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<span>Activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ethic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equity_and_justice-centered_making" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equity_and_justice-centered_making"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Equity and justice-centered making</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equity_and_justice-centered_making-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Difficulties_and_critique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difficulties_and_critique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Difficulties and critique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difficulties_and_critique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Benefits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benefits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Benefits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benefits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_hackerspaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_hackerspaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable hackerspaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_hackerspaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_library_hackerspaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_library_hackerspaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Public library hackerspaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_library_hackerspaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feminist_hackerspaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feminist_hackerspaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Feminist hackerspaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feminist_hackerspaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_school_maker/hackerspaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_school_maker/hackerspaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Public school maker/hackerspaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_school_maker/hackerspaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fab_labs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fab_labs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Fab labs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fab_labs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Community spaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_maker/hackerspaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_maker/hackerspaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>University maker/hackerspaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_maker/hackerspaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tool_library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tool_library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.7</span> <span>Tool library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tool_library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repair_cafe_/_clinic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repair_cafe_/_clinic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.8</span> <span>Repair cafe / clinic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repair_cafe_/_clinic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bicycle_coops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycle_coops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.9</span> <span>Bicycle coops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycle_coops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooking_makerspace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooking_makerspace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.10</span> <span>Cooking makerspace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooking_makerspace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hackerspace</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="مختبر اختراق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مختبر اختراق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacklab_ukanaka" title="Hacklab ukanaka – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Hacklab ukanaka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Хакерспейс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хакерспейс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacklab" title="Hacklab – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hacklab" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacklab" title="Hacklab – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hacklab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacklab" title="Hacklab – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hacklab" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacklab" title="Hacklab – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hacklab" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="هکراسپیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هکراسپیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacklab" title="Hacklab – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hacklab" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%BB%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="해커스페이스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해커스페이스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacklab" title="Hacklab – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hacklab" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="ハッカースペース – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハッカースペース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skaperverksted" title="Skaperverksted – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skaperverksted" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Хакерспейс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хакерспейс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heklab" title="Heklab – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Heklab" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ھاککەر سپەیس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھاککەر سپەیس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacklab" title="Hacklab – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hacklab" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="கொத்தர்வெளி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொத்தர்வெளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8B" title="แฮกเกอร์สเปซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แฮกเกอร์สเปซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace" title="Hackerspace – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Hackerspace" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A7%AD%E5%AE%A2%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="駭客空間 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="駭客空間" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Community organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Makerspace" redirects here. For library makerspaces, see <a href="/wiki/Library_makerspace" title="Library makerspace">Library makerspace</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RaumZeitLabor_Stairs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/RaumZeitLabor_Stairs.jpg/170px-RaumZeitLabor_Stairs.