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<span>Lotus Elan 1500, 1600, S2, S1,S3, S4, Sprint</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lotus_Elan_1500,_1600,_S2,_S1,S3,_S4,_Sprint-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lotus Elan 1500, 1600, S2, S1,S3, S4, Sprint subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lotus_Elan_1500,_1600,_S2,_S1,S3,_S4,_Sprint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Drive_train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drive_train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Drive train</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drive_train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suspension,_steering,_braking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suspension,_steering,_braking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Suspension, steering, braking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suspension,_steering,_braking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_component_suppliers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_component_suppliers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Major component suppliers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_component_suppliers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span>Weight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sub_assemblies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub_assemblies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.6</span> <span>Sub assemblies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub_assemblies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Reviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Owners,_drivers_and_in_the_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Owners,_drivers_and_in_the_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Owners, drivers and in the media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Owners,_drivers_and_in_the_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series_(model)_differences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_(model)_differences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Series (model) differences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_(model)_differences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Price" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Price"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>Price</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Price-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparative_pricing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparative_pricing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.2</span> <span>Comparative pricing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparative_pricing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collectibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collectibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Collectibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collectibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_Values" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_Values"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Current Values</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_Values-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elan_+2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elan_+2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Elan +2</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elan_+2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elan +2 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elan_+2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elan_(M100)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elan_(M100)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Elan (M100)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elan_(M100)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elan (M100) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elan_(M100)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Handling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engine_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engine_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engine_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Braking_and_suspension_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Braking_and_suspension_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Braking and suspension components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Braking_and_suspension_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Series 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kia_Elan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kia_Elan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Kia Elan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kia_Elan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013_Elan_concept_show_car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_Elan_concept_show_car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>2013 Elan concept show car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_Elan_concept_show_car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lotus Elan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لوتس إيلان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لوتس إيلان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لوتوس الان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوتوس الان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%ED%84%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%97%98%EB%9E%80" title="로터스 엘란 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로터스 엘란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="ロータス・エラン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロータス・エラン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Elan" title="Lotus Elan – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Lotus Elan" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOTUS_ELAN" title="LOTUS ELAN – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="LOTUS ELAN" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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title="Lotus 26">Lotus 26</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Motor vehicle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C0C0C0; padding:0.25em 1em; text-align:center;">Lotus Elan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Four_Elans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Four_Elans.jpg/280px-Four_Elans.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Four_Elans.jpg/420px-Four_Elans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Four_Elans.jpg/560px-Four_Elans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Top (from left to right): S4 DHC, S3 FHC; Bottom (from left to right): M100, +2</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus Cars</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Body and chassis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">Class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">Sports car</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive</a> (1962–1975)<br /><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front-engine, front-wheel-drive</a> (1989–1995)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Chronology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Elise" title="Lotus Elise">Lotus Elise</a> (for Lotus Elan M100)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lotus Elan</b> is the name of two separate ranges of automobiles produced by <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus Cars</a>. The first series of cars was produced between 1962 and 1975 as a rear-wheel drive vehicle. The second series was produced between 1989 and 1995 as a front-wheel drive vehicle. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first range of cars (1962–1975) comprised: </p> <ul><li>Two seater sports cars: <ul><li>Lotus <i>Type 26</i> drop head coupé (DHC) marketed as the Elan 1500, Elan 1600, and Elan S2 (Series 2).</li> <li>Lotus <i>Type 36</i> fixed head coupé (FHC) marketed as the Elan S3, the Elan S4 and, lastly, in a higher performance model, the Elan Sprint.</li> <li>Lotus <i>Type 45</i> drop head coupé, replacing the Type 26, delivered in parallel with the Type 36 in S3, S4 and Sprint form.</li> <li>Lotus <i>Type 26R</i> racing version of the Type 26.</li></ul></li> <li>Four seater sports car (rear seats suitable for children): <ul><li>Lotus <i>Type 50</i>, fixed head coupé, marketed as the Elan +2.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>After the S2 was released the original Elan 1500 and Elan 1600 models were typically referred to as the S1 (Series 1) although the car was never explicitly marketed as such. Today, all models (S1-Sprint) are often cited collectively as the 1960s Elans. </p><p>The second range of cars (1989–1995) comprised: </p> <ul><li>Two seater sports cars: <ul><li>Lotus <i>Type M100</i> drop head coupé, initially marketed as the Elan S1 and, later, for the UK market, the Elan S2.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>This second model was also produced in South Korea by <a href="/wiki/Kia_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Kia Motors">Kia Motors</a> between 1996 and 1999, rebadged as the <a href="#Kia_Elan">Kia Elan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lotus_Elan_1500,_1600,_S2,_S1,S3,_S4,_Sprint"><span id="Lotus_Elan_1500.2C_1600.2C_S2.2C_S1.2CS3.2C_S4.2C_Sprint"></span>Lotus Elan 1500, 1600, S2, S1,S3, S4, Sprint</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lotus Elan 1500, 1600, S2, S1,S3, S4, Sprint"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Motor vehicle</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox hproduct"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C0C0C0; padding:0.25em 1em; text-align:center;">Lotus Elan 1500, 1600, S2, S3, S4, Sprint</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_S4_drop_head_coupe_(front_flank).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lotus_Elan_S4_drop_head_coupe_%28front_flank%29.jpg/280px-Lotus_Elan_S4_drop_head_coupe_%28front_flank%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lotus_Elan_S4_drop_head_coupe_%28front_flank%29.jpg/420px-Lotus_Elan_S4_drop_head_coupe_%28front_flank%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lotus_Elan_S4_drop_head_coupe_%28front_flank%29.jpg/560px-Lotus_Elan_S4_drop_head_coupe_%28front_flank%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3605" data-file-height="1649" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production</th><td class="infobox-data">1962–1973</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Assembly</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheshunt" title="Cheshunt">Cheshunt</a>, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hethel" title="Hethel">Hethel</a>, England</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Designer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Hickman" title="Ron Hickman">Ron Hickman</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Body and chassis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">Body style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>2-door <a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">coupé</a></li> <li>2-door <a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">roadster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Powertrain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">Engine</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,498 cc later 1,558 cc <i><a href="/wiki/Lotus-Ford_Twin_Cam" title="Lotus-Ford Twin Cam">Lotus TwinCam</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Inline-four_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Inline-four engine">I4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">petrol</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanical_device)" title="Transmission (mechanical device)">Transmission</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">4-speed <a href="/wiki/Manual_transmission" title="Manual transmission">manual</a> (all synchromesh)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Dimensions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Wheelbase" title="Wheelbase">Wheelbase</a></th><td class="infobox-data">84.0 in (2,134 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">145.0 in (3,683 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">56.0 in (1,422 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">45.5 in (1,156 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kerb_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerb weight">Kerb weight</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Approximately 1,500 lb (680 kg)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Chronology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Type 14 <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Elite" title="Lotus Elite">Lotus Elite</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Type 79 <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Esprit" title="Lotus Esprit">Lotus Esprit</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lotus Elan was the first Lotus road car to use a steel <a href="/wiki/Backbone_chassis" title="Backbone chassis">backbone chassis</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Fibreglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibreglass">fibreglass</a> body. This style of construction was to be repeated in subsequent Lotus models for nearly three decades. At approximately 1,500 lb (680 kg), the Elan embodied <a href="/wiki/Colin_Chapman" title="Colin Chapman">Colin Chapman's</a> minimum weight design philosophy. The Elan was technologically advanced with a <a href="/wiki/DOHC" class="mw-redirect" title="DOHC">DOHC</a> 1,558 cc <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">engine</a>, four-wheel <a href="/wiki/Disc_brake" title="Disc brake">disc brakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rack_and_pinion" title="Rack and pinion">rack and pinion</a> steering, and 4-wheel <a href="/wiki/Independent_suspension" title="Independent suspension">independent suspension</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Murray" title="Gordon Murray">Gordon Murray</a>, designer of the <a href="/wiki/McLaren_F1" title="McLaren F1">McLaren F1</a> <a href="/wiki/Supercar" title="Supercar">supercar</a>, reportedly said that his only disappointment with the McLaren F1 was that he could not give it the perfect steering of the Lotus Elan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, <i><a href="/wiki/Sports_Car_International" title="Sports Car International">Sports Car International</a></i> named the Elan number six on the list of <a href="/wiki/Sports_Car_International_Top_Sports_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports Car International Top Sports Cars">Top Sports Cars of the 1960s</a>. The original version of the car was designed by <a href="/wiki/Ron_Hickman" title="Ron Hickman">Ron Hickman</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who also designed the first <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Europa" title="Lotus Europa">Lotus Europa</a> as part of Lotus' GT40 project bid and made his fortune having designed the <a href="/wiki/Black_%26_Decker_Workmate" title="Black & Decker Workmate">Black & Decker Workmate</a>. </p><p>Because of its successful design and rigorous attention to cost control on the body, chassis, engine and transmission, the Elan become Lotus' first commercial success and contributed to the funding of its achievements in racing over the next ten years. It revived a company stretched thin by the more exotic, expensive to build, and rather unreliable <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Elite" title="Lotus Elite">Lotus Elite</a>, which used a fiberglass monocoque body/chassis and all aluminium <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Climax_FW" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Climax FW">Coventry Climax</a> engine. </p><p>The original Elan 1500 was introduced in 1962 as a <a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">roadster</a>. After a very short production run of just 22 cars the engine was enlarged and the car was re-designated the Elan 1600.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An optional <a href="/wiki/Hardtop" title="Hardtop">hardtop</a> was also offered. The Elan 1600 of 1963 was replaced by the Elan S2 in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-Sedgwick_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sedgwick-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1965 the Type 36, a fixed head coupé version of the car, was introduced while in 1966 the drop head coupé Type 26 was replaced by the Type 45. Both Types, 36 & 45, were offered initially in S3 form, followed in 1968 in S4 form, and finally in 1970 as the Elan Sprint.