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vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferruccio Parri</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%86%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="فروچو پاری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فروچو پاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A3%A8%EC%B4%88_%ED%8C%8C%EB%A6%AC" title="페루초 파리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페루초 파리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A6%27%D7%95_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99" title="פרוצ'ו פארי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרוצ'ו פארי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccius_Parri" title="Ferruccius Parri – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ferruccius Parri" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="فيروكسيو پارى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيروكسيو پارى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D1%87%D0%BE" title="Парри, Ферруччо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парри, Ферруччо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D1%87%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96" title="Ферруччо Паррі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ферруччо Паррі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ferruccio Parri" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E9%B2%81%E4%B9%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E9%87%8C" title="费鲁乔·帕里 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="费鲁乔·帕里" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q471315#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Italian partisan and politician (1890–1981)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Senator_for_life_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senator for life (Italy)">Senator for life</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Ferruccio Parri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferruccio_Parri_Senato.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Ferruccio_Parri_Senato.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="275" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 June 1945 – 10 December 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Lieutenant General</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_II_of_Italy" title="Umberto II of Italy">The Prince of Piedmont</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Ivanoe Bonomi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of the Interior">Minister of the Interior</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 June 1945 – 10 December 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Ivanoe Bonomi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Romita" title="Giuseppe Romita">Giuseppe Romita</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Colonies_(Italy)" title="Ministry of the Colonies (Italy)">Minister of the Italian Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 June 1945 – 10 December 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Ivanoe Bonomi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Life tenure</b></span><br />2 March 1963 – 8 December 1981</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Antonio Segni</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 June 1958 – 2 March 1963</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data">Piedmont</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />8 May 1948 – 24 June 1953<br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">Ex officio</a></b></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Italy" title="Constituent Assembly of Italy">Constituent Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 June 1946 – 31 January 1948</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data">Italy at-large</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1890-01-19</span>)</span>19 January 1890<br /><a href="/wiki/Pinerolo" title="Pinerolo">Pinerolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>, Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">8 December 1981<span style="display:none">(1981-12-08)</span> (aged 91)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Monumental_Cemetery_of_Staglieno" title="Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno">Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Action_Party_(Italy)" title="Action Party (Italy)">PdA</a> (1942–1946)<br /><a href="/wiki/Republican_Democratic_Concentration" title="Republican Democratic Concentration">CDR</a> (1946)<br /><a href="/wiki/Italian_Republican_Party" title="Italian Republican Party">PRI</a> (1946–1953)<br /><a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_(Italy,_1953)" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Unity (Italy, 1953)">UP</a> (1953–1957)<br /><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (1957–1981)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Ester Verrua</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="2 January 1922">1922</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="26 January 1980">1980</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Committee" title="National Liberation Committee">National Liberation Committee</a><br />(1943–1945)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Italian_Army" title="Royal Italian Army">Royal Italian Army</a> (World War I) <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Corpo_Volontari_della_Libert%C3%A0" title="Corpo Volontari della Libertà">Corpo Volontari della Libertà</a></i> (World War II)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">Major</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">World War I</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a> (1918)</li></ul> <b><a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Italian Civil War</a></b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Medal_of_Military_Valor" title="Silver Medal of Military Valor">Silver Medal of Military Valor</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_Medal_for_the_Italo-Austrian_War_1915%E2%80%931918" title="Commemorative Medal for the Italo-Austrian War 1915–1918">Commemorative Medal for the Italo-Austrian War 1915–1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ferruccio Parri</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ferˈruttʃo<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈparri]</a></span>; 19 January 1890 – 8 December 1981) was an <a href="/wiki/Italian_partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian partisan">Italian partisan</a> and anti-fascist politician who served as the 29th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a>, and the first to be appointed after the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. During the war, he was also known by his <i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">nom de guerre</a></i> <b>Maurizio</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferruccio_Parri&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parri was born in <a href="/wiki/Pinerolo" title="Pinerolo">Pinerolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>. He served in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, when he was wounded four times and received four decorations.