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class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Caracteristici fizice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caracteristici_fizice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traiectorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traiectorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Traiectorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traiectorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Observare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Observare</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Observare-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Observare subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Observare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Descoperire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descoperire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Descoperire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descoperire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019–2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019–2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2019–2020</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019–2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referințe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referințe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referințe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referințe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">2I/Borisov</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Disponibil în 32 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%D8%A2%D9%8A/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81" title="2آي/بوريسوف – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="2آي/بوريسوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="2I/Борисов – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="2I/Борисов" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borissov" title="2I/Borissov – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="2I/Borissov" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%91" title="שביט בוריסוב – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שביט בוריסוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F_(2I/Borisov)" title="ボリソフ彗星 (2I/Borisov) – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボリソフ彗星 (2I/Borisov)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/%EB%B3%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%86%8C%ED%94%84" title="2I/보리소프 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2I/보리소프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF/2019_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%824_(%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D)" title="സി/2019 ക്യൂ4 (ബോറിസോവ്) – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സി/2019 ക്യൂ4 (ബോറിസോവ്)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="2I/Борисова – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="2I/Борисова" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Міжзоряна комета Борисова – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міжзоряна комета Борисова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="2I/Borisov" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2I/%E9%AE%91%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%A2%E5%A4%AB%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F" title="2I/鮑里索夫彗星 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="2I/鮑里索夫彗星" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q67328765#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet stea" style="background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;text-align: center; font-size: 130%; background-color:#FFFFC0; padding: 4px; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;">2I/Borisov</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Comet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Comet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016_%28cropped%29.png/300px-Comet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Comet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016_%28cropped%29.png/450px-Comet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Comet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016_%28cropped%29.png/600px-Comet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="803" data-file-height="602" /></a></span><br /><div style="margin-top: 3px"></div><span style="line-height:1.2em;">Borisov în octombrie 2019<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;;">Tip</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20717849" class="extiw" title="d:Q20717849"><span lang="en">hyperbolic comet</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">hyperbolic comet</span> (type of non-periodic comet)|]]</span><sup id="cite_ref-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67328765#P31" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;background-color:#FFFFC0">Descoperire</th></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;;">Descoperită de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gennadi_Borisov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gennadi Borisov — pagină inexistentă">Gennadi Borisov</a></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;;">Data descoperirii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">30 august 2019<br /><a href="/wiki/Predescoperire" class="mw-redirect" title="Predescoperire">predescoperire</a>:<br />13 decembrie 2018</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;background-color:#FFFFC0">Caracteristici ale orbitei</th></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/Epoc%C4%83_(astronomie)" title="Epocă (astronomie)">Epoca</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">5 ianuarie 2020<sup id="cite_ref-JPL-Data_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-Data-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" class="mw-redirect" title="Apsis">Afeliu</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67328765#P2243" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" class="mw-redirect" title="Apsis">Periheliu</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2,0126273 UAi<sup id="cite_ref-ce9148006a5bfab4a389763378836047_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce9148006a5bfab4a389763378836047-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><br />2,0065818938404 UAi<sup id="cite_ref-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67328765#P2244" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/Argumentul_periastrului" title="Argumentul periastrului">Argumentul periastrului</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">209,12367864 grade sexagesimalei<sup id="cite_ref-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67328765#P2248" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/Axa_semi-major%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Axa semi-majoră">Axa semi-majoră</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">3000148680000000000♠</span>−0.851<span style="margin-left:.25em;">32</span><span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.000<span style="margin-left:.25em;">07</span> ua</span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/Excentricitate_orbital%C4%83" title="Excentricitate orbitală">Excentricitate</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">3,3835756<sup id="cite_ref-ce9148006a5bfab4a389763378836047_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce9148006a5bfab4a389763378836047-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><br />3,155<sup id="cite_ref-7c14667dbef11ce58c3b345a424609a6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7c14667dbef11ce58c3b345a424609a6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><br />3,3562151014346<sup id="cite_ref-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67328765#P1096" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/Perioada_orbital%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Perioada orbitală">Perioada orbitală</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67328765#P2146" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enclina%C8%9Bie_orbital%C4%83" title="Înclinație orbitală">Înclinație</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">44,052570686474 de grade sexagesimalei<sup id="cite_ref-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67328765#P2045" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;;">Ultimul periheliu</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">8 decembrie 2019<sup id="cite_ref-JPL-Data_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-Data-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPC-DB_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-DB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gray234_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray234-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##F5F5DC solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Comet%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>2I/Borisov</b>, numită inițial <b>C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen2019_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPEC2019-S72_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC2019-S72-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> este prima <a href="/wiki/Comet%C4%83_interstelar%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Cometă interstelară">cometă interstelară</a> observată și al doilea obiect interstelar observat după <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻOumuamua">ʻOumuamua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EA-20191014_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-20191014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grossman2019_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossman2019-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2I/Borisov are o <a href="/wiki/Excentricitate_orbital%C4%83" title="Excentricitate orbitală">excentricitate orbitală</a> heliocentrică de 3,36 și nu este asociat gravitațional de Soare.