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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-정의와_내용" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#정의와_내용"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>정의와 내용</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-정의와_내용-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-세계의_자유민주주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#세계의_자유민주주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>세계의 자유민주주의</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-세계의_자유민주주의-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>세계의 자유민주주의 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-세계의_자유민주주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-자유민주주의를_채택한_나라" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#자유민주주의를_채택한_나라"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>자유민주주의를 채택한 나라</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-자유민주주의를_채택한_나라-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-대한민국" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#대한민국"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>대한민국</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-대한민국-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-독일" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#독일"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>독일</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-독일-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_자료" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_자료"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>참고 자료</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_자료-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">자유민주주의</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 58개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ديمقراطية ليبرالية – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديمقراطية ليبرالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ديموقراطيه ليبراليه – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديموقراطيه ليبراليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracia_lliberal" title="Democracia lliberal – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Democracia lliberal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_demokratiya" title="Liberal demokratiya – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Liberal demokratiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="لیبرال دموکراسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیبرال دموکراسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ліберальная дэмакратыя – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ліберальная дэмакратыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Либерална демокрация – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Либерална демокрация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democr%C3%A0cia_liberal" title="Democràcia liberal – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Democràcia liberal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DA%95%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="دیموکراسیی لیبڕاڵ – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دیموکراسیی لیبڕاڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_demokracie" title="Liberální demokracie – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Liberální demokracie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalt_demokrati" title="Liberalt demokrati – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Liberalt demokrati" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberale_Demokratie" title="Liberale Demokratie – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liberale Demokratie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0_%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%AE%DE%86%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%A9" title="ލިބަރަލް ޑިމޮކްރަސީ – 디베히어" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ލިބަރަލް ޑިމޮކްރަސީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="디베히어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Φιλελεύθερη δημοκρατία – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλελεύθερη δημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Liberal democracy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberala_demokratio" title="Liberala demokratio – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Liberala demokratio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracia_liberal" title="Democracia liberal – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Democracia liberal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberaalne_demokraatia" title="Liberaalne demokraatia – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liberaalne demokraatia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrazia_liberal" title="Demokrazia liberal – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Demokrazia liberal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="لیبرال دموکراسی – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیبرال دموکراسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberaali_demokratia" title="Liberaali demokratia – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liberaali demokratia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9mocratie_lib%C3%A9rale" title="Démocratie libérale – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Démocratie libérale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="דמוקרטיה ליברלית – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דמוקרטיה ליברלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="उदार लोकतंत्र – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उदार लोकतंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalna_demokracija" title="Liberalna demokracija – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Liberalna demokracija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber%C3%A1lis_demokr%C3%A1cia" title="Liberális demokrácia – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Liberális demokrácia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrasi_liberal" title="Demokrasi liberal – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Demokrasi liberal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democrazia_liberale" title="Democrazia liberale – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Democrazia liberale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="自由民主主義 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自由民主主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ლიბერალური დემოკრატია – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიბერალური დემოკრატია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Либералды демократия – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Либералды демократия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democrazia_liberala" title="Democrazia liberala – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Democrazia liberala" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalioji_demokratija" title="Liberalioji demokratija – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liberalioji demokratija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber%C4%81l%C4%81_demokr%C4%81tija" title="Liberālā demokrātija – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Liberālā demokrātija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrasi_liberal" title="Demokrasi liberal – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Demokrasi liberal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE" title="လစ်ဘရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီ – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လစ်ဘရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberale_democratie" title="Liberale democratie – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liberale democratie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalt_demokrati" title="Liberalt demokrati – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liberalt demokrati" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokracja_liberalna" title="Demokracja liberalna – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Demokracja liberalna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%90%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%DA%89%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="لېبراله ډیموکراسي – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لېبراله ډیموکراسي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracia_liberal" title="Democracia liberal – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Democracia liberal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democra%C8%9Bie_liberal%C4%83" title="Democrație liberală – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Democrație liberală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Либеральная демократия – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Либеральная демократия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libbiraldimucrazz%C3%ACa" title="Libbiraldimucrazzìa – 시칠리아어" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Libbiraldimucrazzìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="시칠리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalna_demokracija" title="Liberalna demokracija – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Liberalna demokracija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber%C3%A1lna_demokracia" title="Liberálna demokracia – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Liberálna demokracia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Либерална демократија – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Либерална демократија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_demokrati" title="Liberal demokrati – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liberal demokrati" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="தாராண்மை மக்களாட்சி – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாராண்மை மக்களாட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ประชาธิปไตยเสรีนิยม – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประชาธิปไตยเสรีนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrasyang_liberal" title="Demokrasyang liberal – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Demokrasyang liberal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_demokrasi" title="Liberal demokrasi – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Liberal demokrasi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ліберальна демократія – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліберальна демократія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2n_ch%E1%BB%A7_t%E1%BB%B1_do" title="Dân chủ tự do – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dân chủ tự do" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ლიბერალური დემოკრატია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლიბერალური დემოკრატია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="自由民主制 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="自由民主制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%AB-i%C3%BB_b%C3%AEn-ch%C3%BA" title="Chū-iû bîn-chú – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chū-iû bîn-chú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="自由民主制 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="自由民主制" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192125#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" class="wbc-editpage">링크 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192125" title="데이터 저장소에 연결된 항목을 가리키는 링크 [g]" accesskey="g"><span>위키데이터 항목</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:2016_Freedom_House_world_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2016_Freedom_House_world_map.png/330px-2016_Freedom_House_world_map.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2016_Freedom_House_world_map.png/495px-2016_Freedom_House_world_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2016_Freedom_House_world_map.png/660px-2016_Freedom_House_world_map.png 2x" data-file-width="4972" data-file-height="2517" /></a><figcaption>전세계 자유민주주의 채택 현황<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311110">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#179C86; color:black;"> </span> 자유주의</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311110"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F6DD4F; color:black;"> </span> 부분적 자유주의</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311110"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#706EA4; color:white;"> </span> 비자유주의</div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>자유민주주의</b>는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%A0%81_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="고전적 자유주의">고전적 자유주의</a> 원리 하에 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="대의 민주주의">대의 민주주의</a>가 작동되는 형태의 통치 체제를 말한다. 