Case Studies | Grants & Funding

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Learn about assistance programs, how to identify a potential funding organization, and past NIH funding.</p> <a href="/funding" title="As the largest public funder of biomedical research in the world, NIH supports a variety of programs from grants and contracts to loan repayment. Learn about assistance programs, how to identify a potential funding organization, and past NIH funding." class="btn btn-block btn-primary ms-0 my-3 my-lg-0 px-4" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23">Explore Funding</a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6 px-4 pb-3 p-lg-5 ps-lg-0"> <div class="border-start ps-4"> <ul class="bg-white p-0 start-0 ps-lg-5 border-lg-start border-light h-100 menu-level-1"> <li class="nav-item d-flex flex-wrap flex-column position-static mb-2"> <a href="/funding/nih-guide-for-grants-and-contracts" class="1 nav-link position-relative px-0 py-2 py-lg-1 fw-bold" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/45">NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts</a> </li> <li class="nav-item d-flex flex-wrap flex-column position-static mb-2"> <a href="/funding/funding-categories" class="1 nav-link position-relative px-0 py-2 py-lg-1 fw-bold" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/21">Funding Categories</a> </li> <li class="nav-item d-flex flex-wrap flex-column position-static mb-2"> <a href="/funding/find-a-fit-for-your-research-nih-institutes-centers-offices" class="1 nav-link position-relative px-0 py-2 py-lg-1 fw-bold" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25">Find a Fit for Your Research: NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices</a> </li> <li class="nav-item d-flex flex-wrap flex-column position-static mb-2"> <a href="/funding/explore-data-on-funded-projects" class="1 nav-link position-relative px-0 py-2 py-lg-1 fw-bold" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/24">Explore Who and What NIH Funds</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item d-flex flex-wrap flex-column position-static d-lg-block flex-grow-1"> <a href="/grants-process" title="Take time to learn about each step in the grants process from planning to apply through developing and submitting your application to award and post-award reporting." class="nav-link position-relative px-0 btn btn-primary rounded-0 text-lg-center text-uppercase fw-bold me-0 py-2 px-3 py-lg-3 d-flex collapsed justify-content-between d-lg-block" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#GrantsProcess" aria-expanded="false" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/49"> Grants Process <i class="bi bi-caret-down-fill"></i> </a> <div> <div class="container-fluid rounded-0 w-100 start-0 bg-white text-black shadow position-absolute collapse z-3" id="GrantsProcess" data-bs-parent="#block-nihod5-subtheme-main-navigation"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6 px-4 p-lg-5"> <strong class="h4 d-none d-lg-block text-secondary">Grants Process</strong> <p class="d-none d-lg-block">Take time to learn about each step in the grants process from planning to apply through developing and submitting your application to award and post-award reporting.</p> <a href="/grants-process" title="Take time to learn about each step in the grants process from planning to apply through developing and submitting your application to award and post-award reporting." class="btn btn-block btn-primary ms-0 my-3 my-lg-0 px-4" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/49">Explore Grants Process</a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6 px-4 pb-3 p-lg-5 ps-lg-0"> <div class="border-start ps-4"> <ul class="bg-white p-0 start-0 ps-lg-5 border-lg-start border-light h-100 menu-level-1"> <li class="nav-item d-flex flex-wrap flex-column position-static mb-2"> <a href="/grants-process/plan-to-apply" title="Plan ahead, assess funding opportunities, and take other early steps. Learn to work with your organization, assess resources and teammates, identify a funding opportunity, check application policies, and lay out your timeline." class="1 nav-link position-relative px-0 py-2 py-lg-1 fw-bold" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1073">Plan to Apply</a> </li> <li class="nav-item d-flex flex-wrap flex-column position-static mb-2"> <a href="/grants-process/write-application" title="Find the official grant application instructions, preview application forms, get advice on grant writing, check out sample grant applications, and read our tips on specific application attachments and sections." class="1 nav-link position-relative px-0 py-2 py-lg-1 fw-bold" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/670">Write Application</a> </li> <li class="nav-item d-flex flex-wrap flex-column position-static mb-2"> <a href="/grants-process/submit" title="Learn about the steps you must take after filling out your application forms to complete the submission process, how NIH checks your application for completeness prior to review, and NIH submission policies." class="1 nav-link position-relative px-0 py-2 py-lg-1 fw-bold" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43">Submit</a> </li> <li class="nav-item d-flex flex-wrap flex-column position-static mb-2"> <a href="/grants-process/review" title="What happens between the time you submit the application and NIH lets you know you will be funded? 