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20191224_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20191224-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cometa a trecut prin ecliptica Sistemului Solar la sfârșitul lunii octombrie 2019 și cea mai mare apropiere de Soare a avut loc la 8 decembrie 2019, la o distanță de peste 2 <a href="/wiki/Unitate_astronomic%C4%83" title="Unitate astronomică">AU</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JPL-Data_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-Data-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20191207a_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20191207a-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20191207b_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20191207b-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În noiembrie 2019 astronomii de la Universitatea Yale au declarat că 2I/Borisov (inclusiv coama și coada) era de 14 ori mai mare decât dimensiunea Pământului și au specificat: „Este umilitor să realizează cât de mic este Pământul pe lângă acest vizitator dintr-un alt sistem solar”.<sup id="cite_ref-YALE-20191126_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YALE-20191126-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La mijlocul lunii martie 2020 s-a observat fragmentarea cometei;<sup id="cite_ref-AT-20200312_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AT-20200312-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mai târziu, în aprilie, au fost raportate și mai multe dovezi de fragmentare.<sup id="cite_ref-AT-20200402_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AT-20200402-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AT-20200403_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AT-20200403-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20200407_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20200407-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclator">Nomenclator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Nomenclator" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Nomenclator"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cometa este denumită în mod oficial „2I/Borisov” de către <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_Astronomic%C4%83_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83" title="Uniunea Astronomică Internațională">Uniunea Astronomică Internațională</a> (IAU), „2I” sau „2I/2019 Q4” fiind denumirea oficială, iar „Borisov” fiind numele său; uneori este denumită „Cometa Borisov”, mai ales în presa populară.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fiind al doilea obiect interstelar observat după <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻOumuamua">1I/ʻOumuamua</a>, a primit denumirea „2I“, unde „I“ vine de la interstelar.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen2019_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPEC2019-S72_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC2019-S72-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numele Borisov urmează tradiția numirii cometelor după descoperitorii lor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caracteristici">Caracteristici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Caracteristici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Caracteristici"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caracteristici_fizice">Caracteristici fizice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Caracteristici fizice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Caracteristici fizice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Comet_2I_Borisov_at_Perihelion_in_December_2019.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Comet_2I_Borisov_at_Perihelion_in_December_2019.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Comet_2I_Borisov_at_Perihelion_in_December_2019.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Comet_2I_Borisov_at_Perihelion_in_December_2019.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Comet_2I_Borisov_at_Perihelion_in_December_2019.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Comet_2I_Borisov_at_Perihelion_in_December_2019.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Comet_2I_Borisov_at_Perihelion_in_December_2019.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1826" data-file-height="1666" /></a><figcaption>În această observație, <a href="/wiki/Telescopul_Spa%C8%9Bial_Hubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Telescopul Spațial Hubble">Telescopul Spațial Hubble</a> al <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>/<a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a> a revizuit cometa la scurt timp după cea mai mare apropiere de Soare în decembrie 2019.</figcaption></figure> <p>Spre deosebire de ʻOumuamua, care avea un aspect asteroidal, nucleul lui 2I/Borisov este înconjurat de o coamă, un nor de praf și gaze.<sup id="cite_ref-Greskno2019_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greskno2019-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dave Jewitt și Jane Luu estimează din dimensiunea comei sale că 2I/Borisov produce 2 kg/s de praf și pierde 60 kg/s de apă. Ei extrapolează faptul că a devenit activă în iunie 2019, când se afla la 4-5 AU de la Soare.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewitt2019b_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewitt2019b-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În imaginile arhivate s-au găsit observații <a href="/wiki/Predescoperire" class="mw-redirect" title="Predescoperire">predescoperire</a> a 2I/Borisov încă din 13 decembrie 2018; faptul că la 21 noiembrie 2018 nu s-au găsit informații indică că ea a devenit activă între aceste date.<sup id="cite_ref-Ye_etal_precovery_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ye_etal_precovery-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="1665" /></a><figcaption>Cometa 2I/Borisov și o galaxie îndepărtată (2MASX J10500165-0152029<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) în noiembrie 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Nucleul cometei fiind ascuns de coamă, sunt disponibile doar estimări în stare brută ale mărimii sale. O estimare inițială a diametrului nucleului cometei 2I/Borisov care variază de la 2 până la 16 km, a fost făcut de Karen Meech și echipa ei de la Universitatea din Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-Initial_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-Initial-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guzik și colab. au estimat o dimensiune de cca 2 km, presupunând un <a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">albedo</a> de 0,04 și că 30% din suprafață era activă.<sup id="cite_ref-Guzik2019_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guzik2019-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siraj și Loeb au susținut că nucleul este probabil mic, de ordinul 1 km, pe baza distribuților de mărime preconizate ale cometelor și masa cometelor ejectate pe stea.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraj2019_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraj2019-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Folosind rata de producție de cianură și presupunând că fracțiunea suprafeței sale active este mai mare de 4%, Fitzsimmons și colab. au estimat că nucleul este cuprins între 1,4 și 6,6 km în diametru.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitzsimmons2019_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitzsimmons2019-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cometa s-a apropiat la cel mult 300 de milioane de km de <a href="/wiki/Terra" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra">Terra</a>, dincolo de orbita planetei <a href="/wiki/Planeta_Marte" class="mw-redirect" title="Planeta Marte">Marte</a>, ceea ce a împiedicat utilizarea radarului pentru a determina direct dimensiunea și forma sa. Acest lucru s-ar putea face folosind ocultarea unei stele de către 2I/Borisov, dar o ocultare ar fi greu de prevăzut, necesitând o determinare precisă a orbitei sale, iar detectarea ar necesita o rețea de telescoape mici.