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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Varieties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chinese_varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Chinese varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Japanese varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culinary_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Culinary use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Beverage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Condiment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Condiment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Condiment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Condiment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flower_pancake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flower_pancake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Flower pancake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flower_pancake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liquor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liquor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Liquor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liquor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pickled_and_preserved_plums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pickled_and_preserved_plums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.5</span> <span>Pickled and preserved plums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pickled_and_preserved_plums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Traditional medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultural significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultural significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chinese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Chinese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Korean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Japanese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vietnamese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnamese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Vietnamese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnamese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Prunus mume</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Prunus mume" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Prunus mume" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albercoquer_japon%C3%A8s" title="Albercoquer japonès – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Albercoquer japonès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Prunus mume" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meru%C5%88ka_japonsk%C3%A1" title="Meruňka japonská – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Meruňka japonská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ume" title="Ume – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ume" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Prunus mume" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umeo" title="Umeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Umeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoniar_aranondo" title="Japoniar aranondo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Japoniar aranondo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="آلوی چینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلوی چینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abricotier_du_Japon" title="Abricotier du Japon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abricotier du Japon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2i-f%C3%A2" title="Mòi-fâ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mòi-fâ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%EC%8B%A4%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4" title="매실나무 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="매실나무" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanski_aprikozowc" title="Japanski aprikozowc – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Japanski aprikozowc" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prunus mume" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prunus mume" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Prunus mume" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoninis_abrikosas" title="Japoninis abrikosas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Japoninis abrikosas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1n_kajszi" title="Japán kajszi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Japán kajszi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%89" title="برقوق مومى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="برقوق مومى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C3%B2i-hu%C4%83" title="Muòi-huă – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Muòi-huă" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanse_abrikoos" title="Japanse abrikoos – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Japanse abrikoos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A1" title="ウメ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウメ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon_o%CA%BBrigi" title="Yapon oʻrigi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yapon oʻrigi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morela_japo%C5%84ska" title="Morela japońska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morela japońska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ume" title="Ume – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ume" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Абрикос японский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абрикос японский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Prunus mume" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaninaprikoosi" title="Japaninaprikoosi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Japaninaprikoosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ume_(frukt)" title="Ume (frukt) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ume (frukt)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Prunus mume" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2_(Prunus_mume)" title="บ๊วย (Prunus mume) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บ๊วย (Prunus mume)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Prunus mume" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Японська 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ume_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ume (disambiguation)">Ume (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Meihua" redirects here. For the Taiwanese film, see <a href="/wiki/Victory_(1976_film)" title="Victory (1976 film)">Victory (1976 film)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Plum blossom" redirects here. For the 2000 South Korean film, see <a href="/wiki/Plum_Blossom_(film)" title="Plum Blossom (film)">Plum Blossom (film)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Prunus mume</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_mume.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Prunus_mume.JPG/220px-Prunus_mume.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Prunus_mume.JPG/330px-Prunus_mume.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Prunus_mume.JPG/440px-Prunus_mume.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3224" data-file-height="4302" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Prunus mume</i> blossoms </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Prunus_sect._Armeniaca" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prunus" title="Prunus"><i>Prunus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subgenus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prunus_subg._Prunus" title="Prunus subg. Prunus"><i>Prunus <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Prunus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Section: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot"><i>Prunus <span style="font-style:normal;">sect.</span> Armeniaca</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>P. mume</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Prunus mume</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Philipp_Franz_von_Siebold" title="Philipp Franz von Siebold">Siebold</a>) Siebold & <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gerhard_Zuccarini" title="Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini">Zucc.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Armeniaca mume</i> <small>Siebold</small></li> <li><i>Armeniaca mume</i> var. <i>alba</i> <small>Carrière</small></li> <li><i>Armeniaca mume</i> var. <i>alphandii</i> <small>Carrière</small></li> <li><i>Armeniaca mume</i> var. <i>pubicaulina</i> <small>C. Z. Qiao & H. M. Shen</small></li> <li><i>Armeniaca mume</i> f. <i>pendula</i> <small>(Siebold) H. Ohba & S. Akiyama</small></li> <li><i>Prunopsis mume</i> <small>(Siebold) André</small></li> <li><i>Prunus makinoensis</i> <small>Lév.</small></li> <li><i>Prunus mume formosana</i> <small>Masam. ex Kudô & Masam.</small></li> <li><i>Prunus mume microcarpa</i> <small>Makino</small></li> <li><i>Prunus mume</i> var. <i>alboplena</i> <small>L. H. Bailey</small></li> <li><i>Prunus mume</i> var. <i>laciniata</i> <small>Maxim.