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/RaumZeitLabor_Stairs.jpg/255px-RaumZeitLabor_Stairs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/RaumZeitLabor_Stairs.jpg/340px-RaumZeitLabor_Stairs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> hackerspace (<a href="/wiki/RaumZeitLabor" title="RaumZeitLabor">RaumZeitLabor</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>hackerspace</b> (also referred to as a <b>hacklab,</b> <b>hackspace</b>, or <b>makerspace</b>) is a community-operated, often "not for profit" (<a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501(c)(3)</a> in the United States), <a href="/wiki/Workspace" title="Workspace">workspace</a> where people with common interests, such as <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machining" title="Machining">machining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital art</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Electronic_art" title="Electronic art">electronic art</a>, can <a href="/wiki/Meeting" title="Meeting">meet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialization" title="Socialization">socialize</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Collaboration" title="Collaboration">collaborate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hackerspaces are comparable to other community-operated spaces with similar aims and mechanisms such as <a href="/wiki/Fab_Lab_(fabrication_laboratory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fab Lab (fabrication laboratory)">Fab Lab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_shed" title="Men's shed">men's sheds</a>, and commercial "for-profit" companies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Böhm (page does not exist)">Paul Böhm</a> came up with a fundraising strategy based on the <a href="/wiki/Street_Performer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Street Performer Protocol">Street Performer Protocol</a> to build <a href="/wiki/Metalab" title="Metalab">Metalab</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria, and became its founding director. In 2007 he and others started Hackerspaces.org, a wiki-based website that maintains a list of many hackerspaces and documents patterns on how to start and run them. As of September 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the community list included 1967 hackerspaces with 1199 active sites and 354 planned sites.<sup id="cite_ref-hackerspacewiki-list_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hackerspacewiki-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The advent of <a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">crowdfunding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a> (founded in 2009) has put the tools required to build hackerspaces within reach of an even wider audience. For example, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilal_Ghalib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilal Ghalib (page does not exist)">Bilal Ghalib</a> (who had previously worked on a hackerspace documentary) and others used such tools to bring the hackerspace concept to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iraqkickstarter_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iraqkickstarter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Worldwide, a large number of hackerspace or makerspace facilities have been founded. Nicole Lou and Katie Peek reported that from 2006 to 2016 the number of active or planned spaces increased to 1,393, fourteen times as many as in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The US federal government has started adopting the concept of fully open makerspaces within its agencies as of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the first of which (SpaceShop Rapid Prototyping Lab) resides at <a href="/wiki/Ames_Research_Center" title="Ames Research Center">NASA Ames Research Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hackerspace_Software_and_Hardware.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Hackerspace_Software_and_Hardware.jpg/170px-Hackerspace_Software_and_Hardware.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Hackerspace_Software_and_Hardware.jpg/255px-Hackerspace_Software_and_Hardware.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Hackerspace_Software_and_Hardware.jpg/340px-Hackerspace_Software_and_Hardware.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5616" /></a><figcaption>Many hackerspaces support the <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> movement.</figcaption></figure> <p>In general, hackerspaces function as centers for peer learning and <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_sharing" title="Knowledge sharing">knowledge sharing</a>, in the form of workshops, presentations, and lectures. They usually also offer social activities for their members, such as game nights and parties. Hackerspaces can be viewed as <a href="/wiki/Open_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Open community">open community</a> <a href="/wiki/Laboratory" title="Laboratory">labs</a> incorporating elements of <a href="/wiki/Machining" title="Machining">machine shops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workshop" title="Workshop">workshops</a>, and/or <a href="/wiki/Studio" title="Studio">studios</a> where <a href="/wiki/Hacker_(programmer_subculture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacker (programmer subculture)">hackers</a> can come together to share resources and knowledge to build and make things.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many hackerspaces participate in the use and development of <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Open_hardware" class="mw-redirect" title="Open hardware">open hardware</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">alternative media</a>. They are often physically located in <a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">infoshops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Social center">social centers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adult_education" title="Adult education">adult education</a> centers, public schools, public libraries, or on <a href="/wiki/University_campus" class="mw-redirect" title="University campus">university campuses</a>, but may relocate to industrial or warehouse space when they need more room. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maker_tutorial_on_configuring_a_Raspberry_Pi_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Maker_tutorial_on_configuring_a_Raspberry_Pi_2.png/250px-Maker_tutorial_on_configuring_a_Raspberry_Pi_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Maker_tutorial_on_configuring_a_Raspberry_Pi_2.png/330px-Maker_tutorial_on_configuring_a_Raspberry_Pi_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Maker_tutorial_on_configuring_a_Raspberry_Pi_2.png/500px-Maker_tutorial_on_configuring_a_Raspberry_Pi_2.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Wu" title="Naomi Wu">Naomi Wu</a> demonstrating how to configure a <a href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a> 2</figcaption></figure> <p>Most recent studies of hackerspace in China—where Internet access is heavily censored—suggest that new businesses and organized tech conferences there serve to intervene in the status quo "from within". The first hackerspace in China, <a href="/wiki/Xinchejian" title="Xinchejian">Xinchejian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> opened in Shanghai in 2010. Thereafter a network of hackerspaces emerged, nourishing an emerging maker culture. By designing open technologies and developing new businesses, Chinese makers make use of the system, make fun of it, altering it and provoking it. DIY makers often bring and align contradictory ideas together, such as copycat and open source, manufacturing and DIY, individual empowerment and collective change. In doing so, they craft a subject position beyond the common rhetoric that Chinese citizens lack creativity. As a site of individual empowerment, hackerspace and DIY making enable people to remake the very societal norms and material infrastructures that undergird their work and livelihood.