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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Wearing" title="Clive Wearing – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clive Wearing" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Wearing" title="Clive Wearing – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Clive Wearing" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Wearing" title="Clive Wearing – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Clive Wearing" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="קלייב ורינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קלייב ורינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%89" title="كلايف يرتدى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كلايف يرتدى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Wearing" title="Clive Wearing – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Clive Wearing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Wearing" title="Clive Wearing – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Clive Wearing" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Wearing" title="Clive Wearing – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Clive Wearing" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q724948#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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Since then, he has lacked the ability to form new <a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">memories</a> and cannot recall aspects of his memories, frequently believing that he has only recently awoken from a <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">comatose</a> state. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_career">Musical career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clive_Wearing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Musical career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wearing is an accomplished musician who edited the works of <a href="/wiki/Orlando_di_Lasso" title="Orlando di Lasso">Orlande de Lassus</a>. Wearing sang at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral">Westminster Cathedral</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a> <a href="/wiki/Lay_clerk" title="Lay clerk">lay clerk</a> for many years and also had a career as a chorus master, working as such at <a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a> and with the London Sinfonietta Chorus. </p><p>In 1968, he founded the Europa Singers of London, an amateur choir specialising in music of the 17th, 18th and 20th centuries. It won critical approval, especially for performances of the <i><a href="/wiki/Vespro_della_Beata_Vergine" title="Vespro della Beata Vergine">Vespro della Beata Vergine</a></i>. In 1977, it gave the first performance in the Russian Cathedral of Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Tavener" title="John Tavener">John Tavener</a>'s setting of the Liturgy of <a href="/wiki/St._John_Chrysostom" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John Chrysostom">St. John Chrysostom</a> with Roderick Earle as bass soloist and subsequently made a recording (Ikon Records No. 9007). The Europa Singers also competed in the XXXII Concorso Polifonico Internazionale in <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a> in 1984, and provided choruses for operas staged by the <a href="/wiki/London_Opera_Centre" title="London Opera Centre">London Opera Centre</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Lully</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Alceste_(Lully)" title="Alceste (Lully)"><i>Alceste</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro" title="The Marriage of Figaro">Marriage of Figaro</a></i>, which was performed at <a href="/wiki/Sadler%27s_Wells_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadler's Wells Opera">Sadler's Wells</a>. </p><p>Wearing also organised The London Lassus Ensemble, designing and staging the 1982 London Lassus Festival to commemorate the composer's 450th Anniversary. </p><p>While he was working at the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, Wearing was responsible for much of the musical content of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a> on 29 July 1981, the day of the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Charles_and_Diana_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding of Prince Charles and Diana Spencer">wedding of Prince Charles and Diana Spencer</a>. For that occasion, he chose to recreate, with authentic instruments and meticulously researched scores, the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> royal wedding that took place in Munich on 22 February 1568. The music by Lassus, Padovano, de'Bardi, Palestrina, Gabrieli, Tallis and others was performed by the Taverner Consort, Choir and Players and the Natural Trumpet Ensemble of the <a href="/wiki/Schola_Cantorum_Basiliensis" title="Schola Cantorum Basiliensis">Schola Cantorum Basiliensis</a>, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Parrott" title="Andrew Parrott">Andrew Parrott</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amnesia">Amnesia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clive_Wearing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Amnesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 27 March 1985, Wearing, then an acknowledged expert in <a href="/wiki/Early_music" title="Early music">early music</a> at the height of his career with BBC Radio 3, contracted <a href="/wiki/Herpesviral_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpesviral encephalitis">herpesviral encephalitis</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Herpes" title="Herpes">herpes</a> simplex virus that attacked his <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, he has been unable to store new memories. He has also been unable to associate memories effectively or to control his emotions, exhibiting unstable moods. </p><p>Wearing developed a profound case of total amnesia as a result of his illness. Because of damage to the <a href="/wiki/Hippocampus" title="Hippocampus">hippocampus</a> (an area required to transfer memories from <a href="/wiki/Short-term_memory" title="Short-term memory">short-term</a> to <a href="/wiki/Long-term_memory" title="Long-term memory">long-term memory</a>), he is completely unable to form lasting new memories. His memory for events lasts between