</small></li> <li><i>Prunus mume</i> var. <i>pendula</i> <small>Siebold</small></li> <li><i>Prunus mume</i> var. <i>rosea</i> <small>Ingram</small></li> <li><i>Prunus mume</i> var. <i>tonsa</i> <small>Rehder</small></li> <li><i>Prunus mume</i> f. <i>alba</i> <small>(Carrière) Rehder</small></li> <li><i>Prunus mume</i> f. <small>alboplena</small> <small>(L. H. Bailey) Rehder</small></li> <li><i>Prunus mume</i> f. <i>alphandii</i> <small>(Carrière) Rehder</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Prunus mume</b></i> is a Chinese tree species classified in the <i>Armeniaca</i> section of the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus" title="Prunus">Prunus</a></i> subgenus <i>Prunus</i>. Its <a href="/wiki/Common_name" title="Common name">common names</a> include <b>Chinese plum,</b><sup id="cite_ref-RBGKew_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBGKew-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Japanese plum</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>Japanese apricot</b>. The flower, long a beloved subject in the traditional painting and poetry of Sinospheric countries (including China, Korea, Vietnam, and Japan), is usually called <b>plum blossom</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This distinct tree species is related to both the plum and apricot trees.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although generally referred to as a plum in English, it is more closely related to the apricot.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cuisine">East Asian cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese cuisine</a>), the fruit of the tree is used in juices, as a flavouring for alcohol, <a href="/wiki/Umeboshi" title="Umeboshi">as a pickle</a>, and in sauces. It is also used in traditional medicine. </p><p>The tree's flowering in late winter and early spring is highly regarded as a seasonal symbol. </p><p><i>Prunus mume</i> should not be confused with <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_salicina" title="Prunus salicina">Prunus salicina</a></i>, a related species also grown in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Another tree, <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_japonica" title="Prunus japonica">Prunus japonica</a></i>, is also a separate species despite having a Latin name similar to <i>Prunus mume'</i>s common name. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-4"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Prunus mume</i> originated in the region around the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a> in southern China and was cultivated domestically for both its ornamental beauty and its fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-uem_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uem-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later introduced to <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fang_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fang-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. It can be found in sparse forests, stream sides, forested slopes along trails, and mountains, sometimes at altitudes up to 1,700–3,100 m (5,600–10,200 ft), and regions of cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-eflora_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eflora-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Prunus mume</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> tree that starts to flower in mid-winter, typically around January until late February in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>. It can grow to 4–10 m (13–33 ft) tall.<sup id="cite_ref-eflora_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eflora-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flowers are 2–2.5 cm (0.79–0.98 in) in diameter and have a strong fragrant scent.<sup id="cite_ref-eflora_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eflora-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have colors in varying shades of white, pink, and red.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves appear shortly after the petals fall, are oval-shaped with a pointed tip, and are 4–8 cm long and 2.5–5 cm wide.<sup id="cite_ref-eflora_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eflora-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruit ripens in early summer, around June and July in East Asia, and coincides with the <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_rainy_season" title="East Asian rainy season">East Asian rainy season</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Meiyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiyu">meiyu</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E9%9B%A8" class="extiw" title="wikt:梅雨">梅雨</a>, "plum rain").<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupe</a> is 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) in diameter with a groove running from the stalk to the tip.<sup id="cite_ref-eflora_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eflora-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The skin turns yellow, sometimes with a red blush, as it ripens, and the flesh becomes yellow. The tree is <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">cultivated</a> for its <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RBGKew_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBGKew-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_mume_fruits_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unripe plum fruits"><img alt="Unripe plum fruits" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Prunus_mume_fruits_2.jpg/120px-Prunus_mume_fruits_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Prunus_mume_fruits_2.jpg/180px-Prunus_mume_fruits_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Prunus_mume_fruits_2.jpg/240px-Prunus_mume_fruits_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unripe plum fruits</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maesil_(prunus_mume)_washed_and_stemmed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Washed and stemmed plum"><img alt="Washed and stemmed plum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Maesil_%28prunus_mume%29_washed_and_stemmed.jpg/120px-Maesil_%28prunus_mume%29_washed_and_stemmed.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Maesil_%28prunus_mume%29_washed_and_stemmed.jpg/180px-Maesil_%28prunus_mume%29_washed_and_stemmed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Maesil_%28prunus_mume%29_washed_and_stemmed.jpg/240px-Maesil_%28prunus_mume%29_washed_and_stemmed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Washed and stemmed plum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_mume_in_the_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ripe fruits"><img alt="Ripe fruits" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Prunus_mume_in_the_market.jpg/120px-Prunus_mume_in_the_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Prunus_mume_in_the_market.jpg/180px-Prunus_mume_in_the_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Prunus_mume_in_the_market.jpg/240px-Prunus_mume_in_the_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ripe fruits</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MeihuaShan_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plum blossoms"><img alt="Plum blossoms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/MeihuaShan_1.jpg/120px-MeihuaShan_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/MeihuaShan_1.jpg/180px-MeihuaShan_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/MeihuaShan_1.jpg/240px-MeihuaShan_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plum blossoms</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ume-M2377.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plum blossoms"><img alt="Plum blossoms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ume-M2377.jpg/120px-Ume-M2377.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ume-M2377.jpg/180px-Ume-M2377.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ume-M2377.jpg/240px-Ume-M2377.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plum blossoms</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_mume_Peggy_Clarke_(70052).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prunus mume "Peggy Clarke" blossoms"><img alt="Prunus mume "Peggy Clarke" blossoms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Prunus_mume_Peggy_Clarke_%2870052%29.jpg/120px-Prunus_mume_Peggy_Clarke_%2870052%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Prunus_mume_Peggy_Clarke_%2870052%29.jpg/180px-Prunus_mume_Peggy_Clarke_%2870052%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Prunus_mume_Peggy_Clarke_%2870052%29.jpg/240px-Prunus_mume_Peggy_Clarke_%2870052%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="2546" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Prunus mume</i> "Peggy Clarke" blossoms</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_mume_MHNT.BOT.2010.13.4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross section of a Prunus mume trunk"><img alt="Cross section of a Prunus mume trunk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Prunus_mume_MHNT.BOT.2010.13.4.jpg/120px-Prunus_mume_MHNT.BOT.2010.13.4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Prunus_mume_MHNT.BOT.2010.13.4.jpg/180px-Prunus_mume_MHNT.BOT.2010.13.4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Prunus_mume_MHNT.BOT.2010.13.4.jpg/240px-Prunus_mume_MHNT.BOT.2010.13.4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2279" data-file-height="1555" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cross section of a <i>Prunus mume</i> trunk</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yumeji_Art_Museum04s5s4000.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Weeping plum tree cultivar"><img alt="Weeping plum tree cultivar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Yumeji_Art_Museum04s5s4000.jpg/120px-Yumeji_Art_Museum04s5s4000.