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production of the Sprint ceased in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-Sedgwick_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sedgwick-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The standard S2, S3 & S4 models were also available in a slightly more powerful and luxurious "Special Equipment" variant, generally referred to as the SE (e.g. Lotus Elan S3 SE). </p><p>In the UK the Elan was offered as a fully assembled vehicle and, for tax avoidance purposes, as a lower cost kit for final assembly by the customer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The total production number for the Lotus Elan is not definitively known; however John Bolster, in his book "The Lotus Elan and Europa: A Collector's Guide", provides a number of 12,224 (S1-3: 7,895; S4: 2,976; Sprint: 1,353).<sup id="cite_ref-bolster_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bolster-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This number was occasionally used by Lotus itself. See below for +2 production. </p><p>Meanwhile, Paul Robinshaw and Christopher Ross, in their book "The Original 1962–1973 Lotus Elan", assert that Lotus' somewhat erratic record keeping at the time meant that vehicle serial numbers were not entirely sequential or consistent. Their assessment suggests the actual count to be in the range 8,676-9,153 (S1: 900; S2: 1,250; S3: 2,650; S4: 2976-3,000; Sprint: 900-1353).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of April 2018, the voluntary, and thus inevitably incomplete, Lotus Elan registry lists approximately 1,100 known remaining vehicles (including approximately 330 +2 models) in over 30 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-registry_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-registry-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basic structure of the Lotus Elan comprised a fabricated mild steel backbone chassis, similar to a double ended tuning fork, and a fibreglass body. The chassis was the primary stressed component, providing the necessary bending and torsional rigidity. The fibreglass body was solidly bolted to the chassis at 16 points, fitting over it like a saddle. While not highly stressed the body nevertheless added to the overall rigidity of the structure. As such, the chassis should more properly be considered a <a href="/wiki/Subframe" title="Subframe">subframe</a> - it is readily changeable and most Elans on the road today have had a new chassis fitted at some point, either due to accident or decay. </p><p>The engine & gearbox are located between the front fork arms and the differential between the rear fork arms. The front & rear suspensions attach to the ends of their respective arms (turrets at the end of the arms hold the suspension springs & dampers). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Ford_TwinCam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lotus_Ford_TwinCam.jpg/220px-Lotus_Ford_TwinCam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lotus_Ford_TwinCam.jpg/330px-Lotus_Ford_TwinCam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lotus_Ford_TwinCam.jpg/440px-Lotus_Ford_TwinCam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2640" data-file-height="3088" /></a><figcaption>Pre-restoration engine showing Ford bottom end and Lotus head, timing chest, cam cover</figcaption></figure> <p>This design resulted in light weight, high rigidity (by contemporary standards), and easy driver/passenger access through wide door openings with low sills. Driver and passenger protection from front and rear impact was acceptable for its time, but side impact protection was minimal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drive_train">Drive train</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Drive train"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The engine, gearbox and differential were all sourced from <a href="/wiki/Ford_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford UK">Ford UK</a> components. See below for details on the engine. The gearbox was a high volume unit used widely across the Ford range (<a href="/wiki/Ford_Anglia" title="Ford Anglia">Anglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Cortina" title="Ford Cortina">Cortina</a>, etc.). Lotus offered regular and close ratio versions. The differential unit was also sourced from Ford but converted for <a href="/wiki/Independent_suspension" title="Independent suspension">independent rear suspension</a> use (contemporary Ford cars used <a href="/wiki/Beam_axle" title="Beam axle">live rear axles</a>). Three differential ratios were offered at various times during the production life of the vehicle: 3.55, 3.77 and 3.9. Most Elans were fitted with 3.77 differentials. 3.90 differentials, which provided the best acceleration, were often favored by purchasers of early cars, while 3.55 differentials became more common in later cars (especially the more powerful Sprints) to provide more relaxed cruising on newly built highways. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_differential.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lotus_Elan_differential.jpg/220px-Lotus_Elan_differential.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lotus_Elan_differential.jpg/330px-Lotus_Elan_differential.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lotus_Elan_differential.jpg/440px-Lotus_Elan_differential.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Differential: Ford gearcase, Lotus rear carrier, Rotoflex drive-flange</figcaption></figure> <p>The final drive used four <a href="/wiki/Giubo" title="Giubo">Rotoflex couplings</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to connect the differential output shafts to the rear hubs. These "rubber doughnut" couplings were widely used at the time for road vehicles (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Hillman_Imp" title="Hillman Imp">Hillman Imp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triumph_GT6" title="Triumph GT6">Triumph GT6</a>) and racing (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ford_GT40" title="Ford GT40">Ford GT40</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lotus_21" title="Lotus 21">Lotus 21</a>), prior to the availability of <a href="/wiki/Constant-velocity_joint" title="Constant-velocity joint">constant velocity (CV) joints</a>. In the case of the Elan, which had exceptionally supple rear suspension that allowed significant vertical wheel travel, the deformation of the Rotoflexes in operation resulted in some "wind up" of the couplings. This could be readily detected by the driver, especially at takeoff and during gear changes, and was slightly disconcerting when driving an Elan for the first time. In practice drivers typically adjusted their clutch technique within a few minutes and no longer noticed it. In recent years the uncertain quality of replacement Rotoflex couplings, combined with the availability of half-shafts built with CV joints, has resulted in many Elans being converted from Rotoflex to CV joint drive. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_Rear_Suspension_Hub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lotus_Elan_Rear_Suspension_Hub.jpg/220px-Lotus_Elan_Rear_Suspension_Hub.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lotus_Elan_Rear_Suspension_Hub.jpg/330px-Lotus_Elan_Rear_Suspension_Hub.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lotus_Elan_Rear_Suspension_Hub.jpg/440px-Lotus_Elan_Rear_Suspension_Hub.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Rear hub showing Chapman Strut suspension</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotoflex-coupling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rotoflex-coupling.jpg/220px-Rotoflex-coupling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rotoflex-coupling.jpg/330px-Rotoflex-coupling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rotoflex-coupling.jpg/440px-Rotoflex-coupling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Rotoflex drive coupling</figcaption></figure> <p>A notable feature of the drive train design was its use of standard, mass-produced components in combination with a minimal number of specialized aluminium castings to create a power unit and transmission suitable for a high performance sports car: </p> <ol><li>The engine head and timing chest. Converted the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Kent_engine" title="Ford Kent engine">Ford Kent</a> pushrod engine into a twin overhead cam engine.</li> <li>The differential rear cover & carrier. Converted a <a href="/wiki/Beam_axle" title="Beam axle">live axle</a> to <a href="/wiki/Independent_suspension" title="Independent suspension">independent suspension</a> operation.</li> <li>The rear wheel hubs. Required for the <a href="/wiki/Chapman_strut" title="Chapman strut">Chapman Strut</a> rear suspension.</li></ol> <p>These three items were unique to the Elan (although the engine was subsequently used widely in other vehicles). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Engine">Engine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1,558 cc "<a href="/wiki/Lotus_TwinCam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus TwinCam">Lotus TwinCam</a>" engine was based on the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Kent_engine#Pre-Crossflow" title="Ford Kent engine">Ford Kent Pre-Crossflow</a> four-cylinder 1,498 cc engine, with a <a href="/wiki/Harry_Mundy" title="Harry Mundy">Harry Mundy</a>-designed two-valve alloy chain-driven twin-cam head. The rights to this design was later purchased by Ford, which renamed it the "Lotus-Ford Twin Cam". It would go on to be used in a number of Ford and Lotus production and racing models. </p><p>Lotus reported different power outputs for the Twin Cam engine during the production of the Elan. Prior to the release of the Sprint the following outputs were reported in the Workshop Manual:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Model</th> <th>Power</th> <th>rpm </th></tr> <tr> <td>Std</td> <td>105 bhp (78 kW)</td> <td>5,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SE</td> <td>108 bhp (81 kW)</td> <td>6,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Model</th> <th>Torque</th> <th>rpm </th></tr> <tr> <td>Std/SE</td> <td>108 lb⋅ft (146 N⋅m)</td> <td>4,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lotus marketing material from the S3 period quoted the SE variant at 115 bhp (86 kW), noting high lift cams, carburetor re-jetting and a four branch exhaust.<sup id="cite_ref-InfoSheet_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InfoSheet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The final version of the Workshop Manual revised these numbers, as shown in the following tables.<sup id="cite_ref-lateman_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lateman-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The increased power of the Sprint engine was primarily due to slightly larger inlet valves, so it was named the <i>Big Valve</i> engine (it has been widely reported that the combination of 'hotter cams', rejetting the carbs and big valves improved performance of the 115 bhp SE by only 11 bhp. As a marketing exercise to increase sales of the new Sprint model, Chapman saw to it that published bhp figures for existing models be downgraded to increase the apparent improvement in performance): </p> <table class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Model</th> <th>Power (net)</th> <th>rpm </th></tr> <tr> <td>Std</td> <td>90 bhp (67 kW)</td> <td>5,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SE</td> <td>93 bhp (69 kW)</td> <td>6,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sprint</td> <td>126 bhp (94 kW)</td> <td>6,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sprint Emission<sup id="cite_ref-emission_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emission-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>113 bhp (84 kW)</td> <td>6,500 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Model</th> <th>Torque</th> <th>rpm </th></tr> <tr> <td>except Sprint</td> <td>108 lb⋅ft (146 N⋅m)</td> <td>4,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sprint</td> <td>113 lb⋅ft (153 N⋅m)</td> <td>5,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sprint Emission<sup id="cite_ref-emission_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emission-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>104 lb⋅ft (141 N⋅m)</td> <td>5,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suspension,_steering,_braking"><span id="Suspension.2C_steering.2C_braking"></span>Suspension, steering, braking</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Suspension, steering, braking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Elan utilized modern technologies for its suspension, steering and brakes. The overall design was simple and easily maintained. In common with many Lotus cars they were perhaps the Elan's most highly regarded features. </p> <ul><li><i>Front suspension:</i> The front suspension was based on <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> wheel uprights & steering components while the remaining pieces were of Lotus design. The layout was a classic <a href="/wiki/Double_wishbone_suspension" title="Double wishbone suspension">double wishbone</a> arrangement with coilover springs and shock absorbers. Each "wishbone" consisted of two separate arms, with the upper pair connected to a ball joint at the top of the suspension upright and the bottom pair connected to a trunnion joint at the base of the upright. The bottom pair also held the base of the shock absorber and coil spring assembly (the top being connected to its chassis suspension tower). Similarly, the steering was of classic <a href="/wiki/Rack_and_pinion" title="Rack and pinion">rack and pinion</a> design, the Triumph rack (originally acquired from <a href="/wiki/Alford_%26_Alder" title="Alford & Alder">Alford & Alder</a>) being modified for the Elan's narrow track with custom track rods and rack collars that set the minimum turning radius. The steering, 2 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> turns lock-to-lock, was not power assisted, which allowed for the visceral steering feel for which the Elan was famous.</li> <li><i>Rear suspension:</i> The <a href="/wiki/Chapman_strut" title="Chapman strut">Chapman Strut</a> rear suspension was designed and manufactured by Lotus. A single <a href="/wiki/Brazing" title="Brazing">brazed</a> "A frame" wishbone was bolted to each side of the base of a cast aluminum upright/wheel-hub, and to the chassis at two, widely set, points. The shock absorber and coil spring strut was integrated into the upright and bolted via a rubber "Lotocone" coupling to its chassis suspension tower. This resulted in a simple design with just three chassis connection points.</li> <li><i>Brakes:</i> The disc brakes (9.5 in (241 mm) front and 10.0 in (254 mm) rear) were supplied by <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Industries#Girling" title="Lucas Industries">Girling</a>. Most Elans used a single hydraulic circuit although Federal cars were fitted with dual circuits. Early Elan brake systems were not servo assisted, but servos were fitted to SE and later models. In practice the Elan was light enough that power assistance for the brakes was not required, so the provision of servo assistance may have offered a marketing benefit as much as a functional benefit.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Major_component_suppliers">Major component suppliers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Major component suppliers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lotus relied heavily on suppliers of mass-produced parts to create the Elan. These included: </p> <ul><li>Engine/Gearbox/Differential from <a href="/wiki/Ford_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford UK">Ford UK</a>.</li> <li>Front suspension and steering from <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> (Herald/Spitfire/Vitesse).</li> <li>Electrical systems from <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Industries" title="Lucas Industries">Lucas</a> (dynamo, starter, wiring, relays, ignition, lighting, etc.).</li> <li>Instrumentation & other electrical from <a href="/wiki/Smiths_Group" title="Smiths Group">Smiths</a> (speedometer, tachometer, heater, etc.).