seven and thirty seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spends every day 'waking up' every 20 seconds or so, 'restarting' his <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">consciousness</a> once the timespan of his short-term memory has elapsed. During this time, he repeatedly questions why he has not seen a doctor, as he constantly believes that he has only recently awoken from a <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">comatose</a> state. If he is engaged in conversation, he is able to provide answers to questions, but he cannot stay in the flow of conversation for longer than a few sentences and is angered if he is asked about his current situation. </p><p>Wearing remembers little of his life before 1985. He knows, for example, that he has children from an earlier marriage, but he cannot remember their names. His love for his second wife, Deborah, whom he married the year before his illness began, is undiminished. He greets her joyously every time they meet, believing either that he has not seen her in years or that they have never met before, even though she may have just left the room momentarily. When he goes out dining with his wife, he can remember the names of food, but he cannot link them with taste, as he forgets what food he is eating by the time it has reached his mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. It's just 'BBC'. (September 2022)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In a diary provided by his carers, Wearing was encouraged to record his thoughts. Page after page was filled with entries similar to the following:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p> 8:31 AM: Now I am <del>really</del>, <del>completely</del> awake. (<del>1st Time</del>)<br /> 9:06 AM: Now I am <del>perfectly</del>, <del>overwhelmingly</del> awake. (<del>1st Time</del>)<br /> 9:34 AM: Now I am <del>superlatively</del>, <del>actually</del> awake. (<del>1st Time</del>) </p> </blockquote> <p>Parts of entries were usually subsequently crossed out, since he forgot having made an entry within minutes and dismissed the writings. He did not know how the entries were made or by whom, although he did recognise his own handwriting.<sup id="cite_ref-video_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-video-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wishing to record 'waking up for the first time', he still wrote diary entries in 2007, more than 20 years after he started them. </p><p>Wearing can learn new procedures and even a few facts, not from <a href="/wiki/Episodic_memory" title="Episodic memory">episodic memory</a> or <a href="/wiki/Encoding_(memory)" title="Encoding (memory)">encoding</a>, but by acquiring new <a href="/wiki/Procedural_memory" title="Procedural memory">procedural memories</a> through repetition. For example, having watched a certain video recording multiple times on successive days, he never had any memory of ever seeing the video or knowing the content, but he was able to anticipate certain parts of the content without remembering how he learned them.<sup id="cite_ref-video2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-video2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite having no memory of specific musical pieces when they are mentioned by name, and an extremely limited recall of his previous musical knowledge, Wearing remains capable of playing complex piano and organ pieces, sight-reading and conducting a choir.<sup id="cite_ref-abyss_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abyss-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a documentary broadcast in 2005, Wearing was interviewed about the experience of his condition: </p> <blockquote> <dl><dd>You're the first human beings I've seen, the three of you. Two men and one lady. The first ... people I've seen since I've been ill. No difference between day and night. No thoughts at all. No dreams. Day and night, the same – blank. Precisely like death.</dd></dl> <p>Is it very hard? </p> <dl><dd>No. It's exactly the same as being dead, which is not difficult, is it? To be dead is easy. You don't do anything at all. You can't do anything, when you are dead. It's been the same. Exactly.</dd></dl> <p>Do you miss your old life? </p> <dl><dd>Yes. But I've never been conscious to think that. So I've never been bored or upset. I've never been anything at all, it's exactly the same as death. No dreams even. Day and night, the same.</dd></dl> <p>When you miss your old life, you say, 'Yes, I miss my old life', what do you miss? </p> <dl><dd>The fact that I was a musician. And in love.<sup id="cite_ref-sevensecond_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sevensecond-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reports">Reports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clive_Wearing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wearing's wife Deborah has written a book about her husband's case entitled <i>Forever Today</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His story was told in a 1986 documentary entitled <i>Equinox: Prisoner of Consciousness</i>, in which he was interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Miller" title="Jonathan Miller">Jonathan Miller</a>. Neurologist <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Sacks" title="Oliver Sacks">Oliver Sacks</a> mentions the documentary in his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Mistook_His_Wife_for_a_Hat" title="The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat">The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat</a></i>. An updated story was told in the 2005 <a href="/wiki/ITV_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV Network">ITV</a> documentary <i>The Man with the 7 Second Memory</i> (although Wearing's short-term memory span can be up to 30 seconds). </p><p>He was also featured in the 1988 PBS series, <i>The Mind</i>, in Episode 1, <i>In Search of the Mind.</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A follow-up episode was aired in 1998 on the second edition of <i>The Mind</i> as <i>Life Without Memory: The Case of Clive Wearing.