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Definition/Hr - Definition of Free Cultural Works

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Definition/Hr - Definition of Free Cultural Works</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0a5afdd86e962760669a9fc0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Definition/Hr","wgTitle":"Definition/Hr","wgCurRevisionId":21316,"wgRevisionId":21316,"wgArticleId":2746,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Definition/Hr","wgRelevantArticleId":2746,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[]};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready", "user.options":"loading","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.legacy.js"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=skins.vector.styles.legacy&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.41.1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1000"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="/index.php?title=Definition/Hr&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch_desc.php" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://freedomdefined.org/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="license" href="https://freedomdefined.org/Licenses/CC-BY-2.5"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works Atom feed" href="/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Definition_Hr rootpage-Definition_Hr skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="localNotice"><div class="sitenotice" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Version 1.1 of the <a href="/Definition" title="Definition">definition</a> has been released. Please <a href="/Definition/Unstable" title="Definition/Unstable">help updating it</a>, contribute <a href="/Translations" title="Translations">translations</a>, and help us with the design of <a href="/Logos_and_buttons" title="Logos and buttons">logos and buttons</a> to identify free cultural works and licenses!</b> </p></div></div></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Definition/Hr</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Definition of Free Cultural Works</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p><small> </small></p><small><ul><li>Original, v.1.1: <a href="/Definition" title="Definition">English</a></li> <li>Translations, v.1.1: <a href="/Definition/Ar" title="Definition/Ar">العربية</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Bg" title="Definition/Bg">български</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Ca" title="Definition/Ca">català</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Cs" title="Definition/Cs">čeština</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/De" title="Definition/De">Deutsch</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/El" title="Definition/El">Ελληνικά</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Eo" title="Definition/Eo">Esperanto</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Es" title="Definition/Es">español</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Fa" title="Definition/Fa">فارسی</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Fr" title="Definition/Fr">français</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Gl" title="Definition/Gl">galego</a>&#160;&#8226; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">hrvatski</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/It" title="Definition/It">italiano</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Ko" title="Definition/Ko">한국어</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Mk" title="Definition/Mk">македонски</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Mr" title="Definition/Mr">मराठी</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Nb" title="Definition/Nb">norsk bokmål</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Nl" title="Definition/Nl">Nederlands</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Nn" title="Definition/Nn">norsk nynorsk</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Pl" title="Definition/Pl">polski</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Pt" title="Definition/Pt">português</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Ro" title="Definition/Ro">română</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Ru" title="Definition/Ru">русский</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Sk" title="Definition/Sk">slovenčina</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Sl" title="Definition/Sl">slovenščina</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Sv" title="Definition/Sv">svenska</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/Definition/Vi" title="Definition/Vi">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li>Translations, v.1.0 (update/review pending): <a href="/Definition/Fi" title="Definition/Fi">suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/Translations" title="Translations">More in progress</a></li></ul></small><small></small><p><small></small> </p> <h2><span id="Sa.C5.BEetak"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Sažetak">Sažetak</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=Definition/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Sažetak">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Ovaj dokument definira "slobodne kulturne radove" (eng. "Free Cultural Works") kao djela ili izričaje koji su slobodni za proučavanje, korištenje, dupliciranje i/ili prepravljanje od strane bilo koga i u bilo koju svrhu. Također, opisuje određena dozvoljena ograničenja koja poštuju ili štite ove ključne slobode. Definicija razlikuje <i>slobodna djela</i> od <i><a href="/Licenses" title="Licenses">slobodnih licenci</a></i> koje se mogu koristiti za pravnu zaštitu statusa slobodnog djela. Definicija sama po sebi nije licenca, već alat za prosuđivanje da li bi se djelo ili licencu trebalo smatrati "slobodnom". </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Predgovor">Predgovor</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=Definition/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Predgovor">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Društveni i tehnološki napredak omogućuju sve većem broju ljudi u svijetu <i>pristup, stvaranje, mijenjanje, objavljivanje, i raspačavanje</i> djela raznih vrsta - umjetničkih, znanstvenih i edukacijskih materijala, softvera, članaka - ukratko: <i>bilo čeka što se može pohraniti u digitalnom obliku</i>. Mnoge zajednice osnovane su kako bi iskoristile te nove mogućnosti i stvorile bogatstvo javno korisnih djela. </p><p>Većini je autora, neovisno o području njihova rada i amaterskom ili profesionalnom statusu, u interesu biti dio takvog okruženja u kojem se djela mogu širiti, nanovo koristiti i dorađivati na kreativan način. Što je lakše opetovano koristiti i doraditi djelo, to veće postaje naše kulturno bogatstvo. </p><p>Kako bi se osiguralo nesmetano funkcioniranje ovakvog okruženja, djela autora moraju biti <b>slobodna</b>, a pod <b>slobodama</b> podrazumijevamo: </p> <ul><li><b>slobodu korištenja</b> djela i uživanja pogodnosti proizašlih iz njegova korištenja</li> <li><b>slobodu proučavanja</b> djela i primjene tako stečenog znanja</li> <li><b>slobodu stvaranja i raspačavanja duplikata</b> informacija ili izričaja, bilo cijelih ili djelomičnih</li> <li><b>slobodu stvaranja izmjena i poboljšanja</b>, te slobodu raspačavanja izmijenjenih djela</li></ul> <p>Ove slobode trebaju vrijediti za svakoga, bilo gdje i bilo kada. Ne smiju biti ograničene kontekstom u kojem se djelo koristi. Stvaralaštvo je čin korištenja postojećih sredstava na nov, odnosno nepredviđen način. </p><p>Naprotiv, u većini zemalja ove slobode nisu na snazi, nego su sputane skupom zakona koje jednim imenom zovemo <i>zakoni o autorskim pravima</i>. Ti zakoni autora dižu na razinu božanskog stvoritelja, dajući im isključiv monopol na to kako se "njihov sadržaj" smije koristiti. Ovaj monopol ometa cvjetanje kulture, a ne pomaže toliko ni ekonomskoj situaciji autora, koliko štiti poslovne modele najmoćnijih izdavačkih kompanija. </p><p>Bez poduzete akcije od strane autora, njihova djela padaju pod postojeći zakoni o autorskim pravima, što ozbiljno ograničava što drugi mogu i ne mogu s njim činiti. Autori mogu učiniti svoje djelo slobodnim tako da odaberu jedan od pravnih dokumenata koje se nazivaju <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/license/Hr" class="extiw" title="w:license/Hr">slobodnim licencama</a>. Za autora, odluka da stavi svoje djelo pod <i>slobodnu licencu</i> ne znači da gubi sva svoja prava, nego to svima drugima daje gore navedene slobode. </p><p>Važno je da svako djelo za koje se tvrdi da je slobodno, pruža - praktično i bez rizika - gore navedene slobode. Zbog toga u daljnjem tekstu dajemo preciznu <i>definiciju sloboda</i> za licence i autorska djela. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Identificiranje_slobodnih_kulturnih_radova">Identificiranje slobodnih kulturnih radova</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=Definition/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Identificiranje slobodnih kulturnih radova">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Ovo je <i>definicija djela slobodne kulture</i> (eng. "Free Cultural Works") i potičemo vas da na nju upućujete kada opisujete svoje djelo, npr. na sljedeći način: "Ovo je djelo licencirano slobodnom licencom, kao što je objašnjeno u <i>Definiciji djela slobodne kulture</i>." Ako vam se ne sviđa izraz "Djelo slobodne kulture", možete koristiti općenit pojam "slobodan sadržaj" ili uputiti na jedan od <a href="/index.php?title=Existing_Movements/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Existing Movements/Hr (page does not exist)">postojećih pokreta</a> koji objašnjavaju slične slobode u specifičnim kontekstima. Također, potičemo vas da koristite <a href="/index.php?title=Logos_and_buttons/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Logos and buttons/Hr (page does not exist)">logotipove i značke za djela slobodne kulture</a>, koji pripadaju javnoj domeni. </p><p>Budite, molimo, svjesni da takva obilježja sama <i>ne</i> pružaju prava opisana u ovoj definicij; kako bi vaše djelo bilo zaista slobodno, ono mora koristiti jednu od <a href="/index.php?title=Licenses/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Licenses/Hr (page does not exist)">licenci</a> slobodne kulture, ili biti u javnoj domeni. </p><p>Preporučujemo da ne koristite druge izraze za označavanje djela slobodne kulture, koji ne prenose jasnu definiciju sloboda, poput "otvoren sadržaj" i "otvoren pristup". Ovi izrazi često se koriste za sadržaj koji je dostupan pod "manje ograničavajućim" uvjetima od onih koje pružaju postojeći zakoni o autorskim pravima, ili čak za djela koje su samo "dostupna na webu". </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Definiranje_slobodnih_kulturnih_licenca">Definiranje slobodnih kulturnih licenca</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=Definition/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Definiranje slobodnih kulturnih licenca">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Licence su pravno sredstvo pomoću kojih vlasnik određenih zakonskih prava može prenijeti rečena prava trećim osobama. License slobodnog društva ne oduzimaju prava -- korisnik ih ne mora prihvatiti, a ako ih prihvati, daju mu slobode koje zakon o autorskim pravima sam ne pruža. Ukoliko se prihvate, ne ograničuju niti umanjuju važeće iznimke u zakonu o autorskim pravima. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Osnovne_slobode">Osnovne slobode</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=Definition/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Osnovne slobode">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Kako bi se mogle nazivati "slobodnima" po ovoj definiciji, od licenci se zahtjeva da pružaju sljedeće slobode, bez ograničenja: </p> <ul><li><b>Sloboda korištenja i izvođenja djela:</b> Korisniku licence mora biti dozvoljeno bilo kakvo korištenje djela, bilo privatno ili javno. Za ona djela za koja je to važno, ova sloboda treba uključivati svo izvedeno korištenje ("povezana prava"), poput izvođenja ili interpretacije djela. Ne smiju postojati iznimke koje se, na primjer, tiču politike ili vjere.</li> <li><b>Sloboda proučavanja djela i korištenja stečenih informacija:</b> Korisniku licence mora biti dozvoljeno proučiti djelo i koristiti znanje stečeno proučavanjem u bilo koju svrhu. Licenca ne smije, na primjer, sputavati "obrnuti inženjering".</li> <li><b>Sloboda raspačavanja duplikata:</b> Duplikati se mogu prodavati, razmjenjivati, ili besplatno davati, bilo kao dio većeg djela, kolekcije ili zasebno. Ne smije biti ograničenja na količinu informacija koju se smije duplicirati. Također, ne smije biti ograničenja na to tko smije duplicirati informacije, ili gdje se one smiju duplicirati.</li> <li><b>Sloboda raspačavanja izvedenih djela:</b> Kako bi se svima pružila mogućnost dorađivanja djela, licenca ne smije ograničiti slobodu raspačavanja izmijenjenih verzija (ili, radi li se o fizičkim djelima, djela na neki način izvedena iz originala), neovisno o namjeri i svrsi takvih izmjena. Ipak, neka se ograničenja smiju primijeniti kako bi se zaštitilo rečene ključne slobode ili pripisivanje zasluga utorima (vidi ispod).</li></ul> <h3><span id="Dopu.C5.A1tena_ograni.C4.8Denja"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Dopuštena_ograničenja">Dopuštena ograničenja</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=Definition/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Dopuštena ograničenja">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Ne ometaju sva ograničenja uporabe ili raspačavanja djela ključne slobode. Preciznije; zahtjevanje priznanja zasluga, reciprocitetne suradnje (i.e., "copyleft"), kao i zaštite ključnih sloboda smatraju se <a href="/index.php?title=Permissible_restrictions/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Permissible restrictions/Hr (page does not exist)">dopuštenim