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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Apartment" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Apartment" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Terminology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_housing_tenure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_housing_tenure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>By housing tenure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_housing_tenure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_size_of_the_building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_size_of_the_building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>By size of the building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_size_of_the_building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>By country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_and_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_and_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types and characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_and_characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types and characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_and_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Studio_apartment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studio_apartment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Studio apartment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studio_apartment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garden_apartment_(US)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garden_apartment_(US)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Garden apartment (US)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garden_apartment_(US)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garden_flat_(UK)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garden_flat_(UK)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Garden flat (UK)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garden_flat_(UK)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basement_apartment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basement_apartment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Basement apartment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basement_apartment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garret_apartment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garret_apartment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Garret apartment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garret_apartment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_suite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_suite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Secondary suite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_suite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salon_apartment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salon_apartment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Salon apartment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salon_apartment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maisonette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maisonette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Maisonette</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maisonette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-One_dwelling_with_two_storeys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#One_dwelling_with_two_storeys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>One dwelling with two storeys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-One_dwelling_with_two_storeys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Small_buildings_with_a_few_one-storey_dwellings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Small_buildings_with_a_few_one-storey_dwellings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Small buildings with a few one-storey dwellings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Small_buildings_with_a_few_one-storey_dwellings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loft_apartment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loft_apartment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Loft apartment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loft_apartment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penthouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penthouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Penthouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penthouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communal_apartment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communal_apartment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Communal apartment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communal_apartment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serviced_apartment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serviced_apartment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Serviced apartment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serviced_apartment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>Facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Various" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Various"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16</span> <span>Various</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Various-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historical examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Columbian_Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Columbian_Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pre-Columbian Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Columbian_Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Rome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Rome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ancient Rome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_and_medieval_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_and_medieval_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ancient and medieval Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_and_medieval_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Yemen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Ancient China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Current examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Apartment</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woonstel" title="Woonstel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Woonstel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%82%D8%A9" title="شقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartamentu" title="Apartamentu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Apartamentu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-ph%C3%A1-t%C3%B2" title="A-phá-tò – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="A-phá-tò" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кватэра – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кватэра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кватэра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кватэра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Апартамент – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Апартамент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartament" title="Apartament – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Apartament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хваттер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хваттер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byt" title="Byt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Byt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhandy" title="Rhandy – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhandy" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lejlighed" title="Lejlighed – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lejlighed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wohnung" title="Wohnung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wohnung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korter" title="Korter – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Korter" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%82" title="Эрявт – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эрявт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartamento" title="Apartamento – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apartamento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartamento" title="Apartamento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Apartamento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartamentu" title="Apartamentu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Apartamentu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آپارتمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آپارتمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appartement" title="Appartement – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Appartement" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appartemint" title="Appartemint – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Appartemint" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ras%C3%A1n" title="Árasán – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Árasán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartamento" title="Apartamento – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Apartamento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8C%8C%ED%8A%B8" title="아파트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아파트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բնակարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բնակարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan" title="Stan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartamento" title="Apartamento – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Apartamento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartemen" title="Apartemen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Apartemen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Db%C3%BA%C3%B0" title="Íbúð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íbúð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appartamento" title="Appartamento – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Appartamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="דירה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartem%C3%A8n" title="Apartemèn – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Apartemèn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಪಾರ್ಟ್‌ಮಂಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಪಾರ್ಟ್‌ಮಂಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ბინა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пәтер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пәтер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Батир – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Батир" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaeta_(aedificium)" title="Diaeta (aedificium) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Diaeta (aedificium)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz%C4%ABvoklis" title="Dzīvoklis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzīvoklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wunneng" title="Wunneng – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wunneng" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butas" title="Butas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Butas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Стан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangsapuri" title="Pangsapuri – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pangsapuri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appartement" title="Appartement – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Appartement" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="アパート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アパート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leilighet" title="Leilighet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Leilighet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mieszkanie" title="Mieszkanie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mieszkanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartamento" title="Apartamento – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apartamento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartament" title="Apartament – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apartament" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Квартира – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Квартира" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartamenti" title="Apartamenti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Apartamenti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartu_di_casa" title="Quartu di casa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Quartu di casa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartment" title="Apartment – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Apartment" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byt" title="Byt – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Byt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanovanje" title="Stanovanje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stanovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئەپارتمان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەپارتمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Стан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan" title="Stan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartem%C3%A9n" title="Apartemén – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Apartemén" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huoneisto" title="Huoneisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Huoneisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4genhet" title="Lägenhet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lägenhet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="அடுக்குமாடி வீட்டுத்தொகுதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அடுக்குமாடி வீட்டுத்தொகுதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2" title="ห้องอยู่อาศัย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ห้องอยู่อาศัย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartman" title="Apartman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Apartman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Квартира – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Квартира" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="فلیٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلیٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartamento" title="Apartamento – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Apartamento" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chung_c%C6%B0" title="Chung cư – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chung cư" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AF%93" title="公寓 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="公寓" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="住宅單位 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="住宅單位" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartman" title="Apartman – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Apartman" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AF%93" title="公寓 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="公寓" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188507#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Apartment" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Apartment" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Self-contained housing unit occupying part of a building</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the type of housing. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Apartment_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Apartment (disambiguation)">Apartment (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:23rd_St_6th_Av_19_-_Chelsea_Stratus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/23rd_St_6th_Av_19_-_Chelsea_Stratus.jpg/220px-23rd_St_6th_Av_19_-_Chelsea_Stratus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/23rd_St_6th_Av_19_-_Chelsea_Stratus.jpg/330px-23rd_St_6th_Av_19_-_Chelsea_Stratus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/23rd_St_6th_Av_19_-_Chelsea_Stratus.jpg/440px-23rd_St_6th_Av_19_-_Chelsea_Stratus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>A lower-rise apartment building on the left side of the <a href="/wiki/Avenue_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Avenue of the Americas">Avenue of the Americas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, juxtaposed next to a <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscraper</a> apartment building</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>apartment</b> (<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a>), <b>flat</b> (<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian English</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">South African English</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, or <b>unit</b> (<a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a>) is a self-contained <a href="/wiki/Housing_unit" title="Housing unit">housing unit</a> (a type of residential <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a>) that occupies part of a building, generally on a single story. There are many names for these overall buildings (see below). The <a href="/wiki/Housing_tenure" title="Housing tenure">housing tenure</a> of apartments also varies considerably, from large-scale <a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">public housing</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Owner_occupancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Owner occupancy">owner occupancy</a> within what is legally a <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">condominium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Strata_title" title="Strata title">strata title</a> or <a href="/wiki/Commonhold" title="Commonhold">commonhold</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Leasehold" class="mw-redirect" title="Leasehold">leasehold</a>, to tenants <a href="/wiki/Renting" title="Renting">renting</a> from a private landlord. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>apartment</i> is favoured in North America (although in some Canadian cities, <i>flat</i> is used for a unit which is part of a house containing two or three units, typically one to a floor<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In the UK, the term <i>apartment</i> is more usual in professional <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architectural" class="mw-redirect" title="Architectural">architectural</a> circles where otherwise the term <i>flat</i> is used commonly, but not exclusively, for an apartment on a single level (hence a "flat" apartment). </p><p>In some countries, the word "<a href="/wiki/Unit_(housing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit (housing)">unit</a>" is a more general term referring to both apartments and rental business <a href="/wiki/Suite_(address)" title="Suite (address)">suites</a>. The word 'unit' is generally used only in the context of a specific building. </p><p>"Mixed-use buildings" combine commercial and residential uses within the same structure. Typically, mixed-use buildings consist of businesses on the lower floors (often retail in street-facing ground floor and supporting subterranean levels) and residential apartments on the upper floors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_housing_tenure">By housing tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By housing tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_James_Town1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/St_James_Town1.jpg/220px-St_James_Town1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/St_James_Town1.jpg/330px-St_James_Town1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/St_James_Town1.jpg/440px-St_James_Town1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Low-income_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-income housing">Low-income housing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/St._James_Town" title="St. James Town">St. James Town</a> neighbourhood in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tenement_(law)" title="Tenement (law)">Tenement law</a> refers to the <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> basis of permanent property such as land or rents. It may be found combined as in "<a href="/wiki/Messuage" class="mw-redirect" title="Messuage">Messuage</a> or Tenement" to encompass all the land, buildings and other assets of a property. </p><p>In the United States, some apartment-dwellers own their units, either as a <a href="/wiki/Housing_cooperative" title="Housing cooperative">housing cooperative</a>, in which the residents own shares of a corporation that owns the building or development; or in a <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">condominium</a>, whose residents own their apartments and share ownership of the public spaces. Most apartments are in buildings designed for the purpose, but large older <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">houses</a> are sometimes divided into apartments. The word <i>apartment</i> denotes a residential unit or section in a building. In some locations, particularly the United States, the word connotes a rental unit owned by the building owner, and is not typically used for a condominium. </p><p>In England and Wales, some flat owners own shares in the company that owns the <a href="/wiki/Fee_simple" title="Fee simple">freehold</a> of the building as well as holding the flat under a lease. This arrangement is commonly known as a "share of freehold" flat. The freehold company has the right to collect annual ground rents from each of the flat owners in the building. The freeholder can also develop or sell the building, subject to the usual planning and restrictions that might apply. This situation does not happen in Scotland, where long leasehold of residential property was formerly unusual, and is now impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_size_of_the_building">By size of the building</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: By size of the building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:English_Bay_Vancouver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/English_Bay_Vancouver.jpg/220px-English_Bay_Vancouver.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/English_Bay_Vancouver.jpg/330px-English_Bay_Vancouver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/English_Bay_Vancouver.jpg/440px-English_Bay_Vancouver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2578" data-file-height="1926" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/High-rise_building" class="mw-redirect" title="High-rise building">High-rise buildings</a> in the <a href="/wiki/English_Bay_(Vancouver)" class="mw-redirect" title="English Bay (Vancouver)">English Bay</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, Canada</figcaption></figure> <p>Apartment buildings are <a href="/wiki/Multi-story" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-story">multi-story</a> buildings where three or more residences are contained within one structure. Such a building may be called an <i>apartment building</i>, <i>apartment complex</i>, <i>flat complex</i>, <i>block of flats</i>, <i>tower block</i>, <i>high-rise</i> or, occasionally, <i>mansion block</i> (in British English), especially if it consists of many apartments for rent. A high-rise apartment building is commonly referred to as a <i>residential tower</i>, <i>apartment tower</i>, or <i>block of flats</i> in Australia. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/High-rise_building" class="mw-redirect" title="High-rise building">high-rise building</a> is defined by its height differently in various <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdictions</a>. It may be only residential, in which case it might also be called a tower block, or it might include other functions such as hotels, offices, or shops. There is no clear difference between a tower block and a <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscraper</a>, although a building with fifty or more stories is generally considered a skyscraper.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High-rise buildings became possible with the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevator</a> (lift) and cheaper, more abundant building materials. Their <a href="/wiki/Structural_system" title="Structural system">structural system</a> usually is made of <a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Low-rise_building" title="Low-rise building">low-rise building</a> and mid-rise buildings have fewer stories, but the limits are not always clear. <a href="/wiki/Emporis" title="Emporis">Emporis</a> defines a low-rise as "an enclosed structure below 35 metres [115 feet] which is divided into regular floor levels."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> defines a mid-rise as a building between 4 and 12 stories.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_country">By country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lovely_old_apartments_in_Yangon_(5089875668).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Lovely_old_apartments_in_Yangon_%285089875668%29.jpg/220px-Lovely_old_apartments_in_Yangon_%285089875668%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Lovely_old_apartments_in_Yangon_%285089875668%29.jpg/330px-Lovely_old_apartments_in_Yangon_%285089875668%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Lovely_old_apartments_in_Yangon_%285089875668%29.jpg/440px-Lovely_old_apartments_in_Yangon_%285089875668%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Apartments in a colonial-era building in <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, the distinction between rental apartments and <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">condominiums</a> is that while rental buildings are owned by a single entity and rented out to many, condominiums are owned individually, while their owners still pay a monthly or yearly fee for building upkeep. Condominiums are often leased by their owner as rental apartments. A third alternative, the <a href="/wiki/Housing_cooperative" title="Housing cooperative">cooperative apartment</a> building (or "<span title="American English-language text"><span lang="en-US">co-op</span></span>"), acts as a corporation with all of the tenants as shareholders of the building. Tenants in cooperative buildings do not own their apartment, but instead own a proportional number of shares of the entire cooperative. As in condominiums, cooperators pay a monthly fee for building upkeep. Co-ops are common in cities such as New York, and have gained some popularity in other larger urban areas in the U.S. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> & <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a> the usual word is "<span title="British English-language text"><span lang="en-GB">flat</span></span>", but <i><span title="British English-language text"><span lang="en-GB">apartment</span></span></i> is used by property developers to denote expensive "flats" in exclusive and expensive residential areas in, for example, parts of London such as <a href="/wiki/Belgravia" title="Belgravia">Belgravia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a>. In Scotland, it is called a block of flats or, if it is a traditional sandstone building, a <i><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en-scotland"><a href="/wiki/Tenement" title="Tenement">tenement</a></span></span></i>, a term which has a negative connotation elsewhere. </p><p>In India, the word "<span title="Indian English-language text"><span lang="en-IN">flat</span></span>" is used to refer to multi-story dwellings that have lifts. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flat_at_Granville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flat_at_Granville.jpg/220px-Flat_at_Granville.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flat_at_Granville.jpg/330px-Flat_at_Granville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flat_at_Granville.jpg/440px-Flat_at_Granville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>A two-story flat at <a href="/wiki/Granville,_New_South_Wales" title="Granville, New South Wales">Granville</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a> traditionally used the term <i><span title="Australian English-language text"><span lang="en-AU">flat</span></span></i> (although it also applies to any rental property), and more recently also use the terms <i><span title="Australian English-language text"><span lang="en-AU">unit</span></span></i> or <i><span title="Australian English-language text"><span lang="en-AU">apartment</span></span></i>. In Australia, a '<span title="Australian English-language text"><span lang="en-AU">unit</span></span>' refers to flats, apartments or even <a href="/wiki/Semi-detached" title="Semi-detached">semi-detached</a> houses. In Australia, the terms "<span title="Australian English-language text"><span lang="en-AU">unit</span></span>", "<span title="Australian English-language text"><span lang="en-AU">flat</span></span>" and "<span title="Australian English-language text"><span lang="en-AU">apartment</span></span>" are largely used interchangeably. Newer high-rise buildings are more often marketed as "<span title="Australian English-language text"><span lang="en-AU">apartments</span></span>", as the term "<span title="Australian English-language text"><span lang="en-AU">flats</span></span>" carries colloquial connotations. The term condominium or condo is rarely used in Australia despite attempts by developers to market it. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_English" title="Malaysian English">Malaysian English</a>, <i><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en-MY">flat</span></span></i> often denotes a housing block of two rooms with walk-up, no lift, without facilities, typically five stories tall, and with outdoor parking space,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <i><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en-MY">apartment</span></span></i> is more generic and may also include luxury condominiums. </p><p>In Japanese English <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wasei-eigo" title="Wasei-eigo">Wasei-eigo</a></i></span>), the term <i><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en-JP">apartment</span></span></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">アパート</span></span> <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">apaato</i></span>) is used for lower-income housing and <i><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en-JP">mansion</span></span></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">マンション</span></span> <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">manshon</i></span>) is used for high-end apartments; but both terms refer to what English-speakers regard as an apartment. This use of the term <i>mansion</i> has a parallel with <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>'s <i><span title="British English-language text"><span lang="en-GB">mansion block</span></span></i>, a term denoting prestigious apartment buildings from the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian</a>, which usually feature an ornate facade and large, high-ceilinged flats with period features. <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Danchi" title="Danchi">Danchi</a></i></span> is the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> word for a large cluster of apartment buildings of a particular style and design, typically built as <a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">public housing</a> by government authorities. See <a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Japan" title="Housing in Japan">Housing in Japan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_and_characteristics">Types and characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Types and characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studio_apartment">Studio apartment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Studio apartment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuisinette_studio_in_Sherbrooke_April_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cuisinette_studio_in_Sherbrooke_April_2010.jpg/220px-Cuisinette_studio_in_Sherbrooke_April_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cuisinette_studio_in_Sherbrooke_April_2010.jpg/330px-Cuisinette_studio_in_Sherbrooke_April_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cuisinette_studio_in_Sherbrooke_April_2010.jpg/440px-Cuisinette_studio_in_Sherbrooke_April_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Studio apartment in <a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherbrooke, Quebec">Sherbrooke, Quebec</a>, Canada, showing double bed, kitchenette, and entrance way with sliding door to closet</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Studio_apartment" title="Studio apartment">Studio apartment</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Microapartment" title="Microapartment">Microapartment</a></div> <p>The smallest self-contained apartments are referred to as studio, efficiency or bachelor apartments in the US and Canada, or studio flat in the UK. These units usually consist of a large single main room which acts as the living room, dining room and bedroom combined and usually also includes kitchen facilities, with a separate bathroom. In Korea, the term "one room" (<i>wonroom</i>) refers to a studio apartment.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Bedsit" title="Bedsit">bedsit</a> is a UK variant on single room accommodation: a bed-sitting room, probably without cooking facilities, with a shared bathroom. A bedsit is not self-contained and so is not an apartment or flat as this article uses the terms; it forms part of what the UK government calls a <a href="/wiki/House_in_multiple_occupation" title="House in multiple occupation">house in multiple occupation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The American variant of the bedsit is the <a href="/wiki/Single_room_occupancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Single room occupancy">single room occupancy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garden_apartment_(US)"><span id="Garden_apartment_.28US.29"></span>Garden apartment (US)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Garden apartment (US)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a> defines a garden apartment in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> as "a multiple-unit low-rise dwelling having considerable lawn or garden space."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The apartment buildings are often arranged around courtyards that are open at one end. Such a garden apartment shares some characteristics of a <a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">townhouse</a>: each apartment has its own building entrance, or shares that entrance via a staircase and lobby that adjoins other units immediately above and/or below it. Unlike a townhouse, each apartment occupies only one level. Such garden apartment buildings are almost never more than three stories high, since they typically lack <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevators</a>. However, the first "garden apartment" buildings in New York, US, built in the early 1900s, were constructed five stories high.