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Information for NIH Applicants and Recipients of NIH Funding" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/793"> Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Information for NIH Applicants and Recipients of NIH Funding <i class="bi bi-caret-right me-24"></i> </a> <div class="d-none"> <ul data-block="sidebar_first" block="block-nihod5-subtheme-mainnavigation" class="list-group list-group-flush ps-3"> <li class="level-4 py-0 px-0 border-0 list-inline"> <a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/natural-disasters/corona-virus/history-update" class="dropdown-item py-2 ps-2 text-wrap" role="button" title="Expand menu Applicant/Recipient COVID-19 Update History" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/858">Applicant/Recipient COVID-19 Update History</a> <div class="d-none"> </div> </li> <li class="level-4 py-0 px-0 border-0 list-inline"> <a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/natural-disasters/corona-virus/funding-opportunities" class="dropdown-item py-2 ps-2 text-wrap" role="button" title="Expand menu Funding Opportunities Specific to COVID-19" data-drupal-link-system-path="policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/natural-disasters/corona-virus/funding-opportunities">Funding Opportunities Specific to COVID-19</a> <div class="d-none"> </div> </li> <li class="level-4 py-0 px-0 border-0 list-inline"> <a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/natural-disasters/corona-virus/nih-omb-memo" class="dropdown-item py-2 ps-2 text-wrap" role="button" title="Expand menu NIH Implementation of OMB Memorandum M-20-26 “Extension of Administrative Relief for Recipients and Applicants of Federal Financial Assistance Directly Impacted by the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) due to Loss of Operations” dated June 18, 2020" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/747">NIH Implementation of OMB Memorandum M-20-26 “Extension of Administrative Relief for Recipients and Applicants of Federal Financial Assistance Directly Impacted by the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) due to Loss of Operations” dated June 18, 2020</a> <div 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role="button" title="Expand menu Peer Review Policies and Practices" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/744"> Peer Review Policies and Practices <i class="bi bi-caret-right me-24"></i> </a> <div class="d-none"> <ul data-block="sidebar_first" block="block-nihod5-subtheme-mainnavigation" class="list-group list-group-flush ps-3"> <li class="level-3 py-0 px-0 border-0 dropdown list-inline"> <a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/peer-review/simplifying-review" class="dropdown-item py-2 ps-2 text-wrap d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" role="button" title="Expand menu Simplifying Review of Research Project Grant Applications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/482"> Simplifying Review of Research Project Grant Applications <i class="bi bi-caret-right me-24"></i> </a> <div class="d-none"> <ul data-block="sidebar_first" block="block-nihod5-subtheme-mainnavigation" class="list-group list-group-flush ps-3"> <li class="level-4 py-0 px-0 border-0 list-inline"> <a 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data-drupal-link-system-path="node/848">Applicant Guidance for Simplifying the Review Framework for Most Research Project Grants</a> <div class="d-none"> </div> </li> <li class="level-4 py-0 px-0 border-0 list-inline"> <a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/peer-review/simplifying-review/notices" class="dropdown-item py-2 ps-2 text-wrap" role="button" title="Expand menu Notices, Statements and Reports" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/110">Notices, Statements and Reports</a> <div class="d-none"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="level-3 py-0 px-0 border-0 dropdown list-inline"> <a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/peer-review/revisions-nih-fellowship-application-review-process" class="dropdown-item py-2 ps-2 text-wrap d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" role="button" title="Expand menu Revisions to the NIH Fellowship Application and Review Process" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/499"> Revisions to the NIH Fellowship Application and Review 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and Resources for NIH Staff">Anti-Sexual Harassment Policies and Resources for NIH Staff</a> <div class="d-none"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="order-1 order-lg-2 syndicate col-12 col-lg-9 ps-0 ps-lg-5"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-nihod5-subtheme-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block"> <h1><strong><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Case Studies</span> </strong></h1> </div> <div id="block-nihod5-subtheme-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article class="node node--type-page node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-block-node-page-field-scope-note"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-scope-note field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Scope Note</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The scenarios below are based on real cases. Given the hundreds of cases and repetitive patterns we have seen, the scenarios below cannot be linked to any one individual.