자유 민주주의 특징은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9B%90%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="다원주의">다원주의</a> 하의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="선거">선거</a> 실시, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B6%8C%EB%A0%A5_%EB%B6%84%EB%A6%BD" title="권력 분립">권력 분립</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="법치주의">법치주의</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9C%A0%EC%9E%AC%EC%82%B0" title="사유재산">사유제의</a> 인정 하의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="시장 경제">시장 경제</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B6%8C" title="인권">인권</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%89%EB%93%B1" title="평등">평등</a>,사회권,<a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="시민권">시민권</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="시민 자유">시민 자유</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="정치적 자유">정치적 자유</a> 보장 등이다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="정의와_내용"><span id=".EC.A0.95.EC.9D.98.EC.99.80_.EB.82.B4.EC.9A.A9"></span>정의와 내용</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 정의와 내용"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>자유민주주의의 정의에 대해서는 그 오랜 역사와 더불어 진화, 발전하여 견해가 다양하며 포함하는 내용도 풍부하고 상이하다. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%9E%98%EB%A6%AC_%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%84%EB%AA%AC%EB%93%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="래리 다이아몬드 (없는 문서)">래리 다이아몬드</a>(Larry Diamond) 교수는 자유민주주의를 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="민주주의">민주주의</a>와 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%85%ED%97%8C%EC%A0%81_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="입헌적 자유주의 (없는 문서)">입헌적 자유주의</a>의 결합으로 보면서 11가지의 요소를 들고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>선거의 결과가 불확실하고 반대표도 상당하며, 헌법 원리를 부정하는 정치적인 세력은 정당의 설립과 선거의 참여가 부정된다. (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="법치주의">법치주의</a>)</li> <li>군을 비롯하여 민주적인 책임을 지지 않는 기관은 선거에 의해 선출된 기관에 복종한다. (<a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EB%AF%BC%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="문민통제">문민통제</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC" title="국민">국민</a>은 자유롭게 만들고 참여할 수 있는 다양하고 독자적인 결사와 같이 그들을 표현하고 대표하는 여러 경로를 가질 수 있어야 한다. (<a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9B%90%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="다원주의">다원주의</a>)</li> <li>개개인에게 실질적인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="양심의 자유">양심의 자유</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="사상의 자유">사상의 자유</a>, 의견의 자유, 토론의 자유, <a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%ED%98%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="표현의 자유">표현의 자유</a>, 출판의 자유, 결사의 자유, 평화적인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%91%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="집회의 자유">집회의 자유</a>, 청원의 자유 등이 보장되어야 한다.</li> <li>국민들이 정치적으로 독립된 언론과 같이 정보를 구득할 수 있는 여러 경로가 있어야 한다. (<a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%A6%B0_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C" title="열린 사회">열린 사회</a>)</li> <li>행정권력은 독립된 사법부, 의회, 다른 공적 기관 등에 의하여 견제되어야 한다. (<a href="/wiki/%EA%B6%8C%EB%A0%A5_%EB%B6%84%EB%A6%BD" title="권력 분립">권력 분립</a>)</li> <li>국민의 자유는 독립되고 평등한 법적용을 하는 사법부에 의하여 효과적으로 보장되어야 한다. 사법부의 결정은 존중받고 공권력에 의하여 강제될 수 있어야 한다.</li> <li>국민은 법 앞에 정치적으로 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%89%EB%93%B1" title="평등">평등</a>하다.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A0%81_%EC%86%8C%EC%88%98%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="사회적 소수자">사회적 소수</a>자는 억압받지 않는다. (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B6%8C" title="인권">인권</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%89%EB%93%B1" title="평등">평등</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="법치주의">법의 지배 원리</a>는 국민들의 인권을 보장해야 한다. (<a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="시민권">시민권</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%8C%EB%B2%95" title="헌법">헌법</a>의 최고규범성이 보장되어야 한다.</li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%8D%A4_%ED%95%98%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="프리덤 하우스">프리덤 하우스</a>는 자유민주주의를 국민의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="자유">자유</a>를 보호하는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="대의 민주주의">대의 민주주의</a>로 정의한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="세계의_자유민주주의"><span id=".EC.84.B8.EA.B3.84.EC.9D.98_.EC.9E.90.EC.9C.A0.EB.AF.BC.EC.A3.BC.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span>세계의 자유민주주의</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 세계의 자유민주주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="자유민주주의를_채택한_나라"><span id=".EC.9E.90.EC.9C.A0.EB.AF.BC.EC.A3.BC.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98.EB.A5.BC_.EC.B1.84.ED.83.9D.ED.95.9C_.EB.82.98.EB.9D.BC"></span>자유민주주의를 채택한 나라</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 자유민주주의를 채택한 나라"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>자유민주주의는 다양한 종류의 헌법에 채택되고 있다. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EC%A0%9C" title="공화제">공화제</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A7%8C" title="대만">대만</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="프랑스">프랑스</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="아일랜드">아일랜드</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC" title="독일">독일</a> 등)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="대통령중심제">대통령중심제</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A7%8C" title="대만">대만</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a> 등)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%9B%90%EC%A7%91%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80%EC%A0%9C" title="이원집정부제">이원집정부제</a> (<a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="프랑스">프랑스</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C" title="폴란드">폴란드</a> 등)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%ED%97%8C%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%9C" title="입헌군주제">입헌군주제</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD" title="영국">영국</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="오스트레일리아">오스트레일리아</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A8%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%90" title="벨기에">벨기에</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4" title="캐나다">캐나다</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B4%EB%A7%88%ED%81%AC" title="덴마크">덴마크</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%8D%9C%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C" title="네덜란드">네덜란드</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A5%B4%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4" title="노르웨이">노르웨이</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8" title="스페인">스페인</a> 등)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EC%9B%90%EB%82%B4%EA%B0%81%EC%A0%9C" title="의원내각제">의원내각제</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="오스트레일리아">오스트레일리아</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4" title="캐나다">캐나다</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC" title="독일">독일</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="아일랜드">아일랜드</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="이탈리아">이탈리아</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD" title="영국">영국</a> 등)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="대한민국"><span id=".EB.8C.80.ED.95.9C.EB.AF.BC.EA.B5.AD"></span>대한민국</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 대한민국"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>흔히 자유민주주의라고 표현하는 내용에 대해 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD_%ED%97%8C%EB%B2%95" title="대한민국 헌법">대한민국 헌법</a>에서는 전문에 "모든 사회적 폐습과 불의를 타파하며, 자율과 조화를 바탕으로 자유민주적 기본질서를 확고히 하여"라는 부분과 제4조에 "<a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>은 통일을 지향하며, 자유민주적 기본질서에 입각한 평화적 통일 정책을 수립하고 이를 추진한다."