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some garden apartment buildings place a one-car garage under each apartment. The interior grounds are often landscaped. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, a garden apartment refers to a <a href="/wiki/Basement_apartment" title="Basement apartment">basement apartment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garden_flat_(UK)"><span id="Garden_flat_.28UK.29"></span>Garden flat (UK)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Garden flat (UK)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Streets_of_Bayswater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Streets_of_Bayswater.jpg/220px-Streets_of_Bayswater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Streets_of_Bayswater.jpg/330px-Streets_of_Bayswater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Streets_of_Bayswater.jpg/440px-Streets_of_Bayswater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a> terraced <a href="/wiki/Townhouse_(Great_Britain)" title="Townhouse (Great Britain)">townhouses</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England. The black railings enclose the basement areas, which in the twentieth century were converted to garden flats.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> defines the use of "garden flat" in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> as "a basement or ground-floor flat with a view of and access to a garden or lawn", although its citations acknowledge that the reference to a garden may be illusory. "Garden flat" can serve simply as a <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">euphemism</a> for a basement. The large <a href="/wiki/Townhouse_(Great_Britain)" title="Townhouse (Great Britain)">Georgian or Victorian townhouse</a> was built with an excavated subterranean space around its front known as <a href="/wiki/Area_(architecture)" title="Area (architecture)">an area</a>, often surrounded by cast iron railings. This lowest floor housed the kitchen, the main place of work for the servants, with a "tradesman's entrance" via the area stairs. This "lower ground floor" (another euphemism) has proven ideal for conversion to a self-contained "garden flat". One American term for this arrangement is an <a href="/wiki/English_basement" title="English basement">English basement</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basement_apartment">Basement apartment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Basement apartment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Basement_apartment" title="Basement apartment">Basement apartment</a></div> <p>Generally on the lowest (below ground) floor of a building. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garret_apartment">Garret apartment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Garret apartment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Garret" title="Garret">Garret</a></div> <p>A unit in the <a href="/wiki/Attic" title="Attic">attic</a> of a building and usually converted from domestic servants' quarters. These apartments are characterized by their sloping walls, which can restrict the usable space; the resultant stair climb in buildings that do not have elevators and the sloping walls can make garret apartments less desirable than units on lower floors. However, because these apartments are located on the top floors of their buildings, they can offer the best views and are quieter because of the lack of upstairs neighbours. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_suite">Secondary suite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Secondary suite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Secondary_suite" title="Secondary suite">Secondary suite</a></div> <p>When part of a house is converted for the ostensible use of the owner's family member, the self-contained dwelling may be known as an "in-law apartment", "annexe", or "granny flat", though these (sometimes illegally) created units are often occupied by ordinary renters rather than the landlord's relative. In Canada these are commonly located below the main house and are therefore "basement suites".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Another term is an "accessory dwelling unit", which may be part of the main house, or a free-standing structure in its grounds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salon_apartment">Salon apartment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Salon apartment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Salon apartment</i> is a term linked to the exclusive apartments built as part of multi-family houses in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> and in certain towns in <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> in the first decades of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure of the apartments included centrally located <a href="/wiki/Anteroom" class="mw-redirect" title="Anteroom">anteroom</a> with a combined function of the dining room and one or more salon areas. Most of these apartments were built in Belgrade (<a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>), along with the first examples of apartments popularly named 'salon apartments', with the concept of spatial and functional organization later spreading to other larger urban centers in Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maisonette">Maisonette</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Maisonette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maisonette (a corruption of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">maisonnette</i></span>, French for "little house" and originally the spelling in English as well, but it has since fallen into disuse) has no strict definition, but the <i><a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a></i> suggests "a part of a residential building which is occupied separately, usually on more than one floor and having its own outside entrance." It differs from a flat in having usually more than one floor, with a staircase internal to the dwelling leading from the entrance floor to the upper (or, in some cases, lower) other floor. It is a very common arrangement in much <a href="/wiki/Post-war_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-war Britain">post-war British</a> housing (especially but not exclusively public housing) and serves both to reduce costs by reducing the amount of space given to access corridors and to emulate the 'traditional' two-storey terraced house to which many of the residents had been accustomed. It also allows for apartments, even when they are accessed by a corridor, to have windows on both sides of the building. </p><p>A maisonette could encompass <a href="/wiki/Tyneside_flat" title="Tyneside flat">Tyneside flats</a>, pairs of single-storey flats within a two-storey <a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">terrace</a>. Their distinctive feature is their use of two separate front doors onto the street, each door leading to a single flat.<sup id="cite_ref-Housing_in_Gateshead_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Housing_in_Gateshead-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Maisonette" could also stretch to <a href="/wiki/Cottage_flat" title="Cottage flat">cottage flats</a>, also known as 'four-in-a-block flats', a style of housing common in Scotland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="One_dwelling_with_two_storeys">One dwelling with two storeys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: One dwelling with two storeys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ScissorFlat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ScissorFlat.jpg/220px-ScissorFlat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ScissorFlat.jpg/330px-ScissorFlat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ScissorFlat.jpg/440px-ScissorFlat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Plan of scissor flats</figcaption></figure> <p>The vast majority of apartments are on one level, hence "flat". Some, however, have two storeys joined internally by stairs, just like many houses. One term for this is "maisonette", as above. Some <a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Housing in the United Kingdom">housing in the United Kingdom</a>, both public and private, was designed as <a href="/wiki/Scissor_section_flat" title="Scissor section flat">scissor section flats</a>. On a grander level, <a href="/wiki/Penthouse_apartment" title="Penthouse apartment">penthouses</a> may have more than one storey to emphasise the idea of space and luxury. Two-storey units in new construction are sometimes referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">townhouses</a>" in some countries (though not usually in Britain). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Small_buildings_with_a_few_one-storey_dwellings">Small buildings with a few one-storey dwellings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Small buildings with a few one-storey dwellings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dingbat_MaryJane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dingbat_MaryJane.jpg/220px-Dingbat_MaryJane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dingbat_MaryJane.jpg/330px-Dingbat_MaryJane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dingbat_MaryJane.jpg/440px-Dingbat_MaryJane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Dingbat_(building)" title="Dingbat (building)">dingbat</a>, "The Mary & Jane", note styled balconies.</figcaption></figure> <p>"<a href="/wiki/Duplex_(building)" title="Duplex (building)">Duplex</a>" refers to two separate units horizontally adjacent, with a <a href="/wiki/Party_wall" title="Party wall">common demising wall</a>, or vertically adjacent, with a floor-ceiling assembly. </p><p>Duplex description can be different depending on the part of the US, but generally has two to four dwellings with a door for each and usually two front doors close together but separate—referred to as '<a href="/wiki/Duplex_(building)" title="Duplex (building)">duplex</a>', indicating the number of units, not the number of floors, as in some areas of the country they are often only one storey. Groups of more than two units have corresponding names (Triplex, etc.).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Those buildings that have a third storey are known as triplexes. See <a href="/wiki/Three-decker_(house)" title="Three-decker (house)">Three-decker (house)</a> </p><p>In the United States, regional forms have developed, see <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">vernacular architecture</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee, Wisconsin">Milwaukee</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Polish_flat" title="Polish flat">Polish flat</a> or "raised cottage" is a small house that has been lifted up to accommodate a basement floor housing a separate apartment, then set down again, thus becoming a modest pair of dwellings.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Belt" title="Sun Belt">Sun Belt</a>, boxy small apartment buildings called <a href="/wiki/Dingbat_(building)" title="Dingbat (building)">dingbats</a>, often with <a href="/wiki/Carport" title="Carport">carports</a> below, sprang up from the 1950s. </p><p>In the United Kingdom the term <i>duplex</i> is usually applied to an apartment with two storeys (with an internal staircase), neither of which is located at ground level. Such homes are frequently found in low-cost rental housing, in apartment blocks constructed by local authorities, or above street-level retail units, where they may be occupied by the occupier of the retail unit or rented out separately. Buildings containing two dwellings with a common vertical wall are known as <i>semi-detached</i>, or colloquially <i>semis</i>. This form of construction is very common and built as such rather than being a later conversion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loft_apartment">Loft apartment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Loft apartment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:400SGreenLoft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/400SGreenLoft.jpg/220px-400SGreenLoft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/400SGreenLoft.jpg/330px-400SGreenLoft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/400SGreenLoft.jpg/440px-400SGreenLoft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>The interior of a loft conversion in Chicago</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Loft#Loft_apartment" title="Loft">Loft § Loft apartment</a></div> <p>This type of apartment developed in the USA during the middle of the 20th century. The term initially described a living space created within a former industrial building, usually 19th century. These large apartments found favor with artists and musicians wanting accommodation in large cities (New York for example) and are related to unused buildings in the decaying parts of such cities being occupied illegally by people <a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">squatting</a>. </p><p>These loft apartments were usually located in former high-rise warehouses and factories left vacant after town planning rules and economic conditions in the mid 20th century changed. The resulting apartments created a new bohemian lifestyle and were arranged in a completely different way from most urban living spaces, often including workshops and art studio spaces. As the supply of old buildings of a suitable nature has dried up, developers have responded by constructing new buildings in the same aesthetic with varying degrees of success.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/1999/11/22/focus7.html">[1]</a> </p><p>An industrial, warehouse, or commercial space converted to an apartment is commonly called a <i><a href="/wiki/Loft" title="Loft">loft</a></i>, although some modern lofts are built by design. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penthouse">Penthouse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Penthouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Penthouse_apartment" title="Penthouse apartment">Penthouse apartment</a></div> <p>A penthouse is an apartment usually located on the top floor of a high-rise apartment building.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communal_apartment">Communal apartment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Communal apartment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Communal_apartment" title="Communal apartment">Communal apartment</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, a communal apartment («коммуналка») is a room with a shared kitchen and bath. A typical arrangement is a cluster of five or so room-apartments with a common kitchen and bathroom and separate front doors, occupying a floor in a pre-Revolutionary mansion. Traditionally a room is owned by the government and assigned to a family on a semi-permanent basis.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serviced_apartment">Serviced apartment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Serviced apartment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PAJASA_Service_Apartment_Mumbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/PAJASA_Service_Apartment_Mumbai.jpg/220px-PAJASA_Service_Apartment_Mumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/PAJASA_Service_Apartment_Mumbai.jpg/330px-PAJASA_Service_Apartment_Mumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/PAJASA_Service_Apartment_Mumbai.jpg/440px-PAJASA_Service_Apartment_Mumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Serviced apartment, Mumbai, India</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Serviced_apartment" class="mw-redirect" title="Serviced apartment">Serviced apartment</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Apartment_hotel" title="Apartment hotel">Apartment hotel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corporate_housing" title="Corporate housing">Corporate housing</a></div> <p>A serviced apartment is any-size space for residential living that includes regular maid and cleaning services provided by the rental agent. Serviced apartments or serviced flats developed in the early part of the 20th century and were briefly fashionable in the 1920s and 30s. They are intended to combine the best features of luxury and self-contained apartments, often being an adjunct of a <a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotel</a>. Like guests semi-permanently installed in a luxury hotel, residents could enjoy the additional facilities such as house keeping, laundry, catering and other services if and when desired.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A feature of these apartment blocks was quite glamorous interiors with lavish bathrooms but no kitchen or laundry spaces in each flat. This style of living became very fashionable as many upper-class people found they could not afford as many live-in staff after the First World War and revelled in a "lock-up and leave" life style that serviced apartment hotels supplied. Some buildings have been subsequently renovated with standard facilities in each apartment, but serviced apartment hotel complexes continue to be constructed. Recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> a number of hotels have supplemented their traditional business model with serviced apartment wings, creating privately owned areas within their buildings - either <a href="/wiki/Freehold_(law)" title="Freehold (law)">freehold</a> or <a href="/wiki/Leasehold" class="mw-redirect" title="Leasehold">leasehold</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facilities">Facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laundry_Room.