculoskeletal pain</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Musculoskeletal pain">edit</a>]</div> The benefits of paracetamol in musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis and backache, are uncertain.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31892511-17">[15]</a> It appears to provide only small and not clinically important benefits in <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31892511-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-BMJ2015-29">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Rheumatology" title="American College of Rheumatology">American College of Rheumatology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthritis_Foundation" title="Arthritis Foundation">Arthritis Foundation</a> guideline for the management of osteoarthritis notes that the <a href="/wiki/Effect_size" title="Effect size">effect size</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a> of paracetamol has been very small, which suggests that for most individuals it is ineffective.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31908149-30">[28]</a> The guideline conditionally recommends paracetamol for short-term and episodic use to those who do not tolerate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. For people taking it regularly, monitoring for liver toxicity is required.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31908149-30">[28]</a> Essentially the same recommendation was issued by <a href="/wiki/European_League_Against_Rheumatism" class="mw-redirect" title="European League Against Rheumatism">EULAR</a> for hand osteoarthritis.<a href="#cite_note-pmid30154087-64">[62]</a> Similarly, the ESCEO algorithm for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis recommends limiting the use of paracetamol to short-term rescue analgesia only.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31126594-65">[63]</a> Paracetamol is ineffective for acute low back pain.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31892511-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid28192789-31">[29]</a> No randomized clinical trials evaluated its use for chronic or <a href="/wiki/Radicular_pain" title="Radicular pain">radicular</a> back pain, and the evidence in favor of paracetamol is lacking.<a href="#cite_note-Saragiotto2016-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-BMJ2015-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid28192789-31">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Headaches">Headaches</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Headaches">edit</a>]</div> Paracetamol is effective for acute migraine:<a href="#cite_note-pmid25600718-23">[21]</a> 39 % of people experience pain relief at one hour compared with 20 % in the control group.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> The aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine combination also "has strong evidence of effectiveness and can be used as a <a href="/wiki/Therapy#Lines_of_therapy" title="Therapy">first-line treatment</a> for migraine".<a href="#cite_note-pmid29671521-25">[23]</a> Paracetamol on its own only slightly alleviates episodic <a href="/wiki/Tension_headache" title="Tension headache">tension headache</a> in those who have them frequently.<a href="#cite_note-pmid27306653-24">[22]</a> However, the aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine combination is superior to both paracetamol alone and placebo and offers meaningful relief of tension headache: two hours after administering the medication, 29 % of those who took the combination were pain-free as compared with 21 % on paracetamol and 18 % on placebo.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25406671-67">[65]</a> The German, Austrian, and Swiss headache societies and the German Society of Neurology recommend this combination as a "highlighted" one for self-medication of tension headache, with paracetamol/caffeine combination being a "remedy of first choice", and paracetamol a "remedy of second choice".<a href="#cite_note-pmid21181425-26">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dental_and_other_post-surgical_pain">Dental and other post-surgical pain</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dental and other post-surgical pain">edit</a>]</div> Pain after a dental surgery provides a reliable model for the action of analgesics on other kinds of acute pain.<a href="#cite_note-pmid32027199-68">[66]</a> For the relief of such pain, paracetamol is inferior to ibuprofen.<a href="#cite_note-pmid24338830-27">[25]</a> Full therapeutic doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ibuprofen, <a href="/wiki/Naproxen" title="Naproxen">naproxen</a> or <a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">diclofenac</a> are clearly more efficacious than the paracetamol/codeine combination which is frequently prescribed for dental pain.<a href="#cite_note-pmid32286125-69">[67]</a> The combinations of paracetamol and NSAIDs ibuprofen or diclofenac are promising, possibly offering better pain control than either paracetamol or the NSAID alone.<a href="#cite_note-pmid24338830-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid23904576-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid23794268-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid30245281-71">[69]</a> Additionally, the paracetamol/ibuprofen combination may be superior to paracetamol/codeine and ibuprofen/codeine combinations.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23904576-28">[26]</a> A meta-analysis of general post-surgical pain, which included dental and other surgery, showed the paracetamol/codeine combination to be more effective than paracetamol alone: it provided significant pain relief to as much as 53 % of the participants, while the placebo helped only 7 %.<a href="#cite_note-pmid19160199-72">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_pain">Other pain</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other pain">edit</a>]</div> Paracetamol fails to relieve procedural pain in <a href="/wiki/Newborn_babies" class="mw-redirect" title="Newborn babies">newborn babies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid32257982-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> For <a href="/wiki/Perineum" title="Perineum">perineal</a> pain <a href="/wiki/Postpartum_period" title="Postpartum period">postpartum</a> paracetamol appears to be less effective than <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a> (NSAIDs).<a href="#cite_note-pmid33427305-75">[73]</a> The studies to support or refute the use of paracetamol for cancer pain and for neuropathic pain are lacking.<a href="#cite_note-pmid28700092-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid28027389-34">[32]</a> There is limited evidence in favor of the use of the intravenous form of paracetamol for acute pain control in the emergency department.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> The combination of paracetamol with caffeine is superior to paracetamol alone for the treatment of acute pain.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patent_ductus_arteriosus">Patent ductus arteriosus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Patent ductus arteriosus">edit</a>]</div> Paracetamol helps ductal closure in <a href="/wiki/Patent_ductus_arteriosus" title="Patent ductus arteriosus">patent ductus arteriosus</a>. It is as effective for this purpose as ibuprofen or <a href="/wiki/Indomethacin" class="mw-redirect" title="Indomethacin">indomethacin</a>, but results in less frequent gastrointestinal bleeding than ibuprofen.<a href="#cite_note-:0-78">[76]</a> Its use for extremely low birth weight and gestational age infants however requires further study.<a href="#cite_note-:0-78">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Adverse effects">edit</a>]</div> Gastrointestinal adverse effects such as nausea and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_pain" title="Abdominal pain">abdominal pain</a> are extremely uncommon, and their frequency is nothing like that of ibuprofen.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31073920-39">[37]</a> Increase in risk-taking behavior is possible.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> According to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA), the drug may cause rare and possibly fatal skin reactions such as <a href="/wiki/Stevens%E2%80%93Johnson_syndrome" title="Stevens–Johnson syndrome">Stevens–Johnson syndrome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toxic_epidermal_necrolysis" title="Toxic epidermal necrolysis">toxic epidermal necrolysis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:1-80">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rechallenge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rechallenge">Rechallenge</a> tests and an analysis of American but not French <a href="/wiki/Pharmacovigilance" title="Pharmacovigilance">pharmacovigilance</a> databases indicated a risk of these reactions.<a href="#cite_note-:1-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid28963996-81">[79]</a> In clinical trials for <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a>, the number of participants reporting adverse effects was similar for those on paracetamol and on placebo. However, the abnormal liver function tests (meaning there was some inflammation or damage to the liver) were almost four times more likely in those on paracetamol, although the clinical importance of this effect is uncertain.<a href="#cite_note-pmid30801133-82">[80]</a> After 13 weeks of paracetamol therapy for knee pain, a drop in hemoglobin level indicating <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_bleeding" title="Gastrointestinal bleeding">gastrointestinal bleeding</a> was observed in 20 % of participants, this rate being similar to the ibuprofen group.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25732175-40">[38]</a> Due to the absence of <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">controlled studies</a>, most of the information about the long-term safety of paracetamol comes from <a href="/wiki/Observational_study" title="Observational study">observational studies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31073920-39">[37]</a> These indicate a consistent pattern of increased <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">mortality</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">myocardial infarction</a>), gastrointestinal (<a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease" title="Peptic ulcer disease">ulcers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_bleeding" title="Gastrointestinal bleeding">bleeding</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">renal</a> adverse effects with increased dose of paracetamol.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25732175-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid31073920-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid23400756-83">[81]</a> Use of paracetamol is associated with 1.9 times higher risk of peptic ulcer.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31073920-39">[37]</a> Those who take it regularly at a higher dose (more than 2–3 g daily) are at much higher risk (3.6–3.7 times) of gastrointestinal bleeding and other bleeding events.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29863746-84">[82]</a> Meta-analyses suggest that paracetamol may increase the risk of <a href="/wiki/Kidney_failure" title="Kidney failure">kidney impairment</a> by 23 %<a href="#cite_note-pmid32172553-85">[83]</a> and kidney cancer by 28 %.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23400756-83">[81]</a> Paracetamol slightly but significantly increases <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a> and heart rate.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31073920-39">[37]</a> A 2022 double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study has provided evidence that daily, high-dose use (4 g per day) of paracetamol increases systolic BP.<a href="#cite_note-pmid35130054-86">[84]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] A review of available research has suggested that increase in systolic blood pressure and increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with chronic paracetamol use shows a degree of dose dependence.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29863746-84">[82]</a> The association between paracetamol use and <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a> in children has been a matter of controversy.<a href="#cite_note-Lourido2017-87">[85]</a> However, the most recent research suggests that there is no association,<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> and that the frequency of asthma exacerbations in children after paracetamol is the same as after another frequently used pain killer, ibuprofen.<a href="#cite_note-pmid32293369-62">[60]</a> In recommended doses, the <a href="/wiki/Side_effect" title="Side effect">side effects</a> of paracetamol are mild to non-existent.<a href="#cite_note-PM:_FBtCP-89">[87]</a> In contrast to aspirin, it is not a <a href="/wiki/Antiplatelet_drug" title="Antiplatelet drug">blood thinner</a> (and thus may be used in patients where bleeding is a concern), and it does not cause gastric irritation.<a href="#cite_note-TCD-90">[88]</a> Compared to Ibuprofen—which can have adverse effects that include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain—paracetamol is well tolerated with fewer side effects.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> Prolonged daily use may cause kidney or liver damage.<a href="#cite_note-TCD-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a>Paracetamol is metabolized by the liver and is <a href="/wiki/Hepatotoxic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatotoxic">hepatotoxic</a>; side effects may be more likely in <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">chronic alcoholics</a> or patients with liver damage.<a href="#cite_note-PM:_FBtCP-89">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> Until 2010 paracetamol was believed safe in pregnancy however, in a study published in October 2010 it has been linked to <a href="/wiki/Infertility" title="Infertility">infertility</a> in the adult life of the unborn.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> Like NSAIDs and unlike opioid analgesics, paracetamol has not been found to cause euphoria or alter mood. One recent research study has showed some evidence that paracetamol can ease psychological pain, but more studies are needed to draw an informed conclusion.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> Unlike aspirin, it is safe for children, as paracetamol is not associated with a risk of <a href="/wiki/Reye%27s_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Reye's syndrome">Reye's syndrome</a> in children with viral illnesses.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> Chronic users of paracetamol may have a higher risk of developing <a href="/wiki/Hematological_malignancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hematological malignancy">blood cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_in_pregnancy">Use in pregnancy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Use in pregnancy">edit</a>]</div> Paracetamol safety in pregnancy has been under increased scrutiny. There appears to be no link between paracetamol use in the first trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes or <a href="/wiki/Birth_defects" class="mw-redirect" title="Birth defects">birth defects</a>. However, indications exist of a possible increase of asthma and developmental and reproductive disorders in the offspring of women with prolonged use of paracetamol during pregnancy.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29863746-84">[82]</a> Paracetamol use by the mother during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of childhood <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>,<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid28237129-99">[97]</a> but so are the maternal infections for which paracetamol may be used, and separating these influences is difficult.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29863746-84">[82]</a> Paracetamol, in a small scale meta-analysis was also associated with a 20–30 % increase in <a href="/wiki/Autism_spectrum_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Autism spectrum disorder">autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder" title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder">attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conduct_disorder" title="Conduct disorder">conduct disorder</a>, with the association being lower in a meta-analysis where a larger demographic was used, but it is unclear whether this is a causal relationship and there was potential bias in the findings.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29863746-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid29688261-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid31664451-101">[99]</a> There is also an argument that the large number, consistency, and the robust designs of the studies provide a strong evidence in favor of paracetamol causing the increased risk of these neurodevelopmental disorders.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29341895-102">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid30654621-103">[101]</a> In animal experiments, paracetamol disrupts fetal <a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">testosterone</a> production, and several epidemiological studies linked <a href="/wiki/Cryptorchidism" title="Cryptorchidism">cryptorchidism</a> with mother's paracetamol use for more than two weeks in the second trimester. On the other hand, several studies did not find any association.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29863746-84">[82]</a> The consensus recommendation appears to be to avoid prolonged use of paracetamol in pregnancy and use it only when necessary, at the lowest effective dosage and for the shortest time.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29863746-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid28986045-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid31242344-105">[103]</a> In pregnancy, paracetamol and <a href="/wiki/Metoclopramide" title="Metoclopramide">metoclopramide</a> are deemed safe as are NSAIDs until the <a href="/wiki/Third_trimester" class="mw-redirect" title="Third trimester">third trimester</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gilmore2011-106">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overdose">Overdose</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Overdose">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol_poisoning" title="Paracetamol poisoning">Paracetamol poisoning</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Drug_overdose" title="Drug overdose">Overdose</a> of paracetamol is caused by taking more than the recommended maximum daily dose of paracetamol for healthy adults (three or four grams),<a href="#cite_note-UK2017-41">[39]</a> and can cause potentially fatal <a href="/wiki/Hepatotoxicity" title="Hepatotoxicity">liver damage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> A single dose should not exceed 1000 mg, doses should be taken no sooner than four hours apart, and no more than four doses (4000 mg) in 24 hours.<a href="#cite_note-UK2017-41">[39]</a> While a majority of adult overdoses are linked to suicide attempts, many cases are accidental, often due to the use of more than one paracetamol-containing product over an extended period.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol_toxicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracetamol toxicity">Paracetamol toxicity</a> has become the foremost cause of acute liver failure in the United States by 2003,<a href="#cite_note-Larson2005-45">[43]</a> and as of 2005<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit">[update]</a>, paracetamol accounted for most drug overdoses in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> As of 2004, paracetamol overdose resulted in more calls to <a href="/wiki/Poison_control_center" title="Poison control center">poison control centers</a> in the U.S. than overdose of any other pharmacological substance.<a href="#cite_note-Lee2004-111">[109]</a> According to the FDA, in the United States, "56,000 emergency room visits, 26,000 hospitalizations, and 458 deaths per year [were] related to acetaminophen-associated overdoses during the 1990s. Within these estimates, unintentional acetaminophen overdose accounted for nearly 25 % of the emergency department visits, 10 % of the hospitalizations, and 25 % of the deaths."<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] Overdoses are frequently related to high-dose <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_use" title="Recreational drug use">recreational use</a> of prescription <a href="/wiki/Opioids" class="mw-redirect" title="Opioids">opioids</a>, as these opioids are most often combined with paracetamol.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> The overdose risk may be heightened by frequent consumption of alcohol.<a href="#cite_note-Lee2017-114">[112]</a> Untreated paracetamol overdose results in a lengthy, painful illness. Signs and symptoms of paracetamol toxicity may initially be absent or <a href="/wiki/Non-specific_symptom" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-specific symptom">non-specific symptoms</a>. The first symptoms of overdose usually begin several hours after ingestion, with <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomiting</a>, sweating, and pain as acute liver failure starts.<a href="#cite_note-Rumack1975-115">[113]</a> People who take overdoses of paracetamol do not fall asleep or lose consciousness, although most people who attempt suicide with paracetamol wrongly believe that they will be rendered unconscious by the drug.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-met1-117">[115]</a> Treatment is aimed at removing the paracetamol from the body and replenishing <a href="/wiki/Glutathione" title="Glutathione">glutathione</a>.<a href="#cite_note-met1-117">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal" class="mw-redirect" title="Activated charcoal">Activated charcoal</a> can be used to decrease absorption of paracetamol if the person comes to the hospital soon after the overdose. While the antidote, <a href="/wiki/Acetylcysteine" title="Acetylcysteine">acetylcysteine</a> (also called N-acetylcysteine or NAC), acts as a precursor for glutathione, helping the body regenerate enough to prevent or at least decrease the possible damage to the liver; a <a href="/wiki/Liver_transplant" class="mw-redirect" title="Liver transplant">liver transplant</a> is often required if damage to the liver becomes severe.<a href="#cite_note-Daly2008-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> NAC was usually given following a treatment <a href="/wiki/Nomogram" title="Nomogram">nomogram</a> (one for people with risk factors, and one for those without), but the use of the nomogram is no longer recommended as evidence to support the use of risk factors was poor and inconsistent, and many of the risk factors are imprecise and difficult to determine with sufficient certainty in clinical practice.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> Toxicity of paracetamol is due to its <a href="/wiki/1,4-Benzoquinone" title="1,4-Benzoquinone">quinone metabolite</a> <a href="/wiki/NAPQI" title="NAPQI">NAPQI</a> and NAC also helps in neutralizing it.<a href="#cite_note-met1-117">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kidney_failure" title="Kidney failure">Kidney failure</a> is also a possible side effect.<a href="#cite_note-Lee2017-114">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Interactions">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Prokinetic_agent" title="Prokinetic agent">Prokinetic agents</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Metoclopramide" title="Metoclopramide">metoclopramide</a> accelerate gastric emptying, shorten time (tmax) to paracetamol <a href="/wiki/Cmax_(pharmacology)" title="Cmax (pharmacology)">peak blood plasma concentration</a> (Cmax), and increase Cmax. Medications slowing gastric emptying such as <a href="/wiki/Propantheline" class="mw-redirect" title="Propantheline">propantheline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a> lengthen tmax and decrease Cmax.