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-block-node-page-body"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div data-ds-id="k4p5mvp5" class="accordion accordion-flush" id="caseStudies"> <div class="accordion-item border border-light border-2 mb-2"> <h2 class="accordion-header" id="headingOne1"> <button class="accordion-button bg-tertiary bg-opacity-50" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseOne1" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="collapseOne1"><strong class="text-dark"> Case 1: Duplicative Funding</strong></button> </h2> <div class="accordion-collapse collapse show" id="collapseOne1" aria-labelledby="headingOne1" data-bs-parent="#caseStudies"> <div class="accordion-body"> <ul> <li> An NIH-funded scientist is employed by both <ul> <li> an American medical school on a 12-month schedule, and </li> <li> a foreign university on a 6-month contract. </li> </ul> </li> <li> The American medical school is unaware of the 6-month foreign contract. </li> <li> The foreign university contract includes >$500,000 per year of funding support, along with provision of laboratory space, equipment, and trained staff. There is a personal signing bonus of $150,000, a salary of >$100,000 per year, a housing allowing of $75,000, and covered travel. </li> <li> The scientist has told the American medical school that he is giving a few lectures at the foreign university, but nothing more. On his internal disclosure documents, he checks “No” when asked about outside research activities and outside employment. </li> <li> The scientist has a fully functioning lab in the foreign university. </li> <li> After receiving support for a project proposal on an NIH grant award, the scientist arranges for the same proposal to be translated into a foreign language and submitted to a foreign government funding agency through his foreign university employer. </li> <li> The foreign funding agency issues the award to the scientist through the foreign university. </li> <li> Six months later the scientist is asked on a standard NIH progress report, “Has there been any change in other research support for your individual research endeavors?” He answers, “No, NOTHING TO REPORT” - a false statement. </li> <li> He translates the NIH progress report into a foreign language and submits it to the foreign funding agency as evidence of progress in his foreign university laboratory. </li> <li> When the American medical school learned of these previously undisclosed activities, it: <ul> <li> took an employment action, and </li> <li> refunded the NIH >$1 million for duplicative funding. </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-item border border-light border-2 mb-2"> <h2 class="accordion-header" id="headingTwo"> <button class="accordion-button bg-tertiary bg-opacity-50 collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseTwo1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseTwo1"><strong class="text-dark"> Case 2: Conflict of Interest</strong></button> </h2> <div class="accordion-collapse collapse" id="collapseTwo1" aria-labelledby="headingTwo" data-bs-parent="#caseStudies"> <div class="accordion-body"> <ul> <li> An NIH-funded scientist is employed by an American medical school on a 12-month schedule. </li> <li> He owns majority equity interest in a foreign company valued at $20 million. The company is receiving patents and selling products derived from his American NIH-funded research. </li> <li> The American medical school is unaware of the scientist's equity interest in the foreign company. </li> <li> On annual internal disclosure form, he checks “No” when asked about significant financial interests - a false statement. </li> <li> On NIH grants, his institution declares that there are no financial conflicts of interest to disclose or manage. </li> <li> When the American medical school learned of these previously undisclosed financial interests, it took an employment action. </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-item border border-light border-2 mb-2"> <h2 class="accordion-header" id="headingThree"> <button class="accordion-button bg-tertiary bg-opacity-50 collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseThree1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseThree1"><strong class="text-dark"> Case 3: Dishonesty After-the-Fact </strong></button> </h2> <div class="accordion-collapse collapse" id="collapseThree1" aria-labelledby="headingThree" data-bs-parent="#caseStudies"> <div class="accordion-body"> <ul> <li> An NIH-funded scientist is employed by <ul> <li> An American medical school on a 12-month schedule </li> <li> A foreign university on a full-time “Talents” contract </li> </ul> </li> <li> The American medical school had a long-standing rule that any outside employment or outside research support must be pre-approved by a high-level institutional official. </li> <li> The Talents award contract include $1,000,000 start-up funds followed by $250,000 of research funds per year, along with laboratory space, equipment, and