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Laundry_Room.jpg/220px-Laundry_Room.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Laundry_Room.jpg/330px-Laundry_Room.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Laundry_Room.jpg/440px-Laundry_Room.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Laundry room</figcaption></figure> <p>Apartments may be available for rent furnished, with furniture, or unfurnished into which a tenant moves in with his own furniture. <a href="/wiki/Serviced_apartment" class="mw-redirect" title="Serviced apartment">Serviced apartments</a>, intended to be convenient for shorter stays, include soft furnishings and <a href="/wiki/List_of_food_preparation_utensils" title="List of food preparation utensils">kitchen utensils</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maid_service" title="Maid service">maid service</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Laundry#Shared_laundry_rooms" title="Laundry">Laundry facilities</a> may reside in a common area accessible to all building tenants, or each apartment may have its own facilities. Depending on when the building was built and its design, utilities such as water, heating, and electricity may be common for all of the apartments, or separate for each apartment and billed separately to each tenant. (Many areas in the US have ruled it illegal to split a water bill among all the tenants, especially if a pool is on the premises.) Outlets for connection to telephones are typically included in apartments. Telephone service is optional and is almost always billed separately from the rent payments. Cable television and similar amenities also cost extra. Parking space(s), <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">air conditioning</a>, and extra storage space may or may not be included with an apartment. Rental <a href="/wiki/Rental_agreement" title="Rental agreement">leases</a> often limit the maximum number of residents in each apartment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On or around the ground floor of the apartment building, a series of <a href="/wiki/Letter_box" title="Letter box">mailboxes</a> are typically kept in a location accessible to the public and, thus, to the <a href="/wiki/Mail_carrier" title="Mail carrier">mail carrier</a>. Every unit typically gets its own mailbox with individual keys to it. Some very large apartment buildings with a full-time staff may take mail from the carrier and provide mail-sorting service. Near the mailboxes or some other location accessible by outsiders, a buzzer (equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Doorbell" title="Doorbell">doorbell</a>) may be available for each individual unit. In smaller apartment buildings such as two- or three-flats, or even four-flats, rubbish is often disposed of in trash containers similar to those used at houses. In larger buildings, rubbish is often collected in a common trash bin or dumpster. For cleanliness or minimizing noise, many lessors will place restrictions on tenants regarding smoking or keeping pets in an apartment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Various">Various</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Various"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One-by-five_Apartments_Austin,_TX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/One-by-five_Apartments_Austin%2C_TX.jpg/220px-One-by-five_Apartments_Austin%2C_TX.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/One-by-five_Apartments_Austin%2C_TX.jpg/330px-One-by-five_Apartments_Austin%2C_TX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/One-by-five_Apartments_Austin%2C_TX.jpg/440px-One-by-five_Apartments_Austin%2C_TX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1845" data-file-height="1337" /></a><figcaption>Mid-rise <a href="/wiki/One-plus-five" class="mw-redirect" title="One-plus-five">one-plus-five</a> style apartment buildings in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In more urban areas, apartments close to the <a href="/wiki/Downtown" title="Downtown">downtown</a> (British English town- or city-centre area have the benefits of proximity to jobs and/or <a href="/wiki/Public_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transportation">public transportation</a>. However prices per square foot are often much higher than in suburban areas. </p><p>Moving up in size from studio flats are one-bedroom apartments, which contain a bedroom enclosed from the other rooms of the apartment, usually by an internal door. This is followed by two-bedroom, three-bedroom, etc. Apartments with more than three bedrooms are rare. </p><p>Small apartments often have only one entrance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Large apartments often have two entrances, perhaps a door in the front and another in the back, or from an underground or otherwise attached parking structure. Depending on the building design, the entrance doors may be connected directly to the outside or to a common area inside, such as a hallway or a lobby.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In many American cities, the <a href="/wiki/One-plus-five" class="mw-redirect" title="One-plus-five">one-plus-five</a> style of mid-rise, wood-framed apartments have gained significant popularity following a 2009 revision to the <a href="/wiki/International_Building_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="International Building Code">International Building Code</a>; these buildings typically feature four wood-framed floors above a concrete podium and are popular with developers due to their high density and relatively lower construction costs.<sup id="cite_ref-Curbed_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curbed-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_examples">Historical examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Historical examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Columbian_Americas">Pre-Columbian Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Pre-Columbian Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Puebloan_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloan peoples">Puebloan peoples</a> of what is now the Southwestern United States have constructed large, multi-room dwellings, some comprising more than 900 rooms, since the 10th century. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_chronology" title="Mesoamerican chronology">Classic Period</a> <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerican</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> apartments were not only the standard means of housing the city's population of over 200,000 inhabitants, but show a remarkably even wealth distribution for the entire city, even by contemporary standards.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the apartments were inhabited by the general populace as a whole,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in contrast to other Pre-Modern socieites, where apartments were limited to housing the lower class members of the society, as with the somewhat contemporary Roman <a href="/wiki/Insulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Insulae">insulae</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Rome">Ancient Rome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ancient Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OstianInsula.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/OstianInsula.JPG/220px-OstianInsula.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/OstianInsula.JPG/330px-OstianInsula.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/OstianInsula.JPG/440px-OstianInsula.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Remains of an Ancient Roman apartment block from the early 2nd century AD in <a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Insulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Insulae">insulae</a> (singular <i>insula</i>) were large apartment buildings where the lower and middle classes of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> dwelled. The floor at ground level was used for <a href="/wiki/Taberna" title="Taberna">tabernae</a>, shops and businesses, with living space on the higher floors. Insulae in Rome and other <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">imperial</a> cities reached up to ten or more stories,<sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_S._Aldrete_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_S._Aldrete-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some with more than 200 stairs.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">emperors</a>, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> (r. 30 BC – 14 AD), attempted to establish limits of 20–25 m for multi-story buildings, but met with only limited success.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lower floors were typically occupied by either shops or wealthy families, while the upper stories were rented out to the lower classes.<sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_S._Aldrete_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_S._Aldrete-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surviving <a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_Papyri" title="Oxyrhynchus Papyri">Oxyrhynchus Papyri</a> indicate that seven-story buildings even existed in <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">provincial</a> towns, such as in 3rd century <a href="/wiki/Hermopolis" title="Hermopolis">Hermopolis</a> in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Roman_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Roman Egypt">Roman Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_and_medieval_Egypt">Ancient and medieval Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Ancient and medieval Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the medieval <a href="/wiki/History_of_Arab_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Arab Egypt">Arabic-Islamic period</a>, the Egyptian capital of <a href="/wiki/Fustat" title="Fustat">Fustat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Cairo" title="Old Cairo">Old Cairo</a>) housed many <a href="/wiki/High-rise" class="mw-redirect" title="High-rise">high-rise</a> residential buildings, some seven stories tall that could reportedly accommodate hundreds of people. In the 10th century, <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">Al-Muqaddasi</a> described them as resembling <a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">minarets</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Behrens_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behrens-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and stated that the majority of Fustat's population lived in these multi-story apartment buildings, each one housing more than 200 people.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 11th century, <a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a> described some of these apartment buildings rising up to fourteen stories, with <a href="/wiki/Roof_garden" title="Roof garden">roof gardens</a> on the top story complete with ox-drawn <a href="/wiki/Water_wheel" title="Water wheel">water wheels</a> for irrigating them.<sup id="cite_ref-Behrens_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behrens-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 16th century, the current <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> also had high-rise apartment buildings, in which the two lower floors were for commercial and storage purposes and the multiple stories above them were <a href="/wiki/Renting" title="Renting">rented</a> out to <a href="/wiki/Leasehold_estate" title="Leasehold estate">tenants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yemen">Yemen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Yemen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg/220px-Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg/330px-Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg/440px-Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1320" /></a><figcaption>Mudbrick-made tower houses in <a href="/wiki/Shibam_Hadramawt" class="mw-redirect" title="Shibam Hadramawt">Shibam, Wadi Hadhramaut</a>, Yemen</figcaption></figure> <p>High-rise apartment buildings were built in the <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemeni</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Shibam" title="Shibam">Shibam</a> in the 16th century. The houses of Shibam are all made out of <a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">mud bricks</a>, but about 500 of them are <a href="/wiki/Tower_house" title="Tower house">tower houses</a>, which rise 5 to 11 stories high,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with each floor having one or two apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-Jerome_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jerome-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shibam has been called "<a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> of the desert".<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of them were over 100 feet (30 m) high, thus being the tallest <a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">mudbrick</a> apartment buildings in the world to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_China">Ancient China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Ancient China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> adopted communal living structures designed to be easily defensible, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Hakka_walled_village" title="Hakka walled village">Weilongwu</a> (围龙屋) and <a href="/wiki/Tulou" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulou">Tulou</a> (土楼). The latter are large, enclosed and fortified earth buildings, between three and five stories high and housing up to eighty families. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_examples">Current examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Current examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England">England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In London, by the time of the 2011 census, 52 per cent of all homes were flats.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these were built as Georgian or Victorian houses and subsequently divided up. Many others were built as <a href="/wiki/Council_flat" class="mw-redirect" title="Council flat">council flats</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/Tower_blocks_in_Great_Britain" title="Tower blocks in Great Britain">tower blocks</a> were built after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. A number of these have been demolished and replaced with low-rise buildings or <a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">housing estates</a>. </p><p>In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the concept of the flat was slow to catch on amongst the British middle classes, which generally followed the north European standard of single-family houses dating far back into history. Those who lived in flats were assumed to be lower class and somewhat itinerant, renting for example a "flat above a shop" as part of a lease agreement for a tradesman. In London and most of Britain, everyone who could afford to do so occupied an entire house—even if this was a small <a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">terraced house</a>—while the working poor continued to rent rooms in often overcrowded properties, with one (or more) families per room. </p><p>During the last quarter of the 19th century, as wealth increased, ideas began to change. Both urban growth and the increase in population meant that more imaginative housing concepts would be needed if the middle and upper classes were to maintain a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Pied-%C3%A0-terre" title="Pied-à-terre">pied-à-terre</a></i></span> in the capital. The traditional <a href="/wiki/Townhouse_(Great_Britain)" title="Townhouse (Great Britain)">London town house</a> was becoming increasingly expensive to maintain. For bachelors and unmarried women in particular, the idea of renting a modern mansion flat became increasingly popular. </p><p>The first mansion flats in England were: </p> <ul><li>Albert Mansions, which Philip Flower constructed and <a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Knowles_(1831%E2%80%931908)" title="James Thomas Knowles (1831–1908)">James Knowles</a> designed. These flats were constructed between 1867 and 1870, and were one of the earliest blocks of flats to fill the vacant spaces of the newly-laid out <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Street,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Street, London">Victoria Street</a> at the end of the 1860s. Today, only a sliver of the building remains, next to the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Palace_Theatre" title="Victoria Palace Theatre">Victoria Palace Theatre</a>. Albert Mansions was really 19 separate "houses", each with a staircase serving one flat per floor. Its tenants included <a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Sullivan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Arthur Sullivan">Sir Arthur Sullivan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Lord Alfred Tennyson</a>, whose connections with the developer's family were long-standing. Philip Flower's son, <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Flower,_1st_Baron_Battersea" title="Cyril Flower, 1st Baron Battersea">Cyril Flower</a>, developed most of the mansion blocks on <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Drive,_London" title="Prince of Wales Drive, London">Prince of Wales Drive, London</a>.