고 하여 자유민주적 기본질서라고 되어 있으며 이를 자유민주주의로 받아들이는 사람들에 의해 견해의 대립이 있다. 해당 표현은 <a href="/wiki/1972%EB%85%84" title="1972년">1972년</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%8B%A0_%ED%97%8C%EB%B2%95" class="mw-redirect" title="유신 헌법">유신 헌법</a>에서 평화통일 조항과 함께 처음 등장하였는데 이에 대해 이를 냉전 완화라는 세계 정세 가운데 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EA%B3%B5%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="반공주의">반공주의</a>라는 소극적 이데올로기에 기초한 권위주의 체제를 유지하려는 당시 정권이 안고 있던 고민의 산물로 분석하는 견해가 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 한편 자유주의적 민주주의와 자유로운 민주주의의 인식은 구분되어야 한다고 하면서, 당시 헌법 개정에 참가한 헌법전문가들이 양자의 차이를 인식하지 못했을 가능성을 제기하는 학자도 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>한편 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%ED%97%8C%EB%B2%95%EC%9E%AC%ED%8C%90%EC%86%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="대한민국의 헌법재판소">헌법재판소</a>는 "자유민주적 기본질서에 위해를 준다 함은 모든 폭력적 지배와 자의적 지배 즉 반국가단체의 일인독재 내지 일당독재를 배제하고 다수의 의사에 의한 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC" title="국민">국민</a>의 자치, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="자유">자유</a>·<a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%89%EB%93%B1" title="평등">평등</a>의 기본원칙에 의한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="법치주의">법치주의적</a> 통치질서의 유지를 어렵게 만드는 것으로서 구체적으로는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8%EA%B6%8C" title="기본권">기본적 인권</a>의 존중, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B6%8C%EB%A0%A5%EB%B6%84%EB%A6%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="권력분립">권력분립</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="의회">의회</a>제도, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95%EB%8B%B9%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="복수정당제">복수정당제도</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="선거">선거제도</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9C%A0%EC%9E%AC%EC%82%B0%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="사유재산제">사유재산</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="시장경제">시장경제</a>를 골간으로 한 경제질서 및 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%9B%90" title="법원">사법권</a>의 독립 등 우리의 내부체제를 파괴·변혁시키려는 것"이라고 설시했다.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="독일"><span id=".EB.8F.85.EC.9D.BC"></span>독일</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 독일"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>독일연방헌법재판소는 ‘자유롭고 민주적인 기본질서(<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freiheitliche_demokratische_Grundordnung" class="extiw" title="de:Freiheitliche demokratische Grundordnung">Freiheitliche demokratische Grundordnung</a>)’를 "모든 폭력적 지배와 자의적 지배를 배제하고, 그때의 다수의 의사와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="자유">자유</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%89%EB%93%B1" title="평등">평등</a>에 의거한 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC" title="국민">국민</a>의 자기결정을 토대로 하는 법치국가적 통치질서"라고 규정했다. 하지만 이 문구에서의 평등은 기회의 평등임을 인식해야 하며, 이것이 곧 공평이란 것을 의미한다.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="자유">자유</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유주의">자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="민주주의">민주주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="법치주의">법치주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC_%ED%97%8C%EB%B2%95" class="mw-redirect" title="독일 헌법">독일 헌법</a>상의 <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freiheitliche_demokratische_Grundordnung" class="extiw" title="de:Freiheitliche demokratische Grundordnung">Freiheitliche demokratische Grundordnung</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thinkcentre.org/article.cfm?ArticleID=375">Think Centre</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">강원택 외, 《헌법과 미래》, 31면.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">국순옥, 〈자유민주적 기본질서란 무엇인가〉</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">헌재 1990. 4. 2. 89헌가113, 판례집 2, 49, 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">BVerfGE 2, 1[12];BVerfGE 12, 45[51] ; <a href="/wiki/%EA%B6%8C%EC%98%81%EC%84%B1" title="권영성">권영성</a>, 헌법학원론(2007년판)에서 인용. 해당 저서에서는 Freiheitliche demokratische Grundordnung를 자유민주주의로 해석.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_자료"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EC.9E.90.EB.A3.8C"></span>참고 자료</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 참고 자료"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div><small><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/20px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/30px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/40px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Cc.logo.circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/20px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/30px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/40px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 이 문서에는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C" title="다음">다음커뮤니케이션</a>(현 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85)" title="카카오 (기업)">카카오</a>)에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="위키백과:GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a> 또는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="위키백과:Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">CC-SA</a> 라이선스로 배포한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C_%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%8C_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="위키백과:다음 글로벌 세계대백과사전">글로벌 세계대백과사전</a>의 내용을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다.</small></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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