</li> <li>Carburetors from <a href="/wiki/Weber_carburetor" class="mw-redirect" title="Weber carburetor">Weber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dell%27Orto" title="Dell'Orto">Dell'Orto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zenith_Carburettor_Company_(British)" title="Zenith Carburettor Company (British)">Zenith-Stromberg</a> (depending on model).</li> <li>Brakes from <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Industries#Girling" title="Lucas Industries">Girling</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Weight">Weight</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Weight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with all Lotus cars, attention to minimizing weight was a major factor during the Elan's design and manufacture. Its diminutive size (while offering room for drivers over 6 ft (1.83 m) tall and practical luggage carrying capacity) provided the foundation for its low weight. </p><p>The Workshop Manual lists the following weights:<sup id="cite_ref-lateman_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lateman-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Model</th> <th>Weight (lbs) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Series 1</td> <td>1,410 lb (640 kg) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Series 2</td> <td>1,485 lb (674 kg) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Series 3 Coupé Std/SE</td> <td>1,520 lb (689 kg)/1,530 lb (694 kg) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Series 3 Convertible Std/SE</td> <td>1,530 lb (694 kg)/1,540 lb (699 kg) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Series 4 (inc. Sprint) Coupé Std/SE</td> <td>1,540 lb (699 kg)/1,550 lb (703 kg) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Series 4 (inc. Sprint) Convertible Std/SE</td> <td>1,530 lb (694 kg)/1,540 lb (699 kg) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lotus marketing material from the S1 period quoted the weight as "11 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> cwt" (1,288 lb (584 kg))<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from the S3 period quoted as "from 1,232 lb" (558 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-InfoSheet_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InfoSheet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, reported weights in magazine road tests varied from 1,260 lb (572 kg) (Elan 1600, Cars Illustrated, August 1964) to 1,630 lb (739 kg) (S4 FHC SE, Road & Track, January 1969).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The figures above show that the weight of the vehicle changed during its production lifetime, in general tending to increase. Additional features such as electric windows, more luxurious carpeting, and larger wheels and tyres all contributing to the gain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sub_assemblies">Sub assemblies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sub assemblies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chassis: 88 lb (40 kg) - anecdotal reports in www.lotuselan.net suggest that the weight was around 75 lb (34 kg).</li> <li>Body: 199 lb (90 kg) (per contract with S. Bourne & Co for early body shell construction, with subsequent variations due to DHC/FHC and S1-4 model differences). <ul><li>Door shell (without window assembly): 11 lb (5 kg)</li> <li>Hood/bonnet: 13.5 lb (6 kg)</li> <li>Boot/trunk lid: 12 lb (5 kg)</li></ul></li> <li>Engine: 260 lb (118 kg).</li> <li>Gearbox: 84 lb (38 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Differential: 46 lb (21 kg).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance">Performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The performance of the Elan was derived from the combination of its powerful engine (by contemporary standards) and light weight. The roadholding and agility of the car also meant that high speeds could be maintained on corners, which allowed for high average speeds. </p> <blockquote><p>By contemporary standards, the Sprint was an exceptionally rapid car and quite lived up to its name. It embarrassed almost every other supercar at the time in terms of outright acceleration up to about 90 mph. This electrifying performance was accentuated by the brilliant handling and road holding, allied to the small size and weight of the Elan, which meant that a well driven Elan on a dry road could outclass any other non-Lotus road car.<sup id="cite_ref-performance_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-performance-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Although performance results achieved by testers are affected by many variables (e.g. differential ratio, weather/road conditions, gross vehicle weight, DHC vs. FHC, etc.) the following tables provide an overview of the car's capabilities. </p><p>The following excerpt from Robinshaw & Ross summarizes Elan performance for each Series:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Model</th> <th>Diff ratio</th> <th>0-60 mph (97 km/h)</th> <th>0-100 mph (161 km/h)</th> <th>Top speed</th> <th>Source</th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td>1600</td> <td>3.9</td> <td>9.0 sec</td> <td>24.1 sec</td> <td>112.5 mph (181 km/h)</td> <td><i>Motor</i></td> <td>26 September 1964 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Series 2</td> <td>3.9</td> <td>9.2 sec</td> <td>23.8 sec</td> <td>108 mph (174 km/h)</td> <td><i>Motor Sport</i></td> <td>February 1965 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Series 3 DHC SE</td> <td>3.55</td> <td>8.0 sec</td> <td>27.3 sec</td> <td>119 mph (192 km/h)</td> <td><i>Road & Track</i></td> <td>November 1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Series 4 DHC SE</td> <td>3.77</td> <td>7.3 sec</td> <td>20.0 sec</td> <td>120 mph (193 km/h)</td> <td><i>Motor</i></td> <td>18 April 1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sprint DHC</td> <td>3.77</td> <td>6.6 sec</td> <td>19.0 sec</td> <td>123 mph (198 km/h)</td> <td><i>Car</i></td> <td>June 1971 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> </tr></tbody><caption><i>Zero to 60 Times</i> and <i>Car Folio</i> report </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Model</th> <th>0-60 mph (97 km/h)</th> <th>Quarter mile </th></tr> <tr> <td>1967<sup id="cite_ref-0to60_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0to60-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Elan SE</td> <td>7.9 sec</td> <td>16.1 sec </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Elan S3 SE</td> <td>7.6 sec</td> <td>15.7 sec </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964<sup id="cite_ref-0to60_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0to60-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Elan 1600</td> <td>8.6 sec</td> <td>16.2 sec </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A few additional figures for the Sprint:<sup id="cite_ref-performance_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-performance-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Lotus Elan Sprint </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Source</th> <th>Date</th> <th>0-60 mph (97 km/h)</th> <th>0-100 mph (161 km/h)</th> <th>Top speed</th> <th>Average fuel consumption (mpg) </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Motor</i></td> <td>March 1971</td> <td>6.7 sec</td> <td>20.3 sec</td> <td>121 mph (195 km/h)</td> <td>22.2 mpg<sub>‑imp</sub> (13 L/100 km; 18 mpg<sub>‑US</sub>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Car & Car Conversions</i></td> <td>May 1972</td> <td>6.4 sec</td> <td>19.9 sec</td> <td>122 mph (196 km/h)</td> <td>22–23 mpg<sub>‑imp</sub> (13–12 L/100 km; 18–19 mpg<sub>‑US</sub>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Autosport</i></td> <td>February 1973</td> <td>6.6 sec</td> <td>19.8 sec</td> <td>121 mph (195 km/h)</td> <td>20–25 mpg<sub>‑imp</sub> (14–11 L/100 km; 17–21 mpg<sub>‑US</sub>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reviews">Reviews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Elan was widely admired and praised by customers and reviewers, noted for its exceptional handling, roadholding, steering, acceleration, braking and comfort: </p> <blockquote><p><i>Car and Driver</i>: The Elan very simply represents the sports car developed in tune with the state of the art. It comes closer than anything else on the market to providing a Formula car for ordinary street use. And it fits like a Sprite, goes like a Corvette, and handles like a Formula Junior. Driving it is very simply another sort of automotive experience altogether. Most people tend to come back from their first ride a little bit glassy-eyed...<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <blockquote><p><i>Road and Track</i>: The light and tactile steering, combined with supple suspension and a weird, physics-defying sense of zero weight transfer in corners, provides a sensation akin to flying just over the ground. I'm convinced there's a powerful pleasure center in the brain that remains untapped until you drive an Elan. It's almost a drug.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <blockquote><p><i>Motor Sport</i>: The tremendously responsive steering and handling requires similar qualities from the driver and the speeds achieved round corners and on the straight are deceptively fast. This, therefore, calls for a lot of concentration on the driver's part. Once mastered, however, the Elan is the nearest thing to a single-seater racing car one is likely to be able to drive comfortably on the road. To master the car and explore its tremendous handling potential along that delightfully twisty piece of road one knows so well is close on perfection for the sporting motorist.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Influence">Influence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the structure of the Elan followed an entirely traditional approach for sports cars of the time - <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">front engine, rear wheel drive</a> - its design included novel ideas that found their way into the designs of other manufacturers' vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples include: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Mazda_MX-5" title="Mazda MX-5">Mazda MX-5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mazda_Miata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazda Miata">Mazda Miata</a> in North America). The original Elan is usually credited as being the design inspiration for this sports car in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two Elans were intimately evaluated by Mazda in the process of designing the MX-5.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Toyota_2000GT" title="Toyota 2000GT">Toyota 2000GT</a>. This sports car used a chassis that bears a striking resemblance to the Lotus Elan.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The car designer and engineer <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Murray" title="Gordon Murray">Gordon Murray</a> said "Series 3 Lotus Elan... it's still, in my opinion, probably the best-handling sports car that's ever been made... If anybody wants to know what good steering is, just jump in the 60s Elan."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Owners,_drivers_and_in_the_media"><span id="Owners.2C_drivers_and_in_the_media"></span>Owners, drivers and in the media</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Owners, drivers and in the media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This generation of the two-seater Elan was famously driven by <a href="/wiki/Diana_Rigg" title="Diana Rigg">Diana Rigg</a> in the character of <a href="/wiki/Emma_Peel" title="Emma Peel">Emma Peel</a> in the 1960s British television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(TV_series)" title="The Avengers (TV series)">The Avengers</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reference to a car accident in the Beatles song "<a href="/wiki/A_Day_in_the_Life" title="A Day in the Life">A Day in the Life</a>" was apocryphally based on <a href="/wiki/Tara_Browne" title="Tara Browne">Tara Browne</a>'s fatal accident in his Lotus Elan.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Famous celebrities, past & present, who owned and/or drove a Lotus Elan include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a> - English comedian.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Clark" title="Jim Clark">Jim Clark</a> - Scottish racing driver.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> - American actor.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Leno" title="Jay Leno">Jay Leno</a> - American TV personality.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crawford" title="Michael Crawford">Michael Crawford</a> - English actor, singer, comedian.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Redding" title="Noel Redding">Noel Redding</a> - English rock musician (Jimi Hendrix Experience & Fat Mattress).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racing">Racing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Despite the fact that the Lotus Elan has been (and continues to be<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) used extensively for racing it was Lotus' first car that was not designed with racing in mind. (The earlier Lotus Elite was designed as a road car and also to compete in high-efficiency classes at <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="24 Hours of Le Mans">Le Mans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Nevertheless, because owners assumed that all Lotus cars were designed for racing, it soon found its way onto the track, however unsuitable. Lotus resisted modifying the car to make it more suitable for racing but eventually created a racing version of the Elan. Robinshaw/Ross quote <a href="/wiki/Colin_Chapman" title="Colin Chapman">Colin Chapman</a>:</p><blockquote><p><i>"When we announced the Elan we said 'This is a touring car, it is not intended for racing and have done no competition development on it.' The fact that customers bought them and tried to race them was originally no concern of ours, but in the second year we thought, well, if these people insist on racing them then we'd better get down to some proper development. They were too softly sprung, too softly damped, tore their doughnuts apart and had all sorts of drama, but it was the name, and people thought they must be racing cars."</i></p></blockquote><p><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The result of the "proper development" was the Type 26R version of the Elan, offered from 1964 at £1995 in kit form.<sup id="cite_ref-racing_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-racing-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Motor Sport: <i>Mechanically, the 26R differed by featuring racing lightweight competition-spec wishbones, sliding spline driveshafts in place of rubber joints, bigger anti-roll bars and a degree of reinforcement around the suspension pick-up points. Pedals were repositioned to aid heel-and-toeing, dual circuit brakes with twin master cylinders and light alloy calipers coming as standard. As did a 140bhp Cosworth-tuned 'four' although up to 160bhp was offered in time.</i><sup id="cite_ref-racing_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-racing-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Other changes included flared wheel arches, which allowed for larger wheels and tires, and a lighter body shell. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_(model)_differences"><span id="Series_.28model.29_differences"></span>Series (model) differences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Series (model) differences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The table below provides a simplified summary of Elan updates and changes associated with each Series. It is notable that the fundamentals of the car changed very little during its eleven years of production. </p><p>Each Series provided a general refresh of the car, incorporating new, modern features (e.g. electric windows, larger tires, power washers & windows, hazard & reversing lamps) and updated cosmetics (e.g. improved sound proofing and carpeting, improved DHC hood (roof) design, Sprint color scheme). </p><p>However, as a low volume manufacturer, Lotus' processes were flexible enough to change the components used during construction at will. As a result, significant variations could exist between cars of the same Series. </p><p>Ongoing changes were frequently necessary for a variety of reasons: component availability from suppliers; price changes; the need to meet regulatory requirements (especially for Federal vehicles); model year enhancements; and the phase-in & phase-out of stock during the transition to the next Series. </p><p>Lotus promoted the potential variation between vehicles by stating in its documentation: <i>Lotus policy is one of continuous product improvement and the right is reserved to alter specifications at any time without prior notice.