</li> <li>Albert Hall Mansions, designed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Norman_Shaw" title="Richard Norman Shaw">Richard Norman Shaw</a> in 1876. Because this was a new type of housing, Shaw reduced risks as much as possible; each block was planned as a separate project, with the building of each part contingent on the successful occupation of every flat in the previous block. The gamble paid off and was a success.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland">Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victorian_tenement_at_Boroughmuirhead,_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Victorian_tenement_at_Boroughmuirhead%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/220px-Victorian_tenement_at_Boroughmuirhead%2C_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Victorian_tenement_at_Boroughmuirhead%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/330px-Victorian_tenement_at_Boroughmuirhead%2C_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Victorian_tenement_at_Boroughmuirhead%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/440px-Victorian_tenement_at_Boroughmuirhead%2C_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="1909" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tenement" title="Tenement">Tenement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (1893)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tenementedin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tenementedin.jpg/220px-Tenementedin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tenementedin.jpg/330px-Tenementedin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tenementedin.jpg/440px-Tenementedin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Tenement in Marchmont, Edinburgh, built in 1882</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, the term "<a href="/wiki/Tenement" title="Tenement">tenement</a>" lacks the pejorative connotations it carries elsewhere and refers simply to any block of flats sharing a common central staircase and lacking an elevator, particularly those constructed before 1919. Tenements were, and continue to be, inhabited by a wide range of social classes and income groups. Tenements today are bought by a wide range of social types, including young professionals, older <a href="/wiki/Retirees" class="mw-redirect" title="Retirees">retirees</a>, and by <a href="/wiki/Absentee_landlords" class="mw-redirect" title="Absentee landlords">absentee landlords</a>, often for rental to students after they leave <a href="/wiki/Dorm" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorm">halls of residence</a> managed by their institution. The <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Scotland" title="National Trust for Scotland">National Trust for Scotland</a> <a href="/wiki/Tenement_House_(Glasgow)" title="Tenement House (Glasgow)">Tenement House (Glasgow)</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Historic_house_museum" title="Historic house museum">historic house museum</a> offering an insight into the lifestyle of tenement dwellers, as it was generations ago. </p><p>During the 19th century, tenements became the predominant type of new housing in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>'s industrial cities, although they were very common in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Edinburgh" title="Old Town, Edinburgh">Old Town</a> in Edinburgh from the 15th century, where they reached ten or eleven stories and in one case fourteen stories. Built of <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> or <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>, Scottish tenements are usually three to five stories in height, with two to four flats on each floor. (In contrast, industrial cities in England tended to favour "<a href="/wiki/Back-to-back_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Back-to-back houses">back-to-back</a>" <a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">terraces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">brick</a>.) Scottish tenements are constructed in terraces, and each entrance within a block is referred to as a <i>close</i> or <i>stair</i>—both referring to the shared passageway to the individual flats. Flights of stairs and landings are generally designated common areas, and residents traditionally took turns to sweep clean the floors and, in <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> in particular, took turns to make use of shared laundry facilities in the "back green" (garden or yard). It is now more common for cleaning of the common ways to be contracted out through a managing agent or "factor". </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, where Scotland's highest concentration of tenement dwellings can be found, the urban renewal projects of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s brought an end to the city's slums, which had primarily consisted of older tenements built in the early 19th century in which large <a href="/wiki/Extended_families" class="mw-redirect" title="Extended families">extended families</a> would live together in cramped conditions. They were replaced by high-rise blocks that, within a couple of decades, became notorious for crime and poverty. The <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow Corporation">Glasgow Corporation</a> made many efforts to improve the situation, most successfully with the City Improvement Trust, which cleared the slums of the old town, replacing them with what they thought of as a traditional high street, which remains an imposing townscape. (The City Halls and the <a href="/wiki/Cleland_Testimonial" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleland Testimonial">Cleland Testimonial</a> were part of this scheme.) National government help was given following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> when Housing Acts sought to provide "homes fit for heroes". Garden suburb areas, based on English models, such as <a href="/wiki/Knightswood" title="Knightswood">Knightswood</a>, were set up. These proved too expensive, so a modern tenement, three stories high, slate roofed and built of reconstituted stone, was re-introduced and a <a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance" title="Slum clearance">slum clearance</a> programme initiated to clear areas such as the <a href="/wiki/Calton,_Glasgow" title="Calton, Glasgow">Calton</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Garngad" class="mw-redirect" title="Garngad">Garngad</a>. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">World War II</a>, more ambitious plans, known as the <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Plan">Bruce Plan</a>, were made for the complete evacuation of slums for modern mid-rise housing developments on the outskirts of the city. However, the central government refused to fund the plans, preferring instead to depopulate the city to a series of <a href="/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="New towns in the United Kingdom">New Towns.</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Again, economic considerations meant that many of the planned "New Town" amenities were never built in these areas. These housing estates, known as "schemes", came therefore to be widely regarded as unsuccessful; many, such as <a href="/wiki/Castlemilk" title="Castlemilk">Castlemilk</a>, were just dormitories well away from the centre of the city with no amenities, such as shops and <a href="/wiki/Public_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Public houses">public houses</a> ("deserts with windows", as <a href="/wiki/Billy_Connolly" title="Billy Connolly">Billy Connolly</a> once put it). High-rise living too started off with bright ambition—the Moss Heights, built in the 1950s, are still desirable—but fell prey to later economic pressure. Many of the later tower blocks were poorly designed and cheaply built and their anonymity caused some social problems. The demolition of the tower blocks in order to build modern housing schemes has in some cases led to a re-interpretations of the tenement. </p><p>In 1970, a team from <a href="/wiki/Strathclyde_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Strathclyde University">Strathclyde University</a> demonstrated that the old tenements had been basically sound, and could be given new life with replumbing providing modern kitchens and bathrooms.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Corporation acted on this principle for the first time in 1973 at the <i>Old Swan Corner</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pollokshaws" title="Pollokshaws">Pollokshaws</a>. Thereafter, <i>Housing Action Areas</i> were set up to renovate so-called slums. Later, privately owned tenements benefited from government help in "stone cleaning", revealing a honey-coloured sandstone behind the presumed "grey" tenemental facades. The policy of tenement demolition is now considered to have been short-sighted, wasteful and largely unsuccessful. Many of Glasgow's worst tenements were refurbished into desirable accommodation in the 1970s and 1980s<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the policy of demolition is considered to have destroyed fine examples of a "universally admired architectural" style. The <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Housing_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow Housing Association">Glasgow Housing Association</a> took ownership of the public housing stock from the city council on 7 March 2003, and has begun a £96 million clearance and demolition programme to clear and demolish many of the high-rise flats.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NewtonMA_TheChestnutHill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/NewtonMA_TheChestnutHill.jpg/220px-NewtonMA_TheChestnutHill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/NewtonMA_TheChestnutHill.jpg/330px-NewtonMA_TheChestnutHill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/NewtonMA_TheChestnutHill.jpg/440px-NewtonMA_TheChestnutHill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Chestnut_Hill" title="The Chestnut Hill">The Chestnut Hill</a>, an 1899 apartment house in <a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton, Massachusetts</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_57th_St_Apartments.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/East_57th_St_Apartments.jpg/220px-East_57th_St_Apartments.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/East_57th_St_Apartments.jpg/330px-East_57th_St_Apartments.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/East_57th_St_Apartments.jpg/440px-East_57th_St_Apartments.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Apartment buildings lining the residential stretch of East 57th Street between First Avenue and Sutton Place in New York</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LowerEastSideTenements.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/LowerEastSideTenements.JPG/220px-LowerEastSideTenements.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/LowerEastSideTenements.JPG/330px-LowerEastSideTenements.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/LowerEastSideTenements.JPG/440px-LowerEastSideTenements.JPG 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tenement" title="Tenement">Tenement</a> buildings in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>'s Lower East Side</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1839, the first New York City <a href="/wiki/Tenement" title="Tenement">tenement</a> was built, and soon became breeding grounds for <a href="/wiki/Outlaw" title="Outlaw">outlaws</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_delinquent" class="mw-redirect" title="Juvenile delinquent">juvenile delinquents</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a>. Tenements, or their slum landlords, were also known for their <a href="/wiki/Price_gouging" title="Price gouging">price gouging</a> rent. <i>How the Other Half Lives</i> notes one tenement district: </p> <blockquote><p>Blind Man's Alley bear its name for a reason. Until little more than a year ago its dark burrows harbored a colony of blind beggars, tenants of a blind landlord, old Daniel Murphy, whom every child in the ward knows, if he never heard of the President of the United States. "Old Dan" made a big fortune—he told me once four hundred thousand dollars—out of his alley and the surrounding tenements, only to grow blind himself in extreme old age, sharing in the end the chief hardship of the wretched beings whose lot he had stubbornly refused to better that he might increase his wealth. Even when the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Health" title="Metropolitan Board of Health">Board of Health</a> at last compelled him to repair and clean up the worst of the old buildings, under threat of driving out the tenants and locking the doors behind them, the work was accomplished against the old man's angry protests. He appeared in person before the Board to argue his case, and his argument was characteristic. "I have made my will," he said. "My monument stands waiting for me in Calvary. I stand on the very brink of the grave, blind and helpless, and now (here the pathos of the appeal was swept under in a burst of angry indignation) do you want me to build and get skinned, skinned? These people are not fit to live in a nice house. Let them go where they can, and let my house stand." In spite of the genuine anguish of the appeal, it was downright amusing to find that his anger was provoked less by the anticipated waste of luxury on his tenants than by distrust of his own kind, the builder. He knew intuitively what to expect. The result showed that Mr. Murphy had gauged his tenants correctly.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Many campaigners, such as <a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Upton Sinclair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Riis" title="Jacob Riis">Jacob Riis</a>, pushed for reforms in tenement dwellings. As a result, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Tenement_House_Act" title="New York State Tenement House Act">New York State Tenement House Act</a> was passed in 1901 to improve the conditions. More improvements followed. In 1949, President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_of_1949" title="Housing Act of 1949">Housing Act of 1949</a> to clean slums and reconstruct housing units for the poor. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Dakota" title="The Dakota">The Dakota</a> (1884) was one of the first luxury apartment buildings in New York City. The majority, however, remained tenements. </p><p>Some significant developments in architectural design of apartment buildings came out of the 1950s and 1960s. Among them were groundbreaking designs in the <a href="/wiki/860-880_Lake_Shore_Drive_Apartments" class="mw-redirect" title="860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments">860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments</a> (1951), <a href="/wiki/New_Century_Guild" title="New Century Guild">New Century Guild</a> (1961), <a href="/wiki/Marina_City" title="Marina City">Marina City</a> (1964) and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Point_Tower" title="Lake Point Tower">Lake Point Tower</a> (1968). </p><p>In the United States, "tenement" is a label usually applied to the less expensive, more basic rental apartment buildings in older sections of large cities. Many of these apartment buildings are "walk-ups"<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> without an elevator, and some have shared bathing facilities, though this is becoming less common. The slang term "<a href="/wiki/Dingbat_(building)" title="Dingbat (building)">dingbat</a>" is used to describe cheap urban apartment buildings from the 1950s and 1960s with unique and often wacky façades to differentiate themselves within a full block of apartments. They are often built on stilts, and with parking underneath. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toronto_CityPlace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Toronto_CityPlace.jpg/220px-Toronto_CityPlace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Toronto_CityPlace.jpg/330px-Toronto_CityPlace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Toronto_CityPlace.jpg/440px-Toronto_CityPlace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>New condominiums in downtown <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Apartments were popular in Canada, particularly in urban centres like Vancouver, Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, and Hamilton in the 1950s to 1970s. By the 1980s, many multi-unit buildings were being constructed as <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">condominiums</a> instead of apartments—both are now very common. In Toronto and Vancouver, high-rise apartments and condominiums have been spread around the city, giving even the major suburbs a skyline. The robustness of the condo markets in Toronto and Vancouver are based on the lack of land availability.