<a href="#cite_note-pmid4694406-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid15662293-122">[120]</a> The interaction with morphine may result in patients failing to achieve the therapeutic concentration of paracetamol; the clinical significance of interactions with metoclopramide and propantheline is unclear.<a href="#cite_note-pmid15662293-122">[120]</a> There have been suspicions that <a href="/wiki/List_of_cytochrome_P450_modulators" title="List of cytochrome P450 modulators">cytochrome inducers</a> may enhance the toxic pathway of paracetamol metabolism to <a href="/wiki/NAPQI" title="NAPQI">NAPQI</a> (see <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Pharmacokinetics">Paracetamol#Pharmacokinetics</a>). By and large, these suspicions have not been confirmed.<a href="#cite_note-pmid15662293-122">[120]</a> Out of the inducers studied, the evidence of potentially increased liver toxicity in paracetamol overdose exists for <a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">phenobarbital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primidone" title="Primidone">primidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">isoniazid</a>, and possibly <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_wort" class="mw-redirect" title="St John's wort">St John's wort</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid27147854-123">[121]</a> On the other hand, the anti-tuberculosis drug <a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">isoniazid</a> cuts the formation of NAPQI by 70%.<a href="#cite_note-pmid15662293-122">[120]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ranitidine" title="Ranitidine">Ranitidine</a> increased paracetamol <a href="/wiki/Area_under_the_curve_(pharmacokinetics)" title="Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics)">area under the curve</a> (AUC) 1.6-fold. AUC increases are also observed with <a href="/wiki/Nizatidine" title="Nizatidine">nizatidine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cisapride" title="Cisapride">cisapride</a>. The effect is explained by these drugs inhibiting <a href="/wiki/Glucuronidation" title="Glucuronidation">glucuronidation</a> of paracetamol.<a href="#cite_note-pmid15662293-122">[120]</a> Paracetamol raises plasma concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">ethinylestradiol</a> by 22 % by inhibiting its sulfation.<a href="#cite_note-pmid15662293-122">[120]</a> Paracetamol increases <a href="/wiki/Prothrombin_time" title="Prothrombin time">INR</a> during <a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">warfarin</a> therapy and should be limited to no more than 2 g per week.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23736105-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid21923443-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid21191575-126">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pharmacology">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacodynamics">Pharmacodynamics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pharmacodynamics">edit</a>]</div> Paracetamol appears to exert its effects through two mechanisms: the inhibition of <a href="/wiki/Cyclooxygenase" title="Cyclooxygenase">cyclooxygenase</a> (COX) and actions of its metabolite <a href="/wiki/N-arachidonoylphenolamine" class="mw-redirect" title="N-arachidonoylphenolamine">N-arachidonoylphenolamine</a> (AM404).<a href="#cite_note-Ghanem2016-127">[125]</a> Supporting the first mechanism, pharmacologically and in its side effects, paracetamol is close to classical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that act by inhibiting <a href="/wiki/COX-1" class="mw-redirect" title="COX-1">COX-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/COX-2" class="mw-redirect" title="COX-2">COX-2</a> enzymes and especially similar to selective <a href="/wiki/COX-2_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="COX-2 inhibitor">COX-2 inhibitors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23719833-128">[126]</a> Paracetamol inhibits <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin" title="Prostaglandin">prostaglandin</a> synthesis by reducing the active form of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. This occurs only when the concentration of <a href="/wiki/Arachidonic_acid" title="Arachidonic acid">arachidonic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organic_peroxide#Biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic peroxide">peroxides</a> is low. Under these conditions, COX-2 is the predominant form of cyclooxygenase, which explains the apparent COX-2 selectivity of paracetamol. Under the conditions of inflammation, the concentration of peroxides is high, which counteracts the reducing effect of paracetamol. Accordingly, the anti-inflammatory action of paracetamol is slight.<a href="#cite_note-Ghanem2016-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid23719833-128">[126]</a> The anti-inflammatory action of paracetamol (via COX inhibition) has also been found to primarily target the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> and not peripheral areas of the body, explaining the lack of side effects associated with conventional NSAIDs such as gastric bleeding. The second mechanism centers on the paracetamol metabolite <a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM404</a>. This metabolite has been detected in the brains of animals and <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a> of humans taking paracetamol.<a href="#cite_note-Ghanem2016-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid29238213-129">[127]</a> It is formed in the brain from another paracetamol metabolite <a href="/wiki/4-aminophenol" class="mw-redirect" title="4-aminophenol">4-aminophenol</a> by action of <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid_amide_hydrolase" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatty acid amide hydrolase">fatty acid amide hydrolase</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ghanem2016-127">[125]</a> AM404 is a weak agonist of cannabinoid receptors <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabinoid receptor type 1">CB1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabinoid receptor type 2">CB2</a>, an inhibitor of <a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_transporter" title="Endocannabinoid transporter">endocannabinoid transporter</a>, and a potent activator of <a href="/wiki/TRPV1" title="TRPV1">TRPV1</a> receptor.<a href="#cite_note-Ghanem2016-127">[125]</a> This and other research indicate that the <a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system" title="Endocannabinoid system">endocannabinoid system</a> and TRPV1 may play an important role in the analgesic effect of paracetamol.<a href="#cite_note-Ghanem2016-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid33328986-130">[128]</a> In 2018, Suemaru et al. found that, in mice, paracetamol exerts an anticonvulsant effect by activation of the <a href="/wiki/TRPV1" title="TRPV1">TRPV1</a> receptors<a href="#cite_note-Suemaru2018-131">[129]</a> and a decrease in neuronal excitability by <a href="/wiki/Hyperpolarization_(biology)" title="Hyperpolarization (biology)">hyperpolarization</a> of neurons.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> The exact mechanism of the anticonvulsant effect of acetaminophen is not clear. According to Suemaru et al., acetaminophen and its active metabolite <a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM404</a> show a dose-dependent anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice.<a href="#cite_note-Suemaru2018-131">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pharmacokinetics">edit</a>]</div> After being taken by mouth, paracetamol is rapidly absorbed from the <a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">small intestine</a>, while absorption from the stomach is negligible. Thus, the rate of absorption depends on stomach emptying. Food slows the stomach emptying and absorption, but the total amount absorbed stays the same.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> In the same subjects, the peak plasma concentration of paracetamol was reached after 20 minutes when fasting versus 90 minutes when fed. High carbohydrate (but not high protein or high fat) food decreases paracetamol peak plasma concentration by four times. Even in the fasting state, the rate of absorption of paracetamol is variable and depends on the formulation, with maximum plasma concentration being reached after 20 minutes to 1.5 hours.<a href="#cite_note-pmid7039926-6">[6]</a> Paracetamol's <a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">bioavailability</a> is dose-dependent: it increases from 63 % for 500 mg dose to 89 % for 1000 mg dose.<a href="#cite_note-pmid7039926-6">[6]</a> Its plasma terminal elimination half-life is 1.9–2.5 hours,<a href="#cite_note-pmid7039926-6">[6]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volume_of_distribution" title="Volume of distribution">volume of distribution</a> is roughly 50 L.<a href="#cite_note-Graham_2013-134">[132]</a> Protein binding is negligible, except under the conditions of overdose, when it may reach 15–21 %.<a href="#cite_note-pmid7039926-6">[6]</a> The concentration in serum after a typical dose of paracetamol usually peaks below 30 μg/mL (200 μmol/L).<a href="#cite_note-rosen-135">[133]</a> After 4 hours, the concentration is usually less than 10 μg/mL (66 μmol/L).<a href="#cite_note-rosen-135">[133]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metabolism_of_paracetamol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Metabolism_of_paracetamol.png/440px-Metabolism_of_paracetamol.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Metabolism_of_paracetamol.png/660px-Metabolism_of_paracetamol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Metabolism_of_paracetamol.png/880px-Metabolism_of_paracetamol.png 2x" data-file-width="4126" data-file-height="2844" /></a><figcaption>Important pathways of paracetamol metabolism</figcaption></figure> Paracetamol is <a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">metabolized</a> primarily in the liver, mainly by <a href="/wiki/Glucuronidation" title="Glucuronidation">glucuronidation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulfation" title="Sulfation">sulfation</a>, and the products are then eliminated in the urine (see the Scheme on the right). Only 2–5 % of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine.<a href="#cite_note-pmid7039926-6">[6]</a> Glucuronidation by <a href="/wiki/UGT1A1" class="mw-redirect" title="UGT1A1">UGT1A1</a> and <a href="/wiki/UGT1A6" title="UGT1A6">UGT1A6</a> accounts for 50–70 % of the drug metabolism. Additional 25–35 % of paracetamol is converted to sulfate by sulfation enzymes <a href="/wiki/SULT1A1" title="SULT1A1">SULT1A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/SULT1A3" title="SULT1A3">SULT1A3</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SULT1E1" title="SULT1E1">SULT1E1</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23462933-136">[134]</a> A minor metabolic pathway (5–15 %) of oxidation by <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450" title="Cytochrome P450">cytochrome P450</a> enzymes, mainly by <a href="/wiki/CYP2E1" title="CYP2E1">CYP2E1</a>, forms a toxic metabolite known as <a href="/wiki/NAPQI" title="NAPQI">NAPQI</a> (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine).<a href="#cite_note-pmid23462933-136">[134]</a> NAPQI is responsible for the liver toxicity of paracetamol. At usual doses of paracetamol, NAPQI is quickly detoxified by conjugation with <a href="/wiki/Glutathione" title="Glutathione">glutathione</a>. The non-toxic conjugate APAP-GSH is taken up in the bile and further degraded to mercapturic and cysteine conjugates that are excreted in the urine. In overdose, glutathione is depleted by the large amount of formed NAPQI, and NAPQI binds to <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria">mitochondria</a> proteins of the liver cells causing <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_stress" title="Oxidative stress">oxidative stress</a> and toxicity.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23462933-136">[134]</a> Yet another minor but important direction of metabolism is deacetylation of 1–2 % of paracetamol to form <a href="/wiki/P-Aminophenol" class="mw-redirect" title="P-Aminophenol">p-aminophenol</a>. p-Aminophenol is then converted in the brain by <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid_amide_hydrolase" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatty acid amide hydrolase">fatty acid amide hydrolase</a> into <a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM404</a>, a compound that may be partially responsible for the analgesic action of paracetamol.<a href="#cite_note-Graham_2013-134">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Chemistry">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synthesis">Synthesis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Synthesis">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Classical_methods">Classical methods</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Classical methods">edit</a>]</div> The classical methods for the production of paracetamol involve the <a href="/wiki/Acetylation" title="Acetylation">acetylation</a> of <a href="/wiki/4-aminophenol" class="mw-redirect" title="4-aminophenol">4-aminophenol</a> with <a href="/wiki/Acetic_anhydride" title="Acetic anhydride">acetic anhydride</a> as the last step. They differ in how 4-aminophenol is prepared. In one method, <a href="/wiki/Nitration" title="Nitration">nitration</a> of <a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">phenol</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a> affords <a href="/wiki/4-nitrophenol" class="mw-redirect" title="4-nitrophenol">4-nitrophenol</a>, which is reduced to 4-aminophenol by <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenation" title="Hydrogenation">hydrogenation</a> over <a href="/wiki/Raney_nickel" title="Raney nickel">Raney nickel</a>. In another method, <a href="/wiki/Nitrobenzene" title="Nitrobenzene">nitrobenzene</a> is reduced <a href="/wiki/Electrolysis" title="Electrolysis">electrolytically</a> giving 4-aminophenol directly. Additionally, 4-nitrophenol can be selectively reduced by <a href="/wiki/Tin(II)_chloride" title="Tin(II) chloride">Tin(II) Chloride</a> in <a href="/wiki/Absolute_ethanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute ethanol">absolute ethanol</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ethyl_acetate" title="Ethyl acetate">ethyl acetate</a> to produce a 91 % yield of 4-aminophenol.<a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-137">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Classic_syntheses_of_paracetamol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Classic_syntheses_of_paracetamol.png/440px-Classic_syntheses_of_paracetamol.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Classic_syntheses_of_paracetamol.png/660px-Classic_syntheses_of_paracetamol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Classic_syntheses_of_paracetamol.png/880px-Classic_syntheses_of_paracetamol.png 2x" data-file-width="2254" data-file-height="1288" /></a><figcaption>Classical methods for the production of paracetamol</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Celanese_synthesis">Celanese synthesis</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Celanese synthesis">edit</a>]</div> An alternative industrial synthesis developed at <a href="/wiki/Celanese" title="Celanese">Celanese</a> involves firstly direct acylation of phenol with acetic anhydride in the presence of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">hydrogen fluoride</a> to a ketone, then the conversion of the ketone with <a href="/wiki/Hydroxylamine" title="Hydroxylamine">hydroxylamine</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Ketoxime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketoxime">ketoxime</a>, and finally the acid-catalyzed <a href="/wiki/Beckmann_rearrangement" title="Beckmann rearrangement">Beckmann rearrangement</a> of the cetoxime to the para-acetylaminophenol product.<a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-137">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celanese_method_for_the_preparation_of_paracetamol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Celanese_method_for_the_preparation_of_paracetamol.png/440px-Celanese_method_for_the_preparation_of_paracetamol.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Celanese_method_for_the_preparation_of_paracetamol.png/660px-Celanese_method_for_the_preparation_of_paracetamol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Celanese_method_for_the_preparation_of_paracetamol.png/880px-Celanese_method_for_the_preparation_of_paracetamol.png 2x" data-file-width="2338" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>Celanese method for the preparation of paracetamol</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reactions">Reactions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB_9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB_9.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB_9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB_9.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB_9.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB_9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4379" data-file-height="2919" /></a><figcaption>Paracetamol crystals (crystallized from an aqueous solution) under a microscope</figcaption></figure> 4-Aminophenol may be obtained by the amide <a href="/wiki/Hydrolysis" title="Hydrolysis">hydrolysis</a> of paracetamol. This reaction is also used to determine paracetamol in urine samples: After hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid, 4-aminophenol reacts in ammonia solution with a phenol derivate, e.g. salicylic acid, to form an <a href="/wiki/Indophenol" title="Indophenol">indophenol</a> dye under oxidization by air.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Axelrod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Axelrod.jpg/220px-Axelrod.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Axelrod.jpg/330px-Axelrod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Axelrod.jpg/440px-Axelrod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5754" data-file-height="4610" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Julius Axelrod</a> (pictured) and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Brodie_(biochemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Brodie (biochemist)">Bernard Brodie</a> demonstrated that acetanilide and phenacetin are both metabolized to paracetamol, which is a better-tolerated analgesic.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Acetanilide" title="Acetanilide">Acetanilide</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Aniline" title="Aniline">aniline</a> derivative serendipitously found to possess analgesic as well as antipyretic properties, and was quickly introduced into medical practice under the name of <a href="/wiki/Antifebrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Antifebrin">Antifebrin</a> by Cahn & Hepp in 1886.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> But its unacceptable toxic effects—the most alarming being <a href="/wiki/Cyanosis" title="Cyanosis">cyanosis</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobinemia" title="Methemoglobinemia">methemoglobinemia</a>, an increase of hemoglobin in its ferric [Fe3+] state, called <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobin" title="Methemoglobin">methemoglobin</a>, which cannot bind oxygen, and thus decreases overall carriage of oxygen to tissue—prompted the search for less toxic aniline derivatives.<a href="#cite_note-Bertolini2006rev-143">[141]</a> Some reports state that Cahn & Hepp or a French chemist called Charles Gerhardt first synthesized paracetamol in 1852.<a href="#cite_note-ourarchive.otago.ac.nz-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Roy_2011-48">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harmon_Northrop_Morse" title="Harmon Northrop Morse">Harmon Northrop Morse</a> synthesized paracetamol at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> via the reduction of <a href="/wiki/4-Nitrophenol" title="4-Nitrophenol">p-nitrophenol</a> with <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> in glacial <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a> in 1877,<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-badmed-145">[143]</a> but it was not until 1887 that clinical pharmacologist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Mering" title="Joseph von Mering">Joseph von Mering</a> tried paracetamol on humans.<a href="#cite_note-Bertolini2006rev-143">[141]</a> In 1893, von Mering published a paper reporting on the clinical results of paracetamol with <a href="/wiki/Phenacetin" title="Phenacetin">phenacetin</a>, another aniline derivative.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> Von Mering claimed that, unlike phenacetin, paracetamol had a slight tendency to produce <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobinemia" title="Methemoglobinemia">methemoglobinemia</a>. Paracetamol was then quickly discarded in favor of phenacetin. The sales of phenacetin established <a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a> as a leading pharmaceutical company.<a href="#cite_note-drugdiscov-147">[145]</a> Von Mering's claims remained essentially unchallenged for half a century, until two teams of researchers from the United States analyzed the metabolism of acetanilide and phenacetin.<a href="#cite_note-drugdiscov-147">[145]</a> In 1947, <a href="/wiki/David_Lester_(biochemist)" title="David Lester (biochemist)">David Lester</a> and Leon Greenberg found strong evidence that paracetamol was a major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and in a subsequent study they reported that large doses of paracetamol given to albino rats did not cause methemoglobinemia.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> In 1948, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Brodie_(biochemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Brodie (biochemist)">Bernard Brodie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Julius Axelrod</a> and Frederick Flinn confirmed that paracetamol was the major metabolite of acetanilide in humans, and established that it was just as efficacious an analgesic as its precursor.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> They also suggested that methemoglobinemia is produced in humans mainly by another metabolite, <a href="/wiki/Phenylhydroxylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenylhydroxylamine">phenylhydroxylamine</a>. A follow-up paper by Brodie and Axelrod in 1949 established that phenacetin was also metabolized to paracetamol.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> This led to a "rediscovery" of paracetamol.<a href="#cite_note-Bertolini2006rev-143">[141]</a> Paracetamol was first marketed in the United States in 1950 under the name Trigesic, a combination of paracetamol, aspirin, and caffeine.<a href="#cite_note-badmed-145">[143]</a> Reports in 1951 of three users stricken with the blood disease <a href="/wiki/Agranulocytosis" title="Agranulocytosis">agranulocytosis</a> led to its removal from the marketplace, and it took several years until it became clear that the disease was unconnected.<a href="#cite_note-badmed-145">[143]</a> The following year, 1952, paracetamol returned to the U.S. market as a prescription drug.<a href="#cite_note-pmid329728-153">[151]</a> In the United Kingdom, marketing of paracetamol began in 1956 by <a href="/wiki/Sterling-Winthrop_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Sterling-Winthrop Co.">Sterling-Winthrop Co.