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facilities">Facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XanaduArtistGivesMachineShopTour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/XanaduArtistGivesMachineShopTour.jpg/250px-XanaduArtistGivesMachineShopTour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/XanaduArtistGivesMachineShopTour.jpg/330px-XanaduArtistGivesMachineShopTour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/XanaduArtistGivesMachineShopTour.jpg/500px-XanaduArtistGivesMachineShopTour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>An artist gives a tour of one of the two machine shops in Xanadu, a makerspace under the <a href="/wiki/Aegis" title="Aegis">aegis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Burning_Man" title="Burning Man">Burning Man</a> (Idaho Burners Alliance) in <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a> which is open to all.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maker_space_layout.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Maker_space_layout.jpeg/220px-Maker_space_layout.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Maker_space_layout.jpeg/330px-Maker_space_layout.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Maker_space_layout.jpeg/440px-Maker_space_layout.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1446" data-file-height="1018" /></a><figcaption>Example makerspace layout</figcaption></figure> <p>The specific tools and resources available at hackerspaces vary from place to place. They typically provide space for members to work on their individual projects, or to collaborate on group projects with other members. Hackerspaces may also operate computer tool lending libraries,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or physical tool lending libraries, up to and including creative <a href="/wiki/Sex_toys" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex toys">sex toys</a> in some instances.<sup id="cite_ref-Better_Loving_Through_Technology_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Better_Loving_Through_Technology-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building or facility the hackerspace occupies provides the physical infrastructure that members need to complete their projects. In addition, most hackerspaces provide <a href="/wiki/Electrical_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical power">electrical power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer server">computer servers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">networking</a> with <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> connectivity. Well-equipped hackerspaces may provide <a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">machine tools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">sewing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crafting" class="mw-redirect" title="Crafting">crafting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_fabrication" title="Art fabrication">art fabrication</a>, audio equipment, <a href="/wiki/Video_projector" title="Video projector">video projectors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Game_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Game console">game consoles</a>, electronic instrumentation (such as <a href="/wiki/Oscilloscopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscilloscopes">oscilloscopes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Signal_generators" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal generators">signal generators</a>), electronic components and raw materials for hacking, and various other tools for electronics fabrication and creating things.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specialized <a href="/wiki/Large-format_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Large-format printer">large-format printers</a>, <a href="/wiki/3D_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="3D printer">3D printers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laser_cutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser cutter">laser cutters</a>, industrial <a href="/wiki/Sewing_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewing machines">sewing machines</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNC_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="CNC machine">CNC machine</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Water_jet_cutter" title="Water jet cutter">water jet cutters</a> may be available for members to use. Some hackerspaces provide food storage and <a href="/wiki/Food_preparation" class="mw-redirect" title="Food preparation">food preparation</a> equipment, and may teach courses in basic or advanced cooking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hackerspace_billboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hackerspace_billboard.jpg/220px-Hackerspace_billboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hackerspace_billboard.jpg/330px-Hackerspace_billboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hackerspace_billboard.jpg/440px-Hackerspace_billboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1859" data-file-height="1094" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Billboard" title="Billboard">Billboard</a> promoting makerspaces</figcaption></figure> <p>The individual character of a hackerspace is determined by its members. There is a lot of variety in how hackerspaces are organised.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Some hackerspaces are governed by <b>elected boards</b> selected by active members in good standing. Elected officers may serve predetermined terms, and help direct decision-making with regards to purchasing new equipment, recruiting new members, formulating policy, conforming to safety requirements, and other administrative issues. <a href="/wiki/London_Hackspace" title="London Hackspace">London Hackspace</a>, for example, is governed by an elected board of trustees.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Others, such as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meetup.com/OpenGarage/">Open Garage</a>, are led by a single <a href="/wiki/Benevolent_dictator_for_life" title="Benevolent dictator for life">Benevolent Dictator For Life</a> (BDFL). This is a common governance structure for hackerspaces which are founded by a single person on their own property.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>There are also more anarchist governance models such as a <b>Do-ocracy</b>, in which people receive the authority over a task by doing it.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model is often combined with other structures such as elected boards or consensus-driven meetings, as is the case in <a href="/wiki/Noisebridge" title="Noisebridge">Noisebridge</a>.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Subscription_business_model" title="Subscription business model">Membership fees</a> are usually the main income of a hackerspace, but some also accept <a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)" title="Sponsor (commercial)">external sponsors</a>. Some hackerspaces in the US have <a href="/wiki/501(c)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)">501(c)</a>3 status (or the equivalent in their jurisdiction), while others have chosen to forgo tax exempt status.