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average capitalization rate in the Greater Toronto Area for Q3 2015 hit its lowest level in 30 years: in Q3 2015 it stood at 3.75 per cent, down from 4.2 per cent in Q2 2015 and down almost 50 per cent from the 6.3 per cent posted in Q3 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apartment buildings in Australia are typically managed by a <a href="/wiki/Body_corporate" class="mw-redirect" title="Body corporate">body corporate</a> in which owners pay a monthly fee to provide for maintenance of common premises. Many apartments are owned through <a href="/wiki/Strata_title" title="Strata title">strata title</a>. Australian legislation enforces a minimum 2.4<span class="nowrap"> </span>m floor-ceiling height which differentiates apartment buildings from office buildings. </p><p>Australia has a relatively recent history in apartment buildings. <a href="/wiki/Terrace_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrace houses">Terrace houses</a> were the early response to density development, though the majority of Australians lived in fully detached houses. Apartments of any kind were legislated against in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Queensland" title="Parliament of Queensland">Parliament of Queensland</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Undue_Subdivision_of_Land_Prevention_Act_1885" title="Undue Subdivision of Land Prevention Act 1885">Undue Subdivision of Land Prevention Act 1885</a>. </p><p>The earliest apartment buildings were in the major cities of <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> as the response to fast rising land values–both cities are home to the two oldest surviving apartment buildings in the country, Kingsclere in <a href="/wiki/Potts_Point" title="Potts Point">Potts Point</a>, and The Canterbury Flats in <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a>. <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Mansions" title="Melbourne Mansions">Melbourne Mansions</a> on <a href="/wiki/Collins_Street,_Melbourne" title="Collins Street, Melbourne">Collins Street, Melbourne</a> (now demolished), built in 1906 for mostly wealthy residents is believed by many to be the earliest. Today the oldest surviving self-contained apartment buildings are in the <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a> area including the Fawkner Mansions (1910), Majestic Mansions (1912 as a boarding house) and the Canterbury (1914—the oldest surviving buildings contained flats).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kingsclere, built in 1912 is believed to be the earliest apartment building in Sydney and still survives.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the interwar years, apartment building continued in inner Melbourne (particularly in areas such as St Kilda and <a href="/wiki/South_Yarra" title="South Yarra">South Yarra</a>), Sydney (particularly in areas such as <a href="/wiki/Potts_Point" title="Potts Point">Potts Point</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darlinghust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darlinghust (page does not exist)">Darlinghust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kings_Cross,_New_South_Wales" title="Kings Cross, New South Wales">Kings Cross</a>) and in Brisbane (in areas such as <a href="/wiki/New_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="New Farm">New Farm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortitude_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortitude Valley">Fortitude Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spring_Hill,_Queensland" title="Spring Hill, Queensland">Spring Hill</a>). </p><p>Post–<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Dream" title="Australian Dream">Australian Dream</a> apartment buildings went out of vogue and flats were seen as accommodation only for the poor. Walk-up flats (without a lift) of two to three stories however were common in the middle suburbs of cities for lower income groups. The main exceptions were Sydney and the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast, Queensland</a> where apartment development continued for more than half a century. In Sydney a limited geography and highly sought after waterfront views (<a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson" title="Port Jackson">Sydney Harbour</a> and beaches such as <a href="/wiki/Bondi_Beach,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Bondi Beach, New South Wales">Bondi</a>) made apartment living socially acceptable. Since the 1960s, these cities maintained much higher population densities than the rest of Australia through the acceptance of apartment buildings. </p><p>In other cities, apartment building was almost solely restricted to <a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">public housing</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_housing_in_Australia" title="Public housing in Australia">Public housing in Australia</a> was common in the larger cities, particularly in Melbourne (by the <a href="/wiki/Housing_Commission_of_Victoria" title="Housing Commission of Victoria">Housing Commission of Victoria</a>) where a number of high-rise housing commission flats were built between the 1950s and 1970s by successive governments as part of an urban renewal program. Areas affected included <a href="/wiki/Fitzroy,_Victoria" title="Fitzroy, Victoria">Fitzroy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemington,_Victoria" title="Flemington, Victoria">Flemington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collingwood,_Victoria" title="Collingwood, Victoria">Collingwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlton,_Victoria" title="Carlton, Victoria">Carlton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Victoria" title="Richmond, Victoria">Richmond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prahran" title="Prahran">Prahran</a>. Similar projects were run in Sydney's lower socio-economic areas like <a href="/wiki/Redfern,_New_South_Wales" title="Redfern, New South Wales">Redfern</a>. </p><p>In the 1980s, modern apartment buildings sprang up in riverside locations in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> (along the <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_River" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a> (along the <a href="/wiki/Swan_River_(Western_Australia)" title="Swan River (Western Australia)">Swan River</a>). </p><p>In Melbourne, in the 1990s, a trend began for apartment buildings without the requirement of spectacular views. As a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a> of the inner city, a fashion became New York "loft" style apartments (see above) and a large stock of old warehouses and old abandoned office buildings in and around the central business district became the target of developers. The trend of <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_reuse" title="Adaptive reuse">adaptive reuse</a> extended to conversion of old churches and schools. Similar warehouse conversions and gentrification began in Brisbane suburbs such as <a href="/wiki/Teneriffe,_Queensland" title="Teneriffe, Queensland">Teneriffe, Queensland</a> and Fortitude Valley and in Sydney in areas such as <a href="/wiki/Ultimo,_New_South_Wales" title="Ultimo, New South Wales">Ultimo</a>. As the supply of buildings for conversion ran out, reproduction and modern high-rise apartments followed. This was particularly the case in Melbourne thanks to official planning policies (<a href="/wiki/Postcode_3000" title="Postcode 3000">Postcode 3000</a>), making the CBD the fastest growing, population wise in the country. Apartment building in the Melbourne metropolitan area has also escalated with the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_2030" title="Melbourne 2030">Melbourne 2030</a> planning policy. <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">Urban renewal</a> areas like <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Docklands" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Docklands">Docklands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southbank,_Victoria" title="Southbank, Victoria">Southbank</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_Road" title="St Kilda Road">St Kilda Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_Melbourne" title="Port Melbourne">Port Melbourne</a> are now predominantly apartments. There has also been a sharp increase in the number of student apartment buildings in areas such as Carlton in Melbourne. </p><p>Despite their size, other smaller cities including <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Townsville" title="Townsville">Townsville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairns" title="Cairns">Cairns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wollongong" title="Wollongong">Wollongong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a> have begun building apartments in the 2000s. </p><p>Today, residential buildings such as the <a href="/wiki/Eureka_Tower" title="Eureka Tower">Eureka Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Q1_(building)" title="Q1 (building)">Q1</a> are among the tallest in the country. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Q1_Q_Deck_day.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The skyline of the Gold Coast in Queensland is dominated by apartments."><img alt="The skyline of the Gold Coast in Queensland is dominated by apartments." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Q1_Q_Deck_day.JPG/200px-Q1_Q_Deck_day.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Q1_Q_Deck_day.JPG/300px-Q1_Q_Deck_day.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Q1_Q_Deck_day.JPG/400px-Q1_Q_Deck_day.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The skyline of the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> is dominated by apartments.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canterbury_flats_st_kilda.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Canterbury in St Kilda, Victoria is one of the earliest surviving apartment buildings in Australia."><img alt="The Canterbury in St Kilda, Victoria is one of the earliest surviving apartment buildings in Australia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Canterbury_flats_st_kilda.jpg/134px-Canterbury_flats_st_kilda.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Canterbury_flats_st_kilda.jpg/202px-Canterbury_flats_st_kilda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Canterbury_flats_st_kilda.jpg/269px-Canterbury_flats_st_kilda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="446" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Canterbury in <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda, Victoria</a> is one of the earliest surviving apartment buildings in Australia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:(1)One_Central_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One Central Park, Sydney, which features vertical hanging gardens and sustainable green design"><img alt="One Central Park, Sydney, which features vertical hanging gardens and sustainable green design" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%281%29One_Central_Park.jpg/150px-%281%29One_Central_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%281%29One_Central_Park.jpg/225px-%281%29One_Central_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%281%29One_Central_Park.jpg/300px-%281%29One_Central_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="5152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/One_Central_Park" title="One Central Park">One Central Park</a>, Sydney, which features vertical <a href="/wiki/Hanging_garden_(cultivation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanging garden (cultivation)">hanging gardens</a> and sustainable <a href="/wiki/Green_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Green design">green design</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Housing_in_South_Korea" title="Housing in South Korea">Housing in South Korea</a></div> <p>As of 2019, a majority of Koreans live in apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1980s, the number of apartment residents has soared, and as the number of apartments has steadily increased, apartments have become a representative form of residence where more than half of the Korean population resides. </p><p>It is the most common house in small and medium-sized cities in Korea, and even these days, apartments are quite visible in rural areas such as remote areas. This is because small and medium-sized construction companies have technology, but they lack the capital to build large complexes in large cities. The better the location, the more expensive the apartment is, and the more expensive the apartment complex built by a large construction company<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with a large number of households. Also, even the same type of flat in the same complex is not all of the same price. Due to problems such as the right to sunlight and prospects, the low-rise households on the first and third floors are generally the cheapest, and the higher they go, the more expensive they become.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the price varies depending on other conditions such as the viewing area and the direction of the house, such as south, east, west, and north. The upper floors with a south-facing view are the most expensive. Apartment sales and lease prices are actually the largest and most stable assets owned by a middle-class family in Korea, symbolizing the social status of a family, which forms a class and determines life satisfaction. For this reason, the Korean people have no choice but to react very sensitively to apartment prices.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Korea,_Incheon,_Songdo_(03),_Sharp_Prime_View_appartments.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An apartment in Songdo International City, Incheon"><img alt="An apartment in Songdo International City, Incheon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/South_Korea%2C_Incheon%2C_Songdo_%2803%29%2C_Sharp_Prime_View_appartments.jpg/200px-South_Korea%2C_Incheon%2C_Songdo_%2803%29%2C_Sharp_Prime_View_appartments.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/South_Korea%2C_Incheon%2C_Songdo_%2803%29%2C_Sharp_Prime_View_appartments.jpg/300px-South_Korea%2C_Incheon%2C_Songdo_%2803%29%2C_Sharp_Prime_View_appartments.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/South_Korea%2C_Incheon%2C_Songdo_%2803%29%2C_Sharp_Prime_View_appartments.jpg/400px-South_Korea%2C_Incheon%2C_Songdo_%2803%29%2C_Sharp_Prime_View_appartments.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3580" data-file-height="2774" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An apartment in <a href="/wiki/Songdo_International_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Songdo International City">Songdo International City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puffy_cloud_behind_two_apartments.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cloud behind two apartments"><img alt="Cloud behind two apartments" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Puffy_cloud_behind_two_apartments.JPG/200px-Puffy_cloud_behind_two_apartments.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Puffy_cloud_behind_two_apartments.JPG/300px-Puffy_cloud_behind_two_apartments.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Puffy_cloud_behind_two_apartments.JPG/400px-Puffy_cloud_behind_two_apartments.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cloud behind two apartments</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In North America, "flat" may sometimes be used for an apartment that occupies the entirety of a building floor or <a href="/wiki/Storey" title="Storey">story</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/32px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/48px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/64px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing">Housing portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">Condominium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamienica_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamienica (architecture)">Kamienica</a> in Poland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">List of house types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polykatoikia" class="mw-redirect" title="Polykatoikia">Polykatoikia</a> in Greece</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2003/08/15/tenants-are-high-on-garden-apartments/">the original</a> on 11 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Tenants+are+high+on+garden+apartments&rft.date=2003-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2003%2F08%2F15%2Ftenants-are-high-on-garden-apartments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alfirević Đorđe, Simonović Alfirević Sanјa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scindeks.ceon.rs/article.aspx?artid=0354-60551744007A">„'Salon' apartment in Serbia between the two world wars: Reassessing the rationale behind the term”</a>. Arhitektura i urbanizam (Beograd), Iss. 44 (2017), pp. 7-13. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5937%2Fa-u0-11638">10.5937/a-u0-11638</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keković, A., Petrović, M. (2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0354-4605/2011/0354-46051103495K.pdf">Functional zones of flats in the period of Art Moderne in Niš (1930-1941)</a>. Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering, vol. 9, br. 3, str. 495-499</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Housing_in_Gateshead-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Housing_in_Gateshead_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120526135844/http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/DocumentLibrary/housing/Leaflets/display_boards.pdf">"Housing in Gateshead"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Gateshead Council. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/DocumentLibrary/housing/Leaflets/display_boards.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Housing+in+Gateshead&rft.pub=Gateshead+Council&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gateshead.gov.uk%2FDocumentLibrary%2Fhousing%2FLeaflets%2Fdisplay_boards.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMurray2000" class="citation book cs1">McMurray, Sally, ed. (2000). <i>People, Power, Places</i> (1st ed.). Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781572330757" title="Special:BookSources/9781572330757"><bdi>9781572330757</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People%2C+Power%2C+Places&rft.place=Knoxville&rft.pages=40&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=University+of+Tennessee+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781572330757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.terrafinanz.de/brenner-park-sendling">"Naherholung gleich ums Eck"</a> (in German). terrafinanz.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naherholung+gleich+ums+Eck&rft.pub=terrafinanz.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrafinanz.de%2Fbrenner-park-sendling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curbed-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Curbed_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSissom,_Patrick2018" class="citation web cs1">Sissom, Patrick (4 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.curbed.com/2018/12/4/18125536/real-estate-modern-apartment-architecture">"Why do all new apartment buildings look the same?"</a>. <i>Curbed</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Curbed&rft.atitle=Why+do+all+new+apartment+buildings+look+the+same%3F&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft.au=Sissom%2C+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.curbed.com%2F2018%2F12%2F4%2F18125536%2Freal-estate-modern-apartment-architecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarus2012" class="citation web cs1">Jarus, Owen (20 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/22545-teotihuacan.html">"Teotihuacan: Ancient City of Pyramids"</a>. <i>Livescience</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Living+the+good+life+in+Teotihuacan&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwideurbanworld.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F10%2Fliving-good-life-in-teotihuacan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mexicanhistory.org/Teotihuacan.htm">"Teotihuacan"</a>. <i>Mexican History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mexican+History&rft.atitle=Teotihuacan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmexicanhistory.org%2FTeotihuacan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gregory_S._Aldrete-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_S._Aldrete_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_S._Aldrete_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregory S. Aldrete: <i>Daily Life in the Roman City: Rome, Pompeii and Ostia</i>, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33174-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33174-9">978-0-313-33174-9</a>, p.79f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Martial" title="Martial">Martial</a>, Epigrams, 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, 5.3.7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander G. McKay: Römische Häuser, Villen und Paläste, <a href="/wiki/Feldmeilen" title="Feldmeilen">Feldmeilen</a> 1984, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7611-0585-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7611-0585-1">3-7611-0585-1</a> p. 231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 2719, in: Katja Lembke, Cäcilia Fluck, Günter Vittmann: <i>Ägyptens späte Blüte. Die Römer am Nil</i>, Mainz 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8053-3276-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-8053-3276-9">3-8053-3276-9</a>, p.29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Behrens-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Behrens_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behrens_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehrens-Abouseif1992" class="citation cs2">Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1992), <i>Islamic Architecture in Cairo</i>, <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>, p. 6, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-09626-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-09626-4"><bdi>90-04-09626-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Architecture+in+Cairo&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=90-04-09626-4&rft.aulast=Behrens-Abouseif&rft.aufirst=Doris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsay2005" class="citation cs2">Lindsay, James E. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+Life+in+the+Medieval+Islamic+World&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-313-32270-8&rft.aulast=Lindsay&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdailylifeinmedie00lind%2Fpage%2F122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortada2003" class="citation cs2">Mortada, Hisham (2003), <i>Traditional Islamic principles of built environment</i>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, p. viii, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7007-1700-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7007-1700-5"><bdi>0-7007-1700-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Islamic+principles+of+built+environment&rft.pages=viii&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7007-1700-5&rft.aulast=Mortada&rft.aufirst=Hisham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelfritz1937" class="citation cs2">Helfritz, Hans (April 1937), "Land without shade", <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Central_Asian_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society">Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society</a></i>, <b>24</b> (2): 201–16, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/192">Old Walled City of Shibam</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> World Heritage Centre</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipman1984" class="citation cs2">Shipman, J. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Housing-in-London-2012_v4.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Housing+in+London+-+The+evidence+base+for+The+London+Housing+strategy+-+December+2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.london.gov.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FHousing-in-London-2012_v4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williamson, E., Riches, A. & Higgs, M. <i>The Buildings of Scotland: Glasgow</i>. London: Penguin Books, 1990 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-071069-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-071069-8">0-14-071069-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotcities.com/cathcart/houses.htm">Houses and Mansions: Domestic Architecture of Glasgow's South Side</a> 2008-06-03</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/springburn/spring066.htm">Glasgow Digital Library: Demolition of tenements in Gourlay Street, 1975</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090105180936/http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/en/News/Archives/2006/May/housingrevolutionannounced.htm">Glasgow announces a revolution in house-building</a> Wednesday 31 May 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiis1890" class="citation book cs1">Riis, Jacob A. (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/howotherhalflive00riis_1"><i>How the other half lives : studies among the tenements of New York</i></a> (1st ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 31–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9111562986" title="Special:BookSources/9111562986"><bdi>9111562986</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+the+other+half+lives+%3A+studies+among+the+tenements+of+New+York&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=31-32&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1890&rft.isbn=9111562986&rft.aulast=Riis&rft.aufirst=Jacob+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhowotherhalflive00riis_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201111622/https://rentalpaca.com/blog/what-is-a-walk-up-apartment/">"What is a walk-up apartment?"</a>. 25 November 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rentalpaca.com/blog/what-is-a-walk-up-apartment/">the original</a> on 1 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+a+walk-up+apartment%3F&rft.date=2020-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frentalpaca.com%2Fblog%2Fwhat-is-a-walk-up-apartment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang2015" class="citation web cs1">Wang, Sissi (8 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928043939/https://www.canadianbusiness.com/economy/the-latest-threat-to-the-condo-market-apartment-buildings-rise-again/">"The latest threat to the condo market: apartment buildings rise again"</a>. <i>Canadian Business</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canadianbusiness.com/economy/the-latest-threat-to-the-condo-market-apartment-buildings-rise-again/">the original</a> on 28 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Business&rft.atitle=The+latest+threat+to+the+condo+market%3A+apartment+buildings+rise+again&rft.date=2015-07-08&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Sissi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadianbusiness.com%2Feconomy%2Fthe-latest-threat-to-the-condo-market-apartment-buildings-rise-again%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiGianfelice2015" class="citation web cs1">DiGianfelice, Lorenzo (9 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reminetwork.com/articles/gta-cap-rate-hits-new-benchmark-low/">"GTA cap rate hits new benchmark low"</a>. <i>Canadian Apartment Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Apartment+Magazine&rft.atitle=GTA+cap+rate+hits+new+benchmark+low&rft.date=2015-10-09&rft.aulast=DiGianfelice&rft.aufirst=Lorenzo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reminetwork.com%2Farticles%2Fgta-cap-rate-hits-new-benchmark-low%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2005" class="citation web cs1">Peterson, Richard (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skhs.org.au/SKHSbuildings/pdf%20files/21.pdf">"The Canterbury (Flats) - 236 Canterbury Road, St Kilda West"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>A Place of Sensuous Resort: Buildings of St Kilda and Their People</i>. St Kilda Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Place+of+Sensuous+Resort%3A+Buildings+of+St+Kilda+and+Their+People&rft.atitle=The+Canterbury+%28Flats%29+-+236+Canterbury+Road%2C+St+Kilda+West&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skhs.org.au%2FSKHSbuildings%2Fpdf%2520files%2F21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020628220428/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/heritagensw/win00/8_art.htm">"High Rise has a past too"</a>. Heritage.nsw.gov.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/heritagensw/win00/8_art.htm">the original</a> on 28 June 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High+Rise+has+a+past+too&rft.pub=Heritage.nsw.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nsw.gov.au%2Fheritagensw%2Fwin00%2F8_art.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518110359/https://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/2/2/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=384690&pageNo=&rowNum=10&amSeq=&sTarget=&sTxt="><bdi lang="ko">인구총조사 | 통계청</bdi></a> [the census | National Statistical Office]. kostat.go.kr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/2/2/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=384690&pageNo=&rowNum=10&amSeq=&sTarget=&sTxt=">the original</a> on 18 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC%EC%B4%9D%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC+%7C+%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%EC%B2%AD&rft.pub=kostat.go.kr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkostat.go.kr%2Fportal%2Fkorea%2Fkor_nw%2F1%2F2%2F2%2Findex.board%3Fbmode%3Dread%26aSeq%3D384690%26pageNo%3D%26rowNum%3D10%26amSeq%3D%26sTarget%3D%26sTxt%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asiae.co.kr/article/2021052811311363140"><bdi lang="ko">[2021아파트브랜드대상] 브랜드의 차이가 집값을 가른다</bdi></a> [The difference in the brand determines the price of the house]. <i>아시아경제</i> (in Korean). 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C&rft.atitle=%5B2021%EC%95%84%ED%8C%8C%ED%8A%B8%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%8C%80%EC%83%81%5D+%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%EC%9D%98+%EC%B0%A8%EC%9D%B4%EA%B0%80+%EC%A7%91%EA%B0%92%EC%9D%84+%EA%B0%80%EB%A5%B8%EB%8B%A4&rft.date=2021-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiae.co.kr%2Farticle%2F2021052811311363140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hankyung.com/realestate/article/2016042785871"><bdi lang="ko">같은 동·같은 평형인데…1층부터 9층까지 분양가 다 다르네</bdi></a> [It's the same equilibrium, but...From the 1st to the 9th floors, the prices are all different]. <i>한경닷컴</i> (in Korean). 27 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B2%BD%EB%8B%B7%EC%BB%B4&rft.atitle=%EA%B0%99%EC%9D%80+%EB%8F%99%C2%B7%EA%B0%99%EC%9D%80+%ED%8F%89%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B8%EB%8D%B0%E2%80%A61%EC%B8%B5%EB%B6%80%ED%84%B0+9%EC%B8%B5%EA%B9%8C%EC%A7%80+%EB%B6%84%EC%96%91%EA%B0%80+%EB%8B%A4+%EB%8B%A4%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%A4&rft.date=2016-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hankyung.com%2Frealestate%2Farticle%2F2016042785871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mk.co.kr/news/society/5247363"><bdi lang="ko">[경제신문은 내친구] 한국은 왜 아파트공화국이 됐나요</bdi></a> [Why did Korea become an apartment republic?]. <i>매일경제</i> (in Korean). 25 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EB%A7%A4%EC%9D%BC%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C&rft.atitle=%5B%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8%EC%9D%80+%EB%82%B4%EC%B9%9C%EA%B5%AC%5D+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%80+%EC%99%9C+%EC%95%84%ED%8C%8C%ED%8A%B8%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B4+%EB%90%90%EB%82%98%EC%9A%94&rft.date=2012-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mk.co.kr%2Fnews%2Fsociety%2F5247363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApartment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartment&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Apartments" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Apartments">Apartments</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, 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aria-labelledby="Real_estate_developments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Real_estate_developments" title="Template:Real estate developments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Real_estate_developments" title="Template talk:Real estate developments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Real_estate_developments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Real estate developments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Real_estate_developments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development">Real estate developments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_commercial_developments" title="Category:Planned commercial developments">Commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_park" title="Business park">Business park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_area" title="Commercial area">Commercial area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">Mixed-use development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Office building">Office building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">Port</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">inland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_center_(retail)" title="Power center (retail)">Power center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_park" title="Retail park">Retail park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverfront" title="Riverfront">Riverfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_center" title="Shopping center">Shopping center</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">Shopping mall</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_streets_and_districts_by_city" title="List of shopping streets and districts by city">Shopping streets and districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_industrial_developments" title="Category:Planned industrial developments">Industrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_cluster" title="Business cluster">Business cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_district" title="Industrial district">Industrial district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_park" title="Industrial park">Industrial park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_technology_centers" title="List of technology centers">Technology centers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_residential_developments" title="Category:Planned residential developments">Residential</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrihood" title="Agrihood">Agrihood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_house" title="Boarding house">Boarding house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungalow_court" title="Bungalow court">Bungalow court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_block" title="City block">City block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_community" title="Closed community">Closed community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_town" title="Company town">Company town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation community">Conservation community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_home" title="Executive home">Executive home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_course_community" title="Golf course community">Golf course