</i> </p><p>He also appears in the 2006 documentary series <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(2006_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Time (2006 TV series)">Time</a></i>, where his case is used to illustrate the effect of losing one's perception of time. </p><p>His story was also told in episode No. 304 – 'Memory and Forgetting' on the show <i>Radio Lab</i> on New York Public Radio, <a href="/wiki/WNYC" title="WNYC">WNYC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He appears in <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a>'s holiday lectures on the <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hughes_Medical_Institute" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute">Howard Hughes Medical Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sacks wrote about Wearing himself in a chapter in his 2007 book, <i><a href="/wiki/Musicophilia:_Tales_of_Music_and_the_Brain" class="mw-redirect" title="Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain">Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain</a></i>, and an article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> titled "The Abyss".<sup id="cite_ref-abyss_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abyss-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sam_Kean" title="Sam Kean">Sam Kean</a> also discussed Wearing's life in the twelfth chapter of his 2014 book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Dueling_Neurosurgeons" title="The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons">The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-dueling_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dueling-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wearing's story was also featured on an episode of the <a href="/wiki/TLC_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="TLC (TV channel)">TLC</a> series <i>Medical Incredible</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clive_Wearing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_neurological_trauma/damage_cases"><span id="Other_neurological_trauma.2Fdamage_cases"></span>Other neurological trauma/damage cases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clive_Wearing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other neurological trauma/damage cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Molaison" title="Henry Molaison">Henry Molaison (Patient H.M.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Gage" title="Phineas Gage">Phineas Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Cochrane" title="Kent Cochrane">Kent Cochrane (Patient K.C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Bolzan" title="Scott Bolzan">Scott Bolzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.M._(patient)" title="S.M. (patient)">S.M. (patient)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_areas">Other areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clive_Wearing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterograde_amnesia" title="Anterograde amnesia">Anterograde amnesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_neuropsychology" title="Cognitive neuropsychology">Cognitive neuropsychology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clive_Wearing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWearing2005" class="citation news cs1">Wearing, Deborah (12 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205103853/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/3313452/The-man-who-keeps-falling-in-love-with-his-wife.html">"The man who keeps falling in love with his wife"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/3313452/The-man-who-keeps-falling-in-love-with-his-wife.html">the original</a> on 5 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+man+who+keeps+falling+in+love+with+his+wife&rft.date=2005-01-12&rft.aulast=Wearing&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fhealth%2F3313452%2FThe-man-who-keeps-falling-in-love-with-his-wife.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClive+Wearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110316092305/http://www.learner.org/vod/vod_window.html?pid=1618">"Video on Demand – The Mind: Teaching Modules – Clive Wearing, Part 2: Living Without Memory"</a>. <i>Annenberg Learner</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learner.org/vod/vod_window.html?pid=1618">the original</a> on 16 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Annenberg+Learner&rft.atitle=Video+on+Demand+%E2%80%93+The+Mind%3A+Teaching+Modules+%E2%80%93+Clive+Wearing%2C+Part+2%3A+Living+Without+Memory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.learner.org%2Fvod%2Fvod_window.html%3Fpid%3D1618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClive+Wearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BBC</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWearing1990" class="citation web cs1">Wearing, Clive (13 January 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diariesofnote.com/2024/01/08/i-wake-for-the-first-time/">"Diary entry"</a>. Diaries of Note (published 8 January 2024)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diary+entry&rft.pub=Diaries+of+Note&rft.date=1990-01-13&rft.aulast=Wearing&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiariesofnote.com%2F2024%2F01%2F08%2Fi-wake-for-the-first-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClive+Wearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-video-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-video_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Mind</i>, BBC series, Part 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-video2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-video2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Mind</i>, BBC series, Part 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abyss-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abyss_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abyss_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSacks2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Sacks, Oliver (17 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/09/24/the-abyss">"The Abyss"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Abyss&rft.date=2007-09-17&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Sacks&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2007%2F09%2F24%2Fthe-abyss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClive+Wearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sevensecond-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sevensecond_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Jane Treays (director) (19 September 2005). <i>The Man with the 7 Second Memory</i> (Television documentary). ITV.