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Yumeji_Art_Museum04s5s4000.jpg/180px-Yumeji_Art_Museum04s5s4000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Yumeji_Art_Museum04s5s4000.jpg/240px-Yumeji_Art_Museum04s5s4000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Weeping plum tree cultivar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%88%E9%96%A3%E3%81%A8%E6%A2%85%E6%9E%97_Plum_Grove_and_Osaka_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A grove of Prunus mume"><img alt="A grove of Prunus mume" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%88%E9%96%A3%E3%81%A8%E6%A2%85%E6%9E%97_Plum_Grove_and_Osaka_Castle.jpg/120px-%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%88%E9%96%A3%E3%81%A8%E6%A2%85%E6%9E%97_Plum_Grove_and_Osaka_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%88%E9%96%A3%E3%81%A8%E6%A2%85%E6%9E%97_Plum_Grove_and_Osaka_Castle.jpg/180px-%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%88%E9%96%A3%E3%81%A8%E6%A2%85%E6%9E%97_Plum_Grove_and_Osaka_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%88%E9%96%A3%E3%81%A8%E6%A2%85%E6%9E%97_Plum_Grove_and_Osaka_Castle.jpg/240px-%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%88%E9%96%A3%E3%81%A8%E6%A2%85%E6%9E%97_Plum_Grove_and_Osaka_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A grove of <i>Prunus mume</i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The scientific name combines the Latin <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prunus" class="extiw" title="wikt:prunus"><i>prūnus</i></a> (“<a href="/wiki/Prunus_domestica" title="Prunus domestica">(European) plum tree</a>”) and the obsolete Japanese pronunciation of 梅 (<i>mume</i>). The plant is known by a number of different names in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, including Chinese plum<sup id="cite_ref-RBGKew_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBGKew-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Japanese apricot. An alternative name is <i>ume</i> or <i>mume</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-RBGKew_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBGKew-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another alternative name is <i>mei</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-eflora_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eflora-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The flower is known as the <i>meihua</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">梅花</span></span>) in Chinese, which came to be translated as "plum blossom"<sup id="cite_ref-kilpatrick-jane_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kilpatrick-jane-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or sometimes as "flowering plum".<sup id="cite_ref-welch_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welch-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "winter plum" may be used too, specifically with regard to the depiction of the flower with its early blooming in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">Chinese painting</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The character 梅 was created by combining the semantic component <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8" class="extiw" title="wikt:木">木</a> (“tree”) with the phonetic component <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:每">每</a> (literally meaning "every," pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/*mɯːʔ/</span> in <a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a>, which was similar to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/*mɯː/</span> for "plum"). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, it is called <i>mei</i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:梅">梅</a>) and the fruit is called <i>meizi</i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%AD%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:梅子">梅子</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> name is <i>ume</i> (kanji: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:梅">梅</a>; hiragana: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%86%E3%82%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:うめ">うめ</a>), while the <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> name is <i>maesil</i> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%EC%8B%A4" class="extiw" title="wikt:매실">매실</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%AF%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:梅實">梅實</a></span></span>). The Japanese and Korean terms derive from <a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a>, in which the pronunciation is thought to have been <i>muəi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> name is <i>mai</i> or <i>mơ</i> (although <i>mai vàng</i> refers to a different plant, <i><a href="/wiki/Ochna_integerrima" title="Ochna integerrima">Ochna integerrima</a></i>, in southern Vietnam).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phylogenetic_tree_and_ten_representative_traits_of_348_mei_accessions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Phylogenetic_tree_and_ten_representative_traits_of_348_mei_accessions.jpg/400px-Phylogenetic_tree_and_ten_representative_traits_of_348_mei_accessions.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Phylogenetic_tree_and_ten_representative_traits_of_348_mei_accessions.jpg/600px-Phylogenetic_tree_and_ten_representative_traits_of_348_mei_accessions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Phylogenetic_tree_and_ten_representative_traits_of_348_mei_accessions.jpg/800px-Phylogenetic_tree_and_ten_representative_traits_of_348_mei_accessions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3466" data-file-height="3108" /></a><figcaption>Phylogenetic tree and ten representative traits</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ornamental_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornamental tree">Ornamental tree</a> varieties and cultivars of <i>P. mume</i> have been cultivated for planting in various <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian gardens">gardens throughout East Asia</a>, and for cut blossoming branches used in flower arrangements.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_varieties">Chinese varieties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chinese varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In China, there are over 300 recorded <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> of <i>Prunus mume</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-cas_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cas-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are classified by <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic">phylogenetics</a> (<i>P. mume</i> and two hybrids) in branches, type of branches in groups, and characteristics of flowers in several forms:<sup id="cite_ref-cas_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cas-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Zhizhimei Lei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">直枝梅類</span></span>) [Upright Mei Group], <i>Prunus mume</i> var. <i>typica</i> <ul><li>Pinzimei Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">品字梅型</span></span>) [Pleiocarpa Form]</li> <li>Jiangmei Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">江梅型</span></span>) [Single Flowered Form]</li> <li>Gongfen Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宮粉型</span></span>) [Pink Double Form]</li> <li>Yudie Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">玉蝶型</span></span>) [Alboplena Form]</li> <li>Huangxiang Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">黃香型</span></span>) [Flavescens Form]</li> <li>Lü'e Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">綠萼型</span></span>) [Green Calyx Form]</li> <li>Sajin Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">灑金型</span></span>) [Versicolor Form]</li> <li>Zhusha Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">硃砂型</span></span>) [Cinnabar Purple Form]</li></ul></li> <li>Chuizhimei Lei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">垂枝梅類</span></span>) [Pendulous Mei Group], <i>Prunus mume</i> var. <i>pendula</i> <ul><li>Fenhua Chuizhi Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">粉花垂枝型</span></span>) [Pink Pendulous Form]</li> <li>Wubao Chuizhi Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">五寶垂枝型</span></span>) [Versicolor Pendulous Form]</li> <li>Canxue Chuizhi Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">殘雪垂枝型</span></span>) [Albiflora Pendulous Form]</li> <li>Baibi Chuizhi Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">白碧垂枝型</span></span>) [Viridiflora Pendulous Form]</li> <li>Guhong Chuizhi Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">骨紅垂枝型</span></span>) [Atropurpurea Pendulous Form]</li></ul></li> <li>Longyoumei Lei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">龍游梅類</span></span>) [Tortuous Dragon Group], <i>Prunus mume</i> var. <i>tortuosa</i></li> <li>Xingmei Lei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">杏梅類</span></span>) [Apricot Mei Group], <i>Prunus mume</i> var. <i>bungo</i></li> <li>Yinglimei Lei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">櫻李梅類</span></span>) [Blireiana Group], <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_%C3%97_blireana" class="mw-redirect" title="Prunus × blireana">Prunus × blireana</a>, Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii' × Prunus mume Alphandii</i></li></ul> <p>It is disputed whether <i>Prunus zhengheensis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">政和杏</span>) is a separate species<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or conspecific with <i>Prunus mume</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is found in the Fujian province of China. It is only known from one county, <a href="/wiki/Zhenghe_County" title="Zhenghe County">Zhenghe</a>. It is a tree 35–40 m (110–130 ft) tall, preferring to grow at 700–1,000 m (2,300–3,300 ft) above sea level. The yellow fruit is delectable and aside from its height, it is indistinguishable from <i>P. mume</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_varieties">Japanese varieties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Japanese varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Japan, <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental</a> <i>Prunus mume</i> <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> are classified into <i>yabai</i> (wild), <i>hibai</i> (red), and <i>bungo</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bungo_Province" title="Bungo Province">Bungo Province</a>) types. The <i>bungo</i> trees are also grown for fruit and are hybrids between <i>Prunus mume</i> and apricot. The <i>hibai</i> trees have red <a href="/wiki/Wood#Heartwood_and_sapwood" title="Wood">heartwood</a> and most of them have red flowers. The <i>yabai</i> trees are also used as <a href="/wiki/Grafting" title="Grafting">grafting</a> stock. Among yabai trees, Nankoume is a very popular variety in Japan,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and whose fruits are mainly used for making <a href="/wiki/Umeboshi" title="Umeboshi">Umeboshi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary_use">Culinary use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Culinary use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beverage">Beverage</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Beverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sour_plum_drink.