<sup id="cite_ref-Bamberger2019_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bamberger2019-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Compoziția 2I/Borisov pare neobișnuită, nevăzută încă la cometele sistemului solar, fiind relativ epuizată în carbon diatomic (C<sub>2</sub>) și îmbogățită în amine (NH<sub>2</sub>). </p><p>Un spectru preliminar (de rezoluție scăzută) vizibil la 2I/Borisov a fost similar cu cometele tipice <a href="/wiki/Norul_Oort" class="mw-redirect" title="Norul Oort">Norului Oort</a>..<sup id="cite_ref-IAC_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAC-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deLeón2019_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deLeón2019-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indicii săi de culoare seamănă cu cometele cu perioadă lungă ale Sistemului Solar.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewitt2019b_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewitt2019b-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emisiile la 388 nm a indicat prezența cianurii (CN), care este de obicei prima detectată în cometele sistemului solar, inclusiv la <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Halley" title="Cometa Halley">cometa Halley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitzsimmons2019_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitzsimmons2019-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceasta a fost prima detectare a emisiilor de gaze de la un obiect interstelar.<sup id="cite_ref-CBAT4670_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBAT4670-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ne-detectarea carbonului diatomic a fost de asemenea raportată în octombrie 2019, raportul C<sub>2</sub> la CN fiind ori mai mic de 0,095<sup id="cite_ref-Kareta2019_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kareta2019-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ori de 0,3.<sup id="cite_ref-Opitom2019_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opitom2019-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carbonul diatomic a fost detectat în mod pozitiv în noiembrie 2019, raportul C<sub>2</sub> la CN fiind de 0,2±0,1.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceasta seamănă cu un grup de comete epuizate în lanț de carbon, majoritatea fiind comete din familia Jupiter.<sup id="cite_ref-Kareta2019_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kareta2019-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Până la sfârșitul lunii noiembrie 2019, producția de C<sub>2</sub> a crescut dramtic, iar raportul C<sub>2</sub> la CN a ajuns la 0,61 împreună cu apariția de benzi de amine luminoase (NH<sub>2</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un studiu folosind observații de la Hubble nu a putut găsi o variație în curba luminii. Conform acestui studiu, perioada de rotație trebuie să fi fost mai mare de 10 ore.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cometa va ajunge la aproximativ 2 au de Soare, o distanță la care cele mai multe comete mici s-au dezintegrat. Probabilitatea ca o cometă să se dezintegreze depinde puternic de mărimea nucleului său; Guzik și colab. au estimat o probabilitate de 10% ca acest lucru să se întâmple cu 2I/Borisov.<sup id="cite_ref-Guzik2019_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guzik2019-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jewitt și Luu au comparat 2I/Borisov cu C/2019 J2, o altă cometă de dimensiuni similare care s-a dezintegrat în mai 2019, la o distanță de 1,9 au față de Soare.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewitt2019a_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewitt2019a-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jewitt2019b_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewitt2019b-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dacă 2I/Borisov se dezintegrează, este posibil să lase în urmă o rămășiță inactivă, similară cu 'Oumuamua.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewitt2019b_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewitt2019b-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traiectorie">Traiectorie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Traiectorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Traiectorie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sky_plot_13.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sky_plot_13.png/220px-Sky_plot_13.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sky_plot_13.png/330px-Sky_plot_13.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sky_plot_13.png/440px-Sky_plot_13.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>Traiectorie în cooordinate cilindrice, cu o poziție de descoperire la 30 august 2019, împreună cu poziții de <a href="/wiki/Predescoperire" class="mw-redirect" title="Predescoperire">predescoperire</a> marcate la 13 decembrie 2018, care ajută la restrângerea traiectoriei de intrare</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center; font-size:0.9em;"> <caption>Viteză interstelară de intrare <span style="white-space:nowrap;">(<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26145027656115364f96e031bca0c0c11022986e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.003ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}"></span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Obiect</th> <th>Viteză </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1I/2017_U1_(%CA%BBOumuamua)" class="mw-redirect" title="1I/2017 U1 (ʻOumuamua)">1I/2017 U1 (ʻOumuamua)</a></td> <td>26,33km/s<br />5,55 au/an<sup id="cite_ref-ProjectPluto_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProjectPluto-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2I/2019 Q4 (Borisov)</b></td> <td>32,2 km/s<br />6,79 au/an<sup id="cite_ref-Gray-FAQ_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-FAQ-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Văzută de pe Pământ, cometa a fost pe cerul nordic, din septembrie până la mijlocul lunii noiembrie. A traversat planul ecliptic la 26 octombrie în apropierea stelei <a href="/wiki/Regulus" title="Regulus">Regulus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> iar ecuatorul celest la 13 noiembrie 2019, intrând pe cerul sudic. La 8 decembrie 2019, cometa a ajuns la periheliu (cea mai mare apropiere de Soare)<sup id="cite_ref-JPL-Data_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-Data-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și aproape de marginea interioară a centurii de asteroizi.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La sfârșitul lunii decembrie, a făcut cea mai apropiată abordare a Pământului,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20191207a_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20191207a-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20191207b_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20191207b-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> la 1,9 au și a avut o alungire solară de aproximativ 80°.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray234_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray234-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Datorită înclinării orbitale de 44°, 2I/Borisov nu face nici o abordare apropiată notabilă a planetelor.<sup id="cite_ref-JPL-Data_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-Data-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2I/Borisov a intrat în Sistemul Solar din direcția <a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Cassiopeia (constelație)">Cassiopeia</a>, lângă granița cu <a href="/wiki/Perseu_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Perseu (constelație)">Perseu</a>. Această direcție indică faptul că provine din planul galactic, mai degrabă decât din halou galactic.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray-FAQ_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-FAQ-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cometa va părăsit Sistemul Solar în direcția <a href="/wiki/Telescopul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Telescopul (constelație)">Telescopul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray-FAQ_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-FAQ-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În spațiul interstelar, 2I/Borisov are nevoie de aproximativ 9.000 de ani pentru a călători un <a href="/wiki/An_lumin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="An lumină">an lumină</a> în raport cu Soarele.