</a> as Panadol, available only by prescription, and promoted as preferable to aspirin since it was safe for children and people with ulcers.<a href="#cite_note-pmid799998-154">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-LandauAchilladelis1999-155">[153]</a> In 1963, paracetamol was added to the <a href="/wiki/British_Pharmacopoeia" title="British Pharmacopoeia">British Pharmacopoeia</a>, and has gained popularity since then as an analgesic agent with few side-effects and little interaction with other pharmaceutical agents.<a href="#cite_note-pmid799998-154">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-badmed-145">[143]</a> Concerns about paracetamol's safety delayed its widespread acceptance until the 1970s, but in the 1980s paracetamol sales exceeded those of aspirin in many countries, including the United Kingdom. This was accompanied by the commercial demise of phenacetin, blamed as the cause of <a href="/wiki/Analgesic_nephropathy" title="Analgesic nephropathy">analgesic nephropathy</a> and hematological toxicity.<a href="#cite_note-Bertolini2006rev-143">[141]</a> Available in the U.S. without a prescription since 1955<a href="#cite_note-pmid329728-153">[151]</a> (1960, according to another source<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a>), paracetamol has become a common household drug.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> In 1988, Sterling Winthrop was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Kodak">Eastman Kodak</a> which sold the over the counter drug rights to <a href="/wiki/SmithKline_Beecham" class="mw-redirect" title="SmithKline Beecham">SmithKline Beecham</a> in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> In June 2009, an FDA advisory committee recommended that new restrictions be placed on paracetamol use in the United States to help protect people from the potential toxic effects. The maximum single adult dosage would be decreased from 1000 mg to 650 mg, while combinations of paracetamol and other products would be prohibited. Committee members were particularly concerned by the fact that the then-present maximum dosages of paracetamol had been shown to produce alterations in liver function.<a href="#cite_note-WebMD-159">[157]</a> In January 2011, the FDA asked manufacturers of prescription combination products containing paracetamol to limit its amount to no more than 325 mg per tablet or capsule and began requiring manufacturers to update the labels of all prescription combination paracetamol products to warn of the potential risk of severe liver damage.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20110113-160">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_CDER-161">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Harris-163">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> Manufacturers had three years to limit the amount of paracetamol in their prescription drug products to 325 mg per dosage unit.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_CDER-161">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Harris-163">[161]</a> In November 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> revised UK dosing of liquid paracetamol for children.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> In September 2013, "Use Only as Directed", an episode of the radio program <a href="/wiki/This_American_Life" title="This American Life">This American Life</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> highlighted deaths from paracetamol overdose. This report was followed by two reports by <a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a> alleging that the "FDA has long been aware of studies showing the risks of acetaminophen. So has the maker of Tylenol, McNeil Consumer Healthcare, a division of Johnson & Johnson"<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> and "McNeil, the maker of Tylenol, ... has repeatedly opposed safety warnings, dosage restrictions and other measures meant to safeguard users of the drug."<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Society and culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming">Naming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Naming">edit</a>]</div> Paracetamol is the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Approved_Name" title="Australian Approved Name">Australian Approved Name</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Approved_Name" title="British Approved Name">British Approved Name</a><a href="#cite_note-MacintyreRowbotham2008-170">[168]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/International_nonproprietary_name" title="International nonproprietary name">international nonproprietary name</a> used by the WHO and in many other countries; acetaminophen is the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Adopted_Name" title="United States Adopted Name">United States Adopted Name</a><a href="#cite_note-MacintyreRowbotham2008-170">[168]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Accepted_Name" title="Japanese Accepted Name">Japanese Accepted Name</a> and also the name generally used in Canada,<a href="#cite_note-MacintyreRowbotham2008-170">[168]</a> Venezuela, Colombia, and Iran.<a href="#cite_note-MacintyreRowbotham2008-170">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-INN-171">[169]</a> Both paracetamol and acetaminophen are contractions of chemical names for the compound. The word "paracetamol" is a shortened form of para-acetylaminophenol,<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> and was coined by Frederick Stearns & Co in 1956,<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> while the word "acetaminophen" is a shortened form of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), which was coined and first marketed by McNeil Laboratories in 1955.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> The initialism APAP is used by dispensing pharmacists in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Available_forms">Available forms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Available forms">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol_brand_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracetamol brand names">Paracetamol brand names</a></div> Paracetamol is available in oral, suppository, and <a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">intravenous</a> forms.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> Intravenous paracetamol is sold under the brand name Ofirmev in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> In some formulations, paracetamol is combined with the <a href="/wiki/Opiate" title="Opiate">opiate</a> <a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">codeine</a>, sometimes referred to as <a href="/wiki/Co-codamol" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-codamol">co-codamol</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Approved_Name" title="British Approved Name">BAN</a>) and Panadeine in Australia. In the U.S., this combination is available only by prescription.<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> As of 1 February 2018, medications containing codeine also became prescription-only in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> Paracetamol is also combined with other opioids such as <a href="/wiki/Dihydrocodeine" title="Dihydrocodeine">dihydrocodeine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> referred to as <a href="/wiki/Co-dydramol" title="Co-dydramol">co-dydramol</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Approved_Name" title="British Approved Name">British Approved Name</a> (BAN)), <a href="/wiki/Oxycodone" title="Oxycodone">oxycodone</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone" title="Hydrocodone">hydrocodone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> Another very commonly used analgesic combination includes paracetamol in combination with <a href="/wiki/Propoxyphene_napsylate" class="mw-redirect" title="Propoxyphene napsylate">propoxyphene napsylate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> A combination of paracetamol, codeine, and the <a href="/wiki/Doxylamine" title="Doxylamine">doxylamine succinate</a> is also available.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> Paracetamol is sometimes combined with <a href="/wiki/Phenylephrine_hydrochloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenylephrine hydrochloride">phenylephrine hydrochloride</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AtkinsonStanescu2014-185">[183]</a> Sometimes a third active ingredient, such as <a href="/wiki/Ascorbic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascorbic acid">ascorbic acid</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AtkinsonStanescu2014-185">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chlorphenamine" title="Chlorphenamine">chlorpheniramine maleate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SenyuvaOzden2002-189">[187]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Guaifenesin" title="Guaifenesin">guaifenesin</a><a href="#cite_note-JaninMonnet2014-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> is added to this combination. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tylenol_rapid_release_pills.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tylenol 500 mg capsules"><img alt="Tylenol 500 mg capsules" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tylenol_rapid_release_pills.jpg/220px-Tylenol_rapid_release_pills.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tylenol_rapid_release_pills.jpg/330px-Tylenol_rapid_release_pills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tylenol_rapid_release_pills.jpg/440px-Tylenol_rapid_release_pills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tylenol_(brand)" title="Tylenol (brand)">Tylenol</a> 500 mg capsules</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Panadol.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panadol 500 mg tablets"><img alt="Panadol 500 mg tablets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Panadol.jpg/220px-Panadol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Panadol.jpg/330px-Panadol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Panadol.jpg/440px-Panadol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2148" data-file-height="1736" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panadol 500 mg tablets</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Paracetamol_substance_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="For comparison: The pure drug is a colourless crystalline powder."><img alt="For comparison: The pure drug is a colourless crystalline powder." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Paracetamol_substance_photo.jpg/220px-Paracetamol_substance_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Paracetamol_substance_photo.jpg/330px-Paracetamol_substance_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Paracetamol_substance_photo.jpg/440px-Paracetamol_substance_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="624" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">For comparison: The pure drug is a colourless crystalline powder.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Research">edit</a>]</div> Claims that paracetamol is an effective analgesic medication to treat symptoms of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> were found to be unsubstantiated.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veterinary_use">Veterinary use</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Veterinary use">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brown_tree_snake_aerial_bait_cartridges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Brown_tree_snake_aerial_bait_cartridges.jpg/220px-Brown_tree_snake_aerial_bait_cartridges.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Brown_tree_snake_aerial_bait_cartridges.jpg/330px-Brown_tree_snake_aerial_bait_cartridges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Brown_tree_snake_aerial_bait_cartridges.jpg/440px-Brown_tree_snake_aerial_bait_cartridges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Brown tree snake aerial bait cartridges consisting of dead mice with 80 mg paracetamol tablets</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cats">Cats</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Cats">edit</a>]</div> Paracetamol is extremely toxic to cats, which lack the necessary <a href="/wiki/UGT1A6" title="UGT1A6">UGT1A6</a> enzyme to detoxify it. Initial symptoms include vomiting, salivation, and discoloration of the tongue and gums. Unlike an overdose in humans, liver damage is rarely the cause of death; instead, <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobin" title="Methemoglobin">methemoglobin</a> formation and the production of <a href="/wiki/Heinz_bodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinz bodies">Heinz bodies</a> in red blood cells inhibit oxygen transport by the blood, causing <a href="/wiki/Asphyxiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Asphyxiation">asphyxiation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Methemoglobinemia" title="Methemoglobinemia">methemoglobinemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hemolytic_anemia" title="Hemolytic anemia">hemolytic anemia</a>).<a href="#cite_note-CanVetJ2003-Allen-197">[195]</a> Treatment of the toxicosis with <a href="/wiki/Acetylcysteine" title="Acetylcysteine">acetylcysteine</a> is recommended.<a href="#cite_note-Richardson_2000-198">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dogs">Dogs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Dogs">edit</a>]</div> Paracetamol has been reported to be as effective as aspirin in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in dogs.<a href="#cite_note-smallani-199">[197]</a> A paracetamol–codeine product (brand name Pardale-V)<a href="#cite_note-Pardale-200">[198]</a> licensed for use in dogs is available for purchase under supervision of a vet, pharmacist or other qualified person.<a href="#cite_note-Pardale-200">[198]</a> It should be administered to dogs only on veterinary advice and with extreme caution.<a href="#cite_note-Pardale-200">[198]</a> The main effect of toxicity in dogs is liver damage, and GI ulceration has been reported.<a href="#cite_note-Richardson_2000-198">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-VetHumToxicol1998-Villar-201">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> Acetylcysteine treatment is efficacious in dogs when administered within two hours of paracetamol ingestion.<a href="#cite_note-Richardson_2000-198">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-smallani-199">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snakes">Snakes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Snakes">edit</a>]</div> Paracetamol is lethal to snakes<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> and has been suggested as a chemical control program for the invasive <a href="/wiki/Brown_tree_snake" title="Brown tree snake">brown tree snake</a> (Boiga irregularis) in <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> Doses of 80 mg are inserted into dead mice that are scattered by helicopter<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> as lethal bait to be consumed by the snakes. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Used by the World Health Organization (WHO) </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Commonly called "acetaminophen" in the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Colombia and Venezuela </li> </ol></div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-drugs.com-internatl-1"><a href="#cite_ref-drugs.com-internatl_1-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/international/acetaminophen.html">International Drug Names</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_2-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/acetaminophen.html">"Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drugs.com&rft.atitle=Acetaminophen+Use+During+Pregnancy&rft.date=2019-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fpregnancy%2Facetaminophen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParacetamol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nctr-crs.fda.gov/fdalabel/ui/spl-summaries/criteria/343802">"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"</a>. nctr-crs.fda.gov. <a href="/wiki/FDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA">FDA</a>. 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Pharm Res. 30 (9): 2174–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11095-013-1007-6">10.1007/s11095-013-1007-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3709007">3709007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23462933">23462933</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharm+Res&rft.atitle=Metabolism+and+disposition+of+acetaminophen%3A+recent+advances+in+relation+to+hepatotoxicity+and+diagnosis&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=2174-87&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3709007%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23462933&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11095-013-1007-6&rft.aulast=McGill&rft.aufirst=MR&rft.au=Jaeschke%2C+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3709007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParacetamol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ullmann-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_137-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriderichsChristophBuschmann2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Friderichs E, Christoph T, Buschmann H (15 July 2007). 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CNN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/09/07/tylenol-loaded-mice-dropped-from-air-to-control-snakes/">the original</a> on 9 September 2010. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Tylenol-loaded+mice+dropped+from+air+to+control+snakes&rft.date=2010-09-07&rft.aulast=Lendon&rft.aufirst=B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.blogs.cnn.com%2F2010%2F09%2F07%2Ftylenol-loaded-mice-dropped-from-air-to-control-snakes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParacetamol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Richards S (1 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-scientist.com/notebook/its-raining-mice-41065">"It's Raining Mice"</a>. The Scientist. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515060208/http://the-scientist.com/2012/05/01/its-raining-mice/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scientist&rft.atitle=It%27s+Raining+Mice&rft.date=2012-05-01&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-scientist.com%2Fnotebook%2Fits-raining-mice-41065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParacetamol" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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code N02">N02A</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N02#N02B" title="ATC code N02">N02B</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opiate" title="Opiate">Opiates</a>/<a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">Codeine</a># <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codeine/aspirin" class="mw-redirect" title="Codeine/aspirin">+aspirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codeine/paracetamol" title="Codeine/paracetamol">+paracetamol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine</a># (<a href="/wiki/Morphine/naltrexone" title="Morphine/naltrexone">+naltrexone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">Opium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudanum" title="Laudanum">Laudanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paregoric" title="Paregoric">Paregoric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semisynthetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetyldihydrocodeine" title="Acetyldihydrocodeine">Acetyldihydrocodeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzylmorphine" title="Benzylmorphine">Benzylmorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine" title="Buprenorphine">Buprenorphine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine/naloxone" title="Buprenorphine/naloxone">+naloxone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butorphanol" title="Butorphanol">Butorphanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desomorphine" title="Desomorphine">Desomorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">Diamorphine (heroin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrocodeine" title="Dihydrocodeine">Dihydrocodeine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Co-dydramol" title="Co-dydramol">+paracetamol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydromorphine" title="Dihydromorphine">Dihydromorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etorphine" title="Etorphine">Etorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylmorphine" title="Ethylmorphine">Ethylmorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone" title="Hydrocodone">Hydrocodone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone/paracetamol" title="Hydrocodone/paracetamol">+paracetamol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone/ibuprofen" title="Hydrocodone/ibuprofen">+ibuprofen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone/aspirin" title="Hydrocodone/aspirin">+aspirin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromorphinol" title="Hydromorphinol">Hydromorphinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromorphone" title="Hydromorphone">Hydromorphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levorphanol" title="Levorphanol">Levorphanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metopon" title="Metopon">Metopon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalbuphine" title="Nalbuphine">Nalbuphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicocodeine" title="Nicocodeine">Nicocodeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodicodine" title="Nicodicodine">Nicodicodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomorphine" title="Nicomorphine">Nicomorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxycodone" title="Oxycodone">Oxycodone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/paracetamol" title="Oxycodone/paracetamol">+paracetamol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/aspirin" title="Oxycodone/aspirin">+aspirin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/ibuprofen" title="Oxycodone/ibuprofen">+ibuprofen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/naloxone" title="Oxycodone/naloxone">+naloxone</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxycodone/naltrexone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxycodone/naltrexone (page does not exist)">+naltrexone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymorphone" title="Oxymorphone">Oxymorphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaveretum" title="Papaveretum">Papaveretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebacon" title="Thebacon">Thebacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synthetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfentanil" title="Alfentanil">Alfentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodine" title="Prodine">Alphaprodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anileridine" title="Anileridine">Anileridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezitramide" title="Bezitramide">Bezitramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carfentanil" title="Carfentanil">Carfentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextromoramide" title="Dextromoramide">Dextromoramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextropropoxyphene" title="Dextropropoxyphene">Dextropropoxyphene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezocine" title="Dezocine">Dezocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimenoxadol" title="Dimenoxadol">Dimenoxadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipipanone" title="Dipipanone">Dipipanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethoheptazine" title="Ethoheptazine">Ethoheptazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">Fentanyl</a># (<a