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Sour_plum_drink.jpg/133px-Sour_plum_drink.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Sour_plum_drink.jpg/200px-Sour_plum_drink.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Sour_plum_drink.jpg/266px-Sour_plum_drink.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Suanmeitang" title="Suanmeitang">Suanmeitang</a></i></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_beverage-Maesil_cha-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Korean_beverage-Maesil_cha-01.jpg/133px-Korean_beverage-Maesil_cha-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Korean_beverage-Maesil_cha-01.jpg/200px-Korean_beverage-Maesil_cha-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Korean_beverage-Maesil_cha-01.jpg/266px-Korean_beverage-Maesil_cha-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Maesil-cha" title="Maesil-cha">Maesil-cha</a></i></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:166px;max-width:166px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maehwa-cha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Maehwa-cha.jpg/164px-Maehwa-cha.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Maehwa-cha.jpg/246px-Maehwa-cha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Maehwa-cha.jpg/328px-Maehwa-cha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Maehwa-cha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maehwa-cha">Maehwa-cha</a></i></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In China, <i><a href="/wiki/Suanmeitang" title="Suanmeitang">suanmeitang</a></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">酸梅湯</span></span>; "sour plum juice") is made from <a href="/wiki/Smoked_plum" title="Smoked plum">smoked plums</a>, called <i>wumei</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">烏梅</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-leung_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leung-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plum juice is extracted by boiling smoked plums in water and sweetened with sugar to make <i>suanmeitang</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-leung_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leung-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ranges from light pinkish-orange to purplish black in colour and often has a smoky and slightly salty taste. It is traditionally flavoured with <a href="/wiki/Sweet_osmanthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet osmanthus">sweet osmanthus</a> flowers, and is enjoyed chilled, usually in summer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Korea, both the flowers and the fruits are used to make tea. <i><a href="/wiki/Maehwa-cha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maehwa-cha">Maehwa-cha</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">매화차, 梅花茶</span></span>; "plum blossom tea") is made by infusing the flowers in hot water. <i><a href="/wiki/Maesil-cha" title="Maesil-cha">Maesil-cha</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">매실차, 梅實茶</span></span>; "plum tea") is made by mixing water with <i><a href="/wiki/Maesil-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Maesil-cheong">maesil-cheong</a></i> (plum syrup) and is served either hot or cold.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Japan, a similar drink is made from green plums and tastes sweet and tangy, is considered a cold, refreshing drink, and is often enjoyed in the summer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Condiment">Condiment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Condiment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:82px;max-width:82px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plumsauce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Plumsauce.jpg/80px-Plumsauce.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Plumsauce.jpg/120px-Plumsauce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Plumsauce.jpg/160px-Plumsauce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="1039" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Meizijiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Meizijiang">Meizijiang</a></i></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:206px;max-width:206px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maesilcheong_(plum_syrup)_(prunus_mume).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Maesilcheong_%28plum_syrup%29_%28prunus_mume%29.jpg/204px-Maesilcheong_%28plum_syrup%29_%28prunus_mume%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Maesilcheong_%28plum_syrup%29_%28prunus_mume%29.jpg/306px-Maesilcheong_%28plum_syrup%29_%28prunus_mume%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Maesilcheong_%28plum_syrup%29_%28prunus_mume%29.jpg/408px-Maesilcheong_%28plum_syrup%29_%28prunus_mume%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Maesil-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Maesil-cheong">Maesil-cheong</a></i></div></div></div></div></div> <p>A thick, sweet Chinese sauce called <i>meijiang</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">梅醬</span></span>) or <i>meizijiang</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">梅子醬</span></span>), usually translated as "<a href="/wiki/Plum_sauce" title="Plum sauce">plum sauce</a>", is also made from the plums,<sup id="cite_ref-kilpatrick-jane_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kilpatrick-jane-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with other ingredients such as sugar, vinegar, salt, ginger, chili, and garlic. Similar to <a href="/wiki/Duck_sauce" title="Duck sauce">duck sauce</a>, it is used as a <a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">condiment</a> for various Chinese dishes, including poultry dishes and <a href="/wiki/Egg_roll" title="Egg roll">egg rolls</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Korea, <i><a href="/wiki/Maesil-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Maesil-cheong">maesil-cheong</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">매실청, 梅實淸</span></span>, "plum syrup"), an <a href="/wiki/Anti-microbial" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-microbial">anti-microbial</a> syrup made by <a href="/wiki/Sugaring" title="Sugaring">sugaring</a> ripe plums, is used as a <a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">condiment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sugar_substitute" title="Sugar substitute">sugar substitute</a>. It can be made by simply mixing plums and <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> together, and then leaving them for about 100 days.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To make syrup, the ratio of sugar to plum should be at least 1:1 to prevent <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">fermentation</a>, by which the liquid may turn into <a href="/wiki/Plum_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Plum wine">plum wine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plums can be removed after 100 days, and the syrup can be consumed right away, or mature for a year or more.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flower_pancake">Flower pancake</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flower pancake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maehwajeon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Maehwajeon.jpg/150px-Maehwajeon.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Maehwajeon.jpg/225px-Maehwajeon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Maehwajeon.jpg/300px-Maehwajeon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Maehwa-jeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Maehwa-jeon">Maehwa-jeon</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>In Korea, <i><a href="/wiki/Hwajeon" title="Hwajeon">hwajeon</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">화전, 花煎</span></span>; "flower pancake") can be made with plum blossoms. Called <i><a href="/wiki/Maehwa-jeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Maehwa-jeon">maehwa-jeon</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">매화전, 梅花煎</span></span>; "plum blossom pancake"), the pancake dish is usually sweet, with honey as an ingredient.