<sup id="cite_ref-tim020745_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tim020745-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the final stages of the war he worked as a staff officer on the planning of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">battle of Vittorio Veneto</a>. After the war he graduated in literature and became a teacher in Milan and an editor for the <i><a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-dcd82_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcd82-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left the newspaper in 1925, after it was taken over by the Fascist government,<sup id="cite_ref-dcd82_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcd82-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had to quit his teaching job because he refused to join the <a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">National Fascist Party</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resistance_to_Fascism">Resistance to Fascism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferruccio_Parri&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Resistance to Fascism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He became active against <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascist regime</a> and joined <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rosselli" title="Carlo Rosselli">Carlo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nello_Rosselli" title="Nello Rosselli">Nello Rosselli</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Giustizia_e_Libert%C3%A0" title="Giustizia e Libertà">Giustizia e Libertà</a></i>) ("Justice and Liberty"), the most important Italian non-Marxist anti-fascist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt191299_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt191299-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1926, together with Carlo Rosselli and future President of Italy <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Pertini" title="Sandro Pertini">Sandro Pertini</a> he was involved in planning and assisting the escape to France of reformist Socialist leader <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Turati" title="Filippo Turati">Filippo Turati</a>. For this he was arrested and sentenced to ten months of imprisonment<sup id="cite_ref-pertini_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pertini-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then to five years of internal exile to the islands of <a href="/wiki/Ustica" title="Ustica">Ustica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lipari" title="Lipari">Lipari</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Vallo_della_Lucania" title="Vallo della Lucania">Vallo della Lucania</a>. In 1930 he was again banished for five years together with other leaders of <i>Giustizia e Libertà</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-parri_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parri-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parri remained in contact with <i>Giustizia e Libertà</i>, and in 1942 founded the <a href="/wiki/Action_Party_(Italy)" title="Action Party (Italy)">Action Party</a>, an anti-fascist <a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">liberal socialist</a> movement that sought to pair <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> and respect for <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil liberty">civil liberties</a>. In September 1943, after the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">armistice between Italy and the Allied powers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Achse" title="Operation Achse">German occupation of Italy</a>, he was among the people indicated by anti-fascist parties to take a leading role in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italian resistance movement</a>. Living underground in Nazi-occupied Northern Italy, he became a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Committee" title="National Liberation Committee">National Liberation Committee</a><sup id="cite_ref-jemiller99_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jemiller99-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and deputy commander of the main group of <a href="/wiki/Partisan_(military)" title="Partisan (military)">partisan</a> forces, the <i><a href="/wiki/Corpo_Volontari_della_Libert%C3%A0" title="Corpo Volontari della Libertà">Corpo Volontari della Libertà</a></i>. </p><p>He was arrested in Milan in January 1945 by the <a href="/wiki/Waffen_SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Waffen SS">Waffen SS</a> during a routine operation. He was held prisoner until March when he was released as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sunrise_(World_War_II)" title="Operation Sunrise (World War II)">Operation Sunrise</a> – a series of secret negotiations between <a href="/wiki/Allen_Dulles" title="Allen Dulles">Allen Dulles</a>, head of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a> (OSS) and representatives of the German Wehrmacht command in Northern Italy. The release of Parri was requested by the OSS as evidence of good faith and the ability to act.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned in time to take part in the final phase of the resistance and in the general insurrection in April. </p><p>By the time the war ended the <i>Giustizia e Libertà</i> Brigades, the military arm of the Action Party, were the second largest partisan units, accounting for about 20% of all fighters of the Italian resistance movement.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberazione-di-milano_6_maggio.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Liberazione-di-milano_6_maggio.gif/220px-Liberazione-di-milano_6_maggio.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Liberazione-di-milano_6_maggio.gif/330px-Liberazione-di-milano_6_maggio.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Liberazione-di-milano_6_maggio.gif/440px-Liberazione-di-milano_6_maggio.gif 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Liberation parade in Milan on 6 May 1945. Parri is in the front row, third from the left.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_Minister_of_Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferruccio_Parri&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prime Minister of Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, he was appointed leader of a government supported, among the others, by the Action Party, <a href="/wiki/Democrazia_Cristiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Democrazia Cristiana">Christian Democracy</a> (<i>Democrazia Cristiana</i>; DC), the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> (<i>Partito Comunista Italiano</i>; PCI), the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a> (<i>Partito Socialista Italiano</i>; PSI) and the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Liberal_Party" title="Italian Liberal Party">Italian Liberal Party</a> (<i>Partito Liberale Italiano</i>; PLI). A centrist, he had been chosen as the compromise leader of a compromise Cabinet. He was also the Minister of the Interior (in charge of the police).<sup id="cite_ref-tim020745_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tim020745-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Liberals withdrew their support from the coalition government, Parri resigned from his position.