href="/wiki/Fentanyl/fluanisone" title="Fentanyl/fluanisone">+fluanisone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketobemidone" title="Ketobemidone">Ketobemidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofentanil" title="Lofentanil">Lofentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meptazinol" title="Meptazinol">Meptazinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">Methadone</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFEPP" title="NFEPP">NFEPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norpipanone" title="Norpipanone">Norpipanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliceridine" title="Oliceridine">Oliceridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentazocine" title="Pentazocine">Pentazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">Pethidine (meperidine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenadoxone" title="Phenadoxone">Phenadoxone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazocine" title="Phenazocine">Phenazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenoperidine" title="Phenoperidine">Phenoperidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piminodine" title="Piminodine">Piminodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piritramide" title="Piritramide">Piritramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proheptazine" title="Proheptazine">Proheptazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiram" title="Propiram">Propiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remifentanil" title="Remifentanil">Remifentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufentanil" title="Sufentanil">Sufentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapentadol" title="Tapentadol">Tapentadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilidine" title="Tilidine">Tilidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol">Tramadol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celecoxib/tramadol" title="Celecoxib/tramadol">+celecoxib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tramadol/paracetamol" title="Tramadol/paracetamol">+paracetamol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viminol" title="Viminol">Viminol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paracetamol</a>-type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetanilide" title="Acetanilide">Acetanilide</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucetin" title="Bucetin">Bucetin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butacetin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butacetin (page does not exist)">Butacetin</a>‡</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a># <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine" title="Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine">+aspirin/caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codeine/paracetamol" title="Codeine/paracetamol">+codeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone/paracetamol" title="Hydrocodone/paracetamol">+hydrocodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen/paracetamol" title="Ibuprofen/paracetamol">+ibuprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol/metoclopramide" title="Paracetamol/metoclopramide">+metoclopramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/paracetamol" title="Oxycodone/paracetamol">+oxycodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propyphenazone/paracetamol/caffeine" title="Propyphenazone/paracetamol/caffeine">+propyphenazone/caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramadol/paracetamol" title="Tramadol/paracetamol">+tramadol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parapropamol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parapropamol (page does not exist)">Parapropamol</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenacetin" title="Phenacetin">Phenacetin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propacetamol" title="Propacetamol">Propacetamol</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">NSAIDs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Propionates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benoxaprofen" title="Benoxaprofen">Benoxaprofen</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenoprofen" title="Fenoprofen">Fenoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flurbiprofen" title="Flurbiprofen">Flurbiprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a># (<a href="/wiki/Dexibuprofen" title="Dexibuprofen">Dexibuprofen</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen/paracetamol" title="Ibuprofen/paracetamol">+paracetamol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoprofen" title="Ketoprofen">Ketoprofen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dexketoprofen" title="Dexketoprofen">Dexketoprofen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxoprofen" title="Loxoprofen">Loxoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naproxen" title="Naproxen">Naproxen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaprozin" title="Oxaprozin">Oxaprozin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprofen" title="Suprofen">Suprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiaprofenic_acid" title="Tiaprofenic acid">Tiaprofenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaltoprofen" title="Zaltoprofen">Zaltoprofen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oxicams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isoxicam" title="Isoxicam">Isoxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lornoxicam" title="Lornoxicam">Lornoxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meloxicam" title="Meloxicam">Meloxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroxicam" title="Piroxicam">Piroxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenoxicam" title="Tenoxicam">Tenoxicam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acetates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acemetacin" title="Acemetacin">Acemetacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromfenac" title="Bromfenac">Bromfenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">Diclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etodolac" title="Etodolac">Etodolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indometacin" title="Indometacin">Indometacin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indometacin_farnesil" title="Indometacin farnesil">Indometacin farnesil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketorolac" title="Ketorolac">Ketorolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulindac" title="Sulindac">Sulindac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolmetin" title="Tolmetin">Tolmetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomepirac" title="Zomepirac">Zomepirac</a> ‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COX-2_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="COX-2 inhibitor">COX-2 inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celecoxib" title="Celecoxib">Celecoxib</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celecoxib/tramadol" title="Celecoxib/tramadol">+tramadol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etoricoxib" title="Etoricoxib">Etoricoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumiracoxib" title="Lumiracoxib">Lumiracoxib</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parecoxib" title="Parecoxib">Parecoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rofecoxib" title="Rofecoxib">Rofecoxib</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdecoxib" title="Valdecoxib">Valdecoxib</a> ‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fenamic_acid" title="Fenamic acid">Fenamates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefenamic_acid" title="Mefenamic acid">Mefenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">Salicylates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)</a># (<a href="/wiki/Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine" title="Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine">+paracetamol/caffeine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloxiprin" title="Aloxiprin">Aloxiprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benorilate" title="Benorilate">Benorylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbasalate_calcium" title="Carbasalate calcium">Carbasalate calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline_salicylate" class="mw-redirect" title="Choline salicylate">Choline salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflunisal" title="Diflunisal">Diflunisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipyrocetyl" title="Dipyrocetyl">Dipyrocetyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethenzamide" title="Ethenzamide">Ethenzamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guacetisal" title="Guacetisal">Guacetisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidazole_salicylate" title="Imidazole salicylate">Imidazole salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_salicylate" title="Magnesium salicylate">Magnesium salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morpholine_salicylate" title="Morpholine salicylate">Morpholine salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_salicylate" title="Potassium salicylate">Potassium salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicin" title="Salicin">Salicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylamide" title="Salicylamide">Salicylamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsalate" title="Salsalate">Salsalate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_salicylate" title="Sodium salicylate">Sodium salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintergreen" title="Wintergreen">Wintergreen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Methyl_salicylate" title="Methyl salicylate">methyl salicylate</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyrazolone" title="Pyrazolone">Pyrazolones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminophenazone" title="Aminophenazone">Aminophenazone</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampyrone" title="Ampyrone">Ampyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamizole" title="Metamizole">Metamizole (dipyrone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifenazone" title="Nifenazone">Nifenazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazone" title="Phenazone">Phenazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propyphenazone" title="Propyphenazone">Propyphenazone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Propyphenazone/paracetamol/caffeine" title="Propyphenazone/paracetamol/caffeine">+paracetamol/caffeine</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzydamine" title="Benzydamine">Benzydamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floctafenine" title="Floctafenine">Floctafenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glafenine" title="Glafenine">Glafenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabumetone" title="Nabumetone">Nabumetone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimesulide" title="Nimesulide">Nimesulide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proquazone" title="Proquazone">Proquazone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid" title="Cannabinoid">Cannabinoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabilone" title="Nabilone">Nabilone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabiximols" title="Nabiximols">Nabiximols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">Tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Channel_modulator" title="Channel modulator">Ion channel modulators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker" title="Calcium channel blocker">Calcium blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol (ethanol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentin" title="Gabapentin">Gabapentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentin_enacarbil" title="Gabapentin enacarbil">Gabapentin enacarbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leconotide" title="Leconotide">Leconotide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirogabalin" title="Mirogabalin">Mirogabalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregabalin" title="Pregabalin">Pregabalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziconotide" title="Ziconotide">Ziconotide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_channel_blocker" title="Sodium channel blocker">Sodium blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">Carbamazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacosamide" title="Lacosamide">Lacosamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_anesthetic" title="Local anesthetic">Local anesthetics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">lidocaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexiletine" title="Mexiletine">Mexiletine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefopam" title="Nefopam">Nefopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">amitriptyline</a>#)</li></ul> <ul><li>Nav1.7/1.8-selective: <a href="/wiki/DSP-2230" title="DSP-2230">DSP-2230</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funapide" title="Funapide">Funapide</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-05089771" title="PF-05089771">PF-05089771</a>§</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_opener" title="Potassium channel opener">Potassium openers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flupirtine" title="Flupirtine">Flupirtine</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muscle_relaxant" title="Muscle relaxant">Myorelaxants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carisoprodol" title="Carisoprodol">Carisoprodol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorzoxazone" title="Chlorzoxazone">Chlorzoxazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclobenzaprine" title="Cyclobenzaprine">Cyclobenzaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephenoxalone" title="Mephenoxalone">Mephenoxalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methocarbamol" title="Methocarbamol">Methocarbamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphenadrine" title="Orphenadrine">Orphenadrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analgecine" title="Analgecine">Analgecine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analgesic_adjuvant" title="Analgesic adjuvant">Analgesic adjuvant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedinvetmab" title="Bedinvetmab">Bedinvetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">Capsaicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonidine" title="Clonidine">Clonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunevetmab" title="Frunevetmab">Frunevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">Menthol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxyflurane" title="Methoxyflurane">Methoxyflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazopyridine" title="Phenazopyridine">Phenazopyridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proglumide" title="Proglumide">Proglumide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimazolium" title="Rimazolium">Rimazolium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>#<a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li>‡<a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li>§Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cannabinoid_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabinoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cannabinoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannabinoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Cannabinoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabinoid_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabinoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cannabinoid_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor" title="Cannabinoid receptor">Cannabinoid receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">Receptor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabinoid receptor type 1"><abbr title="Cannabinoid receptor type 1">CB1</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Cannabinoid receptor type 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists (abridged, <a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabinoids" title="Template:Cannabinoids">full list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonoylglycerol" title="2-Arachidonoylglycerol">2-AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonyl_glyceryl_ether" title="2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether">2-AGE (noladin ether)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Hydroxy-THC" title="11-Hydroxy-THC">11-Hydroxy-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyrin" title="Amyrin">α-Amyrin · β-Amyrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB-CHMINACA" title="AB-CHMINACA">AB-CHMINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM-1172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM-1172 (page does not exist)">AM-1172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1220" title="AM-1220">AM-1220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1221" title="AM-1221">AM-1221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1235" title="AM-1235">AM-1235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-2201" title="AM-2201">AM-2201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-2232" title="AM-2232">AM-2232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvanil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvanil (page does not exist)">Arvanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZ-11713908" title="AZ-11713908">AZ-11713908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinol" title="Cannabinol">Cannabinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CB-13" title="CB-13">CB-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_47,497" title="CP 47,497">CP 47,497</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_55,940" title="CP 55,940">CP 55,940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylheptylpyran" title="Dimethylheptylpyran">Dimethylheptylpyran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docosatetraenoylethanolamide" title="Docosatetraenoylethanolamide">DEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin_gallate" title="Epicatechin gallate">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigallocatechin_gallate" title="Epigallocatechin gallate">EGCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">Epicatechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallocatechol" title="Gallocatechol">Gallocatechol (gallocatechin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honokiol" title="Honokiol">Honokiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HU-210" title="HU-210">HU-210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-007" title="JWH-007">JWH-007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-015" title="JWH-015">JWH-015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-018" title="JWH-018">JWH-018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-073" title="JWH-073">JWH-073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavain" title="Kavain">Kavain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-759,633" title="L-759,633">L-759,633</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levonantradol" title="Levonantradol">Levonantradol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menabitan" title="Menabitan">Menabitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabilone" title="Nabilone">Nabilone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabitan" title="Nabitan">Nabitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine" title="N-Arachidonoyl dopamine">NADA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1812" title="O-1812">O-1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleamide" title="Oleamide">Oleamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravadoline" title="Pravadoline">Pravadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serinolamide_A" title="Serinolamide A">Serinolamide A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC (dronabinol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-144" title="UR-144">UR-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_55,212-2" title="WIN 55,212-2">WIN 55,212-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangonin" title="Yangonin">Yangonin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inverse agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM-251_(drug)" title="AM-251 (drug)">AM-251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INV-202" class="mw-redirect" title="INV-202">INV-202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monlunabant" title="Monlunabant">Monlunabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimonabant" title="Rimonabant">Rimonabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinabant" title="Surinabant">Surinabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranabant" title="Taranabant">Taranabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TM-38837" title="TM-38837">TM-38837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zevaquenabant" title="Zevaquenabant">Zevaquenabant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM-6545" title="AM-6545">AM-6545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerol" title="Cannabigerol">Cannabigerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinabant" title="Drinabant">Drinabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcarinol" title="Falcarinol">Falcarinol (carotatoxin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemopressin" title="Hemopressin">Hemopressin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibipinabant" title="Ibipinabant">Ibipinabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-320,135" title="LY-320,135">LY-320,135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK-9470" title="MK-9470">MK-9470</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NESS-0327" title="NESS-0327">NESS-0327</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-2050" title="O-2050">O-2050</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otenabant" title="Otenabant">Otenabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-514273" title="PF-514273">PF-514273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PipISB" title="PipISB">PipISB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosonabant" title="Rosonabant">Rosonabant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selonabant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selonabant (page does not exist)">Selonabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabivarin" title="Tetrahydrocannabivarin">THCV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCHSR" title="VCHSR">VCHSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virodhamine" title="Virodhamine">Virodhamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabinoid receptor type 2"><abbr title="Cannabinoid receptor type 2">CB2</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Cannabinoid receptor type 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonoylglycerol" title="2-Arachidonoylglycerol">2-AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonyl_glyceryl_ether" title="2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether">2-AGE (noladin ether)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,3%27-Diindolylmethane" title="3,3'-Diindolylmethane">3,3'-Diindolylmethane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-O-Methylhonokiol" title="4-O-Methylhonokiol">4-O-Methylhonokiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyrin" title="Amyrin">α-Amyrin · β-Amyrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-796,260" title="A-796,260">A-796,260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-834,735" title="A-834,735">A-834,735</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-836,339" title="A-836,339">A-836,339</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM-1172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM-1172 (page does not exist)">AM-1172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1221" title="AM-1221">AM-1221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1235" title="AM-1235">AM-1235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1241" title="AM-1241">AM-1241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-2232" title="AM-2232">AM-2232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZ-11713908" title="AZ-11713908">AZ-11713908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinol" title="Cannabinol">Cannabinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllene" title="Caryophyllene">Caryophyllene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CB-13" title="CB-13">CB-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS-0550" title="CBS-0550">CBS-0550</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_55,940" title="CP 55,940">CP 55,940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW-405,833" title="GW-405,833">GW-405,833 (L-768,242)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW-842,166X" title="GW-842,166X">GW-842,166X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HU-308" class="mw-redirect" title="HU-308">HU-308</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTE_7-31" title="JTE 7-31">JTE 7-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-007" title="JWH-007">JWH-007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-015" title="JWH-015">JWH-015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-018" title="JWH-018">JWH-018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-73&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-73 (page does not exist)">JWH-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-133" title="JWH-133">JWH-133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-759,633" title="L-759,633">L-759,633</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-759,656" title="L-759,656">L-759,656</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenabasum" title="Lenabasum">Lenabasum (anabasum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnolol" title="Magnolol">Magnolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDA-19" title="MDA-19">MDA-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabitan" title="Nabitan">Nabitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine" title="N-Arachidonoyl dopamine">NADA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olorinab" title="Olorinab">Olorinab (APD-371)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-03550096" title="PF-03550096">PF-03550096</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-444,823" title="S-444,823">S-444,823</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SER-601" title="SER-601">SER-601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serinolamide_A" title="Serinolamide A">Serinolamide A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-144" title="UR-144">UR-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedalinab" title="Tedalinab">Tedalinab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC (dronabinol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabivarin" title="Tetrahydrocannabivarin">THCV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahydromagnolol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahydromagnolol (page does not exist)">Tetrahydromagnolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virodhamine" title="Virodhamine">Virodhamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-O-Methylhonokiol" title="4-O-Methylhonokiol">4-O-Methylhonokiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-630" title="AM-630">AM-630</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BML-190" title="BML-190">BML-190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honokiol" title="Honokiol">Honokiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTE-907" title="JTE-907">JTE-907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SR-144,528" title="SR-144,528">SR-144,528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_54,461" title="WIN 54,461">WIN 54,461</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_56,098" title="WIN 56,098">WIN 56,098</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/NAGly_receptor" title="NAGly receptor"><abbr title="N-Arachidonyl glycine receptor">NAGly</abbr> (<abbr title="G protein-coupled receptor 18">GPR18</abbr>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_cannabidiol" title="Abnormal cannabidiol">Abnormal cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonylcyclopropylamide" title="Arachidonylcyclopropylamide">ACPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-251_(drug)" title="AM-251 (drug)">AM251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonylglycine" title="N-Arachidonylglycine">NADGly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC (dronabinol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1602" title="O-1602">O-1602</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PSB-CB5" title="PSB-CB5">PSB-CB5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1918" title="O-1918">O-1918</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><abbr title="G protein-coupled receptor 55"><a href="/wiki/GPR55" title="GPR55">GPR55</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonyl_glyceryl_ether" title="2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether">2-AGE (noladin ether)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Arachidonoyl_lysophosphatidylinositol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidylinositol (page does not exist)">2-ALPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_cannabidiol" title="Abnormal cannabidiol">Abnormal cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-251_(drug)" title="AM-251 (drug)">AM-251</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CID1011163&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CID1011163 (page does not exist)">CID1011163</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CID1252842&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CID1252842 (page does not exist)">CID1252842</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CID1792579&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CID1792579 (page does not exist)">CID1792579</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_55,940" title="CP 55,940">CP 55,940</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK-494581A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK-494581A (page does not exist)">GSK-494581A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidylinositol" title="Lysophosphatidylinositol">Lysophosphatidylinositol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-184&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-184 (page does not exist)">ML-184</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-185&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-185 (page does not exist)">ML-185</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-186&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-186 (page does not exist)">ML-186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1602" title="O-1602">O-1602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleoylethanolamide" title="Oleoylethanolamide">Oleoylethanolamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmitoylethanolamide" title="Palmitoylethanolamide">Palmitoylethanolamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC (dronabinol)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CID-16020046" class="mw-redirect" title="CID-16020046">CID-16020046</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-191&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-191 (page does not exist)">ML-191</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-192&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-192 (page does not exist)">ML-192</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-193&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-193 (page does not exist)">ML-193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1918" title="O-1918">O-1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSB-SB-487" title="PSB-SB-487">PSB-SB-487</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSB-SB-1202" title="PSB-SB-1202">PSB-SB-1202</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-SB-1203&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-SB-1203 (page does not exist)">PSB-SB-1203</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahydromagnolol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahydromagnolol (page does not exist)">Tetrahydromagnolol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><abbr title="G protein-coupled receptor 119"><a href="/wiki/GPR119" title="GPR119">GPR119</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Agonists" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Oleoylglycerol" title="2-Oleoylglycerol">2-Oleoylglycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APD668&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APD668 (page does not exist)">APD668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AR-231,453" title="AR-231,453">AR-231,453</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AS-1269574&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AS-1269574 (page does not exist)">AS-1269574</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MBX-2982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MBX-2982 (page does not exist)">MBX-2982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Oleoyldopamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Oleoyldopamine (page does not exist)">N-Oleoyldopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleoylethanolamide" title="Oleoylethanolamide">Oleoylethanolamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olvanil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olvanil (page does not exist)">Olvanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSN-375,963" title="PSN-375,963">PSN-375,963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSN-632,408" title="PSN-632,408">PSN-632,408</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_transporter" title="Endocannabinoid transporter">Transporter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reuptake_modulator" title="Reuptake modulator">modulators</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="eCBTsTooltip_Endocannabinoid_transporter" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_transporter" title="Endocannabinoid transporter"><abbr title="Endocannabinoid transporter">eCBTs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Endocannabinoid transporter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/w/index.php?title=5%27-DMH-CBD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5'-DMH-CBD (page does not exist)">5'-DMH-CBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM-404</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM-1172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM-1172 (page does not exist)">AM-1172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonoyl_serotonin" title="Arachidonoyl serotonin">Arachidonoyl serotonin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvanil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvanil (page does not exist)">Arvanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guineesine" title="Guineesine">Guineensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-2183240" title="LY-2183240">LY-2183240</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2093&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2093 (page does not exist)">O-2093</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OMDM-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OMDM-2 (page does not exist)">OMDM-2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SB-FI-26&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SB-FI-26 (page does not exist)">SB-FI-26</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UCM-707&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UCM-707 (page does not exist)">UCM-707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URB597" class="mw-redirect" title="URB597">URB-597</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDM-11" title="VDM-11">VDM-11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WOBE490&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WOBE490 (page does not exist)">WOBE490</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WOBE491&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WOBE491 (page does not exist)">WOBE491</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WOBE492&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WOBE492 (page does not exist)">WOBE492</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_modulator" title="Enzyme modulator">modulators</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid_amide_hydrolase" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatty acid amide hydrolase"><abbr title="Fatty acid amide hydrolase">FAAH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Fatty acid amide hydrolase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/4-Nonylphenylboronic_acid" title="4-Nonylphenylboronic acid">4-Nonylphenylboronic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonyl_trifluoromethyl_ketone" title="Arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone">AACOCF3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM-404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonoyl_serotonin" title="Arachidonoyl serotonin">Arachidonoyl serotonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIA_10-2474" title="BIA 10-2474">BIA 10-2474</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biochanin_A" title="Biochanin A">Biochanin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDFP" title="IDFP">IDFP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JNJ-1661010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JNJ-1661010 (page does not exist)">JNJ-1661010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-42165279" title="JNJ-42165279">JNJ-42165279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JZL195" title="JZL195">JZL-195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferol" title="Kaempferol">Kaempferol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-2183240" title="LY-2183240">LY-2183240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy_arachidonyl_fluorophosphonate" title="Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate">MAFP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmitoylisopropylamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmitoylisopropylamide (page does not exist)">Palmitoylisopropylamide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-3845" title="PF-3845">PF-3845</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-750&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-750 (page does not exist)">PF-750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redafamdastat" title="Redafamdastat">Redafamdastat (JZP-150, PF-04457845)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SA-47&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SA-47 (page does not exist)">SA-47</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SA-57&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SA-57 (page does not exist)">SA-57</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TAK_21d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TAK 21d (page does not exist)">TAK 21d</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TC-F_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TC-F 2 (page does not exist)">TC-F 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UCM710&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UCM710 (page does not exist)">UCM710</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URB597" class="mw-redirect" title="URB597">URB-597</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Activators: <a href="/w/index.php?title=PDP-EA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDP-EA (page does not exist)">PDP-EA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Monoacylglycerol_lipase" title="Monoacylglycerol lipase">MAGL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABX-1431&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABX-1431 (page does not exist)">ABX-1431</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDFP" title="IDFP">IDFP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JJKK_048&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JJKK 048 (page does not exist)">JJKK 048</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JW_642&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JW 642 (page does not exist)">JW 642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JZL184" title="JZL184">JZL-184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JZL195" title="JZL195">JZL-195</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JZP-361&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JZP-361 (page does not exist)">JZP-361</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KML_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KML 29 (page does not exist)">KML 29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy_arachidonyl_fluorophosphonate" title="Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate">MAFP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MJN110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MJN110 (page does not exist)">MJN110</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Arachidonoylmaleimide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Arachidonoylmaleimide (page does not exist)">NAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pristimerin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pristimerin (page does not exist)">Pristimerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URB602" title="URB602">URB-602</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><abbr title="alpha/beta-Hydrolase domain containing 6"><a href="/wiki/ABHD6" title="ABHD6">ABHD6</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/w/index.php?title=JZP-169&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JZP-169 (page does not exist)">JZP-169</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JZP-430&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JZP-430 (page does not exist)">JZP-430</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KT182&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KT182 (page does not exist)">KT182</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KT185&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KT185 (page does not exist)">KT185</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KT195&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KT195 (page does not exist)">KT195</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KT203&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KT203 (page does not exist)">KT203</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEI-106&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LEI-106 (page does not exist)">LEI-106</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML294 (page does not exist)">ML294</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML295&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML295 (page does not exist)">ML295</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML296&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML296 (page does not exist)">ML296</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UCM710&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UCM710 (page does not exist)">UCM710</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WWL-70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WWL-70 (page does not exist)">WWL-70</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><abbr title="alpha/beta-Hydrolase domain containing 12"><a href="/wiki/ABHD12" title="ABHD12">ABHD12</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/Betulinic_acid" title="Betulinic acid">Betulinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslinic_acid" title="Maslinic acid">Maslinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy_arachidonyl_fluorophosphonate" title="Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate">MAFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleanolic_acid" title="Oleanolic acid">Oleanolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlistat" title="Orlistat">Orlistat (tetrahydrolipstatin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursolic_acid" title="Ursolic acid">Ursolic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Precursors: <a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylethanolamine" title="Phosphatidylethanolamine">Phosphatidylethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine" title="N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine">NAPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglyceride" title="Diglyceride">Diacylglycerol</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Others: <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Palmitoylglycerol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Palmitoylglycerol (page does not exist)">2-PG</a> (directly potentiates activity of 2-AG at CB1 receptor)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ARN-272&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARN-272 (page does not exist)">ARN-272</a> (FAAH-like anandamide transporter inhibitor)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd> <a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabinoids" title="Template:Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a> (cannabinoids by structure)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prostanoid_signaling_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prostanoid_signaling_modulators" title="Template:Prostanoid signaling modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prostanoid_signaling_modulators" title="Template talk:Prostanoid signaling modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prostanoid_signaling_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prostanoid signaling modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prostanoid_signaling_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prostanoid" title="Prostanoid">Prostanoid</a> <a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">signaling</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">Receptor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2_receptor" title="Prostaglandin D2 receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin D2 receptor">DP (D2)</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2_receptor_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1"><abbr title="Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1">DP1</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2" title="Prostaglandin D2">Prostaglandin D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treprostinil" title="Treprostinil">Treprostinil</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asapiprant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asapiprant (page does not exist)">Asapiprant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laropiprant" title="Laropiprant">Laropiprant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidupiprant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidupiprant (page does not exist)">Vidupiprant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2_receptor_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2"><abbr title="Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2">DP2</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/wiki/Indometacin" title="Indometacin">Indometacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2" title="Prostaglandin D2">Prostaglandin D2</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ADC-3680&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ADC-3680 (page does not exist)">ADC-3680</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-1981&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-1981 (page does not exist)">AZD-1981</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay_U3405&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bay