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Liquor">Liquor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Liquor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:300px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Umeshu_on_the_rocks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Umeshu_on_the_rocks.jpg/288px-Umeshu_on_the_rocks.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Umeshu_on_the_rocks.jpg/432px-Umeshu_on_the_rocks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Umeshu_on_the_rocks.jpg/576px-Umeshu_on_the_rocks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1667" data-file-height="1740" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Umeshu" title="Umeshu">Umeshu</a></i></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Plum liquor, also known as <a href="/wiki/Plum_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Plum wine">plum wine</a>, is popular in both Japan and Korea, and is also produced in China. <i><a href="/wiki/Umeshu" title="Umeshu">Umeshu</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">梅酒</span></span>; "plum wine") is a Japanese alcoholic drink made by steeping green plums in <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">shōchū</a> (clear liquor). It is sweet and smooth. A similar liquor in Korea, called <i><a href="/wiki/Maesil-ju" title="Maesil-ju">maesil-ju</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">매실주, 梅實酒</span></span>; "plum wine"), is marketed under various brand names, including Mae hwa soo, Matchsoon, and Seoljungmae. Both the Japanese and Korean varieties of plum liquor are available with whole plum fruits contained in the bottle. In China, plum wine is called <i>méijiǔ</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">梅酒</span></span>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, a popular 1950s innovation over the Japanese-style plum wine is the <i>wumeijiu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">烏梅酒</span></span>; "smoked plum liquor"), which is made by mixing two types of plum liquor, <i>meijiu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">梅酒</span></span>) made of <i>P. mume</i> and <i>lijiu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李酒</span></span>), made of <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_salicina" title="Prunus salicina">P. salicina</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Oolong" title="Oolong">oolong</a> tea liquor.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Vietnam, ripe plums are macerated in sticky rice liquor. The resulting liquor is called <i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_m%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rượu mơ (page does not exist)">rượu mơ</a></i></span></i>. A brand selling plum liquor is Sơn Tinh.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pickled_and_preserved_plums">Pickled and preserved plums</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pickled and preserved plums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:592px;max-width:592px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:175px;max-width:175px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:115px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_preserved_plum_snack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Chinese_preserved_plum_snack.jpg/173px-Chinese_preserved_plum_snack.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Chinese_preserved_plum_snack.jpg/260px-Chinese_preserved_plum_snack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Chinese_preserved_plum_snack.jpg/346px-Chinese_preserved_plum_snack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Li_hing_mui" title="Li hing mui">Li hing mui</a></i></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:115px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pickledmai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pickledmai.jpg/87px-Pickledmai.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pickledmai.jpg/131px-Pickledmai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pickledmai.jpg/174px-Pickledmai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suanmeizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suanmeizi (page does not exist)">Suanmeizi</a></i></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:115px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Umeboshi2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Umeboshi2.JPG/143px-Umeboshi2.JPG" decoding="async" width="143" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Umeboshi2.JPG/215px-Umeboshi2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Umeboshi2.JPG/286px-Umeboshi2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1376" data-file-height="1108" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Umeboshi" title="Umeboshi">Umeboshi</a></i></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:175px;max-width:175px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:115px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maesiljangajji_(pickled_plum).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Maesiljangajji_%28pickled_plum%29.jpg/173px-Maesiljangajji_%28pickled_plum%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Maesiljangajji_%28pickled_plum%29.jpg/260px-Maesiljangajji_%28pickled_plum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Maesiljangajji_%28pickled_plum%29.jpg/346px-Maesiljangajji_%28pickled_plum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Maesil-jangajji" class="mw-redirect" title="Maesil-jangajji">Maesil-jangajji</a></i></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In Chinese cuisine, plums pickled with vinegar and salt are called <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suanmeizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suanmeizi (page does not exist)">suanmeizi</a></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">酸梅子</span></span>; "sour plum fruits"), and have an intensely sour and salty flavour. They are generally made from unripe plum fruits. <i><a href="/wiki/Li_hing_mui" title="Li hing mui">Huamei</a></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">話梅</span></span>) are Chinese preserved plums and refer to Chinese plums pickled in sugar, salt, and herbs. There are two general varieties: a dried variety, and a wet (pickled) variety.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Umeboshi" title="Umeboshi">Umeboshi</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">梅干</span></span>) are pickled and dried plums. They are a Japanese specialty. Pickled with coarse salt, they are quite salty and sour, and therefore eaten sparingly. They are often red in colour when purple <a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">shiso</a> leaves are used. Plums used for making <i>umeboshi</i> are harvested in late May or early June, while they are ripe enough in yellow, and layered with much salt.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are weighed down with a heavy stone (or some more modern implement) until late August. They are then dried in the sun on bamboo mats for several days (they are returned to the salt at night). The <a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">flavonoid</a> pigment in shiso leaves gives them their distinctive colour and a richer flavour. <i>Umeboshi</i> are generally eaten with rice as part of a <a href="/wiki/Bento" title="Bento">bento</a> (boxed lunch), although they may also be used in <a href="/wiki/Sushi#Makizushi" title="Sushi">makizushi</a> (rolled sushi). <i>Umeboshi</i> are also used as a popular filling for <a href="/wiki/Onigiri" title="Onigiri">rice balls</a> (onigiri) wrapped in <a href="/wiki/Nori" title="Nori">nori</a>. Makizushi made with plums may be made with either <i>umeboshi</i> or <i>bainiku</i> (<i>umeboshi</i> paste), often in conjunction with green shiso leaves. A byproduct of <i>umeboshi</i> production is <i>umeboshi</i> vinegar, a salty, sour condiment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Korea, there is 'maesil-jangajji' which is similar to 'umeboshi'. It is a common side dish in Korea.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A very similar variety of pickled plum, <i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">xí muội</i></span></i> or <i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">ô mai</i></span></i> is used in <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese cuisine</a>. The best fruit for this are from the forest around the <a href="/wiki/Perfume_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfume Pagoda">Hương Pagoda</a> in <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C3%A2y_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Tây Province">Hà Tây Province</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_medicine">Traditional medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Traditional medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Prunus mume</i> is a common fruit in Asia and is used in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_significance">Cultural significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cultural significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plum blossoms have been well-loved and celebrated across the East Asian cultural sphere, which includes China, Vietnam, Korea, and Japan. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1608px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clustering_chinese_plum_blossoms_by_chen_xianzhang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Clustering Chinese Plum Blossoms" by Ming painter Chen Lu, Hunan Provincial Museum collection"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Clustering_chinese_plum_blossoms_by_chen_xianzhang.jpg/1600px-Clustering_chinese_plum_blossoms_by_chen_xianzhang.jpg" decoding="async" width="1600" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Clustering_chinese_plum_blossoms_by_chen_xianzhang.