community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community">Gated community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">Housing estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_apartment" title="Luxury apartment">Luxury apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMansion" title="McMansion">McMansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">Mixed-use development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_dwellings_company" title="Model dwellings company">Model dwellings for the poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifamily_residential" title="Multifamily residential">Multifamily residential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthouse_apartment" title="Penthouse apartment">Penthouse apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_community" title="Private community">Private community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">Public housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airpark" title="Airpark">Residential airpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_area" title="Residential area">Residential area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retirement_community" title="Retirement community">Retirement community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_house" title="Revenue house">Revenue house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooming_house" title="Rooming house">Rooming house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-room_occupancy" title="Single-room occupancy">Single-room occupancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">Subdivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tract_housing" title="Tract housing">Tract housing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science/education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campus" title="Campus">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_research_parks" title="List of research parks">Research park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_campus" title="Satellite campus">Satellite campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_park" title="Science park">Science park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_municipal_developments" title="Category:Planned municipal developments">Municipal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcology" title="Arcology">Arcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_center" title="Civic center">Civic center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">Garden city movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_village" title="Model village">Model village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planned_cities" title="List of planned cities">Planned cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_community" title="Planned community">Planned community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_green_space" title="Urban green space">Urban green space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Buildings</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_building_types" title="List of building types">types</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House" title="House">House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">Skyscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">Tower block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">Villa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brownfield_land" title="Brownfield land">Brownfield land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery">Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_cluster_development" title="Residential cluster development">Residential cluster development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Context theory">Context theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield_land" title="Greenfield land">Greenfield land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyfield_land" title="Greyfield land">Greyfield land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundscraper" title="Groundscraper">Groundscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land-use_planning" title="Land-use planning">Land-use planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-building_structure_types" title="List of non-building structure types">Nonbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIMBY" title="NIMBY">NIMBY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parking" title="Parking">Parking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_permission" title="Planning permission">Planning permission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground" title="Playground">Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redevelopment" title="Redevelopment">Redevelopment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_planning" title="Regional planning">Regional planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/16px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/24px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/32px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing">Housing portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Real_estate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Real_estate" title="Template:Real estate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Real_estate" title="Template talk:Real estate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Real_estate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Real estate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Real_estate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">Real estate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">Tertiary sector of the economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Bangladesh" title="Real estate in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_China" title="Real estate in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Italy" title="Real estate in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Kenya" title="Real estate in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Pakistan" title="Real estate in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Panama" title="Real estate in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Real estate in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Real estate in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_property" title="Commercial property">Commercial property</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial building">Commercial building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Real_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate Real Estate">Corporate Real Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_real_estate" title="Extraterrestrial real estate">Extraterrestrial real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_real_estate" title="International real estate">International real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lease_administration" title="Lease administration">Lease administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niche_real_estate" title="Niche real estate">Niche real estate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garden_real_estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden real estate">Garden real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_real_estate" title="Healthcare real estate">Healthcare real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacation_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacation property">Vacation property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">Arable land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_property" title="Golf property">Golf property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_real_estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxury real estate">Luxury real estate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-plan_property" title="Off-plan property">Off-plan property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_real_estate" title="Private equity real estate">Private equity real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_owned" title="Real estate owned">Real estate owned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Residential property">Residential property</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property_management" title="Property management">Property management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development">Real estate development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_investing" title="Real estate investing">Real estate investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flipping" title="Flipping">Real estate flipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relocation_service" title="Relocation service">Relocation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Law</a> and regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adverse_possession" title="Adverse possession">Adverse possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_of_title" title="Chain of title">Chain of title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closing_(real_estate)" title="Closing (real estate)">Closing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_estate" title="Concurrent estate">Concurrent estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_sale" title="Conditional sale">Conditional sale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conveyancing" title="Conveyancing">Conveyancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deed" title="Deed">Deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encumbrance" title="Encumbrance">Encumbrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreclosure" title="Foreclosure">Foreclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_law" title="Land law">Land law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_registration" title="Land registration">Land registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leasehold_estate" title="Leasehold estate">Leasehold estate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">Lease</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_abstract" title="Property abstract">Property abstract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_transaction" title="Real estate transaction">Real estate transaction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_contract" title="Real estate contract">Real estate contract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">Real property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_regulation" title="Rent regulation">Rent regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severance_(land)" title="Severance (land)">Severance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrens_title" title="Torrens title">Torrens title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economics, financing<br />and valuation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset-based_lending" title="Asset-based lending">Asset-based lending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalization_rate" title="Capitalization rate">Capitalization rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_gross_income" title="Effective gross income">Effective gross income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_rent_multiplier" title="Gross rent multiplier">Gross rent multiplier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_money_loan" title="Hard money loan">Hard money loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highest_and_best_use" title="Highest and best use">Highest and best use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_equity_loan" title="Home equity loan">Home equity loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_rating_for_real_estate" title="Investment rating for real estate">Investment rating for real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_insurance" title="Mortgage insurance">Mortgage insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">Mortgage loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_derivative" title="Real estate derivative">Real estate derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_economics" title="Real estate economics">Real estate economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_bubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate bubble">Real estate bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_valuation" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate valuation">Real estate valuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remortgage" title="Remortgage">Remortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rental_value" title="Rental value">Rental value</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_appraisal" title="Real estate appraisal">Appraiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyer_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Buyer agent">Buyer agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyer_broker" class="mw-redirect" title="Buyer broker">Buyer broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Surveyor" title="Chartered Surveyor">Chartered Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_buyer_agent" title="Exclusive buyer agent">Exclusive buyer agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_banking" title="Land banking">Land banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landlord" title="Landlord">Landlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_company" title="Moving company">Moving company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_manager" title="Property manager">Property manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_agent" title="Real estate agent">Real estate broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_investment_club" title="Real estate investment club">Real estate investment club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_investment_trust" title="Real estate investment trust">Real estate investment trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_property_administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Real property administrator">Real property administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leasehold_estate" title="Leasehold estate">Tenant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Real_estate_companies" title="Category:Real estate companies">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction" title="Eviction">Eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filtering_(housing)" title="Filtering (housing)">Filtering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">Gentrification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_real_estate_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate real estate education">Graduate real estate education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_belt" title="Green belt">Green belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Real_estate_indices" title="Category:Real estate indices">Indices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Real_estate_industry_trade_groups" title="Category:Real estate industry trade groups">Industry trade groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_real_estate_investment_firms" title="List of real estate investment firms">Investment firms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_banking" title="Land banking">Land banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_in_real_estate" title="Category:Businesspeople in real estate">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_cycle" title="Property cycle">Property cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_trends" title="Real estate trends">Real estate trends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_real_estate_programs" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergraduate real estate programs">Undergraduate real estate programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_decay" title="Urban decay">Urban decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_housing_markets_by_real_estate_prices" class="mw-redirect" title="List of housing markets by real estate prices">List of housing markets by real estate prices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Real_estate" title="Category:Real estate">Category</a></b></li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Realty" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Realty"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Index_of_real_estate_articles" title="Index of real estate articles">List of topics</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wohnung"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4066768-6">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Apartment houses"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85005908">United States</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Apartments"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85005927">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Immeubles d'habitation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932066w">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Immeubles d'habitation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932066w">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="byty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114219&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="아파트"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH1998009512">Korea</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Apartment houses"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294186505171">Israel</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Apartments"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294184605171">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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