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> University-affiliated hackerspaces often do not charge an explicit fee, but are generally limited to students, staff, or alumni, although visiting guests from other hackerspaces are usually welcome. Some hackerspaces accept volunteer labor in lieu of membership fees, especially from financially limited participants. In addition, some hackerspaces earn income from sponsoring and staffing high-tech <a href="/wiki/Flea_market" title="Flea market">flea markets</a>, where members of the general public may buy and sell new and used equipment and supplies. </p><p>There is a loose, informal tradition at many hackerspaces of welcoming visitors from other similar organizations, whether across town or internationally. Free exchange of ideas, skills, and knowledge are encouraged, especially at periodic gatherings sometimes called "build nights", "open door" or "open house" days. </p><p>Makerspaces are increasingly being included as <a href="/wiki/Learning_space" title="Learning space">learning spaces</a> in schools, <a href="/wiki/Learning_commons" title="Learning commons">learning commons</a>, and other educational facilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethic">Ethic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ethic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hackerspaces are widely defined on hackerspaces.org as “community-operated physical places, where people can meet and work on their projects”. The exact functioning of the space varies from place to place and is determined by its members and while there is no blueprint or set of guidelines to create a hackerspace, they generally follow a “hacker ethic”,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which “include freedom, in the sense of autonomy as well as of free access and circulation of information; distrust of authority, that is, opposing the traditional, industrial top-down style of organization; embracing the concept of learning by doing and peer-to-peer learning processes as opposed to formal modes of learning; sharing, solidarity and cooperation”.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hackerspaces have also been described as physical manifestations of the <a href="/wiki/Peer_production" title="Peer production">peer production</a> principles.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equity_and_justice-centered_making">Equity and justice-centered making</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Equity and justice-centered making"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Large opportunity gaps in science and engineering (<a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">STEM</a>) persist for youth growing up in poverty, and in particular for African American and Latino youth, and have become a focus of STEM-rich Making. The evolving maker movement has generated interest for its potential role in opening up access to learning and attainment in STEM, with advocates arguing for its “democratizing effects" – with access to a makerspace, “anyone can make... anyone can change the world”.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Makerspaces potentially offer opportunities for young people to engage in STEM knowledge and practices in creative and playful ways, where “learning is and for the making”.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, an explicit equity-agenda has been fairly absent in the maker movement, especially as it relates to sustained engagement in making. The movement remains an adult, white, middle-class pursuit, led by those with the leisure time, technical knowledge, experience, and resources to make.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even with the growth of community-based makerspaces, users of these spaces tend to be white adult men. The median salary for those involved in the maker movement in the US is $103,000, with 97% of those who go to Maker Faires having college degrees (and 70% have graduate degrees). Only 11% of the contributions to <i>Make Magazine</i> (the periodical credited with launching the Maker Movement) are female.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, as the maker movement has become formalized, the powerful knowledge and practices of communities of color or of low-income communities have not yet become central to its discourse.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emerging research has begun to address how the maker movement might address equity concerns broadly. There is recent research in this area, which is challenging the field to consider new directions in the design of maker spaces, in maker space programming and pedagogies, and in how to make sense of the outcomes of making. These include: 1) Expanding what counts as making;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kafai_532–556_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kafai_532–556-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2) Design of makerspaces that foster an open, flexible and welcoming atmosphere to youth;<sup id="cite_ref-Angela_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angela-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3) Maker space programs and pedagogies that support an equitable culture of making, the incorporation of participants’ cultural knowledge and practices,<sup id="cite_ref-Calabrese_Barton_761–800_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calabrese_Barton_761–800-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barajas-López_7–20_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barajas-López_7–20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a focus on new literacies;<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and valuing multiple iterations and failing-forward;<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 4) Expanding the outcomes of making to include agency, identity, and the after-life of maker projects.<sup id="cite_ref-Angela_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angela-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cutting across these areas are specific attention to gender and computer science,<sup id="cite_ref-Kafai_532–556_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kafai_532–556-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indigenous epistemologies and maker activities,<sup id="cite_ref-Barajas-López_7–20_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barajas-López_7–20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and how makerspaces may ground STEM-rich making in the lived experiences and wisdom of youth of color and their families and communities.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One emerging area of studies examines the production of an equitable culture in making, including in-depth longitudinal cases of youth makers in community settings, how youth and community co-design for equitable learning opportunities and outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-Calabrese_Barton_761–800_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calabrese_Barton_761–800-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difficulties_and_critique">Difficulties and critique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Difficulties and critique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hackerspaces can run into difficulties with <a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">building codes</a> or other planning regulations, which may not be designed to handle their scope of activities. For example, a new hackerspace in <a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua, New Hampshire</a>, was shut down by the city after an inspection in 2011. The main issues involved ventilation of heat and toxic fumes; the space was reopened after improvements were made to the building.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The difficulties with opening hackerspaces and makerspaces within <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organizations">non-profit organizations</a>, such as schools and <a href="/wiki/Public_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Public libraries">public libraries</a> include cost, space, liability, and availability of personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many makerspaces struggle to sustain viable business models in support of their missions.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hackerspace culture may have more demonstrable challenges than the spaces themselves. For more, see: <a href="/wiki/Maker_culture#Criticisms" title="Maker culture">Maker Culture#Criticisms.