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2315" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Clustering_chinese_plum_blossoms_by_chen_xianzhang.jpg" title="File:Clustering chinese plum blossoms by chen xianzhang.jpg"> </a></div>"Clustering Chinese Plum Blossoms" by <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> painter <a href="/wiki/Chen_Lu_(painter)" title="Chen Lu (painter)">Chen Lu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan_Provincial_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunan Provincial Museum">Hunan Provincial Museum</a> collection</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chinese">Chinese</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Chinese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:258px;max-width:258px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:108px;max-width:108px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chen_Lu-Plum_Blossoms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Chen_Lu-Plum_Blossoms.jpg/106px-Chen_Lu-Plum_Blossoms.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Chen_Lu-Plum_Blossoms.jpg/159px-Chen_Lu-Plum_Blossoms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Chen_Lu-Plum_Blossoms.jpg/212px-Chen_Lu-Plum_Blossoms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="2115" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">"Plum Blossoms" by the painter <a href="/wiki/Chen_Lu_(painter)" title="Chen Lu (painter)">Chen Lu</a> (陳錄)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wang_Mian,_Blossoming_Plum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Wang_Mian%2C_Blossoming_Plum.jpg/144px-Wang_Mian%2C_Blossoming_Plum.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Wang_Mian%2C_Blossoming_Plum.jpg/216px-Wang_Mian%2C_Blossoming_Plum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Wang_Mian%2C_Blossoming_Plum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="689" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">"Blossoming plum" by the painter <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mian" title="Wang Mian">Wang Mian</a> (王冕)</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manual_of_Plum_Blossom_Painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Manual_of_Plum_Blossom_Painting.jpg/220px-Manual_of_Plum_Blossom_Painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Manual_of_Plum_Blossom_Painting.jpg/330px-Manual_of_Plum_Blossom_Painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Manual_of_Plum_Blossom_Painting.jpg/440px-Manual_of_Plum_Blossom_Painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1105" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Manual of Plum Blossom Painting, by Song Dynasty painter Song Boren.</figcaption></figure> <p>The plum blossom, which is known as the <i>meihua</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">梅花</span></span>), is one of the most beloved flowers in China and has been frequently depicted in Chinese art and poetry for centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-welch_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welch-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plum blossom is seen as a symbol of winter and a harbinger of spring.<sup id="cite_ref-welch_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welch-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blossoms are so beloved because they are viewed as blooming most vibrantly amidst the winter snow, exuding an ethereal elegance,<sup id="cite_ref-welch_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welch-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-npm-intro_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npm-intro-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while their fragrance is noticed to still subtly pervade the air at even the coldest times of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-npm-intro_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npm-intro-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-caizq_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caizq-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, the plum blossom came to symbolize perseverance and hope, as well as beauty, purity, and the transitoriness of life.<sup id="cite_ref-welch_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welch-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, the plum blossom stands for the principles and values of virtue.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, it has also been used as a metaphor to symbolize revolutionary struggle since the turn of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because it blossoms in the cold winter, the plum blossom is regarded as one of the "<a href="/wiki/Three_Friends_of_Winter" title="Three Friends of Winter">Three Friends of Winter</a>", along with pine, and bamboo.<sup id="cite_ref-kilpatrick-jane_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kilpatrick-jane-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-heinrich-sally_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heinrich-sally-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plum blossom is also regarded as one of the "<a href="/wiki/Four_Gentlemen" title="Four Gentlemen">Four Gentlemen</a>" of flowers in Chinese art, together with the orchid, chrysanthemum, and bamboo.<sup id="cite_ref-heinrich-sally_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heinrich-sally-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the "Flowers of the Four Seasons", which consist of the orchid (spring), the lotus (summer), the chrysanthemum (autumn) and the plum blossom (winter).<sup id="cite_ref-heinrich-sally_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heinrich-sally-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These groupings are seen repeatedly in the Chinese aesthetic of art, painting, literature, and garden design.<sup id="cite_ref-forsyth_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forsyth-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An example of the plum blossom's literary significance is found in the life and work of poet <a href="/wiki/Lin_Bu" title="Lin Bu">Lin Bu</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">林逋</span></span>) of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279). For much of his later life, Lin Bu lived in quiet reclusion on a cottage by <a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">West Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, China.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to stories, he loved plum blossoms and cranes so much that he considered the plum blossom of Solitary Hill at West Lake as his wife and the cranes of the lake as his children, thus he could live peacefully in solitude.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his most famous poems is "Little Plum Blossom of Hill Garden" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">山園小梅</span></span>). The Chinese text, as well as a translation, follows:<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> </p> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="zh" class="poem"> <p>眾芳搖落獨暄妍，<br /> 占斷風情向小園。<br /> 疏影橫斜水清淺，<br /> 暗香浮動月黃昏。<br /> 霜禽欲下先偷眼，<br /> 粉蝶如知合斷魂。<br /> 幸有微吟可相狎，<br /> 不須檀板共金樽。 </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>When everything has faded they alone shine forth,<br /> encroaching on the charms of smaller gardens.<br /> Their scattered shadows fall lightly on clear water,<br /> their subtle scent pervades the moonlit dusk.<br /> Snowbirds look again before they land,<br /> butterflies would faint if they but knew.<br /> Thankfully, I can flirt in whispered verse,<br /> I don't need a sounding board or winecup. </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As with the literary culture amongst the educated of the time, Lin Bu's poems were discussed in several Song dynasty era commentaries on poetry. Wang Junqing remarked after quoting the third and fourth line: "<i>This is from Lin Hejing's [Lin Bu's] plum blossom poem. Yet these lines might just as well be applied to the flowering apricot, peach, or pear.</i>"—a comparison of the flowers with the plum blossom to which the renowned Song dynasty poet <a href="/wiki/Su_Dongpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Su Dongpo">Su Dongpo</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">蘇東坡</span></span>) replied, "<i>Well, yes, they might. But I'm afraid the flowers of those other trees wouldn't presume to accept such praise.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-caizq_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caizq-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plum blossoms inspired many people of the era.<sup id="cite_ref-dudbridge_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dudbridge-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%95%AB%E9%BA%97%E7%8F%A0%E8%90%83%E7%A7%80_Gathering_Gems_of_Beauty_(%E5%AE%8B%E5%A3%BD%E9%99%BD%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%E7%95%AB%E9%BA%97%E7%8F%A0%E8%90%83%E7%A7%80_Gathering_Gems_of_Beauty_%28%E5%AE%8B%E5%A3%BD%E9%99%BD%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB%29_2.jpg/220px-%E7%95%AB%E9%BA%97%E7%8F%A0%E8%90%83%E7%A7%80_Gathering_Gems_of_Beauty_%28%E5%AE%8B%E5%A3%BD%E9%99%BD%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%E7%95%AB%E9%BA%97%E7%8F%A0%E8%90%83%E7%A7%80_Gathering_Gems_of_Beauty_%28%E5%AE%8B%E5%A3%BD%E9%99%BD%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB%29_2.jpg/330px-%E7%95%AB%E9%BA%97%E7%8F%A0%E8%90%83%E7%A7%80_Gathering_Gems_of_Beauty_%28%E5%AE%8B%E5%A3%BD%E9%99%BD%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/%E7%95%AB%E9%BA%97%E7%8F%A0%E8%90%83%E7%A7%80_Gathering_Gems_of_Beauty_%28%E5%AE%8B%E5%A3%BD%E9%99%BD%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Princess Shouyang, who is prominently featured in a Chinese legend about plum blossoms</figcaption></figure> <p>Legend has it that once on the 7th day of the 1st lunar month, while Princess Shouyang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">壽陽公主</span></span>), daughter of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Liu_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Wu of Liu Song">Emperor Wu of Liu Song</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">劉宋武帝</span></span>), was resting under the eaves of Hanzhang Palace near the plum trees after wandering in the gardens, a plum blossom drifted down onto her fair face, leaving a floral imprint on her forehead that enhanced her beauty further.