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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mida" title="Mida – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mida" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abmessungen" title="Abmessungen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abmessungen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B5%C3%B5tmed" title="Mõõtmed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mõõtmed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tama%C3%B1o_(medida)" title="Tamaño (medida) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tamaño (medida)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87" title="اندازه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اندازه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A8ruuno_(size)" title="Ũruuno (size) – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ũruuno (size)" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EA%B8%B0" title="크기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%83" title="Չափ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չափ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukubwa" title="Ukubwa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ukubwa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saiz" title="Saiz – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Saiz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afmeting" title="Afmeting – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Afmeting" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamanho" title="Tamanho – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tamanho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Size" title="Size – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Size" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="سایز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سایز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%98%A5%E5%A3%AB" title="嘥士 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="嘥士" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F" title="大小 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大小" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q322481#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Magnitude or dimension of a thing</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Size_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Size (disambiguation)">Size (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Physical dimension" redirects here. For the dimension of a physical quantity, see <a href="/wiki/Dimension_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimension (physics)">Dimension (physics)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Resizing" redirects here. For resizing of digital images, see <a href="/wiki/Image_scaling" title="Image scaling">image scaling</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Megalodon-Carcharodon-Scale-Chart-SVG.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Megalodon-Carcharodon-Scale-Chart-SVG.svg/220px-Megalodon-Carcharodon-Scale-Chart-SVG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Megalodon-Carcharodon-Scale-Chart-SVG.svg/330px-Megalodon-Carcharodon-Scale-Chart-SVG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Megalodon-Carcharodon-Scale-Chart-SVG.svg/440px-Megalodon-Carcharodon-Scale-Chart-SVG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>A diagram comparing the size of an average human diver to the size of the modern <a href="/wiki/Great_white_shark" title="Great white shark">great white shark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whale_shark" title="Whale shark">whale shark</a>, and the prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Megalodon" title="Megalodon">megalodon</a>. The illustration also contains a linear measurement in meters in the middle.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comparison_of_planets_and_stars_(sheet_by_sheet)_(Oct_2014_update).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Comparison_of_planets_and_stars_%28sheet_by_sheet%29_%28Oct_2014_update%29.png/220px-Comparison_of_planets_and_stars_%28sheet_by_sheet%29_%28Oct_2014_update%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Comparison_of_planets_and_stars_%28sheet_by_sheet%29_%28Oct_2014_update%29.png/330px-Comparison_of_planets_and_stars_%28sheet_by_sheet%29_%28Oct_2014_update%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Comparison_of_planets_and_stars_%28sheet_by_sheet%29_%28Oct_2014_update%29.png/440px-Comparison_of_planets_and_stars_%28sheet_by_sheet%29_%28Oct_2014_update%29.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>A size <a href="/wiki/Comparison" title="Comparison">comparison</a> illustration comparing the sizes of various planets and stars. In each grouping after the first, the last object from the previous group is presented as the first object of the following group, to present a continuous sense of comparison.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Size_of_a_Bat_skull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Size_of_a_Bat_skull.jpg/220px-Size_of_a_Bat_skull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Size_of_a_Bat_skull.jpg/330px-Size_of_a_Bat_skull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Size_of_a_Bat_skull.jpg/440px-Size_of_a_Bat_skull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A bat skull next to a <a href="/wiki/Ruler" title="Ruler">ruler</a> used to measure size. Size: 7 mm (0.28 in)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finch_Egg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Finch_Egg.jpg/220px-Finch_Egg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Finch_Egg.jpg/330px-Finch_Egg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Finch_Egg.jpg/440px-Finch_Egg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Finch" title="Finch">finch</a> egg next to a dime; a person familiar with the size of a dime would thereby have a sense of the size of the egg.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Giza,_Carlo_accarezza_la_sfinge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Giza%2C_Carlo_accarezza_la_sfinge.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Giza%2C_Carlo_accarezza_la_sfinge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Giza%2C_Carlo_accarezza_la_sfinge.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Giza%2C_Carlo_accarezza_la_sfinge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Giza%2C_Carlo_accarezza_la_sfinge.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Giza%2C_Carlo_accarezza_la_sfinge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1361" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Forced_perspective" title="Forced perspective">Forced perspective</a> illusion wherein the perceived size of the Sphinx next to a human is distorted by the incomplete view of both, and the appearance of physical contact between the two.