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Man+with+the+7+Second+Memory&rft.pub=ITV&rft.date=2005-09-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClive+Wearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWearing2006" class="citation book cs1">Wearing, Deborah (2006). <i>Forever Today: A Memoir of Love and Amnesia (Paperback)</i> (Updated ed.). Corgi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-552-77169-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-552-77169-4"><bdi>0-552-77169-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forever+Today%3A+A+Memoir+of+Love+and+Amnesia+%28Paperback%29&rft.edition=Updated&rft.pub=Corgi&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-552-77169-4&rft.aulast=Wearing&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClive+Wearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1988" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, George (2 October 1988). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/02/arts/television-closing-the-gap-between-the-brain-and-the-mind.html">"TELEVISION; Closing the Gap Between the Brain and the Mind"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=TELEVISION%3B+Closing+the+Gap+Between+the+Brain+and+the+Mind&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1988-10-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F10%2F02%2Farts%2Ftelevision-closing-the-gap-between-the-brain-and-the-mind.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClive+Wearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiolab.org">"Radiolab | WNYC Studios | Podcasts"</a>. <i>wnycstudios</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wnycstudios&rft.atitle=Radiolab+%7C+WNYC+Studios+%7C+Podcasts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiolab.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClive+Wearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130624074247/http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/neuroscience/lectures.html">"Neuroscience | HHMI BioInteractive"</a>. <i>www.hhmi.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/neuroscience/lectures.html">the original</a> on 24 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hhmi.org&rft.atitle=Neuroscience+%7C+HHMI+BioInteractive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hhmi.org%2Fbiointeractive%2Fneuroscience%2Flectures.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClive+Wearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dueling-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dueling_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacGowan2014" class="citation news cs1">MacGowan, James (27 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/2014/05/27/the_tale_of_the_dueling_neurosurgeons_by_sam_kean_review.html">"The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons by Sam Kean: review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=The+Tale+of+the+Dueling+Neurosurgeons+by+Sam+Kean%3A+review&rft.date=2014-05-27&rft.aulast=MacGowan&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2F2014%2F05%2F27%2Fthe_tale_of_the_dueling_neurosurgeons_by_sam_kean_review.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClive+Wearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clive_Wearing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observer.guardian.co.uk/magazine/story/0,11913,1394684,00.html">Article in <i>The Observer</i> magazine on Clive Wearing, January 2005</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/09/24/070924fa_fact_sacks">Article in <i>The New Yorker</i>, September 2007</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0482648/"><i>The Man with the 7 Second Memory</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_P7Y0-wgos"><i>The Man With The Seven Second Memory (Amnesia Documentary)</i></a> on channel <i>Real Stories</i> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, posted Aug 13, 2016.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Memory" title="Template:Memory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Memory" title="Template talk:Memory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Memory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Memory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_memory430" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Human memory">Human memory</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encoding_(memory)" title="Encoding (memory)">Encoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_(memory)" title="Storage (memory)">Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recall_(memory)" title="Recall (memory)">Recall</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attention" title="Attention">Attention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_consolidation" title="Memory consolidation">Consolidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroanatomy_of_memory" title="Neuroanatomy of memory">Neuroanatomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sensory_memory" title="Sensory memory">Sensory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echoic_memory" title="Echoic memory">Echoic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidetic_memory" title="Eidetic memory">Eidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyewitness_memory" title="Eyewitness memory">Eyewitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haptic_memory" title="Haptic memory">Haptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconic_memory" title="Iconic memory">Iconic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_learning" title="Motor learning">Motor learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_memory" title="Visual memory">Visual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Short-term_memory" title="Short-term memory">Short-term</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two" title="The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two">The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_memory" title="Working memory">Working memory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Long-term_memory" title="Long-term memory">Long-term</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_recall" class="mw-redirect" title="Active recall">Active recall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobiographical_memory" title="Autobiographical