<sup id="cite_ref-cai_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cai-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bettyw_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bettyw-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-w&e_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w&e-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court ladies were said to be so impressed that they started decorating their own foreheads with a small delicate plum blossom design.<sup id="cite_ref-cai_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cai-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bettyw_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bettyw-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chinat_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinat-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is also the mythical origin of the floral fashion, <i><a href="/wiki/Huadian_(make-up)" title="Huadian (make-up)">meihua chuang</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-bettyw_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bettyw-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (梅花妝; literally "plum blossom makeup"), that originated in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Dynasties">Southern Dynasties</a> (420–589) and became popular amongst ladies in the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a> (618–907) and <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> (960–1279) dynasties.<sup id="cite_ref-chinat_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinat-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-huamei_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huamei-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The markings of plum blossom designs on the foreheads of court ladies were usually made with paintlike materials such as <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a> powder, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> powder, <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a>, and other tint substances. Princess Shouyang is celebrated as the goddess of the plum blossom in Chinese culture.<sup id="cite_ref-bettyw_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bettyw-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-w&e_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w&e-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644), the garden designer <a href="/wiki/Ji_Cheng_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Ji Cheng (Ming dynasty)">Ji Cheng</a> wrote his definitive garden architecture monograph <i><a href="/wiki/The_Craft_of_Gardens" title="The Craft of Gardens">Yuanye</a></i> and in it, he described the plum tree as the "beautiful woman of the forest and moon".<sup id="cite_ref-dudbridge_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dudbridge-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appreciation of nature at night plays an important role in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese gardens">Chinese gardens</a>. For this reason, there are classical pavilions for the tradition of viewing plum blossoms by the moonlight.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flowers are viewed and enjoyed by many as annual plum blossom festivals take place in the blooming seasons of the <i>meihua</i>. The festivals take place throughout China (for example, <a href="/wiki/West_Lake" title="West Lake">West Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a> and scenic spots near <a href="/wiki/Zijin_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Zijin Mountain">Zijin Mountain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, amongst other places).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plum blossoms are often used as decoration during the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Spring Festival (Chinese New Year)</a> and remain popular in the miniature gardening plants of the art of <a href="/wiki/Penjing" title="Penjing">penjing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-welch_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welch-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Branches of plum blossoms are often arranged in <a href="/wiki/Porcelain" title="Porcelain">porcelain</a> or ceramic vases, such as the <a href="/wiki/Meiping" title="Meiping">meiping</a> (literally "plum vase").<sup id="cite_ref-welch17_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welch17-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These vases can hold single branches of plum blossoms and have been traditionally used to display the blossoms in a home since the early <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Moy_Yat" title="Moy Yat">Moy Yat</a> lineage of <a href="/wiki/Wing_Chun" title="Wing Chun">Wing Chun</a> <a href="/wiki/Kung_fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kung fu">kung fu</a> uses a red plum flower blossom as its symbol. The plum blossoms are featured on one of the four flowers that appear on <a href="/wiki/Mahjong_tile_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahjong tile set">mahjong tile sets</a>, where <i>mei</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">梅</span></span>) is usually simply translated as "plum" in English.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been suggested that the Japanese practice of <i>hanami</i> may have originated from the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> custom of enjoying poetry and wine underneath plum blossom trees while viewing their flowers, that was replicated by Japanese elites. This is supported by the fact that <i>hanami</i> started in urban areas rather than rural areas, that Japanese people initially admired plum blossoms like the Chinese rather than cherry blossoms, and that classic Japanese poetry does not associate <a href="/wiki/Cherry_blossom" title="Cherry blossom">cherry blossoms</a> with merriness.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Flower_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Flower of the Republic of China">National Flower of the Republic of China</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg/220px-China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg/330px-China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg/440px-China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Plum blossoms painted on <a href="/wiki/China_Airlines" title="China Airlines">China Airlines</a> aircraft tails.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Flower_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Flower of the Republic of China">National Flower of the Republic of China</a> (Taiwan) was officially designated as the plum blossom (<i>Prunus Mei</i>; <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">梅花</span>) by the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> on July 21, 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-roc_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roc-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plum blossom is the symbol for resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity during the harsh winter.<sup id="cite_ref-npm-roc_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npm-roc-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tw_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tw-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The triple grouping of stamens (three stamens per petal) on the national emblem represents <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People">Three Principles of the People</a>, while the five petals symbolize the five branches of the government.<sup id="cite_ref-roc_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roc-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tw_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tw-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also serves as the logo of <a href="/wiki/China_Airlines" title="China Airlines">China Airlines</a>, the national carrier of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flower is featured on some <a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a> coins.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Korean">Korean</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Korean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:245px;max-width:245px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lidded_Prunus_Vase_(Meiping)_with_Lotus_Sprays_LACMA_AC1999.38.6.1-.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Lidded_Prunus_Vase_%28Meiping%29_with_Lotus_Sprays_LACMA_AC1999.38.6.1-.2.jpg/120px-Lidded_Prunus_Vase_%28Meiping%29_with_Lotus_Sprays_LACMA_AC1999.38.6.1-.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Lidded_Prunus_Vase_%28Meiping%29_with_Lotus_Sprays_LACMA_AC1999.38.6.1-.2.jpg/180px-Lidded_Prunus_Vase_%28Meiping%29_with_Lotus_Sprays_LACMA_AC1999.38.6.1-.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Lidded_Prunus_Vase_%28Meiping%29_with_Lotus_Sprays_LACMA_AC1999.38.6.1-.2.jpg/240px-Lidded_Prunus_Vase_%28Meiping%29_with_Lotus_Sprays_LACMA_AC1999.38.6.1-.