U3405 (page does not exist)">Bay U3405</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fevipiprant" title="Fevipiprant">Fevipiprant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MK-1029&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MK-1029 (page does not exist)">MK-1029</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MK-7246&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MK-7246 (page does not exist)">MK-7246</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=QAV-680&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QAV-680 (page does not exist)">QAV-680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramatroban" title="Ramatroban">Ramatroban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setipiprant" title="Setipiprant">Setipiprant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timapiprant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timapiprant (page does not exist)">Timapiprant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TM30089&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TM30089 (page does not exist)">TM30089</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidupiprant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidupiprant (page does not exist)">Vidupiprant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2_receptor" title="Prostaglandin E2 receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin E2 receptor">EP (E2)</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin E2 receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_EP1_receptor" title="Prostaglandin EP1 receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin EP1 receptor">EP1</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin EP1 receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/wiki/Beraprost" title="Beraprost">Beraprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enprostil" title="Enprostil">Enprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloprost" title="Iloprost">Iloprost (ciloprost)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latanoprost" title="Latanoprost">Latanoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubiprostone" title="Lubiprostone">Lubiprostone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misoprostol" title="Misoprostol">Misoprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E1" title="Prostaglandin E1">Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2" title="Prostaglandin E2">Prostaglandin E2 (dinoprostone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulprostone" title="Sulprostone">Sulprostone</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=AH-6809&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AH-6809 (page does not exist)">AH-6809</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-8130&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-8130 (page does not exist)">ONO-8130</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-19220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-19220 (page does not exist)">SC-19220</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-51089&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-51089 (page does not exist)">SC-51089</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-51322&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-51322 (page does not exist)">SC-51322</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_EP2_receptor" title="Prostaglandin EP2 receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin EP2 receptor">EP2</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin EP2 receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butaprost (page does not exist)">Butaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misoprostol" title="Misoprostol">Misoprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E1" title="Prostaglandin E1">Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2" title="Prostaglandin E2">Prostaglandin E2 (dinoprostone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treprostinil" title="Treprostinil">Treprostinil</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=AH-6809&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AH-6809 (page does not exist)">AH-6809</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-04418948&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-04418948 (page does not exist)">PF-04418948</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TG_4-155&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TG 4-155 (page does not exist)">TG 4-155</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_EP3_receptor" title="Prostaglandin EP3 receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin EP3 receptor">EP3</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin EP3 receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/wiki/Beraprost" title="Beraprost">Beraprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbacyclin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbacyclin (page does not exist)">Carbacyclin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cicaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cicaprost (page does not exist)">Cicaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enprostil" title="Enprostil">Enprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloprost" title="Iloprost">Iloprost (ciloprost)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isocarbacyclin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isocarbacyclin (page does not exist)">Isocarbacyclin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latanoprost" title="Latanoprost">Latanoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misoprostol" title="Misoprostol">Misoprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2" title="Prostaglandin D2">Prostaglandin D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E1" title="Prostaglandin E1">Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2" title="Prostaglandin E2">Prostaglandin E2 (dinoprostone)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remiprostol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remiprostol (page does not exist)">Remiprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricinoleic_acid" title="Ricinoleic acid">Ricinoleic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulprostone" title="Sulprostone">Sulprostone</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=L-798106&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-798106 (page does not exist)">L-798106</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_EP4_receptor" title="Prostaglandin EP4 receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin EP4 receptor">EP4</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin EP4 receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/wiki/Lubiprostone" title="Lubiprostone">Lubiprostone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misoprostol" title="Misoprostol">Misoprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E1" title="Prostaglandin E1">Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2" title="Prostaglandin E2">Prostaglandin E2 (dinoprostone)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TCS-2510&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TCS-2510 (page does not exist)">TCS-2510</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/wiki/Grapiprant" title="Grapiprant">Grapiprant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GW-627368&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GW-627368 (page does not exist)">GW-627368</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-161982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-161982 (page does not exist)">L-161982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-AE3-208&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-AE3-208 (page does not exist)">ONO-AE3-208</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=16,16-Dimethyl_Prostaglandin_E2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 (page does not exist)">16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aganepag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aganepag (page does not exist)">Aganepag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboprost" title="Carboprost">Carboprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evatanepag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evatanepag (page does not exist)">Evatanepag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeprost" title="Gemeprost">Gemeprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nocloprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nocloprost (page does not exist)">Nocloprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omidenepag" title="Omidenepag">Omidenepag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_F2%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostaglandin F2α">Prostaglandin F2α (dinoprost)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simenepag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simenepag (page does not exist)">Simenepag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taprenepag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taprenepag (page does not exist)">Taprenepag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_F_receptor" title="Prostaglandin F receptor"><abbr title="Prostaglandin F receptor">FP (F2α)</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin F receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/wiki/Alfaprostol" title="Alfaprostol">Alfaprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimatoprost" title="Bimatoprost">Bimatoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboprost" title="Carboprost">Carboprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloprostenol" title="Cloprostenol">Cloprostenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enprostil" title="Enprostil">Enprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluprostenol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluprostenol (page does not exist)">Fluprostenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latanoprost" title="Latanoprost">Latanoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2" title="Prostaglandin D2">Prostaglandin D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_F2%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostaglandin F2α">Prostaglandin F2α (dinoprost)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulotroban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulotroban (page does not exist)">Sulotroban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafluprost" title="Tafluprost">Tafluprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travoprost" title="Travoprost">Travoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unoprostone" title="Unoprostone">Unoprostone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin_receptor" title="Prostacyclin receptor"><abbr title="Prostacyclin receptor">IP (I2)</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostacyclin receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ACT-333679&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACT-333679 (page does not exist)">ACT-333679</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AFP-07&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AFP-07 (page does not exist)">AFP-07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beraprost" title="Beraprost">Beraprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMY-45778&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMY-45778 (page does not exist)">BMY-45778</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbacyclin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbacyclin (page does not exist)">Carbacyclin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cicaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cicaprost (page does not exist)">Cicaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloprost" title="Iloprost">Iloprost (ciloprost)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isocarbacyclin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isocarbacyclin (page does not exist)">Isocarbacyclin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRE-269&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRE-269 (page does not exist)">MRE-269</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NS-304&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NS-304 (page does not exist)">NS-304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin" title="Prostacyclin">Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, epoprostenol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E1" title="Prostaglandin E1">Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralinepag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralinepag (page does not exist)">Ralinepag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selexipag" title="Selexipag">Selexipag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taprostene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taprostene (page does not exist)">Taprostene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TRA-418&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRA-418 (page does not exist)">TRA-418</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treprostinil" title="Treprostinil">Treprostinil</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=RO1138452&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RO1138452 (page does not exist)">RO1138452</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_receptor" title="Thromboxane receptor"><abbr title="Thromboxane receptor">TP (TXA2)</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Thromboxane receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbocyclic_thromboxane_A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (page does not exist)">Carbocyclic thromboxane A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=I-BOP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I-BOP (page does not exist)">I-BOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_A2" title="Thromboxane A2">Thromboxane A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-46619" class="mw-redirect" title="U-46619">U-46619</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vapiprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vapiprost (page does not exist)">Vapiprost</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/wiki/12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid" title="12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid">12-HETE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13-APA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13-APA (page does not exist)">13-APA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AA-2414&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AA-2414 (page does not exist)">AA-2414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argatroban" title="Argatroban">Argatroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay_U3405&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bay U3405 (page does not exist)">Bay U3405</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-180,291&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-180,291 (page does not exist)">BMS-180,291</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daltroban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daltroban (page does not exist)">Daltroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domitroban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domitroban (page does not exist)">Domitroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EP-045&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EP-045 (page does not exist)">EP-045</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GR-32191&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GR-32191 (page does not exist)">GR-32191</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICI-185282&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICI-185282 (page does not exist)">ICI-185282</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICI-192605&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICI-192605 (page does not exist)">ICI-192605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifetroban" title="Ifetroban">Ifetroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imitrodast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imitrodast (page does not exist)">Imitrodast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-655240&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-655240 (page does not exist)">L-655240</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-670596&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-670596 (page does not exist)">L-670596</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linotroban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linotroban (page does not exist)">Linotroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mipitroban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mipitroban (page does not exist)">Mipitroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-3708&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-3708 (page does not exist)">ONO-3708</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-11120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-11120 (page does not exist)">ONO-11120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picotamide" title="Picotamide">Picotamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinane_thromboxane_A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinane thromboxane A2 (page does not exist)">Pinane thromboxane A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramatroban" title="Ramatroban">Ramatroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ridogrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ridogrel (page does not exist)">Ridogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-145&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-145 (page does not exist)">S-145</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samixogrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samixogrel (page does not exist)">Samixogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seratrodast" title="Seratrodast">Seratrodast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQ-28,668&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SQ-28,668 (page does not exist)">SQ-28,668</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQ-29,548&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SQ-29,548 (page does not exist)">SQ-29,548</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulotroban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulotroban (page does not exist)">Sulotroban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbogrel" title="Terbogrel">Terbogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terutroban" title="Terutroban">Terutroban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TRA-418&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRA-418 (page does not exist)">TRA-418</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbaprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbaprostil (page does not exist)">Arbaprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ataprost (page does not exist)">Ataprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciprostene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciprostene (page does not exist)">Ciprostene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clinprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clinprost (page does not exist)">Clinprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobiprostone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobiprostone (page does not exist)">Cobiprostone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delprostenate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delprostenate (page does not exist)">Delprostenate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deprostil (page does not exist)">Deprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimoxaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimoxaprost (page does not exist)">Dimoxaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doxaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doxaprost (page does not exist)">Doxaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecraprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecraprost (page does not exist)">Ecraprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eganoprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eganoprost (page does not exist)">Eganoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enisoprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enisoprost (page does not exist)">Enisoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eptaloprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eptaloprost (page does not exist)">Eptaloprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esuberaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esuberaprost (page does not exist)">Esuberaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiproston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiproston (page does not exist)">Etiproston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenprostalene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenprostalene (page does not exist)">Fenprostalene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flunoprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flunoprost (page does not exist)">Flunoprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Froxiprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Froxiprost (page does not exist)">Froxiprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanproston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanproston (page does not exist)">Lanproston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limaprost (page does not exist)">Limaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luprostiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luprostiol (page does not exist)">Luprostiol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteneprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteneprost (page does not exist)">Meteneprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mexiprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mexiprostil (page does not exist)">Mexiprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naxaprostene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naxaprostene (page does not exist)">Naxaprostene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nileprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nileprost (page does not exist)">Nileprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nocloprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nocloprost (page does not exist)">Nocloprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ornoprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ornoprostil (page does not exist)">Ornoprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxoprostol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxoprostol (page does not exist)">Oxoprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penprostene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penprostene (page does not exist)">Penprostene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pimilprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pimilprost (page does not exist)">Pimilprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piriprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piriprost (page does not exist)">Piriprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posaraprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Posaraprost (page does not exist)">Posaraprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostalene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostalene (page does not exist)">Prostalene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rioprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rioprostil (page does not exist)">Rioprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rivenprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rivenprost (page does not