memory">Autobiographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explicit_memory" title="Explicit memory">Explicit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Explicit_memory" title="Explicit memory">Declarative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episodic_memory" title="Episodic memory">Episodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_memory" title="Semantic memory">Semantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashbulb_memory" title="Flashbulb memory">Flashbulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperthymesia" title="Hyperthymesia">Hyperthymesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implicit_memory" title="Implicit memory">Implicit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meaningful_learning" title="Meaningful learning">Meaningful learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal-event_memory" title="Personal-event memory">Personal-event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedural_memory" title="Procedural memory">Procedural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rote_learning" title="Rote learning">Rote learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_retention" title="Selective retention">Selective retention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_of_the_tongue" title="Tip of the tongue">Tip of the tongue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forgetting" title="Forgetting">Forgetting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amnesia" title="Amnesia">Amnesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterograde_amnesia" title="Anterograde amnesia">anterograde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_amnesia" title="Childhood amnesia">childhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posthypnotic_amnesia" title="Posthypnotic amnesia">post-hypnotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_amnesia" title="Post-traumatic amnesia">post-traumatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissociative_amnesia" title="Dissociative amnesia">dissociative (psychogenic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrograde_amnesia" title="Retrograde amnesia">retrograde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_amnesia" title="Selective amnesia">selective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transient_global_amnesia" title="Transient global amnesia">transient global</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decay_theory" title="Decay theory">Decay theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgetting_curve" title="Forgetting curve">Forgetting curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_theory" title="Interference theory">Interference theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_erasure" title="Memory erasure">Memory erasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_inhibition" title="Memory inhibition">Memory inhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motivated_forgetting" title="Motivated forgetting">Motivated forgetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repressed_memory" title="Repressed memory">Repressed memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrieval-induced_forgetting" title="Retrieval-induced forgetting">Retrieval-induced forgetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_focus" title="Weapon focus">Weapon focus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Memory_error" title="Memory error">Memory errors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confabulation" title="Confabulation">Confabulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptomnesia" title="Cryptomnesia">Cryptomnesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindsight_bias" title="Hindsight bias">Hindsight bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagination_inflation" title="Imagination inflation">Imagination inflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memory_biases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of memory biases">Memory biases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_conformity" title="Memory conformity">Memory conformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misattribution_of_memory" title="Misattribution of memory">Misattribution of memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_effect" title="Misinformation effect">Misinformation effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source-monitoring_error" title="Source-monitoring error">Source-monitoring error</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/False_memory" title="False memory">False memory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deese%E2%80%93Roediger%E2%80%93McDermott_paradigm" title="Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm">Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_memory_syndrome" title="False memory syndrome">False memory syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_implantation" title="Memory implantation">Memory implantation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_the_mall_technique" title="Lost in the mall technique">Lost in the mall technique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovered-memory_therapy" title="Recovered-memory therapy">Recovered-memory therapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methods_used_to_study_memory" title="Methods used to study memory">Research methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exceptional_memory" title="Exceptional memory">Exceptional memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indirect_tests_of_memory" title="Indirect tests of memory">Indirect tests of memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_disorder" title="Memory disorder">Memory disorder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_memory" title="Collective memory">Collective memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_memory" title="Politics of memory">Politics of memory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_memory" title="Cultural memory">Cultural memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_and_social_interactions" title="Memory and social interactions">Memory and social interactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_conformity" title="Memory conformity">Memory conformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transactive_memory" title="Transactive memory">Transactive