</i><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Model</th> <th>New features<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Series 1</td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;width: 650px"> <ul><li>Original model</li> <li>Optional hard top and tonneau cover</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Series 2</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;width: 650px"> <ul><li>Full width polished wooden dashboard (with toggle switches)</li> <li>Availability of <a href="/wiki/Centerlock_wheels" class="mw-redirect" title="Centerlock wheels">knock-on wheels</a> (in addition to bolt-on wheels)</li> <li>Integrated rear lamp cluster (sourced from <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a>)</li> <li>Larger front brake calipers</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Series 3 Std/SE</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;width: 650px"> <ul><li>Fixed head coupé introduced<sup id="cite_ref-bodywork_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bodywork-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Electric windows with chrome glass frame<sup id="cite_ref-bodywork_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bodywork-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Updated DHC hood design, permanently fixed to body with integrated cover<sup id="cite_ref-bodywork_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bodywork-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Enlarged boot/trunk lid by extending to rear transom for improved access<sup id="cite_ref-bodywork_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bodywork-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Full carpeting and additional sound insulation</li> <li>Battery relocated from behind left hand seat to boot/trunk<sup id="cite_ref-bodywork_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bodywork-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Updated steering wheel with <a href="/wiki/Colin_Chapman" title="Colin Chapman">Colin Chapman</a> autograph</li> <li>Dashboard fresh air vents added</li> <li>Bracing strut fitted across rear suspension turrets</li> <li>Reduced front suspension castor angle (from 7 to 3 degrees)</li> <li>Bonnet release moved from top of dashboard to under or at lower edge of dashboard</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Series 4 Std/SE</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;width: 650px"> <ul><li>Flush dashboard rocker switches</li> <li>Updated integrated rear lamp cluster with reversing lights (same as <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_E-Type" title="Jaguar E-Type">Jaguar E-type</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-bodywork_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bodywork-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Two speed wipers</li> <li>Enlarged, flared wheel arches to accommodate larger wheels/tyres (155x13)<sup id="cite_ref-bodywork_45-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bodywork-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Conversion to negative earth</li> <li>Side indicator lights on front wings (or bumpers for Federal cars)</li> <li>Electric windscreen washer</li> <li>New engine head casting for use with Stromberg carburetors for some markets</li> <li>Dual circuit brakes, fail-safe headlamps, seat headrests and emission control induction for Federal cars</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sprint</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;width: 650px"> <ul><li>More powerful "Big Valve" engine</li> <li>Standard two-tone colour scheme to mimic <a href="/wiki/John_Player_%26_Sons" title="John Player & Sons">John Player</a> Gold Leaf cigarette racing sponsorship graphics</li> <li>Differential strengthening brace</li> <li>Hazard lights</li> <li>Heated rear screen for FHC cars</li> <li>Ignition key steering lock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weber_carburetor" class="mw-redirect" title="Weber carburetor">Weber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dell%27Orto" title="Dell'Orto">Dell'Orto</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zenith_Carburettor_Company_(British)" title="Zenith Carburettor Company (British)">Zenith-Stromberg</a> carburetors, based on market and availability</li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Price">Price</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Price"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The price of the Elan changed during its production lifetime. At announcement, in October 1962, the fully built cost was £1,499, although between 1963 and 1966 the factory price was generally 5-10% lower. By the end of production, in April 1973, the fully built cost had increased to £2,436.<sup id="cite_ref-price_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-price-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, throughout its production the Elan was also available in the UK in "kit" form. This was provided for tax avoidance reasons and required the customer to complete the final assembly of the vehicle. The tax savings were considerable, the prices above being reduced to £1,095 and £2,044 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-price_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-price-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kit versions of the Elan were as complete as possible while adhering to tax regulations. The entire chassis, body, electrical systems, final drive/suspension and all trim were delivered fully assembled to the customer. Final construction involved installation of: </p> <ul><li>Engine, gearbox & prop shaft.</li> <li>Front wheel hubs, springs/shock absorbers & anti-roll bar.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Exhaust.</li> <li>Wheels/tyres.</li> <li>Battery.</li> <li>Radiator & hoses.</li></ul> <p>For the typical Lotus customer, an auto enthusiast, final assembly would be undertaken willingly.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When complete the owner would take the car to a Lotus dealer who, after checking that the assembly had been performed correctly, initiated the warranty period. This feature of Elan purchase was quite heavily promoted by Lotus, with print advertisements showing how simple and rewarding it was to complete the construction.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Comparative_pricing">Comparative pricing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Comparative pricing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'The Motor' magazine regularly printed prices for all UK cars. A partial extract from its pages provides comparative pricing for several sports cars of the Elan S1 period. The table also shows that the Elite was significantly more expensive than the Elan: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"> <caption>The Motor - Index to UK Prices - 3 July 1963<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Make/Model</th> <th>Total (inc. taxes)</th> <th>Kit </th></tr> <tr> <td>Lotus Elan 1500</td> <td>£1,317</td> <td>£1,095 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lotus Elite Coupé</td> <td>£1,662</td> <td>£1,299 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lotus Elite Coupé (Special Equipment)</td> <td>£1,862</td> <td>£1,451 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lotus Seven Series II (Ford 109E)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>£519 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Austin Healey 3000 Sports Convertible</td> <td>£1,045</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Austin Mini Cooper S</td> <td>£695</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ferrari 250 G.T. Pininfarina Coupé</td> <td>£5,606</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ford Lotus Cortina</td> <td>£1,100</td> <td>N/A </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Make/Model</th> <th>Total (inc. taxes)</th> <th>Kit </th></tr> <tr> <td>Jaguar E-Type OTS</td> <td>£1,828</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jaguar E-Type F/H Coupé</td> <td>£1,913</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>M.G. Midget</td> <td>£598<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>M.G. B</td> <td>£834</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Porsche 1600 Fixed Head Coupé</td> <td>£1,900</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Porsche 1600-S90 Cabriolet</td> <td>£2,527</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Triumph Spitfire 4</td> <td>£640</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Triumph TR4</td> <td>£906</td> <td>N/A </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collectibility">Collectibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Collectibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1960s/70s Elans are now passing half a century old and, as a well respected Lotus and a fine example of <a href="/wiki/Colin_Chapman" title="Colin Chapman">Colin Chapman</a>'s design philosophy, are valued today as collectors' vehicles. In the UK they have an almost cult-like status among auto enthusiasts, commanding higher prices than elsewhere in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An undocumented number of right hand drive (UK market) Elans have been privately exported to Japan, where they are admired by collectors. As with many English sports cars of the period there are dedicated enthusiasts around the world, especially in Australia, Canada and the USA.<sup id="cite_ref-registry_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-registry-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The simple design of the car, with nearly all parts being readily replaceable, makes it well suited for the collector market. New chassis, bodies and drive train components are all available. There are numerous suppliers of Elan parts and restoration services, worldwide. Conveniently, the fiberglass body is immune to rust. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_Values">Current Values</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Current Values"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Current values vary widely around the world, so the following table provides approximate figures for the UK, based on condition. Early cars (S1 & S2) and Sprints are more highly valued than S3s, which are more highly valued than S4s. </p><p>Generally, Drop Head Coupés have been more highly valued than Fixed Head Coupés and in the past it was not uncommon to convert FHCs to DHCs, making FHCs rarer. This has tended to stabilize the value of FHC cars. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Approximate 2018 values </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Condition</th> <th>UK £ (thousands)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Poor/restoration</td> <td>Teens </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fair</td> <td>Mid teens </td></tr> <tr> <td>Good</td> <td>Low twenties </td></tr> <tr> <td>Excellent</td> <td>Low thirties </td></tr> <tr> <td>Concours</td> <td>Low forties </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 25 February 2023, Silverstone Auctions Ltd. auctioned seven fully restored Lotus Elans, each featuring a well regarded provenance, from the Piddington Collection. The prices fetched, before 12.5% buyers premium and VAT were:<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1975 Sprint FHC last ever Elan - £40,000</li> <li>1971 Sprint DHC ex-Ron Hickman - £58,000</li> <li>1969 S4 FHC ex-Jochen Rindt - £58,000</li> <li>1966 S3 DHC ex-Diana Rigg (Emma Peel/Avengers) - £146,000</li> <li>1968 S3 DHC ex-Rob Walker - £44,000</li> <li>1968 S4 FDC ex-Keith Duckworth - £32,000</li> <li>1966 S3 DHC ex-Peter Sellers - £66,000</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Elan 1600 and S2:</i> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus-Elan-%2766.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frameless windows"><img alt="Frameless windows" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lotus-Elan-%2766.jpg/150px-Lotus-Elan-%2766.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lotus-Elan-%2766.jpg/225px-Lotus-Elan-%2766.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lotus-Elan-%2766.jpg/300px-Lotus-Elan-%2766.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="381" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frameless windows</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_1600_(rear).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Box style boot/trunk lid"><img alt="Box style boot/trunk lid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lotus_Elan_1600_%28rear%29.jpg/123px-Lotus_Elan_1600_%28rear%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lotus_Elan_1600_%28rear%29.jpg/185px-Lotus_Elan_1600_%28rear%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lotus_Elan_1600_%28rear%29.jpg/246px-Lotus_Elan_1600_%28rear%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3327" data-file-height="2703" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Box style boot/trunk lid</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1963_Lotus_Elan_1600_S1_(4643818094).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rare fitted hardtop"><img alt="Rare fitted hardtop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/1963_Lotus_Elan_1600_S1_%284643818094%29.jpg/150px-1963_Lotus_Elan_1600_S1_%284643818094%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/1963_Lotus_Elan_1600_S1_%284643818094%29.jpg/225px-1963_Lotus_Elan_1600_S1_%284643818094%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/1963_Lotus_Elan_1600_S1_%284643818094%29.jpg/300px-1963_Lotus_Elan_1600_S1_%284643818094%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rare fitted hardtop</div> </li> </ul> <p><i>Elan S3, S4 and Sprint:</i> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_S3_fixed_head_coupe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lotus_Elan_S3_fixed_head_coupe.jpg/140px-Lotus_Elan_S3_fixed_head_coupe.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lotus_Elan_S3_fixed_head_coupe.jpg/209px-Lotus_Elan_S3_fixed_head_coupe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lotus_Elan_S3_fixed_head_coupe.jpg/279px-Lotus_Elan_S3_fixed_head_coupe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3014" data-file-height="2161" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_S3_with_fitted_tonneau_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tonneau cover fitted; full size boot/trunk lid, framed windows"><img alt="Tonneau cover fitted; full size boot/trunk lid, framed windows" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Lotus_Elan_S3_with_fitted_tonneau_cover.jpg/150px-Lotus_Elan_S3_with_fitted_tonneau_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Lotus_Elan_S3_with_fitted_tonneau_cover.jpg/225px-Lotus_Elan_S3_with_fitted_tonneau_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Lotus_Elan_S3_with_fitted_tonneau_cover.jpg/300px-Lotus_Elan_S3_with_fitted_tonneau_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3709" data-file-height="2197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tonneau cover fitted; full size boot/trunk lid, framed windows</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_(2723404335).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fixed head coupé"><img alt="Fixed head coupé" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lotus_Elan_%282723404335%29.jpg/133px-Lotus_Elan_%282723404335%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lotus_Elan_%282723404335%29.jpg/200px-Lotus_Elan_%282723404335%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lotus_Elan_%282723404335%29.jpg/267px-Lotus_Elan_%282723404335%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fixed head coupé</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teignmouth_Classic_Car_Show,_21_April_2013_(20).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Classic Gold Leaf Team Lotus racing livery"><img alt="Classic Gold Leaf Team Lotus racing livery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Teignmouth_Classic_Car_Show%2C_21_April_2013_%2820%29.jpg/133px-Teignmouth_Classic_Car_Show%2C_21_April_2013_%2820%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Teignmouth_Classic_Car_Show%2C_21_April_2013_%2820%29.jpg/200px-Teignmouth_Classic_Car_Show%2C_21_April_2013_%2820%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Teignmouth_Classic_Car_Show%2C_21_April_2013_%2820%29.jpg/267px-Teignmouth_Classic_Car_Show%2C_21_April_2013_%2820%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Classic Gold Leaf Team Lotus racing livery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_Sprint_(Federal).