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traiectoria lui 2I/Borisov este extrem de hiperbolică (cât de deformată este orbita față de un cerc perfect), având o <a href="/wiki/Excentricitate_orbital%C4%83" title="Excentricitate orbitală">excentricitate orbitală</a> de 3,36.<sup id="cite_ref-JPL-Data_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-Data-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPC-DB_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-DB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gray234_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray234-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O orbită perfect circulară are excentricitatea 0, iar orice corp cu o excentricitate orbitală mai mică decât 1 se află în orbită eliptică în jurul unei stele sau alt obiect masiv (de ex. Pământul are o excentricitate de 0,0167). Excentricitatea orbitei cometei 2I/Borisov este mult mai mare decât a celor peste 300 de comete slab hiperbolice cunoscute, cu excentricități heliocentrice puțin peste 1, și chiar ʻOumuamua cu o excentricitate de 1,2.<sup id="cite_ref-JPL-Hyperbolic_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-Hyperbolic-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2I/Borisov are, de asemenea, o viteză excesivă hiperbolică <span style="white-space:nowrap;">(<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26145027656115364f96e031bca0c0c11022986e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.003ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}"></span>)</span> de 32km/s, mult mai mare decât ceea ce ar putea fi explicat prin perturbații.<sup id="cite_ref-Siegel2017_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siegel2017-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acești doi parametri sunt indicatori importanți ai originii interstelare a 2I/Borisov.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray-FAQ_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-FAQ-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Atel13100_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atel13100-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pentru comparație, nava spațială <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i>, care a părăsit Sistemul Solar, se deplasează cu 16,9 km/s (3,57 au/an).<sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voyager-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2I/Borisov are o excentricitate mult mai mare decât ʻOumuamua datorită vitezei sale în exces și a distanței semnificativ mai mari a perihelionului. La această distanță mare, gravitația Soarelui este mai puțin capabilă să îi modifice drumul pe măsură ce trece prin Sistemul Solar.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray-FAQ_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-FAQ-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:905px;max-width:905px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent">2I/Borisov — diagrame orbitale</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:283px;max-width:283px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:A_comparison_of_two_interstellar_objects_passing_through_our_solar_system.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/A_comparison_of_two_interstellar_objects_passing_through_our_solar_system.gif/281px-A_comparison_of_two_interstellar_objects_passing_through_our_solar_system.gif" decoding="async" width="281" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/A_comparison_of_two_interstellar_objects_passing_through_our_solar_system.gif/422px-A_comparison_of_two_interstellar_objects_passing_through_our_solar_system.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/A_comparison_of_two_interstellar_objects_passing_through_our_solar_system.gif/562px-A_comparison_of_two_interstellar_objects_passing_through_our_solar_system.gif 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="619" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Traiectoria lui Borisov (galben) pe măsură ce traversează planul ecliptic; Traiectoria lui 'Oumuamua (roșu) este prezentată pentru comparație</div></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:239px;max-width:239px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Interstellar_visitors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Interstellar_visitors.jpg/237px-Interstellar_visitors.jpg" decoding="async" width="237" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Interstellar_visitors.jpg/356px-Interstellar_visitors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Interstellar_visitors.jpg/474px-Interstellar_visitors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1079" data-file-height="962" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Detaliu: Borisov se apropie de planul ecliptic dintre orbitele lui Jupiter (roz) și Marte (portocaliu)</div></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:377px;max-width:377px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Comet-2I-Borisov-Orbit-JPL.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Comet-2I-Borisov-Orbit-JPL.png/375px-Comet-2I-Borisov-Orbit-JPL.png" decoding="async" width="375" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Comet-2I-Borisov-Orbit-JPL.png/563px-Comet-2I-Borisov-Orbit-JPL.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Comet-2I-Borisov-Orbit-JPL.png/750px-Comet-2I-Borisov-Orbit-JPL.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Traiectoria și poziția lui Borisov (alb) începând cu 13 octombrie 2019 (vedere de sus)</div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observare">Observare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Observare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Observare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descoperire">Descoperire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Descoperire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Descoperire"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:2I_Borisov_Hubble_Ie6k01u7q_flc.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/2I_Borisov_Hubble_Ie6k01u7q_flc.tif/lossy-page1-220px-2I_Borisov_Hubble_Ie6k01u7q_flc.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/2I_Borisov_Hubble_Ie6k01u7q_flc.tif/lossy-page1-330px-2I_Borisov_Hubble_Ie6k01u7q_flc.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/2I_Borisov_Hubble_Ie6k01u7q_flc.tif/lossy-page1-440px-2I_Borisov_Hubble_Ie6k01u7q_flc.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="2050" /></a><figcaption>Cometa 2I/Borisov fotografiată de <a href="/wiki/Telescopul_spa%C8%9Bial_Hubble" title="Telescopul spațial Hubble">Telescopul spațial Hubble</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cometa a fost descoperită la 30 august 2019 de astronomul amator ucrainian Gennadi Borisov la observatorul său personal MARGO din Nauchnyy, Crimeea, folosind un telescop de 0,65 metri pe care l-a proiectat și construit singur.<sup id="cite_ref-S&T2019_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S&T2019-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Descoperirea a fost comparată cu descoperirea lui <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluto (planetă pitică)">Pluto</a> de către Clyde Tombaugh.<sup id="cite_ref-Fontanka_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontanka-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tombaugh a fost, de asemenea, un astronom amator, care și-a construit propriile telescoape, deși el a descoperit Pluto folosind astrograful de la Observatorul Lowell. În momentul descoperirii, cometa se afla la 3 au de Soare, 3,7 au de Pământ și avea o alungire solară de 38°.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray-prec_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-prec-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originea interstelară a lui 2I/Borisov a necesitat confirmarea timp de câteva săptămâni. Soluțiile orbitale timpurii bazate pe observații inițiale includeau posibilitatea ca 2I/Borisov să fie un obiect din apropierea Pământului, la aproape 1,4 au de Soare într-o orbită eliptică cu o perioadă orbitală mai mică de 1 an.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray-NEO_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-NEO-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ulterior, folosind 151 de observații de-a lungul a peste 12 de zile, sistemul de monitorizare Sentry de la <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> a dat un interval de excentricitate de 2,9-4,5.<sup id="cite_ref-Scout_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scout-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Însă, cu un arc de observare de numai 12 zile, exista încă îndoiala dacă era interstelar, deoarece observațiile se aflau la o alungire solară scăzută, ceea ce ar putea induce prejudecăți în date precum refracția diferențială. În cele din urmă, după mai multe observații, orbita s-a restrâns la soluția hiperbolică care a indicat o origine interstelară.