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class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-lg">Navigation aerienne</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="75482021" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrecheG"><img alt="Profile image of Gilles Breche" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/75482021/29625457/77100096/s65_gilles.breche.jpg" />Gilles Breche</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Navigation aerienne</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" 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Cette segmentation se justifie souvent parce que les textes rassembles se distinguent par la date, le genre, l’auteur, le theme ou tout simplement le titre. Quand il s’agit d’œuvres distinctes, la partition du corpus semble aller de soi. Pourtant cela ne va pas parfois sans quelque arbitraire. Les necessites du traitement posent souvent des problemes de selection, de jalons et de frontieres et imposent des equilibres, des regroupements ou des sectionnements. Or paradoxalement la decision doit etre prise avant que le traitement puisse l’eclairer. Au stade du traitement, la statistique, etant essentiellement comparative, est amenee a durcir les oppositions entre les parties de l’ensemble. Et la segmentation initiale, bonne ou mauvaise, se trouve alors artificiellement justifiee. Il serait de meilleure methode de ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Navigation dans les rafales","attachmentId":99507699,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98050435/Navigation_dans_les_rafales","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98050435/Navigation_dans_les_rafales"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="33809623" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33809623/ECOLE_SUP%C3%89RIEURE_DE_NAVIGATION">ECOLE SUPÉRIEURE DE NAVIGATION</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66227161" href="https://independent.academia.edu/willyfoham">willy foham</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ECOLE SUPÉRIEURE DE NAVIGATION","attachmentId":53795214,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33809623/ECOLE_SUP%C3%89RIEURE_DE_NAVIGATION","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free 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class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">département d'anesthésie-réanimation, EA08 pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte,</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gestion des voies aeriennes de l’enfant","attachmentId":87916818,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82103470/Gestion_des_voies_aeriennes_de_l_enfant","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82103470/Gestion_des_voies_aeriennes_de_l_enfant"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="90900057" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90900057/Navigation_et_tourisme_deau_douce">Navigation et tourisme d'eau douce</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25872108" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnneGriffondBoitier">Anne Griffond-Boitier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Images de Franche-Comté, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Navigation et tourisme d'eau 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class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="229779142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RaufGonenc">Rauf Gonenc</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revue économique de l'OCDE, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Les auteurs remercient. Michael P. Feiner, Jørgen Elmeskov et Paul Swaim de leur contribution à l'amélioration des versions précédentes de leur rapport ainsi que M. Ignazio Visco, Nick Vanston et Mme Sally van Siclen pour leurs observations judicieuses. Ils adressent leurs remerciements à Wofgang Hübner, Michel Nicolas et Patrice Dubus pour leur soutien ainsi qu'à Charles Dudley et Attilio Costaguta de l'OACI et Rebecca Rowland et Jon Manning de l'OACI pour leurs conseils. Martine Levasseur et Anne-Claire Saudrais leur ont apporté une assistance statistique et technique précieuse. Les opinions développées dans ce rapport n'engagent que ses auteurs et ne reflètent pas nécessairement celles de l'OCDE ou de ses pays Membres. 204</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Le transport aérien de passagers","attachmentId":105493009,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106246025/Le_transport_a%C3%A9rien_de_passagers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106246025/Le_transport_a%C3%A9rien_de_passagers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="37008923" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37008923/Plan_mondial_de_navigation_a%C3%A9rienne_2013_2028">Plan mondial de navigation aérienne 2013–2028</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="86900553" href="https://uni-blida.academia.edu/%C5%BDaHr%C3%A4">Ža Hrä</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Plan mondial de navigation aérienne 2013–2028","attachmentId":56958340,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37008923/Plan_mondial_de_navigation_a%C3%A9rienne_2013_2028","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37008923/Plan_mondial_de_navigation_a%C3%A9rienne_2013_2028"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="18032033" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18032033/LES_SYST%C3%88MES_MONDIAUX_DE_NAVIGATION_PAR_SATELLITE">LES SYSTÈMES MONDIAUX DE NAVIGATION PAR SATELLITE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3156385" href="https://unil.academia.edu/KhaledMachaan">Khaled Machaan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Les études qui ont traité du rôle de la technologie dans les relations internationales ont analysé la technologie à l’éclairage de son importance militaro stratégique. L’importance stratégique de l’infrastructure mondiale des navigations par satellites (GNSS) a une importance qui a métamorphosé le monde actuel de navigation par satellite. Les retombées économiques ont un fort potentiel de marché, autant pour l’industrie du récepteur que pour les utilisateurs. Les fournisseurs de cette technologie conviennent que tous les signaux GNSS soient ouverts et que les services doivent être interopérables. La construction d’une infrastructure à ce point importante sollicite une véritable coopération entre les acteurs étatiques et non étatiques afin de surmonter les obstacles techniques et institutionnels, comme les défis de la compatibilité et l’interopérabilité entre les systèmes opérants au niveau mondial, défis qui se résument dans la capacité des acteurs étatiques et non étatiques à définir un cadre de production et de certification des normes favorisant ainsi la connectivité et l’interchangeabilité des systèmes. Le rôle de l’État qui demeure colossal dans la gouvernance de cette technologie aux niveaux nationaux et internationaux est terrifié par les acteurs non étatiques qui la compétence de construire un mécanisme de régulation international qui pourrait affecter une gouvernance mondiale en dehors de l’intendance étatique. Cette compétence que les acteurs non étatiques possèdent se manifeste dans leur capacité technique et organisationnelle de produire des normes et des standards techniques mondialement admis, notamment les standards de compatibilité et interopérabilité indispensables au fonctionnement performant et adéquat du système mondial de navigation par satellites GNSS. Le fait que la technologie de navigation par satellites comporte deux facettes, militaire et civile, distingue une forme de collaboration entre les acteurs étatiques et privés représentés par les organismes de normalisation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"LES SYSTÈMES MONDIAUX DE NAVIGATION PAR SATELLITE","attachmentId":39839216,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18032033/LES_SYST%C3%88MES_MONDIAUX_DE_NAVIGATION_PAR_SATELLITE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18032033/LES_SYST%C3%88MES_MONDIAUX_DE_NAVIGATION_PAR_SATELLITE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="11603142" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11603142/Quelle_importance_avait_la_navigation">Quelle importance avait la navigation?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22416032" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/BiarAlexandra">Biar Alexandra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Co-écrit avec Eric TALADOIRE</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Quelle importance avait la navigation?","attachmentId":37080081,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11603142/Quelle_importance_avait_la_navigation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11603142/Quelle_importance_avait_la_navigation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="36411200" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36411200/TRAITEMENT_DAIR">TRAITEMENT D'AIR</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="80611869" href="https://independent.academia.edu/mayssasissa">mayssa sissa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Le traitement d'air doit être adapté aux activités pratiquées dans la zone concernée.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"TRAITEMENT D'AIR","attachmentId":56323088,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36411200/TRAITEMENT_DAIR","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36411200/TRAITEMENT_DAIR"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="20368623" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20368623/Syst%C3%A8me_dassistance_%C3%A0_la_navigation_handivoile">Système d'assistance à la navigation handivoile</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41715897" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OReynet">O. Reynet</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41780145" href="https://ensta-bretagne.academia.edu/K%C3%A9vinBruget">Kévin Bruget</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ce projet, fruit d'une collaboration entre l'ENSTA-Bretagne et l'entreprise Splashelec vise à développer une Interface Homme-Machine (IHM) qui facilite la navigation par le biais de capteurs et d'un boîtier de commandes embarqué sur le bateau. 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