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (October 2018)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Grenzfurthner" title="Johannes Grenzfurthner">Johannes Grenzfurthner</a> published the much debated pamphlet "Hacking the Spaces", that dealt with exclusionist tendencies in the hackerspaces movement. Grenzfurther extended his critique through lectures at the 2012 and 2014 <a href="/wiki/Hackers_on_Planet_Earth" title="Hackers on Planet Earth">Hackers on Planet Earth</a> conferences in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Benefits">Benefits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Research suggests that hackerspaces can impact psychosocial skills, such as having motivation, self-directing ones learning, taking initiative, confidence in oneself, and taking risks in a positive manner.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Experiences in hackerspaces help relate material learned in the classroom to the real world.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Allows students access to a broader variety of resources and materials they otherwise wouldn't have access to.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Provides underprivileged students with equal STEM opportunities they otherwise would not be able to receive.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Promotes hands-on learning which is one of the best learning methods for children.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Provides students with experience in persistence and using failure as learning opportunities.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Increases leadership and collaboration skills as most hackerspace experiences require working with others.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_hackerspaces">Notable hackerspaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable hackerspaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">A directory is maintained at the hackerspaces.org<sup id="cite_ref-hackerspacewiki-list_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hackerspacewiki-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wiki. For some other notable examples, see: <a href="/wiki/Category:Hackerspaces" title="Category:Hackerspaces">Category:Hackerspaces</a></div> <p>Over the years, many hackerspaces have grown significantly in membership, operational budgets, and local media attention. Many have also helped establish other hackerspaces in nearby locations. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-base" title="C-base">c-base</a> (1995) from <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> is recognized as one of the first independent, stand-alone hackerspaces in the world, not affiliated with a school, university, or company. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i> writes that "European groups, particularly in Germany, have a long tradition of this kind of activity".<sup id="cite_ref-wired2007_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired2007-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another known German hackerspace is <a href="/wiki/RaumZeitLabor" title="RaumZeitLabor">RaumZeitLabor</a>, organizer of Trollcon.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geek_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Geek Group">The Geek Group</a>, formed in 1994, was a budding nonprofit hackerspace in Grand Rapids, Michigan that had a large following and internet presence. There were various chapters around the United States. Their main focus was as an opensource hackerspace to increase STEM education accessibility and one day become an accredited institution of higher education.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalab" title="Metalab">Metalab</a>, founded in 2006, is generally considered to have pioneered the funding principles that enabled rapid spread of the concept.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TechShop" title="TechShop">TechShop</a> was the first chain of commercial hackerspaces. It was launched in October 2006. As of October 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were six TechShop locations in the US: three in California and one each in North Carolina, Michigan, and Texas, the last a partnership with the <a href="/wiki/Lowe%27s" title="Lowe's">Lowe's</a> home improvement chain. As of May 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the company had declared <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>, with plans for reorganization or liquidation to be announced.<sup id="cite_ref-Woods_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woods-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Su_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Su-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In August 2007, a group of North American hackers visited Europe "to get a sense for the potential of European 'hacker spaces'", and upon their return, the groups <a href="/wiki/NYC_Resistor" title="NYC Resistor">NYC Resistor</a> and <a href="/wiki/HacDC" title="HacDC">HacDC</a> were set up in late 2007, with <a href="/wiki/Noisebridge" title="Noisebridge">Noisebridge</a> following in fall 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-wired2007_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired2007-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wired2009_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired2009-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RevSpace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RevSpace (page does not exist)">RevSpace</a> is a Dutch hackerspace founded in 2009. A regular of its IRC channel perpetrated a DDoS attack on VISA and MasterCard in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dallas Makerspace (DMS) was founded by members of the Dallas Personal Robotics Group (DPRG) in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-bustillos2017_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bustillos2017-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of summer of 2017, it has a paying membership base of 1500, "making it one of the largest, if not the largest, nonprofit, volunteer-run makerspaces in the country" according to Dallas Morning News.<sup id="cite_ref-bustillos2017_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bustillos2017-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The first Chinese hackerspace <a href="/wiki/Xinchejian" title="Xinchejian">Xinchejian</a> was established in Shanghai in the fall of 2010. Thereafter hackerspaces have grown in numerous cities including Beijing, Shenzhen, Ningbo, Hangzhou and Guangzhou. Chinese makers became internationally visible when the first Maker Carnival was hosted in Beijing in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Idea_Foundry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbus Idea Foundry (page does not exist)">Columbus Idea Foundry</a> moved into a 65,000-square-foot factory in <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbus Ohio">Columbus Ohio</a> on May 22, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By one account, it is "the country's largest such space".