trained staff. There is a personal signing bonus of $150,000, a salary of >$100,000 per year, a housing allowing of $75,000, and covered travel. </li> <li> The Talents award contract requires the scientist to apply for additional funds from a foreign science funding agency through his foreign employer. The scientist successfully applies for several grants, stating that he will commit 9 calendar months per year to work on those foreign grants. He is already committed for 6 months on NIH grants. </li> <li> The scientist acknowledges support from the foreign grants on his publications, in which he identifies the foreign university as his primary affiliation. </li> <li> The American medical school is unaware of the full-time foreign Talents contract and the foreign grants. </li> <li> NIH learns of the Talents awards and asks the American medical school for information to assess possible scientific, budgetary, commitment overlap, and/or financial conflict of interest. </li> <li> The American medical school asks the scientist about these activities, and he categorically denies any foreign employment or grant support. He says that the Talents award is “just an honor, nothing more.” He says that any foreign grants were written by others without his permission. </li> <li> The American medical school discovers: <ul> <li> Signed Talents application </li> <li> Talents shortlisting notification </li> <li> Signed Talents contract - which includes financial support for research </li> <li> Signed foreign university contract </li> <li> Funded foreign grants, along with correspondence indicating that the scientist played an active role in writing the proposals </li> </ul> </li> <li> When confronted, the scientist continued to deny any foreign activities other than the “honor.” </li> <li> The American medical school took an employment action. </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-item border border-light border-2 mb-2"> <h2 class="accordion-header" id="headingFour"> <button class="accordion-button bg-tertiary bg-opacity-50 collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseFour1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseFour1"><strong class="text-dark"> Case 4: Overcommitment and Dishonesty After-the-Fact</strong></button> </h2> <div class="accordion-collapse collapse" id="collapseFour1" aria-labelledby="headingFour" data-bs-parent="#caseStudies"> <div class="accordion-body"> <ul> <li> NIH-funded scientist is employed by both: <ul> <li> An American medical school on a 12-month schedule, and </li> <li> A foreign university on a full-time contract </li> </ul> </li> <li> His American medical school is unaware of the full-time foreign contract. </li> <li> Through his foreign affiliation, the scientist has been supported on 5 foreign grants over the past 7 years; at least 2 foreign grant awards are active. None of the foreign grants have been mentioned in any NIH grant document. </li> <li> The scientist cites the foreign grants as sources of support in multiple publications. </li> <li> NIH contacts the American medical school, asking about the undisclosed foreign grants. </li> <li> The American Medical School states that the scientist denies receiving any foreign funds. </li> <li> When the NIH pushes back, the American Medical School locates several foreign grant applications which clearly identify the scientist as the PI. Furthermore, foreign web sites, along with publications, identify the foreign grants as linked to the PI. </li> <li> The scientist now claims that the apparent link between him and the foreign grants is because he allowed his name to be used as PI in order to help a former student now based in the foreign country. The scientist claims he never even read the grant (the grant in which he is designated as PI). </li> <li> Upon further investigation, the American Medical School determines that the PI in fact played a major role in writing the grant and in overseeing the work supported by the grant at the foreign university. The American Medical School found that he spent an inordinate amount of time away from campus, far more than allowed under outside activity rules. </li> <li> The American medical school: <ul> <li> Took employment actions </li> <li> Refunded the NIH for time spent charging for salary when the scientist was based at his foreign employer </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-item border border-light border-2 mb-2"> <h2 class="accordion-header" id="headingFive"> <button class="accordion-button bg-tertiary bg-opacity-50 collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseFive1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseFive1"><strong class="text-dark"> Case 5: Comfort Letters and Dishonesty</strong></button> </h2> <div class="accordion-collapse collapse" id="collapseFive1" aria-labelledby="headingFive" data-bs-parent="#caseStudies"> <div class="accordion-body"> <ul> <li> NIH-funded scientist is employed by an American medical school on a 12-month schedule. </li> <li> In 2019, NIH identifies three publications where the scientist listed a foreign university affiliation along with his American medical school affiliation. In addition, the foreign university’s website lists the scientist as affiliated with the foreign university and describes the scientist’s selection