<sup id="cite_ref-MPECK19RA6_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPECK19RA6-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019–2020"><span id="2019.E2.80.932020"></span>2019–2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: 2019–2020" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: 2019–2020"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Video-NASA-InterstellarComet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016.webm/220px--Video-NASA-InterstellarComet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="103" data-mwtitle="Video-NASA-InterstellarComet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Video-NASA-InterstellarComet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/Video-NASA-InterstellarComet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016.webm/Video-NASA-InterstellarComet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/Video-NASA-InterstellarComet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016.webm/Video-NASA-InterstellarComet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Video-NASA-InterstellarComet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, opus"" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/Video-NASA-InterstellarComet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016.webm/Video-NASA-InterstellarComet-2IBorisov-HubbleST-20191016.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption><i>Hubble</i> a început observațiile asupra 2I/Borisov în octombrie 2019, cu două luni înainte de cea mai mare apropiere a cometei de Soare.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cu excepția cazului în care cometa se dezintegrează în mod neașteptat, aceasta ar trebui să fie observată până cel puțin în septembrie 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-MPECK19RA6_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPECK19RA6-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Observarea lui 2I/Borisov este ajută de faptul că ea a fost detectată în timp ce a intrat în Sistemul Solar. ʻOumuamua a fost descoperită pe măsură ce părăsea sistemul și, astfel, nu a putut fi observat decât timp de 80 de zile înainte de a ieși din raza de acțiune. Datorită faptului că cea mai mare apropiere s-a produs în apropierea sărbătorilor tradiționale de sfârșit de an și a capacității de a avea observații extinse, unii astronomi au numit-o 2I/Borisov o „cometă de Crăciun”.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20191224_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20191224-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20191001_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20191001-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Observațiile care folosesc <a href="/wiki/Telescopul_spa%C8%9Bial_Hubble" title="Telescopul spațial Hubble">Telescopul spațial Hubble</a> au început la 12 octombrie, când cometa s-a deplasat suficient de departe de Soare pentru a fi observată în siguranță de telescop.<sup id="cite_ref-Hubble100719_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubble100719-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hubble este mai puțin afectat de efectele confuze ale coamei decât telescoapele la sol, ceea ce îi permite să studieze curbura traiectoriei luminii a nucleului 2I/Borisov. Acest lucru ar trebui să faciliteze o estimare a mărimii și formei sale. Observațiile vor servi drept bază pentru posibile observații suplimentare, întrucât cometa se apropie de perihelion și apoi părăsește Sistemul Solar. În cazul în care nucleul se dezintegrează, așa cum se vede uneori la cometele mici, Hubble poate fi utilizat pentru a studia evoluția procesului de dezintegrare.<sup id="cite_ref-STScI-16009_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STScI-16009-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jewitt2019b_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewitt2019b-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La 12 martie 2020, astronomii au raportat dovezi observaționale ale „fragmentării în curs a nucleului” cometei.<sup id="cite_ref-AT-20200312_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AT-20200312-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><small> </small></p><small><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">A photograph of Borisov's dust trail taken on 12 October 2019 with the UVIS F350LP channel of Wide Field Camera 3 aboard the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hubblesite-1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hubblesite-1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hubblesite-2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hubblesite-2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of this photograph, Borisov was 418.000.000 kilometri (260.000.000 mi) from Earth, similar to the average distance of the <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83)" title="Ceres (planetă pitică)">asteroid Ceres</a> from the Sun, and traveling at a velocity of 177,000 kilometres per hour (109,983 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-hubblesite-2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hubblesite-2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Objects with eccentricities greater than 1 will have a negative semimajor axis, giving them a positive orbital energy – the smaller the perihelion distance, and the larger above 1 the eccentricity is, the closer to 0 the semimajor axis value will be.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Aceasta este a opta cometă descoperită de Gennadi Borisov și, prin urmare, termenul ambiguu „Cometa Borisov” nu este folosit formal aici.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Pentru obiectele legate gravitațional de Soare, viteza când se apropie de echivalentul unei distanțe infinite de Soare ar trebui să fie mai mică de câțiva kilometri pe secundă. La cea mai îndepărtată distanță de Soare, cometa Halley se mișcă ≈1 km/s față de Soare.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">2I/Borisov va ajunge la perihelion în afara orbitei Marte la o distanță de 2,01 au, care se află chiar în interiorul golului Kirkwood situat la 2,06 au.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Viteza_luminii" title="Viteza luminii"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7008299792458000000♠</span>299<span style="margin-left:.25em;">792</span>.458 km/s</span></a> / 32.2 km/s = 9310 de ori mai lent decât lumina.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">O cometă cu o traiectorie parabolică (cu o excentricitate de 1) ar părăsi Sistemul Solar în direcția în care a intrat, având drumul modificat cu 180°. 2I/Borisov, cu excentricitatea sa mai mare, are o traiectorie mai deschisă și își va modifica drumul cu doar 34° la trecerea prin Sistemul Solar.</span> </li> </ol></div></small><small></small><p><small></small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe"><span id="Referin.C8.9Be"></span>Referințe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Referințe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><small> </small></p><small><div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hubblesite-1-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hubblesite-1_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>; <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_C._Jewitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David C. Jewitt — pagină inexistentă">Jewitt, David</a> (<time datetime="2019-10-16">16 octombrie 2019</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191017024234/https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2019/53/4579-Image?news=true">„Comet 2I/Borisov Compass Image”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubblesite</a></i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2019/53/4579-Image?news=true">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-10-17">17 octombrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-10-17">17 octombrie 2019</time></span>. <q>C/2019 Q4 (Borisov); HST WFC3/UVIS F350LP; Oct. 12, 2019</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hubblesite&rft.atitle=Comet+2I%2FBorisov+Compass+Image&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft.au=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration&rft.au=European+Space+Agency&rft.au=Jewitt%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhubblesite.org%2Fcontents%2Fmedia%2Fimages%2F2019%2F53%2F4579-Image%3Fnews%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hubblesite-2-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hubblesite-2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hubblesite-2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>; <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_C._Jewitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David C. Jewitt — pagină inexistentă">Jewitt, David</a> (<time datetime="2019-10-16">16 octombrie 2019</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191017024151/https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2019/news-2019-53">„Hubble Observes First Confirmed Interstellar Comet”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubblesite</a></i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2019/news-2019-53">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-10-17">17 octombrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-10-17">17 octombrie 2019</time></span>. <q>Hubble took a series of snapshots as the comet streaked along at 110,000 miles per hour. [...] The comet was 260 million miles from Earth when Hubble took the photo. [...] This Hubble image, taken on October 12, 2019 [...] reveals a central concentration of dust around the nucleus (which is too small to be seen by Hubble).