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Ames_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA Ames Research Center">NASA's</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_Institute_for_Advanced_Computer_Science" title="Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science">Ames Research Center Rapid Prototyping Lab</a> was developed as the first open makerspace within the US Federal Government. It has trained thousands of Federal employees on emerging rapid-prototyping equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>According to <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a> magazine, <a href="/wiki/Artisan%27s_Asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Artisan's Asylum">Artisan's Asylum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville, Massachusetts</a>), was believed to be the largest makerspace in the world in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Verstehbahnhof</i> in <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrstenberg_(Havel)_station" title="Fürstenberg (Havel) station">Fürstenberg (Havel) station</a> is an example of a makerspace in a rural German town with a declining population. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Domscheit-Berg" title="Daniel Domscheit-Berg">Daniel Domscheit-Berg</a> is one of the principal contributors to this space.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A lot of places share values similar to those purported by hackspaces, whether or not they use that nomenclature. A few examples follow: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_library_hackerspaces">Public library hackerspaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Public library hackerspaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public libraries have long been a place to share resources for learning. Lately some have reconsidered their roles to include providing resources for hacking and making. Those generally call themselves <a href="/wiki/Library_makerspace" title="Library makerspace">library makerspaces</a>. For example, <a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga</a>'s 4th floor in Tennessee may have been the first use of a library as laboratory and playground for its community. The User Experience (UX)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2025)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup> is another public laboratory and educational facility.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Or, according to <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> magazine, the first public library to open a MakerSpace is the Fayetteville<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (March 2025)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> Free Library.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feminist_hackerspaces">Feminist hackerspaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Feminist hackerspaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In response to the misogyny allegedly shown by the <a href="/wiki/Brogrammer" title="Brogrammer">brogrammer</a> culture that sees hackerspaces as "male" spaces, Seattle Attic was founded in the summer of 2013, as the first Feminist Hackerspace in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were soon followed by <a href="/wiki/Double_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Double union">Double Union</a>, in San Francisco.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their founding came as a result of The Ada Initiative, and their AdaCamp conferences. Which has also led to the formation of FouFem in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, the Mz Baltazar's Laboratory, a start-up organization and feminist hackspace in Vienna, the Anarchafeminist Hackerhive in San Francisco, the Hacktory in Philadelphia and the Miss Despionas in Tasmania, Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and myriad others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_school_maker/hackerspaces"><span id="Public_school_maker.2Fhackerspaces"></span>Public school maker/hackerspaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Public school maker/hackerspaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some public schools in the US now also include hackerspaces. The first high school to open a true MakerSpace was in <a href="/wiki/Sebastopol,_California" title="Sebastopol, California">Sebastopol, California</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2014)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and middle schools followed the trend. For example, White Hill Middle school in <a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_California" title="Fairfax, California">Fairfax, California</a> has now opened up their own MakerSpace with a class called "Makers and Hackers".<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018 <a href="/wiki/Penketh_High_School" title="Penketh High School">Penketh High School</a> became the first school to have a school makerspace in the United Kingdom. "Spark" was designed for students and the community being the first of its kind in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Shenzhen, China <a href="/wiki/SteamHead" title="SteamHead">SteamHead</a> makerspace organized a school makerspace inside Shenzhen American International School in 2014, and SZ DIY makerspace organized a school makerspace inside Harbour School.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fab_labs">Fab labs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fab labs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fab_lab" title="Fab lab">Fab labs</a> are spaces (part of a network initiated by MIT's <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Bits_and_Atoms" title="Center for Bits and Atoms">Center for Bits and Atoms</a>) whose goal is to enable people to "make (almost) anything". They focus heavily on digital fabrication tools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_spaces">Community spaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Community spaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many community art spaces share values with hackerspaces. Some, like <a href="/wiki/AS220" title="AS220">AS220</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haystack_Mountain_School_of_Crafts" title="Haystack Mountain School of Crafts">Haystack Mountain School of Crafts</a> have embraced <a href="/wiki/Fab_lab" title="Fab lab">Fab lab</a> structures to expand the range of media represented in their spaces to include digital fabrication tools. There are also community-based makerspaces focused on open-access to allow community members to address community-based problems. For example, to share resources and access to critical manufacturing equipment. Makerspaces could also be seen as spaces for the co-production of convivial tools that “foster conviviality to the extent to which they can be easily used, by anybody, as often or as seldom as desired, for the accomplishment of a purpose chosen by the user”.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From a justice perspective, the open access is important because many makerspaces are pay-to-play. Examples of community-based making spaces include <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://getcity.org">GET City</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wedgedetroit.com/project/mt-elliott-makerspace/">Mt Elliot</a>, both in Michigan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_maker/hackerspaces"><span id="University_maker.2Fhackerspaces"></span>University maker/hackerspaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: University maker/hackerspaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Library_laser_cutter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Library_laser_cutter.jpg/220px-Library_laser_cutter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Library_laser_cutter.jpg/330px-Library_laser_cutter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Library_laser_cutter.jpg/440px-Library_laser_cutter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Laser cutter in a university library</figcaption></figure> <p>Universities around the world have at different rates embraced educational possibilities of these spaces. Makerspaces provide colleges and universities with an inspirational environment where innovative connections between technology and curriculum can be utilized for experiential teaching and learning activities<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> has pioneered the <a href="/wiki/Fab_lab" title="Fab lab">Fab lab</a> movement and implementation of similar spaces in universities around the world. Non-Fab-Lab-associated Maker and Hackerspaces are also common. <a href="/wiki/Wheaton_College_(Massachusetts)" title="Wheaton College (Massachusetts)">Wheaton College</a> is one school pioneering new Hacker and Maker curriculums and spaces,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as is <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> with spaces like its "CEID".