ograničenjima</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Definiranje_slobodnih_kulturnih_radova">Definiranje slobodnih kulturnih radova</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=Definition/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Definiranje slobodnih kulturnih radova">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Kako bi se moglo smatrati slobodnim, djelo mora biti pod licencom slobodne kulture, ili njegov pravni status mora pružati iste gore pobrojane ključne slobode. Ipak, to nije jedini uvjet. Pojedina djela mogu biti neslobodna na druge načine, i njima ograničiti ključne slobode. Sljedeći dodatni uvjeti trebaju biti zadovoljeni kako bi se djelo moglo smatrati slobodnim: </p> <ul><li><b>Dostupnost izvornih podataka:</b> Kod djela dobivenih kompilacijom ili obradom jedne ili više izvornih datoteka, uz samo djelo, i svi korišteni podaci trebali bi biti dostupni pod jednakim uvjetima. To mogu biti: partitura skladbe, modeli korišteni u 3D sceni, podaci iz znanstvenog rada, izvorni kod računalne aplikacije, ili koje druge slične informacije.</li> <li><b>Korištenje slobodnog formata:</b> Za digitalne datoteke, format u kojem je djelo učinjeno dostupnim ne bi smio biti zaštićen patentima, osim ako je besplatno dana globalna, neograničena i neopoziva dozvola korištenja patentirane tehnologije. Iako se neslobodni formati mogu ponekad koristiti zbog praktičnih razloga, duplikat djela u slobodnom formatu mora biti dostupan kako bi se djelo moglo smatrati slobodnim.</li> <li><b>Bez tehničkih ograničenja:</b> Djelo mora biti dostupno na način da gore navedene slobode nisu ograničene nikakvom tehničkom mjerom.</li> <li><b>Bez drugih ograničenja ili uvjeta:</b> Samo djelo ne smije biti pokriveno takvim zakonskim ograničenjima (patenti, ugovori i sl.) ili uvjetima (npr. pravo na privatnost) koja bi ometala gore navedene slobode. Određeno djelo moglo bi koristiti postojeće zakonske iznimke autorskom pravu (u svrhu citiranja njime zaštićena djela), a da su samo neki njegovi dijelovi zaista slobodni.</li></ul> <p>Drugim riječima, kada god korisnik djela ne može zakonski ili praktično ostvariti svoje osnovne slobode, djelo se ne može smatrati, niti bi se trebalo zvati "slobodnim". </p> <h2><span id="Daljnje_.C4.8Ditanje"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Daljnje_čitanje">Daljnje čitanje</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=Definition/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Daljnje čitanje">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li>Vidi <a href="/index.php?title=Licenses/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Licenses/Hr (page does not exist)">Licence</a> za diskusiju o pojedinim licencama i tome da li zadovoljavaju ovu definiciju.</li> <li>Vidi <a href="/index.php?title=History/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="History/Hr (page does not exist)">Povijest</a> za pozadinu i zasluge za ovu definiciju.</li> <li>Vidi <a href="/index.php?title=FAQ/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="FAQ/Hr (page does not exist)">Često postavljana pitanja</a> za pokoje pitanje i odgovor.</li> <li>Vidi <a href="/Portal:Index" title="Portal:Index">Portal:Index</a> za tematske stranice o djelima slobodne kulture.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Verzije">Verzije</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=Definition/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Verzije">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Nove verzije ove definicije biti će izdane čim se postigne dogovor (direktno ili glasanjem, kako je navedeno u <a href="/index.php?title=Authoring_process/Hr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Authoring process/Hr (page does not exist)">stvaralačkom procesu</a> oko predloženih izmjena. Numeriranje će biti: 0.x za prvotno izdane nacrte, 1.x, 2.x .. za važnija izdanja, x.1, x.2 .. za sporedna izdanja. Pod sporednim izdanjima misli se na takve izmjene teksta koje ne utječu na to koje su licence obuhvaćene ovom definicijom. </p><p><br /> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20241123101509 Cache expiry: 86400 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.018 seconds Real time usage: 0.019 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 68/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1602/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 2.297 1 Template:Definition-langs 100.00% 2.297 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key wiki_freedomdefined:pcache:idhash:2746-0!canonical and timestamp 20241123101509 and revision id 21316. 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