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Convertible roof raised; Headlamps raised"><img alt="Convertible roof raised; Headlamps raised" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lotus_Elan_Sprint_%28Federal%29.jpg/150px-Lotus_Elan_Sprint_%28Federal%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lotus_Elan_Sprint_%28Federal%29.jpg/225px-Lotus_Elan_Sprint_%28Federal%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lotus_Elan_Sprint_%28Federal%29.jpg/300px-Lotus_Elan_Sprint_%28Federal%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2461" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Convertible roof raised; Headlamps raised</div> </li> </ul> <p><i>Chassis - Engine Bay:</i> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_Chassis.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="A bare chassis"><img alt="A bare chassis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Lotus_Elan_Chassis.gif/150px-Lotus_Elan_Chassis.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Lotus_Elan_Chassis.gif/225px-Lotus_Elan_Chassis.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Lotus_Elan_Chassis.gif/300px-Lotus_Elan_Chassis.gif 2x" data-file-width="3988" data-file-height="2585" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A bare <a href="/wiki/Backbone_chassis" title="Backbone chassis">chassis</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_car_chassis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="London Science Museum exhibit (ca. 1960s) Lotus Elan"><img alt="London Science Museum exhibit (ca. 1960s) Lotus Elan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lotus_Elan_car_chassis.jpg/126px-Lotus_Elan_car_chassis.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lotus_Elan_car_chassis.jpg/189px-Lotus_Elan_car_chassis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lotus_Elan_car_chassis.jpg/251px-Lotus_Elan_car_chassis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">London Science Museum exhibit (ca. 1960s) Lotus Elan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_Engine_Bay.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Typical engine bay (Webers, LHD)"><img alt="Typical engine bay (Webers, LHD)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lotus_Elan_Engine_Bay.gif/133px-Lotus_Elan_Engine_Bay.gif" decoding="async" width="133" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lotus_Elan_Engine_Bay.gif/200px-Lotus_Elan_Engine_Bay.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lotus_Elan_Engine_Bay.gif/267px-Lotus_Elan_Engine_Bay.gif 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Typical engine bay (Webers, LHD)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elan_+2"><span id="Elan_.2B2"></span>Elan +2</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Elan +2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Motor vehicle</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox hproduct"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C0C0C0; padding:0.25em 1em; text-align:center;">Lotus Elan +2</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:LotusElan%2B2Side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/LotusElan%2B2Side.jpg/280px-LotusElan%2B2Side.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/LotusElan%2B2Side.jpg/420px-LotusElan%2B2Side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/LotusElan%2B2Side.jpg/560px-LotusElan%2B2Side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production</th><td class="infobox-data">1967–1975</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Assembly</th><td class="infobox-data">England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Designer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Hickman" title="Ron Hickman">Ron Hickman</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Body and chassis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">Body style</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2-door 2+2 <a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">coupé</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Powertrain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">Engine</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,558 cc <i><a href="/wiki/Lotus-Ford_Twin_Cam" title="Lotus-Ford Twin Cam">Lotus TwinCam</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Inline-four_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Inline-four engine">I4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">petrol</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanical_device)" title="Transmission (mechanical device)">Transmission</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">4-speed & 5-speed <a href="/wiki/Manual_transmission" title="Manual transmission">manual</a> (all-synchromesh)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Dimensions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Wheelbase" title="Wheelbase">Wheelbase</a></th><td class="infobox-data">96.0 in (2,438 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">169.0 in (4,293 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">66.0 in (1,676 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">47.0 in (1,194 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kerb_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerb weight">Kerb weight</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Approximately 1,960 lb (889 kg)</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview_2">Overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <b>Elan +2</b> was introduced in 1967 with a longer wheelbase and wider track, and two small rear seats, suitable for children. While the Elan was a two-seater sports car marketed to the single man/woman or young couple, the +2 was larger and considerably more luxurious vehicle marketed to the established family with children. Reviews reflected this new marketplace for Lotus. Motor Sport magazine reported the design goal as: <i>it was decided to increase the interior dimensions considerably to meet the car's maxim that it "must be capable of transporting two adults and two children 1,000 miles in comfort with their luggage"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971 Colin Chapman bought Moonraker Marine / JCL and in 1974 Brian Davey working with the Naval Architect Don Shead on a new boat design was asked to help redesign the replacement for the Europa. This was finally designed by Giugiaro of Italdesign and called the Esprit which started production in 1976. </p><p>While the Elan ceased production in 1973 the Elan +2 continued to be produced until 1975. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_2">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aside from the increase in size necessary to accommodate two additional seats, the design of the Elan +2 was extremely similar to the two seater Elan. The concept of a backbone chassis with fibreglass body, powered by a Ford UK-derived drive train was maintained. <a href="/wiki/Double_wishbone_suspension" title="Double wishbone suspension">Double wishbone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chapman_strut" title="Chapman strut">Chapman Strut</a> front/rear suspension of identical design was also used, with some components (e.g. rear hubs) shared with the two seater Elan and others (e.g. wishbones) increased in size. Power assisted brakes were standard, dual circuit in some markets. </p><p>In 1968 a more luxurious version of the Elan +2 was released, named the +2S. </p><p>In 1971 +2S was upgraded to include the Big Valve engine, and then named the +2S 130. Later models of the +2S 130 were provided with a 5-speed <a href="/wiki/Austin_Maxi" title="Austin Maxi">Austin Maxi</a> based gearbox, which greatly improved its high speed cruising capabilities, named +2S 130/5. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance_2">Performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tested maximum power: 108–126 bhp (81–94 kW) net (depending on the model).</li> <li>Top speed: 120 mph (193 km/h).</li> <li>Acceleration: 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) in 7.9 seconds, 0–100 mph (0–161 km/h) in 21.8 seconds.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production_2">Production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with the two seater Elan, the exact number of +2s produced is unknown. The estimated total is approximately 5,200. However, John Bolster's "The Lotus Elan and Europa: A Collector's Guide" provides a number of 3,300.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fewer than 1,200 of these cars remain on the roads today. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery_2">Gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_%2B2_(rear).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Lotus_Elan_%2B2_%28rear%29.jpg/150px-Lotus_Elan_%2B2_%28rear%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Lotus_Elan_%2B2_%28rear%29.jpg/225px-Lotus_Elan_%2B2_%28rear%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Lotus_Elan_%2B2_%28rear%29.jpg/300px-Lotus_Elan_%2B2_%28rear%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1946" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_%2B2_drop_head_coupe_(front).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="After market conversion from fixed head to drop head"><img alt="After market conversion from fixed head to drop head" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lotus_Elan_%2B2_drop_head_coupe_%28front%29.jpg/150px-Lotus_Elan_%2B2_drop_head_coupe_%28front%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lotus_Elan_%2B2_drop_head_coupe_%28front%29.jpg/225px-Lotus_Elan_%2B2_drop_head_coupe_%28front%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lotus_Elan_%2B2_drop_head_coupe_%28front%29.jpg/300px-Lotus_Elan_%2B2_drop_head_coupe_%28front%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1969" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">After market conversion from fixed head to drop head</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elan_(M100)"><span id="Elan_.28M100.29"></span>Elan (M100)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Elan (M100)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Motor vehicle</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox hproduct"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C0C0C0; padding:0.25em 1em; text-align:center;">Lotus Elan (M100)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_(M100)_registered_August_1991_1588cc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Lotus_Elan_%28M100%29_registered_August_1991_1588cc.jpg/280px-Lotus_Elan_%28M100%29_registered_August_1991_1588cc.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Lotus_Elan_%28M100%29_registered_August_1991_1588cc.jpg/420px-Lotus_Elan_%28M100%29_registered_August_1991_1588cc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Lotus_Elan_%28M100%29_registered_August_1991_1588cc.jpg/560px-Lotus_Elan_%28M100%29_registered_August_1991_1588cc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4367" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also called</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Kia Elan (South Korea)</li> <li>Kia Vigato (Japan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1989–1995 (Lotus)</li> <li>1996–1999 (Kia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Assembly</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>UK: <a href="/wiki/Hethel" title="Hethel">Hethel</a>, England</li> <li>South Korea: <a href="/wiki/Ansan" title="Ansan">Ansan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kia_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Kia Motors">Kia Motors</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Designer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Stevens_(car_designer)" title="Peter Stevens (car designer)">Peter Stevens</a><sup id="cite_ref-ajovalo.net_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajovalo.net-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Body and chassis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">Body style</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2-door <a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">roadster</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front-engine, front-wheel-drive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related</th><td class="infobox-data">Kia KMS-II Concept</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Powertrain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">Engine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1,588 cc <i><a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a> <a href="/wiki/Isuzu_X_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Isuzu X engine">4XE1</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Straight-four_engine" title="Straight-four engine">I4</a></li> <li>1,588 cc <i>Isuzu <a href="/wiki/Isuzu_X_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Isuzu X engine">4XE1-MT</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbo</a> I4</li> <li>1,793 cc <i>Kia T8D Hi-Sprint</i> I4</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanical_device)" title="Transmission (mechanical device)">Transmission</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">5-speed <a href="/wiki/Manual_transmission" title="Manual transmission">manual</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Dimensions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Wheelbase" title="Wheelbase">Wheelbase</a></th><td class="infobox-data">88.6 in (2,250 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">149.7 in (3,803 mm)<br />152.2 in (3,870 mm) (US)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">68.3 in (1,734 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">48.4–48.8 in (1,230–1,240 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kerb_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerb weight">Kerb weight</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,198 lb (997 kg) (NA)<br />2,370–2,447 lb (1,075–1,110 kg) (Turbo)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Elan_M100_Fed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lotus_Elan_M100_Fed.jpg/220px-Lotus_Elan_M100_Fed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lotus_Elan_M100_Fed.jpg/330px-Lotus_Elan_M100_Fed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lotus_Elan_M100_Fed.jpg/440px-Lotus_Elan_M100_Fed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>1991 Lotus Elan – Federal (USA) version</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1996_Lotus_Elan_M100_S2_(21795890442).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/1996_Lotus_Elan_M100_S2_%2821795890442%29.jpg/220px-1996_Lotus_Elan_M100_S2_%2821795890442%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/1996_Lotus_Elan_M100_S2_%2821795890442%29.jpg/330px-1996_Lotus_Elan_M100_S2_%2821795890442%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/1996_Lotus_Elan_M100_S2_%2821795890442%29.jpg/440px-1996_Lotus_Elan_M100_S2_%2821795890442%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>1996 Lotus Elan S2 </figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a> M100 series Elan was launched in August 1989, reviving the Elan nameplate after 14 years. A two-seater convertible sports car with front-wheel drive, designed in-house by Lotus, it featured an engine and <a href="/wiki/Manual_transmission" title="Manual transmission">manual transmission</a> supplied by <a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was built with the development and testing resources of <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>. Around £35 million (about $55 million) was invested in its development,<sup id="cite_ref-sales_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sales-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more than any other car in Lotus history. Its design, featuring a fibreglass composite body over a rigid steel <a href="/wiki/Backbone_chassis" title="Backbone chassis">backbone chassis</a>, was true to Lotus founder <a href="/wiki/Colin_Chapman" title="Colin Chapman">Colin Chapman</a>'s original philosophy of achieving performance through low weight, and the name "Elan" connected the car with its 1960s ancestor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1986 the purchase of Lotus by General Motors provided the financial backing to develop a new, small, affordable car in the same spirit as the original Elan (last built in December 1972). A development prototype, the <a href="/wiki/Lotus_M90" title="Lotus M90">M90</a> (later renamed the X100) had been built a few years earlier, using a <a href="/wiki/Fibreglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibreglass">fibreglass</a> body designed by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Winterbottom" title="Oliver Winterbottom">Oliver Winterbottom</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>-supplied 1.6-litre engine and <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (mechanics)">transmission</a>. The M90 was in turn preceded by an earlier two-seater project in 1974 called the Lotus M80, also designed by Winterbottom and based on the <a href="/wiki/Lotus_%C3%89clat" title="Lotus Éclat">Lotus Eclat</a>. However, money was in short supply at Lotus and development was soon stopped, with the M80 name later resurfacing on the 1984 Lotus Eminence M80 four-door V8 saloon concept.