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_W._Olin_College_of_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering">Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering</a> has also pioneered Makerist and Hacker curriculum to great success. The Bioengineering Department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>'s <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Science" title="University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science">School of Engineering and Applied Science</a> combines their educational lab space with an open Bio-MakerSpace in their <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belabs.seas.upenn.edu/">George H. Stephenson Foundation Educational Laboratory & Bio-MakerSpace</a> (or Biomakerspace or BioMaker Space), encouraging a free flow of ideas, creativity, and entrepreneurship between Bioengineering students and students throughout the university.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_College_of_William_%26_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="The College of William & Mary">William & Mary</a> is rapidly expanding their <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://makerspaces.wm.edu">makerspace resources</a> to include engineering spaces for all undergraduate & graduate degrees as part of their new Coll curricula. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tool_library">Tool library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tool library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tool_library" title="Tool library">Tool libraries</a> generally lack a shared space for making or hacking things, but instead serve as a repository of tools people can borrow for use in their own respective spaces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repair_cafe_/_clinic"><span id="Repair_cafe_.2F_clinic"></span>Repair cafe / clinic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Repair cafe / clinic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"<a href="/wiki/Repair_caf%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Repair café">Repair cafés</a>" are semipermanent places where people can come together to teach and learn how to fix things. "Repair clinics" are <a href="/wiki/Pop-up_exhibition" title="Pop-up exhibition">pop-up</a> events without permanent facilities, though they are often sponsored by organizations such as public libraries, schools, or universities.<sup id="cite_ref-Brinkman_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brinkman-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emphasis is on basic <a href="/wiki/DIY" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY">DIY</a> repairs rather than building new things, but there is a similar informal atmosphere of exploration and learning new skills. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bicycle_coops">Bicycle coops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bicycle coops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_cooperative" title="Bicycle cooperative">Bicycle cooperatives</a> are places where people can build or fix bicycles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooking_makerspace">Cooking makerspace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cooking makerspace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A place where anyone can use different professional kitchen equipment and try culinary experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-manufacturing-7481278.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Noun-manufacturing-7481278.svg/40px-Noun-manufacturing-7481278.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Noun-manufacturing-7481278.svg/60px-Noun-manufacturing-7481278.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="101" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Manufacturing" title="Portal:Manufacturing">Manufacturing portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hacker_culture" title="Hacker culture">Hacker culture</a> – Subculture of individuals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackerspace_Global_Grid" title="Hackerspace Global Grid">Hackerspace Global Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maker_culture" title="Maker culture">Maker culture</a> – Community interested in do-it-yourself technical pursuits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maker_Faire" title="Maker Faire">Maker Faire</a> – Convention of DIY enthusiasts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_shed" title="Men's shed">Men's shed</a> – Non-profit local organisations that provide a space for craftwork and social interaction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkering_School" title="Tinkering School">Tinkering School</a> – school in the United States<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_manufacturing" title="Urban manufacturing">Urban manufacturing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Henry2012" class="citation web cs1">Alan Henry (23 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifehacker.com.au/2012/05/how-to-find-and-get-involved-with-a-hackerspace-in-your-community/">"How To Find And Get Involved With A Hackerspace"</a>. <i>lifehacker.com.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yale+CEID&rft.atitle=CEID+Homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fceid.yale.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHackerspace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asee.org/public/conferences/140/papers/25721/view">"From Course Instruction to Bio-MakerSpace: Creating a Lab Space for Independent Investigation and Innovation: American Society for Engineering Education"</a>. <i>www.asee.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asee.org&rft.atitle=From+Course+Instruction+to+Bio-MakerSpace%3A+Creating+a+Lab+Space+for+Independent+Investigation+and+Innovation%3A+American+Society+for+Engineering+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asee.org%2Fpublic%2Fconferences%2F140%2Fpapers%2F25721%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHackerspace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brinkman-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brinkman_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrinkman2012" class="citation web cs1">Brinkman, Camilla (7 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mit.edu/2012/education-empowerment-and-enlightenment-through-guided-disassembly-of-your-broken-stuff">"Education, empowerment and enlightenment through guided disassembly of your broken stuff"</a>. <i>MIT News</i>. Massachusetts Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIT+News&rft.atitle=Education%2C+empowerment+and+enlightenment+through+guided+disassembly+of+your+broken+stuff&rft.date=2012-02-07&rft.aulast=Brinkman&rft.aufirst=Camilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mit.edu%2F2012%2Feducation-empowerment-and-enlightenment-through-guided-disassembly-of-your-broken-stuff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHackerspace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarx2018" class="citation web cs1">Marx, Ilona (December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktchnrebel.com/the-high-tech-playground/">"The high-tech playground"</a>. <i>KTCHNrebel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTCHNrebel&rft.atitle=The+high-tech+playground&rft.date=2018-12&rft.aulast=Marx&rft.aufirst=Ilona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktchnrebel.com%2Fthe-high-tech-playground%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHackerspace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hackerspace&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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/></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hackerspaces" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hackerspaces">Hackerspaces</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.hackerspaces.org">HackerspaceWiki</a> – Global hackerspace database and resource</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKalish2010" class="citation news cs1">Kalish, Jon (November 28, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=131644649">"A Space For DIY People To Do Their Business"</a>. <i>NPR</i>.