exist)">Rivenprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaprostol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosaprostol (page does not exist)">Rosaprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiriprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spiriprostil (page does not exist)">Spiriprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiaprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiaprost (page does not exist)">Tiaprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilsuprost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tilsuprost (page does not exist)">Tilsuprost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiprostanide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiprostanide (page does not exist)">Tiprostanide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trimoprostil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trimoprostil (page does not exist)">Trimoprostil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viprostol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viprostol (page does not exist)">Viprostol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitors</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cyclooxygenase" title="Cyclooxygenase"><abbr title="Cyclooxygenase">COX</abbr> (<abbr title="prostaglandin G/H synthase">PTGS</abbr>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Salicylic acids: <a href="/wiki/Aloxiprin" title="Aloxiprin">Aloxiprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benorilate" title="Benorilate">Benorilate (benorylate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbasalate_calcium" title="Carbasalate calcium">Carbasalate calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflunisal" title="Diflunisal">Diflunisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipyrocetyl" title="Dipyrocetyl">Dipyrocetyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethenzamide" title="Ethenzamide">Ethenzamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guacetisal" title="Guacetisal">Guacetisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_salicylate" title="Magnesium salicylate">Magnesium salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesalazine" title="Mesalazine">Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_salicylate" title="Methyl salicylate">Methyl salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salacetamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salacetamide (page does not exist)">Salacetamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicin" title="Salicin">Salicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylamide" title="Salicylamide">Salicylamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylate" class="mw-redirect" title="Salicylate">Salicylate (salicylic acid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsalate" title="Salsalate">Salsalate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_salicylate" title="Sodium salicylate">Sodium salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triflusal" title="Triflusal">Triflusal</a>; Acetic acids: <a href="/wiki/Aceclofenac" title="Aceclofenac">Aceclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acemetacin" title="Acemetacin">Acemetacin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aclofenac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aclofenac (page does not exist)">Aclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfenac" title="Amfenac">Amfenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alclofenac" title="Alclofenac">Alclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendazac" title="Bendazac">Bendazac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromfenac" title="Bromfenac">Bromfenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bufexamac" title="Bufexamac">Bufexamac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumadizone" title="Bumadizone">Bumadizone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinmetacin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinmetacin (page does not exist)">Cinmetacin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clometacin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clometacin (page does not exist)">Clometacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">Diclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difenpiramide" title="Difenpiramide">Difenpiramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etodolac" title="Etodolac">Etodolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felbinac" title="Felbinac">Felbinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenclofenac" title="Fenclofenac">Fenclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentiazac" title="Fentiazac">Fentiazac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucametacin" title="Glucametacin">Glucametacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indometacin" title="Indometacin">Indometacin (indomethacin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indometacin_farnesil" title="Indometacin farnesil">Indometacin farnesil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketorolac" title="Ketorolac">Ketorolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonazolac" title="Lonazolac">Lonazolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofezolac" title="Mofezolac">Mofezolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabumetone" title="Nabumetone">Nabumetone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxametacin" title="Oxametacin">Oxametacin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxindanac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxindanac (page does not exist)">Oxindanac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proglumetacin" title="Proglumetacin">Proglumetacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulindac" title="Sulindac">Sulindac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulindac_sulfide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulindac sulfide (page does not exist)">Sulindac sulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolmetin" title="Tolmetin">Tolmetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zidometacin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zidometacin (page does not exist)">Zidometacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomepirac" title="Zomepirac">Zomepirac</a>; Propionic acids: <a href="/wiki/Alminoprofen" title="Alminoprofen">Alminoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoxaprofen" title="Benoxaprofen">Benoxaprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucloxic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bucloxic acid (page does not exist)">Bucloxic acid (blucloxate)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butibufen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butibufen (page does not exist)">Butibufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carprofen" title="Carprofen">Carprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexibuprofen" title="Dexibuprofen">Dexibuprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexindoprofen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dexindoprofen (page does not exist)">Dexindoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexketoprofen" title="Dexketoprofen">Dexketoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenbufen" title="Fenbufen">Fenbufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenoprofen" title="Fenoprofen">Fenoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunoxaprofen" title="Flunoxaprofen">Flunoxaprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flurbiprofen" title="Flurbiprofen">Flurbiprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuproxam" title="Ibuproxam">Ibuproxam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoprofen" title="Indoprofen">Indoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoprofen" title="Ketoprofen">Ketoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxoprofen" title="Loxoprofen">Loxoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miroprofen" title="Miroprofen">Miroprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naproxen" title="Naproxen">Naproxen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naproxcinod" title="Naproxcinod">Naproxcinod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaprozin" title="Oxaprozin">Oxaprozin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirprofen" title="Pirprofen">Pirprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranoprofen" title="Pranoprofen">Pranoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprofen" title="Suprofen">Suprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarenflurbil" title="Tarenflurbil">Tarenflurbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepoxalin" title="Tepoxalin">Tepoxalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiaprofenic_acid" title="Tiaprofenic acid">Tiaprofenic acid (tiaprofenate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaprofen" title="Vedaprofen">Vedaprofen</a>; Anthranilic acids (fenamic acids): <a href="/wiki/Etofenamate" title="Etofenamate">Etofenamic acid (etofenamate)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floctafenic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floctafenic acid (page does not exist)">Floctafenic acid (floctafenate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid (flufenamate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid (meclofenamate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefenamic_acid" title="Mefenamic acid">Mefenamic acid (mefenamate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morniflumate" title="Morniflumate">Morniflumic acid (morniflumate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid (niflumate)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talinflumic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talinflumic acid (page does not exist)">Talinflumic acid (talinflumate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid (tolfenamate)</a>; Pyrazolones: <a href="/wiki/Azapropazone" title="Azapropazone">Azapropazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipyrone" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipyrone">Dipyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopyrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Isopyrin">Isopyrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyphenbutazone" title="Oxyphenbutazone">Oxyphenbutazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylbutazone" title="Phenylbutazone">Phenylbutazone</a>; Enolic acids (oxicams): <a href="/wiki/Ampiroxicam" title="Ampiroxicam">Ampiroxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droxicam" title="Droxicam">Droxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enolicam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enolicam (page does not exist)">Enolicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoxicam" title="Isoxicam">Isoxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lornoxicam" title="Lornoxicam">Lornoxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meloxicam" title="Meloxicam">Meloxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroxicam" title="Piroxicam">Piroxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenoxicam" title="Tenoxicam">Tenoxicam</a>; 4-Aminoquinolines: <a href="/wiki/Antrafenine" title="Antrafenine">Antrafenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floctafenine" title="Floctafenine">Floctafenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glafenine" title="Glafenine">Glafenine</a>; Quinazolines: <a href="/wiki/Fluproquazone" title="Fluproquazone">Fluproquazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proquazone" title="Proquazone">Proquazone</a>; Aminonicotinic acids: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clonixeril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clonixeril (page does not exist)">Clonixeril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonixin" title="Clonixin">Clonixin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunixin" title="Flunixin">Flunixin</a>; Sulfonanilides: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flosulide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flosulide (page does not exist)">Flosulide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimesulide" title="Nimesulide">Nimesulide</a>; Aminophenols (anilines): <a href="/wiki/Acetanilide" title="Acetanilide">Acetanilide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM-404 (N-arachidonoylaminophenol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucetin" title="Bucetin">Bucetin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parapropamol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parapropamol (page does not exist)">Parapropamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenacetin" title="Phenacetin">Phenacetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propacetamol" title="Propacetamol">Propacetamol</a>; Selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs): <a href="/wiki/Apricoxib" title="Apricoxib">Apricoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celecoxib" title="Celecoxib">Celecoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimicoxib" title="Cimicoxib">Cimicoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deracoxib" title="Deracoxib">Deracoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etoricoxib" title="Etoricoxib">Etoricoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firocoxib" title="Firocoxib">Firocoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumiracoxib" title="Lumiracoxib">Lumiracoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavacoxib" title="Mavacoxib">Mavacoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parecoxib" title="Parecoxib">Parecoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polmacoxib" title="Polmacoxib">Polmacoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robenacoxib" title="Robenacoxib">Robenacoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rofecoxib" title="Rofecoxib">Rofecoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilmacoxib" title="Tilmacoxib">Tilmacoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdecoxib" title="Valdecoxib">Valdecoxib</a>; Others/unsorted: <a href="/wiki/Anitrazafen" title="Anitrazafen">Anitrazafen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clobuzarit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clobuzarit (page does not exist)">Clobuzarit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcumin" title="Curcumin">Curcumin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuP-697&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DuP-697 (page does not exist)">DuP-697</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FK-3311&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FK-3311 (page does not exist)">FK-3311</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumizole" title="Flumizole">Flumizole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FR-122047&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FR-122047 (page does not exist)">FR-122047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glimepiride" title="Glimepiride">Glimepiride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperforin" title="Hyperforin">Hyperforin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itazigrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itazigrel (page does not exist)">Itazigrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-655240&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-655240 (page does not exist)">L-655240</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-670596&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-670596 (page does not exist)">L-670596</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licofelone" title="Licofelone">Licofelone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menatetrenone" title="Menatetrenone">Menatetrenone (vitamin K2)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-466&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-466 (page does not exist)">NCX-466</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-4040&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-4040 (page does not exist)">NCX-4040</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS-398" title="NS-398">NS-398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamicogrel" title="Pamicogrel">Pamicogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resveratrol" title="Resveratrol">Resveratrol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romazarit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romazarit (page does not exist)">Romazarit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosmarinic_acid" title="Rosmarinic acid">Rosmarinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutecarpine" title="Rutecarpine">Rutecarpine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satigrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satigrel (page does not exist)">Satigrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-236&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-236 (page does not exist)">SC-236</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-560&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-560 (page does not exist)">SC-560</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-58125&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-58125 (page does not exist)">SC-58125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenidap" title="Tenidap">Tenidap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiflamizole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiflamizole (page does not exist)">Tiflamizole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timegadine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timegadine (page does not exist)">Timegadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trifenagrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trifenagrel (page does not exist)">Trifenagrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropesin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropesin (page does not exist)">Tropesin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_D_synthase" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostaglandin D synthase"><abbr title="Prostaglandin D synthase">PGD2S</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin D synthase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retinoid" title="Retinoid">Retinoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Selenium_tetrachloride" title="Selenium tetrachloride">selenium tetrachloride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_selenite" title="Sodium selenite">sodium selenite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selenium_disulfide" title="Selenium disulfide">selenium disulfide</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E_synthase" title="Prostaglandin E synthase"><abbr title="Prostaglandin E synthase">PGES</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin E synthase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HQL-79&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HQL-79 (page does not exist)">HQL-79</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_F_synthase" title="Prostaglandin F synthase"><abbr title="Prostaglandin F synthase">PGFS</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostaglandin F synthase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bimatoprost" title="Bimatoprost">Bimatoprost</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin_synthase" title="Prostacyclin synthase"><abbr title="Prostacyclin synthase">PGI2S</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Prostacyclin synthase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tranylcypromine" title="Tranylcypromine">Tranylcypromine</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_A_synthase" class="mw-redirect" title="Thromboxane A synthase"><abbr title="Thromboxane A synthase">TXAS</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Thromboxane A synthase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camonagrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camonagrel (page does not exist)">Camonagrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dazmegrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dazmegrel (page does not exist)">Dazmegrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazoxiben" title="Dazoxiben">Dazoxiben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furegrelate" title="Furegrelate">Furegrelate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isbogrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isbogrel (page does not exist)">Isbogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midazogrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midazogrel (page does not exist)">Midazogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nafagrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nafagrel (page does not exist)">Nafagrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicogrelate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicogrelate (page does not exist)">Nicogrelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozagrel" title="Ozagrel">Ozagrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picotamide" title="Picotamide">Picotamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirmagrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirmagrel (page does not exist)">Pirmagrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ridogrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ridogrel (page does not exist)">Ridogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolafagrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolafagrel (page does not exist)">Rolafagrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samixogrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samixogrel (page does not exist)">Samixogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbogrel" title="Terbogrel">Terbogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U63557A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U63557A (page does not exist)">U63557A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Precursors: <a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">Linoleic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Linolenic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Linolenic acid">γ-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihomo-%CE%B3-linolenic_acid" title="Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid">Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglyceride" title="Diglyceride">Diacylglycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonic_acid" title="Arachidonic acid">Arachidonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_G2" title="Prostaglandin G2">Prostaglandin G2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_H2" title="Prostaglandin H2">Prostaglandin H2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Leukotriene_signaling_modulators" title="Template:Leukotriene signaling modulators">Leukotriene signaling modulators</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="TRP_channel_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transient_receptor_potential_channel_modulators" title="Template:Transient receptor potential channel modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transient_receptor_potential_channel_modulators" title="Template talk:Transient receptor potential channel modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transient_receptor_potential_channel_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transient receptor potential channel modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="TRP_channel_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transient_receptor_potential_channel" title="Transient receptor potential channel"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential">TRP</abbr> channel</a> <a href="/wiki/Channel_modulator" title="Channel modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential ankyrin channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPA_(ion_channel)" title="TRPA (ion channel)">TRPA</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxynonenal" title="4-Hydroxynonenal">4-Hydroxynonenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Oxo-2-nonenal" title="4-Oxo-2-nonenal">4-Oxo-2-nonenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">4,5-EET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">12S-HpETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentenone_prostaglandins" title="Cyclopentenone prostaglandins">15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxy_alpha_sanshool" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxy alpha sanshool">α-Sanshool</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">melegueta peppers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrolein" title="Acrolein">Acrolein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allicin" title="Allicin">Allicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyl_isothiocyanate" title="Allyl isothiocyanate">Allyl isothiocyanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">mustard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radish" title="Radish">radish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">horseradish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">wasabi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP-7663" title="ASP-7663">ASP-7663</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradykinin" title="Bradykinin">Bradykinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabichromene" title="Cannabichromene">Cannabichromene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerol" title="Cannabigerol">Cannabigerol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamaldehyde" title="Cinnamaldehyde">Cinnamaldehyde</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CR_gas" title="CR gas">CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS_gas" title="CS gas">CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuminaldehyde" title="Cuminaldehyde">Cuminaldehyde</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcumin" title="Curcumin">Curcumin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehydroligustilide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehydroligustilide (page does not exist)">Dehydroligustilide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">celery</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diallyl_disulfide" title="Diallyl disulfide">Diallyl disulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicentrine" title="Dicentrine">Dicentrine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lindera" title="Lindera">Lindera</a> spp.