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lotus was hoping to sell the car through Toyota dealerships worldwide, badged as a Lotus Toyota, but the project never came to fruition and the prototype was shelved (although Lotus' collaboration with Toyota had some influence on the design of the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_MR2" title="Toyota MR2">Toyota MR2</a>). </p><p>The idea of a small <a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">roadster</a> powered by an outsourced engine remained, however, and in late 1986 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stevens_(car_designer)" title="Peter Stevens (car designer)">Peter Stevens</a>'s design for the Type M100 was approved and work began by Lotus engineers to turn the clay styling buck into a car that could be built. This process was completed in just under three years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Testing">Testing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The new Elan was conceived as a mass-market car and in particular one that would appeal to US buyers. Consequently, Lotus put an enormous effort (for such a small firm) into testing the car; over a two-year period 19 crash cars and 42 development vehicles were built, logging nearly a million test miles in locations from <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a>. The Elan was driven at racing speeds for 24 hours around the track at <a href="/wiki/Snetterton_Motor_Racing_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit">Snetterton</a>. Finally each new car was test-driven for around 30 miles (48 km) at Lotus' <a href="/wiki/Hethel" title="Hethel">Hethel</a> factory to check for any manufacturing defects before being shipped to dealers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Handling">Handling</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Handling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The choice of <a href="/wiki/Front-wheel_drive" title="Front-wheel drive">front-wheel drive</a> is unusual for a sports car, but according to Lotus sales literature, "for a given vehicle weight, power and tyre size, a front wheel drive car was always faster over a given section of road. There were definite advantages in <a href="/wiki/Traction_(engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traction (engineering)">traction</a> and controllability, and drawbacks such as <a href="/wiki/Torque_steer" title="Torque steer">torque steer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bump_Steer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bump Steer">bump steer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steering_kickback" title="Steering kickback">steering kickback</a> were not insurmountable."<sup id="cite_ref-sales_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sales-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the only front-wheel-drive vehicle made by Lotus. Every model made since the M100 Elan, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Elise" title="Lotus Elise">Lotus Elise</a>, has been <a href="/wiki/Rear-wheel_drive" title="Rear-wheel drive">rear-wheel drive</a>. </p><p>The M100 Elan's cornering performance was undeniable (on release the Elan was described by <a href="/wiki/Autocar_(magazine)" title="Autocar (magazine)"><i>Autocar</i></a> magazine as "the quickest point to point car available"). Press reaction was not uniformly positive, as some reviewers found the handling too secure and predictable compared to a rear-wheel-drive car. However, the Elan's rigid chassis minimised roll through the corners and has led to many critics describing it as 'the finest front wheel drive [car] bar none'.<sup id="cite_ref-review_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-review-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the naturally aspirated version, the turbocharged SE received power steering as standard, as well as tyres with a higher ZR speed rating.<sup id="cite_ref-TAM92_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAM92-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Engine_2">Engine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The M100 Elan used a 1,588 cc double <a href="/wiki/Overhead_camshaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Overhead camshaft">overhead camshaft</a> (DOHC) I4 16-valve engine, sourced from the <a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Gemini" title="Isuzu Gemini">Isuzu Gemini</a> and extensively modified by Lotus (a third generation of this engine was later used in the <a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Impulse" class="mw-redirect" title="Isuzu Impulse">Isuzu Impulse</a>), which produced 162 hp (121 kW) in turbocharged form. 0–60 mph acceleration time was measured by <a href="/wiki/Autocar_(magazine)" title="Autocar (magazine)"><i>Autocar</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Motor_(Australian_magazine)" title="Motor (Australian magazine)"><i>Motor</i></a> magazine at 6.5 seconds, and a top speed of 137 mph (220 km/h) was recorded. </p><p>Significant differences in the Isuzu-Lotus engine from the original include a new <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_system" title="Exhaust system">exhaust system</a>, re-routed <a href="/wiki/Intake" title="Intake">intake</a> plumbing for better <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermodynamic">thermodynamic</a> efficiency, improved engine <a href="/wiki/Suspension_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspension (vehicle)">suspension</a>, and major modifications to the <a href="/wiki/Engine_control_unit" title="Engine control unit">engine control unit</a> to improve <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a> and boost response. Almost all models featured an IHI <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbocharger</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Braking_and_suspension_components">Braking and suspension components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Braking and suspension components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of the suspension items for the M100 Elan (both S1 and S2) were manufactured and supplied by Portland Engineering based in Dorset in the UK. They supplied front and rear brake discs, rear suspension arms, front and rear hub carriers along with numerous other components. The rear brakes had an unusual design in that the rear hub was incorporated within the brake disc.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sales">Sales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two variants were available at launch, the 130 bhp (97 kW; 132 PS) Elan 1.6 (retailing at £17,850) and the 162 bhp (121 kW; 164 PS) Turbo SE (£19,850). Initial sales were disappointing, due to the debut of the more affordable "nostalgic" <a href="/wiki/Mazda_MX-5_(NA)" title="Mazda MX-5 (NA)">Mazda MX-5</a> which was arguably similar in concept to the 1960s Elan, in contrast to the M100's deliberately futuristic cant. The Elan was very expensive to make (the cost to design and produce the dashboard alone was more than the total cost of the Excel production line), and sales figures were too low to recoup its huge development costs. </p><p>Altogether just 3,855 Elans were built between November 1989 and July 1992, including 129 <a href="/wiki/Normally_aspirated" class="mw-redirect" title="Normally aspirated">normally aspirated</a> (non-turbo) cars. A mere 559 of them were sold in the US, featuring a 'stage 2 body' which had a different rear boot spoiler arrangement together with a lengthened nose to accommodate a USA-compliant crash structure and airbag, and 16-inch wheels (optional in most markets, standard in the U.S.) instead of 15-inch as on the UK model. A coupé version of the Elan, to replace the Excel, had also been in the pipeline. This, too, was shelved, and there was no direct successor to the Excel, which ended up also being discontinued in 1992. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_2">Series 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Series 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two years after the end of the original production run, a limited edition of 800 <b>Series 2</b> (S2) M100 Elans was released during the <a href="/wiki/Romano_Artioli" title="Romano Artioli">Romano Artioli</a> era (produced June 1994–September 1995) when it was discovered that enough surplus engines were available to make this possible. It was only for the UK market. According to Autocar magazine, the S2 addressed some of the concerns over handling, but power was reduced to 155 bhp (116 kW; 157 PS) and the 0–60 mph acceleration time increased to 7.5 seconds, due to the legislative requirement to fit a <a href="/wiki/Catalytic_converter" title="Catalytic converter">catalytic converter</a> in all markets. The S2s have very similar performance to the USA vehicles, having an identical engine management system calibration albeit with a slightly lower overall vehicle weight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kia_Elan">Kia Elan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Kia Elan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kia_Elan_1X7A8110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Kia_Elan_1X7A8110.jpg/200px-Kia_Elan_1X7A8110.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Kia_Elan_1X7A8110.jpg/300px-Kia_Elan_1X7A8110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Kia_Elan_1X7A8110.jpg/400px-Kia_Elan_1X7A8110.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4558" data-file-height="3046" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kia_Elan_1X7A8113.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kia_Elan_1X7A8113.jpg/200px-Kia_Elan_1X7A8113.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kia_Elan_1X7A8113.jpg/300px-Kia_Elan_1X7A8113.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kia_Elan_1X7A8113.jpg/400px-Kia_Elan_1X7A8113.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4965" data-file-height="3318" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Kia Elan</div></div></div></div> <p>After the final production run of the Elan in 1995, Lotus sold its production rights to <a href="/wiki/Kia_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Kia Motors">Kia Motors</a>, which produced its own version. Outwardly, the Kia Elan looks almost identical to the original. The most obvious difference are the Kia-designed taillights which replaced the <a href="/wiki/Renault_Alpine_GTA/A610#First_generation" title="Renault Alpine GTA/A610">Renault Alpine GTA</a> rear lights of the original. </p><p>Kia Motech (Kia Motor-technology) produced the car in Ansan, South Korea from 1996 to 1999 as the Kia Elan for the Korean market, using a 151 PS (111 kW; 149 hp) 1.8 L <i>T8D</i> engine of Mazda origins instead of the Isuzu 1.6 turbo-charged unit. In the Japanese market, the car was sold as the <b>Vigato</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 1,056 were produced.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2013_Elan_concept_show_car">2013 Elan concept show car</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: 2013 Elan concept show car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Motor vehicle</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox hproduct"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C0C0C0; padding:0.25em 1em; text-align:center;">Lotus Elan (2013)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2010_Lotus_Elan_(2)_Mondial_de_l%27automobile_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/2010_Lotus_Elan_%282%29_Mondial_de_l%27automobile_Paris.jpg/280px-2010_Lotus_Elan_%282%29_Mondial_de_l%27automobile_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/2010_Lotus_Elan_%282%29_Mondial_de_l%27automobile_Paris.jpg/420px-2010_Lotus_Elan_%282%29_Mondial_de_l%27automobile_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/2010_Lotus_Elan_%282%29_Mondial_de_l%27automobile_Paris.jpg/560px-2010_Lotus_Elan_%282%29_Mondial_de_l%27automobile_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3669" data-file-height="2064" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production</th><td class="infobox-data">2013</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Designer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donato_Coco" title="Donato Coco">Donato Coco</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Body and chassis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">Class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Concept_car" title="Concept car">Concept car</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">Body style</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2-door <a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">coupé</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A new Lotus Elan was announced at the <a href="/wiki/2010_Paris_Motor_Show" title="2010 Paris Motor Show">2010 Paris Motor Show</a>. It was hoped to be in production by 2013, but it, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Esprit" title="Lotus Esprit">Esprit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Elite" title="Lotus Elite">Elite</a> concepts, was cancelled before it could enter production.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The car was to have featured a 4.0-litre <a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6 engine</a> with around 350 horsepower, a 0-60 time of 4.5 seconds, a top speed of 165 mph, and was to have weighed roughly 1,295 kg (2,855 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-Lotus_cars_website_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lotus_cars_website-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The car was also meant to have a new kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) which would provide short bursts of extra passing power using energy recovered during braking. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Arnold, G. 1981. <i>The Lotus Elan and Plus Two Buyers Guide 1962–1975</i>. Club Lotus</li> <li>Buckland, Brian (2006) <i>The Rebuilding of a Lotus Elan - Addendum Engineering Workshop Manual</i>. Elanman Ltd. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9552849-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9552849-0-8">978-0-9552849-0-8</a>.</li> <li>Clarke, R.M. <i>Lotus Elan Collection No.2 1963–1972</i>. Brooklands Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907073-68-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-907073-68-9">0-907073-68-9</a></li> <li>Harvey, C. 1982. <i>Lotus: The Elite, Elan, Europa</i>. Oxford Illustrated Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902280-85-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-902280-85-6">0-902280-85-6</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2007" class="citation book cs1">Holmes, Mark (2007). <i>Ultimate Convertibles: Roofless Beauty</i>. London: Kandour. pp. 94–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905741-62-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905741-62-5"><bdi>978-1-905741-62-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ultimate+Convertibles%3A+Roofless+Beauty&rft.place=London&rft.pages=94-95&rft.pub=Kandour&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-905741-62-5&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hughes, M. 1992. <i>Lotus Elan</i>. Osprey Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-194-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-194-7">1-85532-194-7</a>.</li> <li>Lotus Cars Limited. 1974. <i>Lotus Elan +2 Workshop Manual</i>. Lotus Cars</li> <li>Read, Robin (1989), <i>Colin Chapman's Lotus (The early years, the Elite, and origins of the Elan)</i>. Haynes/Foulis, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85429-703-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-85429-703-0">0-85429-703-0</a>.