</cite><span 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hackerspace" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hackerspace"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hackerspace78" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hackerspace</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SteamHead" title="SteamHead">SteamHead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinchejian" title="Xinchejian">Xinchejian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaaga" title="Jaaga">Jaaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maker%27s_Asylum" title="Maker's Asylum">Maker's Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigyan_Ashram" title="Vigyan Ashram">Vigyan Ashram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HackerspaceSG" title="HackerspaceSG">HackerspaceSG</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Singapore)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHMakerBus" title="DHMakerBus">DHMakerBus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artisan%27s_Asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Artisan's Asylum">Artisan's Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS220" title="AS220">AS220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Hackerspace" title="Baltimore Hackerspace">Baltimore Hackerspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Underground_Science_Space" title="Baltimore Underground Science Space">Baltimore Underground Science Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Open_Source_Science_Laboratory" title="Boston Open Source Science Laboratory">Boston Open Source Science Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Union" title="Double Union">Double Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Whitney_Museum" title="Eli Whitney Museum">Eli Whitney Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyebeam_(organization)" title="Eyebeam (organization)">Eyebeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genspace" title="Genspace">Genspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HacDC" title="HacDC">HacDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacker_Dojo" title="Hacker Dojo">Hacker Dojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HackMiami" title="HackMiami">HackMiami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L0pht" title="L0pht">L0pht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberating_Ourselves_Locally" title="Liberating Ourselves Locally">Liberating Ourselves Locally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maker_Nexus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maker Nexus">Maker Nexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothership_HackerMoms" title="Mothership HackerMoms">Mothership HackerMoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NextFab" title="NextFab">NextFab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noisebridge" title="Noisebridge">Noisebridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NYC_Resistor" title="NYC Resistor">NYC Resistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omni_Commons" title="Omni Commons">Omni Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Works" title="Open Works">Open Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_City_Makerspace" title="Port City Makerspace">Port City Makerspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudo_Room" title="Sudo Room">Sudo Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TechShop" title="TechShop">TechShop</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-base" title="C-base">c-base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaosdorf" title="Chaosdorf">Chaosdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrstenberg_(Havel)_station" title="Fürstenberg (Havel) station">Fürstenberg (Havel) station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RaumZeitLabor" title="RaumZeitLabor">RaumZeitLabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shackspace" title="Shackspace">shackspace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASCII_(squat)" title="ASCII (squat)">ASCII</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubica" title="Ubica">Ubica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access_Space" title="Access Space">Access Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_BloQs" title="Building BloQs">Building BloQs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Hackspace" title="Leigh Hackspace">Leigh Hackspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Hackspace" title="London Hackspace">London Hackspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCell" title="OpenCell">OpenCell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Shed" title="Open Shed">Open Shed</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FreakNet" title="FreakNet">FreakNet</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Italy)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackerspace.gr" title="Hackerspace.gr">Hackerspace.gr</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Greece)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiberpipa" title="Kiberpipa">Kiberpipa</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Slovenia, defunct, revival in progress)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Budapest" title="Kitchen Budapest">Kitchen Budapest</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hungary)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalab" title="Metalab">Metalab</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Vienna)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOG_(hackerspace)" title="TOG (hackerspace)">TOG</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ireland)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_Techspace" title="Gold Coast Techspace">Gold Coast Techspace</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Australia)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_Electronics_Library" title="Musical Electronics Library">Musical Electronics Library</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(New Zealand)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devthon" title="Devthon">Devthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fab_lab" title="Fab lab">Fab lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_makerspace" title="Library makerspace">Library makerspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackerspace_Global_Grid" title="Hackerspace Global Grid">Hackerspace Global Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Racing_Series" title="Power Racing Series">Power Racing Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtlestitch" title="Turtlestitch">Turtlestitch</a></li></ul> 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