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hubblesite&rft.atitle=Hubble+Observes+First+Confirmed+Interstellar+Comet&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft.au=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration&rft.au=European+Space+Agency&rft.au=Jewitt%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhubblesite.org%2Fcontents%2Fnews-releases%2F2019%2Fnews-2019-53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a984f28b2504563a0cd7672db6536c32_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=1003639"><i>JPL Small-Body Database</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2023-11-21">21 noiembrie 2023</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JPL+Small-Body+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Ftools%2Fsbdb_lookup.html%23%2F%3Fsstr%3D1003639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPL-Data-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JPL-Data_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL-Data_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL-Data_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL-Data_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL-Data_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL-Data_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191126223110/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2I">„JPL Small-Body Database Browser: C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)”</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2I">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-11-26">26 noiembrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2020-01-26">26 ianuarie 2020</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JPL+Small-Body+Database+Browser%3A+C%2F2019+Q4+%28Borisov%29&rft.pub=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fsbdb.cgi%3Fsstr%3D2I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ce9148006a5bfab4a389763378836047-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ce9148006a5bfab4a389763378836047_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ce9148006a5bfab4a389763378836047_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2I">https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2I</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorplanetcenter.net%2Fdb_search%2Fshow_object%3Fobject_id%3D2I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7c14667dbef11ce58c3b345a424609a6-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7c14667dbef11ce58c3b345a424609a6_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112219729" class="extiw" title="d:Q112219729"><span lang="en">Initial characterization of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Initial characterization of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov</span> (articol științific)|]]</span></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%26%238203%3B%5D%5D%3C%2Fspan%3E%5B%5BCategorie%3AArticole+cu+leg%C4%83turi+c%C4%83tre+elemente+f%C4%83r%C4%83+etichet%C4%83+%C3%AEn+limba+rom%C3%A2n%C4%83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Verificați valoarea <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|titlelink=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#bad_paramlink" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPC-DB-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MPC-DB_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPC-DB_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2I">„2I/Borisov=C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)”</a>. Minor Planet Center. <time datetime="2019-10-01">1 octombrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-10-05">5 octombrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2I%2FBorisov%3DC%2F2019+Q4+%28Borisov%29&rft.pub=Minor+Planet+Center&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorplanetcenter.net%2Fdb_search%2Fshow_object%3Fobject_id%3D2I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray234-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gray234_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray234_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray234_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Gray, Bill (<time datetime="2019-09-20">20 septembrie 2019</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911191459/https://www.projectpluto.com/temp/gb00234.htm">„Pseudo-MPEC for gb00234”</a>. Project Pluto. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.projectpluto.com/temp/gb00234.htm#elements">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-09-11">11 septembrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-20">20 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pseudo-MPEC+for+gb00234&rft.pub=Project+Pluto&rft.date=2019-09-20&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.projectpluto.com%2Ftemp%2Fgb00234.htm%23elements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christensen2019-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen2019_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen2019_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Christensen, Lars Lindberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau1910/">„Naming of New Interstellar Visitor: 2I/Borisov”</a>. International Astronomical Union<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-24">24 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naming+of+New+Interstellar+Visitor%3A+2I%2FBorisov&rft.pub=International+Astronomical+Union&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Lars+Lindberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fnews%2Fpressreleases%2Fdetail%2Fiau1910%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPEC2019-S72-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC2019-S72_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC2019-S72_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K19/K19S72.html">„MPEC 2019-S72 : 2I/Borisov=C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)”</a>. Minor Planet Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-24">24 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MPEC+2019-S72+%3A+2I%2FBorisov%3DC%2F2019+Q4+%28Borisov%29&rft.pub=Minor+Planet+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorplanetcenter.net%2Fmpec%2FK19%2FK19S72.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EA-20191014-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EA-20191014_13-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jagiellonian_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jagiellonian University — pagină inexistentă">Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University</a> (<time datetime="2019-10-14">14 octombrie 2019</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-10/aoju-icw101119.php">„Interstellar Comet with a Familiar Look”</a>. <i>EurekAlert!</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-16">16 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+News&rft.atitle=Astronomers+have+spotted+a+second+interstellar+object&rft.date=2019-09-12&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencenews.org%2Farticle%2Fastronomy-interstellar-comet-space&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNN_15-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Strickland, Ashley (<time datetime="2019-09-24">24 septembrie 2019</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/24/world/second-interstellar-visitor-confirmed-scn-trnd/index.html">„2nd interstellar visitor to our solar system confirmed and named”</a>. <i>CNN</i> (în English).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=2nd+interstellar+visitor+to+our+solar+system+confirmed+and+named&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft.aulast=Strickland&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F09%2F24%2Fworld%2Fsecond-interstellar-visitor-confirmed-scn-trnd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Limbă nerecunoscută (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Limb%C4%83_nerecunoscut%C4%83" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Limbă nerecunoscută">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20191224-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20191224_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20191224_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">St. Fleur, Nicholas (<time datetime="2019-12-24">24 decembrie 2019</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/24/science/interstellar-comet-christmas.html">„Watching an Interstellar Comet and Hoping for a Bang - Seeing Comet Borisov won't be easy for the typical sky gazer, but astronomers still have a lot to learn from this extrasolar tourist”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2019-12-07">7 decembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Interstellar+Comet+Has+Arrived+in+Time+for+the+Holidays+-+This+weekend+an+ice+cube+from+beyond+our+solar+system+will+makes+its+closest+approach+to+the+sun%2C+trailing+mystery+and+dust.