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farnesyl_thiosalicylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid (page does not exist)">Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Formalin">Formalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerol" title="Gingerol">Gingerols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin_A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepoxilin A3">Hepoxilin A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin_B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepoxilin B3">Hepoxilin B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icilin" title="Icilin">Icilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isothiocyanate" title="Isothiocyanate">Isothiocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JT-010" title="JT-010">JT-010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligustilide" title="Ligustilide">Ligustilide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">celery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angelica_acutiloba" title="Angelica acutiloba">Angelica acutiloba</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linalool" title="Linalool">Linalool</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylglyoxal" title="Methylglyoxal">Methylglyoxal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_salicylate" title="Methyl salicylate">Methyl salicylate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wintergreen" title="Wintergreen">wintergreen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methylmaleimide" title="N-Methylmaleimide">N-Methylmaleimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleocanthal" title="Oleocanthal">Oleocanthal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">Paclitaxel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taxus_brevifolia" title="Taxus brevifolia">Pacific yew</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-4840154" title="PF-4840154">PF-4840154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenacyl_chloride" title="Phenacyl chloride">Phenacyl chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygodial" title="Polygodial">Polygodial</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_stipitata" title="Tasmannia stipitata">Dorrigo pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogaol" title="Shogaol">Shogaols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">melegueta peppers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">Tear gases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">Tetrahydrocannabinol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabiorcol" title="Tetrahydrocannabiorcol">Tetrahydrocannabiorcol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syn-Propanethial-S-oxide" title="Syn-Propanethial-S-oxide">Thiopropanal S-oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbellulone" title="Umbellulone">Umbellulone</a> (Umbellularia californica)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_55,212-2" title="WIN 55,212-2">WIN 55,212-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-967079" title="A-967079">A-967079</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-0902" title="AM-0902">AM-0902</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehydroligustilide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehydroligustilide (page does not exist)">Dehydroligustilide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">celery</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HC-030031" title="HC-030031">HC-030031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-04745637" title="PF-04745637">PF-04745637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential canonical channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPC" title="TRPC">TRPC</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhyperforin" title="Adhyperforin">Adhyperforin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum">St John's wort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglyceride" title="Diglyceride">Diacyl glycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK1702934A" title="GSK1702934A">GSK1702934A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperforin" title="Hyperforin">Hyperforin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum">St John's wort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_P" title="Substance P">Substance P</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%E2%80%B2-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3′-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">DCDPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK417651A" title="GSK417651A">GSK417651A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK2293017A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK2293017A (page does not exist)">GSK2293017A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic_acid" title="N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid">N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">Pregnenolone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyr3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyr3 (page does not exist)">Pyr3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential melastatin channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPM" title="TRPM">TRPM</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate_ribose" title="Adenosine diphosphate ribose">ADP-ribose</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BCTC_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BCTC (drug) (page does not exist)">BCTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> (intracellular)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIM-0216" title="CIM-0216">CIM-0216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold" title="Cold">Cold</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coolact_P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coolact P (page does not exist)">Coolact P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooling_Agent_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooling Agent 10">Cooling Agent 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptol" title="Eucalyptol">Eucalyptol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frescolat_MGA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frescolat MGA (page does not exist)">Frescolat MGA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frescolat_ML&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frescolat ML (page does not exist)">Frescolat ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraniol" title="Geraniol">Geraniol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxycitronellal" title="Hydroxycitronellal">Hydroxycitronellal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icilin" title="Icilin">Icilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linalool" title="Linalool">Linalool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">Menthol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">mint</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PMD_38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMD 38 (page does not exist)">PMD 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">Pregnenolone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutamarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutamarin (page does not exist)">Rutamarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Ruta graveolens</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steviol_glycoside" title="Steviol glycoside">Steviol glycosides</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Stevioside" title="Stevioside">stevioside</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Stevia_rebaudiana" title="Stevia rebaudiana">Stevia rebaudiana</a>)</li> <li>Sweet <a href="/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">tastants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">fructose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">sucrose</a>; indirectly)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thio-BCTC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thio-BCTC (page does not exist)">Thio-BCTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WS-12" class="mw-redirect" title="WS-12">WS-12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMG-333" title="AMG-333">AMG-333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsazepine" title="Capsazepine">Capsazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%E2%80%B2-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3′-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">DCDPC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elismetrep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elismetrep (page does not exist)">Elismetrep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefenamic_acid" title="Mefenamic acid">Mefenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic_acid" title="N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid">N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ononetin" title="Ononetin">Ononetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-05105679" title="PF-05105679">PF-05105679</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RQ-00203078" title="RQ-00203078">RQ-00203078</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutamarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutamarin (page does not exist)">Rutamarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Ruta graveolens</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphenylphosphine_oxide" title="Triphenylphosphine oxide">TPPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPM4-IN-5" title="TRPM4-IN-5">TRPM4-IN-5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential mucolipin channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPML" title="TRPML">TRPML</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EVP21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EVP21 (page does not exist)">EVP21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK6-83" title="MK6-83">MK6-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML-SA1" title="ML-SA1">ML-SA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML2-SA1" title="ML2-SA1">ML2-SA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_3,5-bisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate">PI(3,5)P2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SF-22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SF-22 (page does not exist)">SF-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN-2" title="SN-2">SN-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ML-SI3" title="ML-SI3">ML-SI3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate">PI(4,5)P2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential polycystin channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPP" title="TRPP">TRPP</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triptolide" title="Triptolide">Triptolide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tripterygium_wilfordii" title="Tripterygium wilfordii">Tripterygium wilfordii</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential vanilloid channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPV" title="TRPV">TRPV</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl_borate" title="2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate">2-APB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">5',6'-EET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid" title="9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid">9-HODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid" title="9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid">9-oxoODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">12S-HETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">12S-HpETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid" title="13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid">13-HODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid" title="13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid">13-oxoODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid" title="20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid">20-HETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxy_alpha_sanshool" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxy alpha sanshool">α-Sanshool</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">melegueta peppers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allicin" title="Allicin">Allicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisandrographolide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisandrographolide (page does not exist)">Bisandrographolide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Andrographis_paniculata" title="Andrographis paniculata">Andrographis paniculata</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">Camphor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">camphor laurel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">rosemary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camphorweed" title="Camphorweed">camphorweed</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_blue_basil" title="African blue basil">African blue basil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocimum_kilimandscharicum" title="Ocimum kilimandscharicum">camphor basil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidivarin" title="Cannabidivarin">Cannabidivarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">Capsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carvacrol" title="Carvacrol">Carvacrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">oregano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lepidium" title="Lepidium">pepperwort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monarda_fistulosa" title="Monarda fistulosa">wild bergamot</a>, others)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglyceride" title="Diglyceride">Diacyl glycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrocapsaicin" title="Dihydrocapsaicin">Dihydrocapsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenol" title="Eugenol">Eugenol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">basil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">clove</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evodiamine" title="Evodiamine">Evodiamine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tetradium_ruticarpum" title="Tetradium ruticarpum">Euodia ruticarpa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerol" title="Gingerol">Gingerols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK1016790A" title="GSK1016790A">GSK1016790A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">Heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin_A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepoxilin A3">Hepoxilin A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin_B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepoxilin B3">Hepoxilin B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homocapsaicin" title="Homocapsaicin">Homocapsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homodihydrocapsaicin" title="Homodihydrocapsaicin">Homodihydrocapsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incensole" title="Incensole">Incensole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidic_acid" title="Lysophosphatidic acid">Lysophosphatidic acid</a></li> <li>Low <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> (acidic conditions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">Menthol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">mint</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine" title="N-Arachidonoyl dopamine">N-Arachidonoyl dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Oleoyldopamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Oleoyldopamine (page does not exist)">N-Oleoyldopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleoylethanolamide" title="Oleoylethanolamide">N-Oleoylethanolamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonivamide" title="Nonivamide">Nonivamide (PAVA)</a> (<a href="/wiki/PAVA_spray" title="PAVA spray">PAVA spray</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordihydrocapsaicin" title="Nordihydrocapsaicin">Nordihydrocapsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">Paclitaxel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taxus_brevifolia" title="Taxus brevifolia">Pacific yew</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylacetylrinvanil" title="Phenylacetylrinvanil">Phenylacetylrinvanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorbol_esters" title="Phorbol esters">Phorbol esters</a> (e.g., <a href="/w/index.php?title=4%CE%B1-phorbol_12,13-didecanoate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (page does not exist)">4α-PDD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperine" title="Piperine">Piperine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">long pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygodial" title="Polygodial">Polygodial</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_stipitata" title="Tasmannia stipitata">Dorrigo pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid">Probenecid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Protons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RhTx" title="RhTx">RhTx</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutamarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutamarin (page does not exist)">Rutamarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Ruta graveolens</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resiniferatoxin" title="Resiniferatoxin">Resiniferatoxin</a> (RTX) (<a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_resinifera" title="Euphorbia resinifera">Euphorbia resinifera</a>/<a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_poissonii" title="Euphorbia poissonii">pooissonii</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogaol" title="Shogaol">Shogaols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">melegueta peppers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabivarin" title="Tetrahydrocannabivarin">Tetrahydrocannabivarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymol" title="Thymol">Thymol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">oregano</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinyatoxin" title="Tinyatoxin">Tinyatoxin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_resinifera" title="Euphorbia resinifera">Euphorbia resinifera</a>/<a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_poissonii" title="Euphorbia poissonii">pooissonii</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol">Tramadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanillin" title="Vanillin">Vanillin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zucapsaicin" title="Zucapsaicin">Zucapsaicin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spinasterol" title="Spinasterol">α-Spinasterol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vernonia" title="Vernonia">Vernonia tweediana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMG-517" title="AMG-517">AMG-517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMG-9810" title="AMG-9810">AMG-9810</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asivatrep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asivatrep (page does not exist)">Asivatrep</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BCTC_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BCTC (drug) (page does not exist)">BCTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerol" title="Cannabigerol">Cannabigerol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerolic_acid" title="Cannabigerolic acid">Cannabigerolic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerovarin" title="Cannabigerovarin">Cannabigerovarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinol" title="Cannabinol">Cannabinol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsazepine" title="Capsazepine">Capsazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%E2%80%B2-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3′-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">DCDPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRC-6211" title="GRC-6211">GRC-6211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HC-067047" title="HC-067047">HC-067047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavatrep" title="Mavatrep">Mavatrep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic_acid" title="N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid">N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGD-8243&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGD-8243 (page does not exist)">NGD-8243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">Pregnenolone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RN-1734&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RN-1734 (page does not exist)">RN-1734</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RN-9893" title="RN-9893">RN-9893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-366791" title="SB-366791">SB-366791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-705498" title="SB-705498">SB-705498</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tivanisiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tivanisiran (page does not exist)">Tivanisiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPV3-74a" title="TRPV3-74a">TRPV3-74a</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Ion_channel_modulators" title="Template:Ion channel modulators">Ion channel modulators</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 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