</li> <li>Road & Track Staff (2012). "50 Years of the Lotus Elan". <i><a href="/wiki/Road_%26_Track" title="Road & Track">Road & Track</a></i> <b>64</b> (4): 66–74.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CPCR" class="citation book cs1">Robinshaw, Paul; Ross, Christopher (1989). <i>The Original 1962–1973 Lotus Elan: Essential Data and Guidance for Owners, Restorers and Competitors</i>. UK: Motor Racing Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-947981-32-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-947981-32-2"><bdi>0-947981-32-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Original+1962%E2%80%931973+Lotus+Elan%3A+Essential+Data+and+Guidance+for+Owners%2C+Restorers+and+Competitors&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Motor+Racing+Publications&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-947981-32-2&rft.aulast=Robinshaw&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Ross%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CPCR95" class="citation book cs1">Robinshaw, Paul; Ross, Christopher (1995). <i>Authentic Lotus Elan and Plus 2: Essential Data and Guidance for Owners, Restorers and Competitors</i> (2nd ed.). UK: Motor Racing Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-947981-95-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-947981-95-0"><bdi>0-947981-95-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Authentic+Lotus+Elan+and+Plus+2%3A+Essential+Data+and+Guidance+for+Owners%2C+Restorers+and+Competitors&rft.place=UK&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Motor+Racing+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-947981-95-0&rft.aulast=Robinshaw&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Ross%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Taylor, M. 1990. <i>Lotus Elan, The complete story</i>. The Crowood Press Ltd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86126-011-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-86126-011-3">1-86126-011-3</a></li> <li>Taylor, W. 1998. <i>The Lotus Book, a complete History of Lotus Cars, 50th Anniversary Special</i>. Coterie Press Limited. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-902351-00-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-902351-00-2">1-902351-00-2</a>.</li> <li>Wherret, D. 1993. <i>Lotus Elan</i>. Osprey. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-377-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-377-X">1-85532-377-X</a></li> <li>Wilkins, Miles (2003), <i>Lotus Twin-Cam Engine</i>. Motorbooks, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-1692-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-1692-4">978-0-7603-1692-4</a>.</li> <li>Wills, Barrie (2019), '45+ Years Without John DeLorean' (Chapter 13 'The New Lotus Elan - Managing M100'). Woodbine Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-780985-657826" title="Special:BookSources/9-780985-657826">9-780985-657826</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Road & Track Staff (2012), p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2012" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Sam (December 2012). "The Lotus Elan 1962–1973". <i><a href="/wiki/Road_%26_Track" title="Road & Track">Road & Track</a></i>. <b>64</b> (4): 70–71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Road+%26+Track&rft.atitle=The+Lotus+Elan+1962%E2%80%931973&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=70-71&rft.date=2012-12&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Sam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lotuselan.net/wiki/Lotus_Elan">"Lotus Elan"</a>. LotusElan.net. 10 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lotus+Elan&rft.pub=LotusElan.net&rft.date=2017-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lotuselan.net%2Fwiki%2FLotus_Elan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sedgwick-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sedgwick_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sedgwick_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSedgwickGillies1986" class="citation cs2">Sedgwick, Michael; Gillies, Mark (1986), <i>A–Z of Cars 1945–70</i>, London, UK: Hamlyn Distribution Services, pp. 118–119, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0600333913" title="Special:BookSources/978-0600333913"><bdi>978-0600333913</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A%E2%80%93Z+of+Cars+1945%E2%80%9370&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=118-119&rft.pub=Hamlyn+Distribution+Services&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0600333913&rft.aulast=Sedgwick&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Gillies%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CPCR">Robinshaw and Ross 1989</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bolster-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bolster_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolster1980" class="citation book cs1">Bolster, John (1980). <i>The Lotus Elan and Europa: A Collector's Guide</i>. UK: Motor Racing Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9005-4948-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9005-4948-3"><bdi>0-9005-4948-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lotus+Elan+and+Europa%3A+A+Collector%27s+Guide&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Motor+Racing+Publications&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-9005-4948-3&rft.aulast=Bolster&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span> Page 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CPCR">Robinshaw and Ross 1989</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-registry-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-registry_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-registry_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elanregistry.org">"Lotus Elan and Lotus Elan Plus 2 Registry"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lotus+Elan+and+Lotus+Elan+Plus+2+Registry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elanregistry.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Elan Workshop Manual - Section: Technical Data</i> (36 T 327 ed.). Lotus Cars Limited. March 1970. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elan+Workshop+Manual+-+Section%3A+Technical+Data&rft.pages=10&rft.edition=36+T+327&rft.pub=Lotus+Cars+Limited&rft.date=1970-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InfoSheet-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-InfoSheet_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-InfoSheet_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Information Sheet: <i>Lotus Elan Fixed Head and Drophead Coupé Models.</i> Circa 1966. Lotus Cars (Sales) Ltd.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lateman-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lateman_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lateman_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Elan Workshop Manual - Section: Technical Data</i> (X036 T 0327Z Revised Reprint ed.). Lotus Cars Limited. October 1974. pp. 9/10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elan+Workshop+Manual+-+Section%3A+Technical+Data&rft.pages=9%2F10&rft.edition=X036+T+0327Z+Revised+Reprint&rft.pub=Lotus+Cars+Limited&rft.date=1974-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Information Sheet: <i>Lotus Elan 1500.</i> Circa 1962. Designed and drawn by Roger Gibson, L.S.I.A., and Richard Leech, L.S.I.A. Printed in England by J. Howitt and Son Ltd, Nottingham</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CPCR">Robinshaw and Ross 1989</a>, pp. 17-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lotuselan.net/forums/lotus-twincam-f39/engine-weight-t13918.html">"Engine Weight"</a>. LotusElan.net. 11 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Engine+Weight&rft.pub=LotusElan.net&rft.date=2006-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lotuselan.net%2Fforums%2Flotus-twincam-f39%2Fengine-weight-t13918.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-performance-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-performance_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-performance_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lotuselansprint.com/index.asp?pageid=41825">"Lotus Elan Sprint > Performance Data"</a>. www.lotuselansprint.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lotus%3A+Five+concept+cars+canned%2C+brand+won%27t+be+sold&rft.pub=Paultan.org&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaultan.org%2F2013%2F01%2F15%2Flotus-five-concept-cars-canned-brand-wont-be-sold%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lotus_cars_website-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lotus_cars_website_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101003104657/http://www.lotuscars.com/en/future-cars">"Lotus cars website retrieved 2010-09-30"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lotuscars.com/en/future-cars">the original</a> on 3 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lotus+cars+website+retrieved+2010-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lotuscars.com%2Fen%2Ffuture-cars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALotus+Elan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also known by the brand name Metalastik</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emission-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-emission_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-emission_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Federal (for the US market) cars were fitted with special-purpose carburetor inlet ducting to meet emission control regulations, which reduced the power output.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bodywork-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bodywork_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bodywork_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bodywork_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bodywork_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bodywork_45-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bodywork_45-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bodywork_45-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Required changes to the fibreglass molds used during manufacture of the body/doors/trunk(boot).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In some cases installation of the rear suspension was also necessary.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Elan&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lotus" title="Template:Lotus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lotus" title="Template talk:Lotus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lotus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lotus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lotus_Cars_timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus Cars</a> timeline</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div style="overflow:auto"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0"> <td rowspan="2" width="8%"><b>Type</b> </td> <td colspan="10" width="15%">1950s </td> <td colspan="10" width="15%">1960s </td> <td colspan="10" width="15%">1970s </td> <td colspan="10" width="15%">1980s </td> <td colspan="10" width="15%">1990s </td> <td colspan="10" width="15%">2000s </td> <td colspan="10" width="15%">2010s </td> <td colspan="5" width="7.5%">2020s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0"> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">1</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">3</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">5</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">7</td> <td width="1.5%">8</td> <td width="1.5%">9 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">1</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">3</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">5</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">7</td> <td width="1.5%">8</td> <td width="1.5%">9 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">1</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">3</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">5</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">7</td> <td width="1.5%">8</td> <td width="1.5%">9 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">1</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">3</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">5</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">7</td> <td width="1.5%">8</td> <td width="1.5%">9 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">1</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">3</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">5</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">7</td> <td width="1.5%">8</td> <td width="1.5%">9 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">1</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">3</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">5</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">7</td> <td width="1.5%">8</td> <td width="1.5%">9 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">1</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">3</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">5</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">7</td> <td width="1.5%">8</td> <td width="1.5%">9 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">1</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">3</td> <td width="1.5%">4 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car_racing" title="Sports car racing">Sports racer</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Mark_VIII" title="Lotus Mark VIII">VIII</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Mark_IX" title="Lotus Mark IX">IX</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Eleven" title="Lotus Eleven">Eleven</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_15" title="Lotus 15">15</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_17" title="Lotus 17">17</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_19" title="Lotus 19">19</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_23" title="Lotus 23">23</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_30" title="Lotus 30">30</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_40" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus 40">40</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_47" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus 47">47</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_62" title="Lotus 62">62</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Mark_VI" title="Lotus Mark VI">Mark VI</a> </td> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Seven" title="Lotus Seven">Seven</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_340R" title="Lotus 340R">340R</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_2-Eleven" title="Lotus 2-Eleven">2-Eleven</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_3-Eleven" title="Lotus 3-Eleven">3-Eleven</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">Roadster</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Lotus_Elan_1500,_1600,_S2,_S1,S3,_S4,_Sprint">Elan</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Elan_(M100)">Elan M100</a> </td> <td colspan="26" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Elise" title="Lotus Elise">Elise</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Elite#Type_14_(1957–1963)" title="Lotus Elite">Elite</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Lotus_Elan_1500,_1600,_S2,_S1,S3,_S4,_Sprint">Elan</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Exige" title="Lotus Exige">Exige</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Emira" title="Lotus Emira">Emira</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Europa" title="Lotus Europa">Europa</a> </td> <td colspan="29" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Esprit" title="Lotus Esprit">Esprit</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Europa_S" title="Lotus Europa S">Europa S</a> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Evora" title="Lotus Evora">Evora</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0D0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Evija" title="Lotus Evija">Evija</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Grand_tourer" title="Grand tourer">Grand tourer</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Elan_+2">Elan +2</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Elite#Types_75_and_83_(1974–1982)" title="Lotus