<sup id="cite_ref-tim031245_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tim031245-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time, Parri warned: "Beware of civil war ... of reopening the door to fascism. ... There are rumors that Washington and London have no trust in me. The real reason for this lack of trust is that Italy has only a fragile front of antifascism. ... I hope my successors will follow the only worthy policy for Italy: left of center".<sup id="cite_ref-tim031245_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tim031245-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Parliament">In Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferruccio_Parri&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In spite of the wartime strength of <i>Giustizia e libertà</i> the Action Party quickly faded from the Italian political scene, winning 1.46% in the <a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_general_election" title="1946 Italian general election">1946 Constituent Assembly election</a>. Parri, along with <a href="/wiki/Ugo_La_Malfa" title="Ugo La Malfa">Ugo La Malfa</a>, left the party shortly before the election to form the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Democratic_Concentration" title="Republican Democratic Concentration">Republican Democratic Concentration</a> (<i>Concentrazione Democratica Repubblicana</i>; CDR), which won 0.42% and elected its two most prominent members as deputies. The CDR would be absorbed the following year into the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Republican_Party" title="Italian Republican Party">Italian Republican Party</a> (PRI). </p><p>He became a Senator in 1948. </p><p>In 1953 Parri, who was opposed to <a href="/wiki/1953_Italian_general_election#"Scam_law"" title="1953 Italian general election">recent changes</a> to the election law, left the PRI to establish the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_(Italy,_1953)" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Unity (Italy, 1953)">Popular Unity</a> (<i>Unità Popolare</i>; UP) with former Action Party member <a href="/wiki/Piero_Calamandrei" title="Piero Calamandrei">Piero Calamandrei</a>, with the goal of preventing the centrist coalition from winning a majority bonus of seats. The party, which failed to elect any members, was absorbed into the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a> in 1957. </p><p>In 1958 he was re-elected to the Senate as an independent in the Socialist party list. He proposed to form a <a href="/wiki/Antimafia_Commission" title="Antimafia Commission">parliamentary inquiry committee</a> to investigate the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">Sicilian Mafia</a>. The proposal was opposed by the parliamentary majority with various arguments, and dismissed by Christian Democratic Senators <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Mattarella" title="Bernardo Mattarella">Bernardo Mattarella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gioia" title="Giovanni Gioia">Giovanni Gioia</a> as "useless".<sup id="cite_ref-fontanel_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fontanel-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was finally established in 1963. </p><p>In 1963, President <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Antonio Segni</a> appointed Parri <a href="/wiki/Senator_for_life" title="Senator for life">senator for life</a>. He joined the Independent Left group, and was for a long time its chairman from 1972 until his death. In March of the same year, he became the editor of the magazine <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Astrolabio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Astrolabio (page does not exist)">L'Astrolabio</a></i>, in which he argued in favour of a more accomplished democracy and denounced the resurgence of <a href="/wiki/Neofascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neofascism">neofascism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1949 until 1969 he was president of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federazione_italiana_associazioni_partigiane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federazione italiana associazioni partigiane (page does not exist)">Italian Federation of Partisan Associations</a>, an association of Resistance veterans that grouped members of <i>Giustizia e Libertà</i>, as well as members of Socialist, Republican, and anarchist groups. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Genova-Staglieno--Tomba_di_Parri-DSCF8996.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Genova-Staglieno--Tomba_di_Parri-DSCF8996.JPG/250px-Genova-Staglieno--Tomba_di_Parri-DSCF8996.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Genova-Staglieno--Tomba_di_Parri-DSCF8996.JPG/375px-Genova-Staglieno--Tomba_di_Parri-DSCF8996.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Genova-Staglieno--Tomba_di_Parri-DSCF8996.JPG/500px-Genova-Staglieno--Tomba_di_Parri-DSCF8996.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Epigraph on the tomb of Parri in Genoa.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferruccio_Parri&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parri died in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> on 8 December 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He once characterized himself: "I am a common man – <i>uomo della strada</i>. I am just another guy – <i>uomo qualunque</i> ... I hope a typical one. My job is not only to prevent the right and left wings from exercising undue influence on the Government, but I have to think too of the enormous masses of peasants sweating in the fields under the sun, blacksmiths beating their anvils in villages, workers, men and women everywhere who have no taste for politics and are outside parties. ... I am just a <i>uomo della strada</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-tim020745_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tim020745-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferruccio_Parri&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:75%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"> <tbody><tr> <th width="12%">Election </th> <th width="30%">House </th> <th width="30%">Constituency </th> <th width="5%" colspan="2">Party </th> <th width="12%">Votes </th> <th width="18%">Result </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_general_election" title="1946 Italian general election">1946</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Italy" title="Constituent Assembly of Italy">Constituent Assembly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">Italy at-large</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3CB371"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Democratic_Concentration" title="Republican Democratic Concentration">CDR</a> </td> <td>97,690 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1953_Italian_general_election" title="1953 Italian general election">1953</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_constituencies_(1946%E2%80%931994)#Milan–Pavia" title="List of Italian constituencies (1946–1994)">Milan–Pavia</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0005D"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_(Italy)" title="Popular Unity (Italy)">UP</a> </td> <td>4,477 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> <b>Not Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1958_Italian_general_election" title="1958 Italian general election">1958</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> – <a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ED2855"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">PSI</a> </td> <td>33,997 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferruccio_Parri&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As a member of the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Italy" title="Constituent Assembly of Italy">Constituent Assembly of Italy</a>, he was automatically nominated senator.