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Size</b> in general is the <a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(mathematics)" title="Magnitude (mathematics)">magnitude</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dimension" title="Dimension">dimensions</a> of a thing. More specifically, <i>geometrical size</i> (or <i>spatial size</i>) can refer to three <a href="/wiki/Geometrical_measures" class="mw-redirect" title="Geometrical measures">geometrical measures</a>: <a href="/wiki/Length" title="Length">length</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">area</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a>. Length can be generalized to other linear dimensions (width, <a href="/wiki/Height" title="Height">height</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perimeter" title="Perimeter">perimeter</a>). Size can also be measured in terms of <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a>, especially when assuming a <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a> range. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm/220px--A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="84" data-mwtitle="A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="3840" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm/A_cosmic_sense_of_scale.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>This animation gives a sense of the scale of some of the known objects in our universe.</figcaption></figure> <p>In mathematical terms, "size is a concept abstracted from the process of measuring by <a href="/wiki/Comparison" title="Comparison">comparing</a> a longer to a shorter".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Size is determined by the process of comparing or measuring objects, which results in the determination of the magnitude of a quantity, such as length or mass, relative to a unit of <a href="/wiki/Measurement" title="Measurement">measurement</a>. Such a magnitude is usually expressed as a numerical value of <a href="/wiki/Units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of measurement">units</a> on a previously established <a href="/wiki/Spatial_scale" title="Spatial scale">spatial scale</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Meters" class="mw-redirect" title="Meters">meters</a> or <a href="/wiki/Inches" class="mw-redirect" title="Inches">inches</a>. </p><p>The sizes with which humans tend to be most familiar are body dimensions (measures of <a href="/wiki/Anthropometry" title="Anthropometry">anthropometry</a>), which include measures such as <a href="/wiki/Human_height" title="Human height">human height</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_body_weight" title="Human body weight">human body weight</a>. These measures can, in the aggregate, allow the generation of commercially useful distributions of products that accommodate expected body sizes,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as with the creation of <a href="/wiki/Clothing_sizes" title="Clothing sizes">clothing sizes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">shoe sizes</a>, and with the standardization of <a href="/wiki/Door" title="Door">door frame</a> dimensions, <a href="/wiki/Ceiling" title="Ceiling">ceiling</a> heights, and <a href="/wiki/Bed_size" title="Bed size">bed sizes</a>. The human experience of size can lead to a psychological tendency towards size bias,<sup id="cite_ref-Matthews_1995_p._3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matthews_1995_p.-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wherein the relative importance or perceived complexity of organisms and other objects is judged based on their size relative to <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a>, and particularly whether this size makes them easy to observe without aid. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_perception">Human perception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Size&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Human perception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Humans most frequently perceive the size of objects through <a href="/wiki/Visual_cues" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual cues">visual cues</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perception_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perception-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One common means of perceiving size is to compare the size of a newly observed object with the size of a familiar object whose size is already known. <a href="/wiki/Binocular_vision" title="Binocular vision">Binocular vision</a> gives humans the capacity for <a href="/wiki/Depth_perception" title="Depth perception">depth perception</a>, which can be used to judge which of several objects is closer, and by how much, which allows for some estimation of the size of the more distant object relative to the closer object. This also allows for the estimation of the size of large objects based on comparison of closer and farther parts of the same object. The perception of size can be distorted by manipulating these cues, for example through the creation of <a href="/wiki/Forced_perspective" title="Forced perspective">forced perspective</a>. </p><p>Some measures of size may also be determined by <a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">sound</a>. Visually impaired humans often use <a href="/wiki/Human_echolocation" title="Human echolocation">echolocation</a> to determine features of their surroundings, such as the size of spaces and objects. However, even humans who lack this ability can tell if a space that they are unable to see is large or small from hearing sounds echo in the space. Size can also be determined by <a href="/wiki/Touch" class="mw-redirect" title="Touch">touch</a>, which is a process of <a href="/wiki/Haptic_perception" title="Haptic perception">haptic perception</a>. </p><p>The sizes of objects that can not readily be measured merely by sensory input may be evaluated with other kinds of <a href="/wiki/Measuring_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="Measuring instrument">measuring instruments</a>. For example, objects too small to be seen with the naked eye may be measured when viewed through a <a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">microscope</a>, while objects too large to fit within the <a href="/wiki/Field_of_vision" class="mw-redirect" title="Field of vision">field of vision</a> may be measured using a <a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">telescope</a>, or through <a href="/wiki/Extrapolation" title="Extrapolation">extrapolation</a> from known reference points. However, even very advanced measuring devices may still present a limited <a href="/wiki/Field_of_view" title="Field of view">field of view</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Size&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Objects being described by their relative size are often described as being comparatively big and little, or large and small, although "big and little tend to carry affective and evaluative connotations, whereas large and small tend to refer only to the size of a thing".