memory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memory_and_aging" title="Memory and aging">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_memory" title="Art of memory">Art of memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chunking_(psychology)" title="Chunking (psychology)">chunking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnemonic" title="Mnemonic">mnemonic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory" title="Effects of alcohol on memory">Effects of alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurobiological_effects_of_physical_exercise#Memory" title="Neurobiological effects of physical exercise">Effects of exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_and_memory" title="Emotion and memory">Emotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_improvement" title="Memory improvement">Memory improvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrition_and_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutrition and memory">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_and_memory" title="Sleep and memory">Sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_and_trauma" title="Memory and trauma">Trauma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memory_sport" title="Memory sport">Memory sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Memory_Championships" title="World Memory Championships">World Memory Championships</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shas_Pollak" title="Shas Pollak">Shas Pollak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absent-mindedness" title="Absent-mindedness">Absent-mindedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atkinson%E2%80%93Shiffrin_memory_model" title="Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model">Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context-dependent_memory" title="Context-dependent memory">Context-dependent</a> and <a href="/wiki/State-dependent_memory" title="State-dependent memory">state-dependent</a> memory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_memory" title="Childhood memory">Childhood memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exosomatic_memory" title="Exosomatic memory">Exosomatic memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_recall" title="Free recall">Free recall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate-term_memory" title="Intermediate-term memory">Intermediate-term memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_memory" title="Involuntary memory">Involuntary memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flashback_(psychology)" title="Flashback (psychology)">flashbacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levels_of_Processing_model" title="Levels of Processing model">Levels of Processing model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamemory" title="Metamemory">Metamemory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_memory" title="Muscle memory">Muscle memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priming_(psychology)" title="Priming (psychology)">Priming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intertrial_priming" title="Intertrial priming">intertrial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospective_memory" title="Prospective memory">Prospective</a> and <a href="/wiki/Retrospective_memory" title="Retrospective memory">retrospective</a> memory</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Sins_of_Memory" title="The Seven Sins of Memory">The Seven Sins of Memory</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Researchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Atkinson" title="Richard C. Atkinson">Richard C. Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Bjork" title="Robert A. Bjork">Robert A. Bjork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Ceci" title="Stephen J. Ceci">Stephen J. Ceci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Clancy" title="Susan Clancy">Susan Clancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Ebbinghaus" title="Hermann Ebbinghaus">Hermann Ebbinghaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Goldman-Rakic" title="Patricia Goldman-Rakic">Patricia Goldman-Rakic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Izquierdo" title="Ivan Izquierdo">Ivan Izquierdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_K._Johnson" title="Marcia K. Johnson">Marcia K. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Loftus" title="Elizabeth Loftus">Elizabeth Loftus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Loftus" title="Geoffrey Loftus">Geoffrey Loftus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McGaugh" title="James McGaugh">James McGaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Maguire" title="Eleanor Maguire">Eleanor Maguire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller">George Armitage Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Milner" title="Brenda Milner">Brenda Milner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Nadel" title="Lynn Nadel">Lynn Nadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Roediger_III" title="Henry L. Roediger III">Henry L. Roediger III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Schacter" title="Daniel Schacter">Daniel Schacter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Shiffrin" title="Richard Shiffrin">Richard Shiffrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Shimamura" title="Arthur P. Shimamura">Arthur P. Shimamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Squire" title="Larry Squire">Larry Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Susumu Tonegawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endel_Tulving" title="Endel Tulving">Endel Tulving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stickgold" title="Robert Stickgold">Robert Stickgold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Patients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Molaison" title="Henry Molaison">HM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Cochrane" title="Kent Cochrane">KC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_N.A." title="Patient N.A.">NA</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clive Wearing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hancock" title="Jonathan Hancock">Jonathan Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_R._McHugh" title="Paul R. McHugh">Paul R. 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