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tim020745-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tim020745_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tim020745_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tim020745_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111222001953/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,776000,00.html">"Common Man"</a>, <i>Time</i>, 2 July 1945.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dcd82-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dcd82_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dcd82_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDouglass_Charles_Day1982" class="citation thesis cs1">Douglass Charles Day (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/303267078"><i>The Shaping of Postwar Italian Politics: Italy 1945-1948</i></a> (PhD thesis). The University of Chicago. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8-205-08303-4" title="Special:BookSources/979-8-205-08303-4"><bdi>979-8-205-08303-4</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/303267078">303267078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Shaping+of+Postwar+Italian+Politics%3A+Italy+1945-1948&rft.degree=PhD&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=979-8-205-08303-4&rft.au=Douglass+Charles+Day&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F303267078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerruccio+Parri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt191299-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt191299_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D04E4DC1731F93AA25751C1A96F958260">"Outside Party Lines"</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stille" title="Alexander Stille">Alexander Stille</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 19 December 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pertini-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pertini_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pertini.it/eng_bio.htm">"Biography of Sandro Pertini"</a>, Associazione Nazionale Sandro Pertini</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-parri-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-parri_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storiaxxisecolo.it/antifascismo/biografie%20antifascisti5.html">"Biography of Parri"</a> on Antifascismo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jemiller99-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jemiller99_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1999" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, James Edward (1999). "Who chopped down that cherry tree? The Italian Resistance in history and politics, 1945–1998". <i>Journal of Modern Italian Studies</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 37–54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13545719908454992">10.1080/13545719908454992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+Italian+Studies&rft.atitle=Who+chopped+down+that+cherry+tree%3F+The+Italian+Resistance+in+history+and+politics%2C+1945%E2%80%931998&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-54&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13545719908454992&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=James+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerruccio+Parri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080312075822/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol7no2/html/v07i2a07p_0001.htm">Intelligence cables covering the capitulation of the Nazi armies in northern Italy</a>, Center for the Study of Intelligence</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stephenhalbrook.com/law_review_articles/sunrise.pdf">"Operation Sunrise: America's OSS, Swiss Intelligence, and the German Surrender 1945"</a>, by Stephen P. Halbrook in "Operation Sunrise". Atti del convegno internazionale (Locarno, 2 maggio 2005), a cura di Marino Viganò - Dominic M. Pedrazzini (Lugano 2006), pp. 103-30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Le formazioni GL nella resistenza. Documenti</i> (in Italian). Milan: Franco Angeli. 1985. p. 395.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+formazioni+GL+nella+resistenza.+Documenti&rft.place=Milan&rft.pages=395&rft.pub=Franco+Angeli&rft.date=1985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerruccio+Parri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tim031245-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tim031245_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tim031245_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111221235112/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,852489,00.html">"Split"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, 3 December 1945.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fontanel-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fontanel_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> L'istituzione della prima Commissione parlamentare d'inchiesta sulla mafia in: L'art. 41-bis l. 354/75 come strumento di lotta contro la mafia, by Elisa Fontanelli, bachelor's degree dissertation, Florence University, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centrostudimalfatti.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=177:ferruccio-parri&catid=14:o-q&Itemid=33">Ferruccio Parri</a>, Centro Studi Politici e Sociali F. M. Malfatti (accessed 30 January 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roland Sarti <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xhoLorFC1iwC">Italy: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present</a></i>, Infobase Publishing, 2004, p.532</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1981/12/09/page_001.pdf">"E' morto Ferruccio Parri"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Unit%C3%A0" title="L'Unità">l'Unità</a></i>. 9 December 1981. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=l%27Unit%C3%A0&rft.atitle=E%27+morto+Ferruccio+Parri&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1981-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchivio.unita.news%2Fassets%2Fmain%2F1981%2F12%2F09%2Fpage_001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerruccio+Parri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferruccio_Parri&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> Carlo Piola Caselli, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museoeuropeo.altervista.org/taccuino-ferruccio-parri/index.html">Il taccuino di Ferruccio Parri sull'Europa (1948-1954)</a></i>, 2012</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferruccio_Parri&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storiaxxisecolo.it/antifascismo/biografie%20antifascisti5.html">Biography on Antifascismo</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digilander.libero.it/davis2/lezioni/fotoquinta/storia5/politici/ferruccio_parri.htm">Biography</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Senate">Italian Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Title jointly held </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the Senate of the Republic<br />Legislatures: I, III </b><br />1948–1953<br />1958–1963 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Title jointly held </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Presidential appointment </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Senator_for_life" title="Senator for life">Senator for life</a><br />Legislatures: III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII </b><br />1963–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Died in office </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="3">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Ivanoe Bonomi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of the Interior">Minister of the Interior</a> </b><br />1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Romita" title="Giuseppe Romita">Giuseppe Romita</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Colonies_(Italy)" title="Ministry of the Colonies (Italy)">Minister of the Italian East Africa</a> </b><br />1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a> </b><br />1945 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">Prime Ministers of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/113px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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Menabrea">Menabrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanza" title="Giovanni Lanza">Lanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Minghetti" title="Marco Minghetti">Minghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Starabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Starabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pelloux" title="Luigi Pelloux">Pelloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saracco" title="Giuseppe Saracco">Saracco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanardelli" title="Giuseppe Zanardelli">Zanardelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Fortis" title="Alessandro Fortis">Fortis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Luzzatti" title="Luigi Luzzatti">Luzzatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salandra" title="Antonio Salandra">Salandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Boselli" title="Paolo Boselli">Boselli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_Orlando" title="Vittorio Emanuele Orlando">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Saverio_Nitti" title="Francesco Saverio Nitti">Nitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Facta" title="Luigi Facta">Facta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Badoglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/75px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/113px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/150px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Scelba" title="Mario Scelba">Scelba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adone_Zoli" title="Adone Zoli">Zoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Tambroni" title="Fernando Tambroni">Tambroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor">Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor">Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Cossiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Forlani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini">Spadolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Craxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Goria" title="Giovanni Goria">Goria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciriaco_De_Mita" title="Ciriaco De Mita">De Mita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Azeglio_Ciampi" title="Carlo Azeglio Ciampi">Ciampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Dini" title="Lamberto Dini">Dini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D'Alema">D'Alema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Monti" title="Mario Monti">Monti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Letta" title="Enrico Letta">Letta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Renzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Gentiloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Conte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Draghi" title="Mario Draghi">Draghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italian_Ministers_of_the_Interior" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_Ministers_of_the_Interior" title="Template:Italian Ministers of the Interior"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italian_Ministers_of_the_Interior" title="Template talk:Italian Ministers of the Interior"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italian_Ministers_of_the_Interior" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italian Ministers of the Interior"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italian_Ministers_of_the_Interior" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of the Interior">Italian Ministers of the Interior</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:11pt;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Minghetti" title="Marco Minghetti">Minghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldino_Peruzzi" title="Ubaldino Peruzzi">Peruzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanza" title="Giovanni Lanza">Lanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Natoli" title="Giuseppe Natoli">Natoli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desiderio_Chiaves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desiderio Chiaves (page does not exist)">Chiaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Antonio_Gualterio_(senator)" title="Filippo Antonio Gualterio (senator)">Gualtiero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Cadorna" title="Carlo Cadorna">Cadorna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerolamo_Cantelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerolamo Cantelli (page does not exist)">Cantelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Ferraris_(politician)" title="Luigi Ferraris (politician)">Ferraris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Starabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanza" title="Giovanni Lanza">Lanza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerolamo_Cantelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerolamo Cantelli (page does not exist)">Cantelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Nicotera" title="Giovanni Nicotera">Nicotera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanardelli" title="Giuseppe Zanardelli">Zanardelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Villa" title="Tommaso Villa">Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Nicotera" title="Giovanni Nicotera">Nicotera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Starabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pelloux" title="Luigi Pelloux">Pelloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saracco" title="Giuseppe Saracco">Saracco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanardelli" title="Giuseppe Zanardelli">Zanardelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Fortis" title="Alessandro Fortis">Fortis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Luzzatti" title="Luigi Luzzatti">Luzzatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salandra" title="Antonio Salandra">Salandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_Orlando" title="Vittorio Emanuele Orlando">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Saverio_Nitti" title="Francesco Saverio Nitti">Nitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Facta" title="Luigi Facta">Facta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolino_Taddei" title="Paolino Taddei">Taddei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federzoni" title="Luigi Federzoni">Federzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Fornaciari" title="Bruno Fornaciari">Fornaciari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vito_Reale" title="Vito Reale">Reale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Aldisio" title="Salvatore Aldisio">Aldisio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Romita" title="Giuseppe Romita">Romita</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:1px; left:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1890).