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A wide range of other terms exist to describe things by their relative size, with small things being described for example as tiny, miniature, or minuscule, and large things being described as, for example, huge, gigantic, or enormous. Objects are also typically described as tall or short specifically relative to their vertical height, and as long or short specifically relative to their length along other directions. People who have experienced excessive growth and height significantly above average are described as having <a href="/wiki/Gigantism" title="Gigantism">gigantism</a>. Outside of humans, <a href="/wiki/Deep-sea_gigantism" title="Deep-sea gigantism">deep-sea gigantism</a> (or abyssal gigantism) is the tendency for species of deep-sea dwelling animals to be larger than their shallower-water relatives across a large taxonomic range, and <a href="/wiki/Island_gigantism" title="Island gigantism">island gigantism</a> (or insular gigantism) is a biological phenomenon in which the size of an animal species isolated on an island increases dramatically in comparison to its mainland relatives. </p><p>Although the size of an object may be reflected in its <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> or its <a href="/wiki/Weight" title="Weight">weight</a>, each of these is a different concept. In scientific contexts, mass refers loosely to the amount of "<a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a>" in an object (though "matter" may be difficult to define), whereas weight refers to the <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a> experienced by an object due to <a href="/wiki/Gravitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitation">gravity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An object with a mass of 1.0 kilogram will weigh approximately 9.81 newtons (<a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">newton</a> is the unit of force, while <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogram</a> is the unit of mass) on the surface of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> (its mass multiplied by the <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravitational field strength</a>). Its weight will be less on <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> (where gravity is weaker), more on <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>, and negligible in space when far from any significant source of gravity, but it will always have the same mass. Two objects of equal size, however, may have very different mass and weight, depending on the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">composition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a> of the objects. By contrast, if two objects are known to have roughly the same composition, then some information about the size of one can be determined by measuring the size of the other, and determining the difference in weight between the two. For example, if two blocks of wood are equally dense, and it is known that one weighs ten kilograms and the other weighs twenty kilograms, and that the ten kilogram block has a volume of one cubic foot, then it can be deduced that the twenty kilogram block has a volume of two cubic feet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conceptualization_and_generalization">Conceptualization and generalization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Size&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conceptualization and generalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of size is often applied to ideas that have no physical reality. In <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(mathematics)" title="Magnitude (mathematics)">magnitude</a> is the size of a <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_object" title="Mathematical object">mathematical object</a>, which is an <a href="/wiki/Abstract_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract object">abstract object</a> with no concrete existence. Magnitude is a property by which the object can be compared as larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind. More formally, an object's magnitude is an <a href="/wiki/Order_theory" title="Order theory">ordering</a> (or ranking) of the <a href="/wiki/Class_(mathematics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class (mathematics)">class</a> of objects to which it belongs. There are various other mathematical concepts of size for sets, such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Measure_(mathematics)" title="Measure (mathematics)">measure (mathematics)</a>, a systematic way to assign to each suitable subset a number</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinality" title="Cardinality">cardinality</a> (equal if there is a bijection), of a set is a measure of the "number of elements of the set"</li> <li>for well-ordered sets: <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_number" title="Ordinal number">ordinal number</a> (equal if there is an order-isomorphism)</li></ul> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypothesis_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypothesis testing">hypothesis testing</a>), the "size" of the test refers to the rate of <a href="/wiki/False_positives" class="mw-redirect" title="False positives">false positives</a>, denoted by α. In <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)" title="Magnitude (astronomy)">magnitude</a> of brightness or intensity of a star is measured on a <a href="/wiki/Logarithmic_scale" title="Logarithmic scale">logarithmic scale</a>. Such a scale is also used to measure the intensity of an <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a>, and this intensity is often referred to as the "size" of the event.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In computing, <a href="/wiki/File_size" title="File size">file size</a> is a measure of the size of a <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">file</a>, typically measured in <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">bytes</a>. The actual amount of <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">disk space</a> consumed by the file depends on the <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a>. The maximum file size a file system supports depends on the number of <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a> reserved to store size information and the total size of the file system in terms of its capacity to store bits of information. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Planck_length" class="mw-redirect" title="Planck length">Planck length</a>, denoted <span class="texhtml"><var>ℓ</var><sub>P</sub></span>, is a unit of <a href="/wiki/Length" title="Length">length</a>, equal to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6965161619900000000♠"></span>1.616<span style="margin-left:.25em;">199</span>(97)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−35</sup> <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metres</a></span>. It is a unit in the system of <a href="/wiki/Planck_units" title="Planck units">Planck units</a>, developed by physicist <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>. The Planck length is defined in terms of three <a href="/wiki/Physical_constant" title="Physical constant">fundamental physical constants</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Newtonian_constant_of_gravitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtonian constant of gravitation">Newtonian constant of gravitation</a>. In contrast, the largest observable thing is the <a href="/wiki/Observable_universe" title="Observable universe">observable universe</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Comoving_distance" class="mw-redirect" title="Comoving distance">comoving distance</a> – the distance as would be measured at a specific time, including the present – between <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> and the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Observable_universe" title="Observable universe">observable universe</a> is 46 billion light-years (14<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>9</sup> pc), making the <a href="/wiki/Observable_universe#Size" title="Observable universe">diameter of the observable universe</a> about 91 billion light-years (28<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>9</sup> pc). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">fiction</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, size is occasionally assigned to characteristics that do not have measurable dimensions, such as the metaphorical reference to the size of a person's heart as a shorthand for describing their typical degree of <a href="/wiki/Kindness" title="Kindness">kindness</a> or <a href="/wiki/Generosity" title="Generosity">generosity</a>. With respect to physical size, the concept of <a href="/wiki/Resizing_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resizing (fiction)">resizing</a> is occasionally presented in <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy tales">fairy tales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>, placing humans in a different context within their natural environment by depicting them as having physically been made exceptionally large or exceptionally small through some fantastic means. A famous example is associated with the fictional character, the <a href="/wiki/Grinch" title="Grinch">Grinch</a>, who was said in the story to have been born with a heart that they say was "two sizes too small", such that when he is later redeemed, his heart grows "three sizes that day", leading cardiologist David Kass to humorously suggest that the rapid growth of the Grinch's heart at the end of the story indicates that the Grinch has the physiology of a <a href="/wiki/Burmese_python" title="Burmese python">Burmese python</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Size&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dimensional_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimensional instruments">Dimensional instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length)" title="Orders of magnitude (length)">Orders of magnitude (length)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Size&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Smoryński, <i>History of Mathematics: A Supplement</i> (2008), p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas T. Samaras, <i>Human Body Size and the Laws of Scaling</i> (2007), p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matthews_1995_p.-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Matthews_1995_p._3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The notion that bacteria are primitive, unsophisticated organisms stems from what I would call size chauvinism". <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMatthews1995" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, Clifford (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cosmicbeginnings0000unse"><i>Cosmic beginnings and human ends : where science and religion meet</i></a></span>. Chicago and LaSalle, Ill: Open Court. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9270-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9270-9"><bdi>978-0-8126-9270-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31435749">31435749</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmic+beginnings+and+human+ends+%3A+where+science+and+religion+meet&rft.place=Chicago+and+LaSalle%2C+Ill&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Open+Court&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31435749&rft.isbn=978-0-8126-9270-9&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcosmicbeginnings0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perception-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Perception_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bennett L. Schwartz, John H. Krantz, <i>Sensation and Perception</i> (2015), Chapter 7: "Depth and Size Perception", p. 169-199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John R. Taylor, <i>The Mental Corpus: How Language is Represented in the Mind</i> (2012), p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">de Silva, G.M.S. (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KbOf_Ap-ijkC&q=%22mass+and+weight+are+often+confused%22">Basic Metrology for ISO 9000 Certification</a>, Butterworth-Heinemann</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., Robert A. Meyers, <i>Extreme Environmental Events: Complexity in Forecasting and Early Warning</i> (2010), p. 364, stating "[t]he corner frequency scales with the size of the earthquake measured by the seismic moment".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2017" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton, Jon (December 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/12/22/571998558/heart-2-sizes-too-small-mr-grinch-see-your-cardiologist">"Heart 2 Sizes Too Small? Mr. Grinch, See Your Cardiologist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Heart+2+Sizes+Too+Small%3F+Mr.+Grinch%2C+See+Your+Cardiologist&rft.date=2017-12-22&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2017%2F12%2F22%2F571998558%2Fheart-2-sizes-too-small-mr-grinch-see-your-cardiologist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Size&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/biggity" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:biggity">biggity</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/resize" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:resize">resize</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/resized" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:resized">resized</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/resizing" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:resizing">resizing</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/size" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:size">size</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Size" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Size">Size</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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