into a foreign Talent program. </li> <li> That same month, NIH contacted the American medical school, asking about the scientist’s foreign university affiliation, any undisclosed foreign support and selection into a foreign Talent program. </li> <li> Two months later, the American medical school provided NIH with their review, initially concluding that the scientist has compiled with the NIH disclosure requirements. <ul> <li> The scientist denied any formal affiliation, appointment, or Talent Program contract. The scientist acknowledged receiving a Talent prize but stated it was honorific and had no renumeration or associated obligation. </li> <li> The scientist told the American medical school that some of the work described in the three publications was conducted by collaborators at the foreign university. The research conducted at the foreign university was reported as a foreign component in the NIH award progress reports. </li> <li> The Senior Deputy Director of Research at the foreign university provided <strong>"comfort" letters</strong> to <a href="/sites/default/files/foreign-case-studies-Attachment-1-Letter-Redacted.pdf">the scientist</a> <i class="bi bi-file-earmark-pdf-fill"></i> and <a href="/sites/default/files/foreign-case-studies-Attachment-2-Letter-Redacted.pdf">the American medical school</a> <i class="bi bi-file-earmark-pdf-fill"></i> to certify that the scientist was honorably invited as a guest professor, did not hold any official faculty position, had no contract, and had not applied or been selected for the Talents Program as the scientist was not eligible to apply. The letter to the scientist also stated erroneous information was posted on foreign websites. </li> </ul> </li> <li> In 2020, the American medical school reported to NIH that they discovered documents indicating the scientist did receive a Talent program award and had a formal agreement with the foreign university. <ul> <li> The signed Talents award application required the scientist to advise and instruct a research team of 20 people, including professors, scientists, and students, to conduct research similar to the NIH-funded research work. </li> <li> <a href="/sites/default/files/foreign-case-studies-Attachment-3-TTP-agreement.pdf">The signed Talents Program agreement</a> <i class="bi bi-file-earmark-pdf-fill"></i> through the foreign university stipulated a 3-year appointment term, working 1-3 months a year as a “distinguished part-time professor.” The scientist received over $100,000 in monies paid directly to him and in support of an annual living allowance. </li> </ul> </li> <li> The American medical school removed the scientist from all NIH awards. </li> <li> The scientist took a leave of absence. </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-extra-field-block-node-page-workbench-moderation-control"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div id="block-grants-learningcenterresources" class="block block-oer-resources-module block-learning-center-resources-block"> </div> </div> <hr class="my-4"> <small class="d-block w-100 text-end mb-5 last-updated-block"> This page last updated on: September 10, 2024<br> For technical issues <a href="/contact-us">E-mail OER Webmaster</a> </small> <div id="embed-survey" class="my-4 position-relative z-1"><div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="mt-auto "> <div class="container my-0 p-4 px-lg-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col px-0"> <div class="region region-footer"> <div id="block-nihod5-subtheme-frontendfooter" class="block block-block-content block-block-content-4008fb8e-386e-447e-bfc4-b1cf3d42bf9a"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="container-fluid pt-1"><div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-lg-4 gx-5 gy-5"><section><p><img class="mb-3 w-100 pe-lg-5" src="https://github.com/OER-WEB-TEAM/design-system--logos/blob/main/outputs/grants-funding--logo/notagline/grants-funding--logo-white-@3X.png?raw=true" alt="Grants & Funding logo"></p><p>National Institutes of Health<br>Bethesda, MD 20892</p><h4 class="mt-5 pb-2 mb-3 border-bottom me-5">Stay Connected</h4><ul class="stay-connected"><li><div class="d-flex gap-4"><a href="https://x.com/NIHgrants?mx=2" title="X"><i class="bi bi-twitter-x fs-4"></i></a></div></li><li><div class="d-flex gap-4"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/nihgrants" title="YouTube"><i class="bi bi-youtube fs-4"></i></a></div></li><li><div class="d-flex gap-4"><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/office-of-extramural-research" title="LinkedIn"><i class="bi bi-linkedin fs-4"></i></a></div></li><li><div class="d-flex gap-4"><a href="/news-events/subscribe-follow/email-updates-and-rss-feeds#rss-feeds" title="RSS Feeds"><i class="bi bi-rss-fill fs-4"></i></a></div></li></ul><p><a class="btn btn-light btn-md btn-block ms-0 mt-3" href="/news-events/subscribe-follow/email-updates-and-rss-feeds">Subscribe for Grant News</a></p></section><section><h4 class="pb-2 mb-3 border-bottom">Government Sites</h4><p><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">Health and Human Services</a></p><p><a href="https://www.nih.gov/">National Institutes of Health</a></p><p><a href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov - 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