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/42px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/63px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/84px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="685" /></a></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/50px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/75px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:11pt;"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Scelba" title="Mario Scelba">Scelba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Spataro" title="Giuseppe Spataro">Spataro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Scelba" title="Mario Scelba">Scelba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Scelba" title="Mario Scelba">Scelba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Tambroni" title="Fernando Tambroni">Tambroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Spataro" title="Giuseppe Spataro">Spataro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Scelba" title="Mario Scelba">Scelba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Taviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor">Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Taviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Restivo" title="Franco Restivo">Restivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor">Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Taviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Gui" title="Luigi Gui">Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Cossiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginio_Rognoni" title="Virginio Rognoni">Rognoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Luigi_Scalfaro" title="Oscar Luigi Scalfaro">Scalfaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gava" title="Antonio Gava">Gava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Scotti" title="Vincenzo Scotti">Scotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Mancino" title="Nicola Mancino">Mancino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Maroni" title="Roberto Maroni">Maroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Brancaccio" title="Antonio Brancaccio">Brancaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Rinaldo_Coronas" title="Giovanni Rinaldo Coronas">Coronas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Napolitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Russo_Iervolino" title="Rosa Russo Iervolino">Jervolino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Bianco" title="Enzo Bianco">Bianco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Scajola" title="Claudio Scajola">Scajola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pisanu" title="Giuseppe Pisanu">Pisanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Maroni" title="Roberto Maroni">Maroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annamaria_Cancellieri" title="Annamaria Cancellieri">Cancellieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Alfano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Minniti" title="Marco Minniti">Minniti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Salvini" title="Matteo Salvini">Salvini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciana_Lamorgese" title="Luciana Lamorgese">Lamorgese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Piantedosi" title="Matteo Piantedosi">Piantedosi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_National_Liberation_Committee_of_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Liberation_Committee" title="Template:National Liberation 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Italian_Committee_of_National_Liberation.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italian_Committee_of_National_Liberation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Italian_Committee_of_National_Liberation.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italian_Committee_of_National_Liberation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Committee" title="National Liberation Committee">National Liberation Committee</a> of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Liberal_Party" title="Italian Liberal Party">Italian Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_Party_(Italy)" title="Action Party (Italy)">Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Democratic_Party" title="Labour Democratic Party">Labour Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armed forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_Brigades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autonomous Brigades (page does not exist)">Autonomous Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigate_Garibaldi" title="Brigate Garibaldi">Garibaldi Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giustizia_e_Libert%C3%A0" title="Giustizia e Libertà">Justice and Liberty Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigate_Fiamme_Verdi" title="Brigate Fiamme Verdi">Green Flame Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteotti_Brigades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matteotti Brigades (page does not exist)">Matteotti Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigate_Osoppo" title="Brigate Osoppo">Osoppo Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Brigades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's Brigades (page does not exist)">People's Brigades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prime Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Ivanoe Bonomi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferruccio Parri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471315#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471315#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471315#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120206676">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82223469">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12223396m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12223396m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Parri, Ferruccio"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV038354">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p132724545">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/317812">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007430814205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0460302X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="PARRI, Ferruccio"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ferruccio-parri_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030913144">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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