&rft.date=2019-12-07&rft.aulast=Overbye&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F12%2F07%2Fscience%2Finterstellar-comet-2i-borisov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20191207b-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20191207b_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20191207b_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Corum, Jonathan (<time datetime="2019-12-07">7 decembrie 2019</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/07/science/comet-borisov-tracker.html">„Tracking Comet Borisov”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2019-12-07">7 decembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+University&rft.atitle=New+image+offers+close-up+view+of+interstellar+comet&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yale.edu%2F2019%2F11%2F26%2Fnew-image-offers-close-view-interstellar-comet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AT-20200312-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AT-20200312_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AT-20200312_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Drahus, Michal; et al. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2020-03-13">13 martie 2020</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomer%27s+Telegram&rft.atitle=ATel%231349%3A+Multiple+Outbursts+of+Interstellar+Comet+2I%2FBorisov&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft.au=Drahus%2C+Michal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomerstelegram.org%2F%3Fread%3D13549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AT-20200402-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AT-20200402_21-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Jewitt, David; et al. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2020-04-03">3 aprilie 2020</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomer%27s+Telegram&rft.atitle=ATel+%2313611%3A+Interstellar+Object+2I%2FBorisov+Double&rft.date=2020-04-02&rft.au=Jewitt%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomerstelegram.org%2F%3Fread%3D13611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AT-20200403-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AT-20200403_22-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Bolin, Bryce T.; et al. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2017-10-26">26 octombrie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pseudo-MPEC+for+A%2F2017+U1+%28FAQ+File%29&rft.pub=Project+Pluto&rft.date=2017-10-26&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojectpluto.com%2Ftemp%2F2017u1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray-FAQ-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gray-FAQ_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray-FAQ_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray-FAQ_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray-FAQ_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray-FAQ_46-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Gray, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projectpluto.com/temp/2i.htm">„FAQ for C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)”</a>. Project Pluto<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-25">25 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ+for+C%2F2019+Q4+%28Borisov%29&rft.pub=Project+Pluto&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojectpluto.com%2Ftemp%2F2i.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spaceweathergallery.com/indiv_upload.php?upload_id=157027">„Comet 2I Borisov”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comet+2I+Borisov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspaceweathergallery.com%2Findiv_upload.php%3Fupload_id%3D157027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPL-Hyperbolic-50"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JPL-Hyperbolic_50-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;c1_group=ORB;c1_item=Bg;c1_op=%3E;c1_value=1;table_format=HTML;max_rows=100;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBgBiBjBhBqCiCk;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=BgD">„JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: e > 1”</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190925183732/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;c1_group=ORB;c1_item=Bg;c1_op=%3E;c1_value=1;table_format=HTML;max_rows=100;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBgBiBjBqCiCk;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=BgD">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2019-09-25">25 septembrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-25">25 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JPL+Small-Body+Database+Search+Engine%3A+e+%3E+1&rft.pub=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fsbdb_query.cgi%3Fobj_group%3Dall%3Bobj_kind%3Dall%3Bobj_numbered%3Dall%3BOBJ_field%3D0%3BORB_field%3D0%3Bc1_group%3DORB%3Bc1_item%3DBg%3Bc1_op%3D%253E%3Bc1_value%3D1%3Btable_format%3DHTML%3Bmax_rows%3D100%3Bformat_option%3Dcomp%3Bc_fields%3DAcBgBiBjBhBqCiCk%3B.cgifields%3Dformat_option%3B.cgifields%3Dast_orbit_class%3B.cgifields%3Dtable_format%3B.cgifields%3Dobj_kind%3B.cgifields%3Dobj_group%3B.cgifields%3Dobj_numbered%3B.cgifields%3Dcom_orbit_class%26query%3D1%26c_sort%3DBgD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siegel2017-52"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Siegel2017_52-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Siegel, Ethan (<time datetime="2017-12-16">16 decembrie 2017</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191001175343/https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/ask-ethan-why-dont-comets-orbit-the-same-way-planets-do-75872f5d5ec0">„Ask Ethan: Why Don't Comets Orbit The Same Way Planets Do?”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/ask-ethan-why-dont-comets-orbit-the-same-way-planets-do-75872f5d5ec0">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-10-01">1 octombrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-10-01">1 octombrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ask+Ethan%3A+Why+Don%27t+Comets+Orbit+The+Same+Way+Planets+Do%3F&rft.date=2017-12-16&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fstarts-with-a-bang%2Fask-ethan-why-dont-comets-orbit-the-same-way-planets-do-75872f5d5ec0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atel13100-53"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Atel13100_53-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190912164340/http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13100">„Interstellar Comet gb00234”</a>. Astronomer's Telegram. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13100">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-09-12">12 septembrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-12">12 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interstellar+Comet+gb00234&rft.pub=Astronomer%27s+Telegram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomerstelegram.org%2F%3Fread%3D13100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voyager-54"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Voyager_54-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/frequently-asked-questions/fast-facts/">„Fast Facts”</a>. <i>Jet Propulsion Laboratory – Voyager</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-27">27 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory+%E2%80%93+Voyager&rft.atitle=Fast+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoyager.jpl.nasa.gov%2Ffrequently-asked-questions%2Ffast-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S&T2019-55"><b><a href="#cite_ref-S&T2019_55-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">King, Bob (<time datetime="2019-09-11">11 septembrie 2019</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/possible-interstellar-comet-headed-our-way/">„Is Another Interstellar Visitor Headed Our Way?”