Elite">Elite</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Eclat" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Eclat">Eclat</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Excel" title="Lotus Excel">Excel</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Saloon</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cortina#Mk1" title="Lotus Cortina">Cortina</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cortina#Mk2" title="Lotus Cortina">Cortina</a> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Carlton" title="Lotus Carlton">Carlton</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0D0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Emeya" title="Lotus Emeya">Emeya</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0D0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Eletre" title="Lotus Eletre">Eletre</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="76" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C0D0C0; color:black;"> </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Electric_car" title="Electric car">Electric</a></b></span></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right; padding:0.5em">Racing cars </th> <td style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Mark_I" title="Lotus Mark I">Mark I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Mark_II" title="Lotus Mark II">Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Mark_III" title="Lotus Mark III">Mark III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Mark_IV" title="Lotus Mark IV">Mark IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Mark_V" title="Lotus Mark V">Mark V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_12" title="Lotus 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_16" title="Lotus 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_17" title="Lotus 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_18" title="Lotus 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_20" title="Lotus 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_21" title="Lotus 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_22" title="Lotus 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_24" title="Lotus 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_25" title="Lotus 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_27" title="Lotus 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_29" title="Lotus 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_31" title="Lotus 31">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_32" title="Lotus 32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_33" title="Lotus 33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_34" title="Lotus 34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_38" title="Lotus 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_39" title="Lotus 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_41" title="Lotus 41">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_42" title="Lotus 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_43" title="Lotus 43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_44" title="Lotus 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_48" title="Lotus 48">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_49" title="Lotus 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_56" title="Lotus 56">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_59" title="Lotus 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_61" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus 61">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_63" title="Lotus 63">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_64" title="Lotus 64">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_66" title="Lotus 66">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_69" title="Lotus 69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_70" title="Lotus 70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_72" title="Lotus 72">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_73" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus 73">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_74" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus 74">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_76" title="Lotus 76">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_77" title="Lotus 77">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_78" title="Lotus 78">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_79" title="Lotus 79">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_80" title="Lotus 80">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_81" title="Lotus 81">81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_88" title="Lotus 88">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_87" title="Lotus 87">87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_88" title="Lotus 88">88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_91" title="Lotus 91">91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_92" title="Lotus 92">92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_93T" title="Lotus 93T">93T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_94T" title="Lotus 94T">94T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_95T" title="Lotus 95T">95T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_96T" title="Lotus 96T">96T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_97T" title="Lotus 97T">97T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_98T" title="Lotus 98T">98T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_99T" title="Lotus 99T">99T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_100T" title="Lotus 100T">100T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_101" title="Lotus 101">101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_102" title="Lotus 102">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_107" title="Lotus 107">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_109" title="Lotus 109">109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_112" title="Lotus 112">112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Esprit_GT1" title="Lotus Esprit GT1">114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Elise_GT1" title="Lotus Elise GT1">115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_119" title="Lotus 119">119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_T125" title="Lotus T125">T125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_T127" title="Lotus T127">T127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_T128_(Formula_One_car)" title="Lotus T128 (Formula One car)">T128 F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_T128_(Le_Mans_Prototype)" title="Lotus T128 (Le Mans Prototype)">T128 LMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLM_P1/01" title="CLM P1/01">T129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_E20" title="Lotus E20">E20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_E21" title="Lotus E21">E21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_E22" title="Lotus E22">E22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_E23_Hybrid" title="Lotus E23 Hybrid">E23 Hybrid</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5"> <th style="text-align:right; padding:0.5em">Related cars </th> <td style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caterham_7" title="Caterham 7">Caterham Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cortina" title="Lotus Cortina">Ford Cortina Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Sunbeam#Sunbeam_Ti_and_Sunbeam_Lotus" title="Chrysler Sunbeam">Talbot Sunbeam Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMC_DeLorean" title="DMC DeLorean">DeLorean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennessey_Venom_GT" title="Hennessey Venom GT">Hennessey Venom GT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Piazza" title="Isuzu Piazza">Isuzu Piazza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvette_(C4)#ZR-1_(1990–1995)" title="Chevrolet Corvette (C4)">Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Carlton" title="Lotus Carlton">Opel Lotus Omega/Vauxhall Lotus Carlton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Kia_Elan">Kia Elan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel_Speedster" title="Opel Speedster">Opel Speedster/Vauxhall VX220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Roadster_(first_generation)" title="Tesla Roadster (first generation)">Tesla Roadster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_EMAS" title="Proton EMAS">Proton EMAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus-Radford_Type_62-2" title="Lotus-Radford Type 62-2">Lotus-Radford Type 62-2</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right; padding:0.5em">Concept cars </th> <td style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_APX" title="Lotus APX">APX</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#2013_Elan_show_car">Elan Concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Elite#Elite_concept" title="Lotus Elite">Elite Concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Elise#Elise_Concept" title="Lotus Elise">Elise Concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Ethos" title="Lotus Ethos">CityCar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Eterne" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Eterne">Eterne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Emotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Emotion">Emotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Esprit#Background" title="Lotus Esprit">Esprit M70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Esprit#Styling_concept_(2010)" title="Lotus Esprit">Esprit Concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Ethos" title="Lotus Ethos">Ethos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Etna" title="Lotus Etna">Etna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_M250" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus M250">M250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_M90" title="Lotus M90">M90</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right; padding:0.5em">Future cars </th> <td style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Type_134" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Type 134"><i>Type 134</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Type_135" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Type 135"><i>Type 135</i></a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5"> <th style="text-align:right; padding:0.5em">Key figures </th> <td style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Chapman" title="Colin Chapman">Colin Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Rudd" title="Tony Rudd">Tony Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Artioli" title="Romano Artioli">Romano Artioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dany_Bahar" title="Dany Bahar">Dany Bahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Terry" title="Len Terry">Len Terry</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right; padding:0.5em">Group Lotus </th> <td style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lotuscars.com/">Official website</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars#Lotus_Engineering" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Lotus" title="Team Lotus">Team Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_F1" title="Lotus F1">Lotus F1</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kia_automobile_timeline,_1970s–1999_—_next_»" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kia_timeline_1970%E2%80%931999" title="Template:Kia timeline 1970–1999"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kia_timeline_1970%E2%80%931999" title="Template talk:Kia timeline 1970–1999"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kia_timeline_1970%E2%80%931999" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kia timeline 1970–1999"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kia_automobile_timeline,_1970s–1999_—_next_»" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kia" title="Kia">Kia</a> automobile timeline, 1970s–1999 — <a href="/wiki/Template:Kia_Motors" title="Template:Kia Motors"><small>next</small> »</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0"> <td rowspan="2" width="4%"><b>Type</b> </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1970s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1980s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1990s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0"> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Subcompact_car" title="Subcompact car">Subcompact</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Familia" title="Mazda Familia">Brisa</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="14" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Festiva" title="Ford Festiva">Pride <small>(Y)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Grand_Familia" title="Mazda Grand Familia">Brisa II/K303</a> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Festiva" title="Ford Festiva">Avella</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">Compact</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><i><a href="/wiki/Fiat_124" title="Fiat 124">Fiat 124</a></i> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Concord" title="Kia Concord">Capital</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Sephia" title="Kia Sephia">Sephia I</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Sephia" title="Kia Sephia">Sephia II</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Mid-size_car" title="Mid-size car">Mid-size</a> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><i><a href="/wiki/Fiat_132" title="Fiat 132">Fiat 132</a></i> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Concord" title="Kia Concord">Concord</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Credos" title="Kia Credos">Credos</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Full-size_car" title="Full-size car">Full-size</a>/<a href="/wiki/Executive_car" title="Executive car">Executive</a> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><i><a href="/wiki/Peugeot_604" title="Peugeot 604">Peugeot 604</a></i> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Sentia" title="Mazda Sentia">Enterprise</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Luce" title="Mazda Luce">Potentia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">Roadster</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Kia_Elan">Elan</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Compact_SUV" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact SUV">Compact SUV</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Sportage" title="Kia Sportage">Sportage <small>(NB-7)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Rocsta" title="Asia Rocsta">Asia Rocsta <small>(R/R2)</small></a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Retona" title="Kia Retona">Retona <small>(AM)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Compact_MPV" title="Compact MPV">Compact MPV</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Joice" title="Kia Joice">Joice</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Carens" title="Kia Carens">Carens <small>(RS)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Minivan" title="Minivan">Large MPV</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Carnival" title="Kia Carnival">Carnival <small>(KV-II)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">Pick-up</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Familia" title="Mazda Familia">Brisa Pick-up</a> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Bongo" title="Kia Bongo">Bongo</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Bongo" title="Kia Bongo">Bongo Wide</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Bongo" title="Kia Bongo">Bongo Frontier</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Van" title="Van">Van</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Bongo" title="Kia Bongo">Besta</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Pregio" title="Kia Pregio">Pregio</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">Bus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Coach_(bus)" title="Coach (bus)">coach</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Combi" title="Kia Combi">Combi</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kia_Granbird" title="Kia Granbird">Granbird I</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kia_vehicles" title="List of Kia vehicles">List of Kia vehicles</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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