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sky_%26_Telescope" title="Sky & Telescope">Sky & Telescope</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-12">12 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+%26+Telescope&rft.atitle=Is+Another+Interstellar+Visitor+Headed+Our+Way%3F&rft.date=2019-09-11&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skyandtelescope.com%2Fastronomy-news%2Fpossible-interstellar-comet-headed-our-way%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fontanka-56"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fontanka_56-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Нелюбин, Николай (<time datetime="2019-09-13">13 septembrie 2019</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fontanka.ru/2019/09/13/052/"><bdi lang="ru">«Готовы открывать кометы бесплатно, лишь бы имя осталось». Российский астроном Геннадий Борисов о первой в истории человечества межзвёздной комете</bdi></a> [“We’ll discover comets without pay, what matters is that the name lives on”. Russian astronomer Gennadiy Borisov on the first interstellar comet in the history of humankind] (în Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-16">16 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C2%AB%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%2C+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%8C+%D0%B1%D1%8B+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%C2%BB.+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fontanka.ru%2F2019%2F09%2F13%2F052%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Limbă nerecunoscută (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Limb%C4%83_nerecunoscut%C4%83" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Limbă nerecunoscută">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray-prec-57"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gray-prec_57-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Gray, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190912141149/https://projectpluto.com/temp/gb_prec.htm">„Pseudo-MPEC for gb00234 (precovery-eph)”</a>. Project Pluto. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projectpluto.com/temp/gb_prec.htm#eph">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-09-12">12 septembrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-11">11 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pseudo-MPEC+for+gb00234+%28precovery-eph%29&rft.pub=Project+Pluto&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojectpluto.com%2Ftemp%2Fgb_prec.htm%23eph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray-NEO-58"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gray-NEO_58-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Gray, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190910052200/https://projectpluto.com/neocp2/mpecs/gb00234.htm#elements">„Pseudo-MPEC for gb00234 (AutoNEOCP)”</a>. Project Pluto. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projectpluto.com/neocp2/mpecs/gb00234.htm#elements">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-09-10">10 septembrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-13">13 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pseudo-MPEC+for+gb00234+%28AutoNEOCP%29&rft.pub=Project+Pluto&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojectpluto.com%2Fneocp2%2Fmpecs%2Fgb00234.htm%23elements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scout-59"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scout_59-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190911213623/https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/scout/%23/object/gb00234#/object/gb00234">„Scout: gb00234”</a>. JPL CNEOS. Arhivat din original în <time datetime="2019-09-11">11 septembrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-10">10 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scout%3A+gb00234&rft.pub=JPL+CNEOS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcneos.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fscout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: URL impropriu (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_URL_impropriu" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: URL impropriu">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">( with 151 obs)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPECK19RA6-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MPECK19RA6_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPECK19RA6_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K19/K19RA6.html">„COMET C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)”</a>. Minor Planet Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-11">11 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=COMET+C%2F2019+Q4+%28Borisov%29&rft.pub=Minor+Planet+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorplanetcenter.net%2Fmpec%2FK19%2FK19RA6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20191001-61"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20191001_61-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Overbye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Overbye — pagină inexistentă">Overbye, Dennis</a> (<time datetime="2019-10-01">1 octombrie 2019</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/01/science/interstellar-comet-astronomy-borisov.html">„An Interstellar Comet, in Time for the Holidays - On Dec. 7, the extrasolar comet now known as 2I/Borisov will make its closest approach to the sun”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-10-02">2 octombrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+Interstellar+Comet%2C+in+Time+for+the+Holidays+-+On+Dec.+7%2C+the+extrasolar+comet+now+known+as+2I%2FBorisov+will+make+its+closest+approach+to+the+sun.&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft.aulast=Overbye&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F10%2F01%2Fscience%2Finterstellar-comet-astronomy-borisov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hubble100719-62"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hubble100719_62-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stsci.edu/ftp/observing/weekly_timeline/timeline_10_07_19"><i>HST Weekly Observing Timeline</i></a>, Space Telescope Science Institute, <time datetime="2019-10-07">7 octombrie 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2019-10-08">8 octombrie 2019</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HST+Weekly+Observing+Timeline&rft.pub=Space+Telescope+Science+Institute&rft.date=2019-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stsci.edu%2Fftp%2Fobserving%2Fweekly_timeline%2Ftimeline_10_07_19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-STScI-16009-63"><b><a href="#cite_ref-STScI-16009_63-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Jewitt, D.; Weaver, H. A.; Mutchler, M.; Agarwal, J.; Kim, Y.; Hui, M.-T. (<time datetime="2019-09-25">25 septembrie 2019</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stsci.edu/hst/phase2-public/16009.pdf">„Proposal 16009 - Interstellar Object C/2019 Q4”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Space Telescope Science Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-27">27 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposal+16009+-+Interstellar+Object+C%2F2019+Q4&rft.pub=Space+Telescope+Science+Institute&rft.date=2019-09-25&rft.aulast=Jewitt&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Weaver%2C+H.+A.&rft.au=Mutchler%2C+M.&rft.au=Agarwal%2C+J.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Y.&rft.au=Hui%2C+M.-T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stsci.edu%2Fhst%2Fphase2-public%2F16009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A2I%2FBorisov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div></div></small><small><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2I/Borisov&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div></small><small><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yale.edu/sites/default/files/styles/featured_media/public/comet-side-by-side.jpg?itok=SqC8WoFN&c=07307e7d6a991172b9f808eb83b18804">Image of 2I/Borisov</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yale.edu/2019/11/26/new-image-offers-close-view-interstellar-comet">comet is "14 times the size of Earth"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yale_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>; November 2019)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gemini.edu/node/21240">Image of 2I/Borisov</a> from the Gemini Observatory, Hawaii</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://in-space.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/gb00234.gif">Discovery animation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lesia.obspm.fr/comets/lib/display-all-pict.php?Code=CK19Q040&Username=&CodeObs=&Config=&y1=2019&m1=08&y2=2021&m2=10&typ=pict">Pictures of 2I/Borisov</a> from Paris Observatory (LESIA)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projectpluto.com/temp/2i.htm">FAQ</a> by Bill Gray at ProjectPluto</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aerith.net/comet/catalog/0002I/mag.gif">Magnitude plot</a> by Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net (with predicted brightness)</li></ul></small>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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