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%83%81%EA%B0%90%EB%A7%A4%EC%A3%BD%ED%95%99%EB%AC%B8_%EB%A7%A4%EB%B3%91_(%EB%B3%B4%EB%AC%BC_%EC%A0%9C1168%ED%98%B8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%83%81%EA%B0%90%EB%A7%A4%EC%A3%BD%ED%95%99%EB%AC%B8_%EB%A7%A4%EB%B3%91_%28%EB%B3%B4%EB%AC%BC_%EC%A0%9C1168%ED%98%B8%29.jpg/117px-%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%83%81%EA%B0%90%EB%A7%A4%EC%A3%BD%ED%95%99%EB%AC%B8_%EB%A7%A4%EB%B3%91_%28%EB%B3%B4%EB%AC%BC_%EC%A0%9C1168%ED%98%B8%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%83%81%EA%B0%90%EB%A7%A4%EC%A3%BD%ED%95%99%EB%AC%B8_%EB%A7%A4%EB%B3%91_%28%EB%B3%B4%EB%AC%BC_%EC%A0%9C1168%ED%98%B8%29.jpg/176px-%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%83%81%EA%B0%90%EB%A7%A4%EC%A3%BD%ED%95%99%EB%AC%B8_%EB%A7%A4%EB%B3%91_%28%EB%B3%B4%EB%AC%BC_%EC%A0%9C1168%ED%98%B8%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%83%81%EA%B0%90%EB%A7%A4%EC%A3%BD%ED%95%99%EB%AC%B8_%EB%A7%A4%EB%B3%91_%28%EB%B3%B4%EB%AC%BC_%EC%A0%9C1168%ED%98%B8%29.jpg/234px-%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%83%81%EA%B0%90%EB%A7%A4%EC%A3%BD%ED%95%99%EB%AC%B8_%EB%A7%A4%EB%B3%91_%28%EB%B3%B4%EB%AC%BC_%EC%A0%9C1168%ED%98%B8%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> <a href="/wiki/Meiping" title="Meiping">meiping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> maebyong</div></div></div></div> <p>In Korea, the plum blossom is a symbol for spring.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a popular flower motif, amongst other flowers, for <a href="/wiki/Korean_embroidery" title="Korean embroidery">Korean embroidery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maebyong are plum vases derived from the Chinese meiping and are traditionally used to hold branches of plum blossoms in Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Korean <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">ceramist</a> Master <a href="/wiki/Kim_Se-yong_(ceramist)" title="Kim Se-yong (ceramist)">Kim Se-yong</a> incorporates the blossom into many of his <a href="/wiki/Openwork" title="Openwork">openwork</a> <a href="/wiki/Celadon" title="Celadon">celadon</a> vases. </p><p>Also, during <a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean Empire</a> period, the plum blossom became <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Seal_of_Korea" title="Imperial Seal of Korea">the imperial seal</a> and royal official flower. Since ancient times, plum blossom has been filled with meaning and mystery. Plum blossoms bloom at the end of the winter, and because of this, they are called the herald of spring. They also symbolize perseverance because of how they can possibly bloom during the cold winter. Since they are considered the first flower of the year, they also represent purity and renewal. Plum flowers have five petals which are believed to carry 5 different blessings such as: wealth, health, virtue, peaceful and natural death.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese">Japanese</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Japanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plum blossoms are often mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_poetry" title="Japanese poetry">Japanese poetry</a> as a symbol of spring, as well as elegance and purity. When used in <a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">haiku</a> or <a href="/wiki/Renga" title="Renga">renga</a>, they are a <i><a href="/wiki/Kigo" title="Kigo">kigo</a></i> or season word for early spring. The blossoms are associated with the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_bush_warbler" title="Japanese bush warbler">Japanese bush warbler</a> and are depicted together on one of the twelve <a href="/wiki/Suit_(cards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (cards)">suits</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hanafuda" title="Hanafuda">hanafuda</a> (Japanese playing cards).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plum blossoms were favored during the <a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a> (710–794) until the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a> (794–1185), in which the cherry blossom was preferred.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japanese tradition holds that the <i>ume</i> functions as a protective charm against evil, so the <i>ume</i> is traditionally planted in the northeast of the garden, the direction from which evil is believed to come. The eating of the pickled fruit for breakfast is also supposed to stave off misfortune.<sup id="cite_ref-lp_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lp-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tradition of <a href="/wiki/Hanami" title="Hanami">hanami</a> was originally performed with plum blossoms rather than <a href="/wiki/Cherry_blossom" title="Cherry blossom">cherry blossoms</a> as is common today. The specific custom of viewing plum blossoms in Japan is now called <i>umemi</i> (梅見, plum-viewing).<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vietnamese">Vietnamese</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Vietnamese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, due to the beauty of the tree and its flowers, the word <i>mai</i> is used to name girls. The largest hospital in Hanoi is named <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1ch_Mai_Hospital" title="Bạch Mai Hospital">Bạch Mai</a> (white plum blossom),<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> another hospital in Hanoi is named <a href="/wiki/Mai_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Hospital" title="Mai Hương Hospital">Mai Hương</a> ("the scent of plum"), situated in Hồng Mai (pink plum blossom) street.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_Mai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàng Mai District">Hoàng Mai</a> (yellow plum blossom) is the name of a district in <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>. Bạch Mai is also a long and old street in Hanoi. All these places are located in the south part of Hanoi, where, in the past, many <i>P. mume</i> trees were grown.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Ume-shu" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Ume-shu"> Ume-shu</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Umeboshi" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Umeboshi"> Umeboshi</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_garden" title="Chinese garden">Chinese garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese cuisine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_salicina" title="Prunus salicina">Prunus salicina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greengage" title="Greengage">Greengage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Muifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoon Muifa">Typhoon Muifa</a>, various typhoons named for the <a href="/wiki/Macanese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Macanese language">Macanese</a> form of the Chinese word for the plum blossom</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). <i>Prunus mume. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</i> 2019: e.T136775345A136775347. Downloaded on 24 March 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RBGKew-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RBGKew_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RBGKew_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RBGKew_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RBGKew_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109224525/http://www.kew.org/plants-fungi/Prunus-mume.htm">"<i>Prunus mume</i> (mume)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/plants-fungi/Prunus-mume.htm">the original</a> on November 9, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prunus+mume+%28mume%29&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fplants-fungi%2FPrunus-mume.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanGiam2008" class="citation book cs1">Tan, Hugh T.W.; Giam, Xingli (2008). <i>Plant magic: auspicious and inauspicious plants from around the world</i>. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789812614278" title="Special:BookSources/9789812614278"><bdi>9789812614278</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant+magic%3A+auspicious+and+inauspicious+plants+from+around+the+world&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Editions&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789812614278&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Hugh+T.W.&rft.au=Giam%2C+Xingli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuitertPeterse1999" class="citation book cs1">Kuitert, Wybe; Peterse, Arie (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japaneseflowerin00kuit/page/42"><i>Japanese flowering cherries</i></a>. 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Et ZUCC)"</a>. <i>Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin</i>. <b>31</b> (3): 511–515. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1248%2Fbpb.31.511">10.1248/bpb.31.511</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18310920">18310920</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+%26+Pharmaceutical+Bulletin&rft.atitle=In+Vitro+Inhibition+of+Human+Influenza+a+Virus+Infection+by+Fruit-Juice+Concentrate+of+Japanese+Plum+%28Prunus+mume+SIEB.+Et+ZUCC%29&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=511-515&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1248%2Fbpb.31.511&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18310920&rft.aulast=Yingsakmongkon&rft.aufirst=Sangchai&rft.au=Miyamoto%2C+Daisei&rft.au=Sriwilaijaroen%2C+Nongluk&rft.au=Fujita%2C+Kimie&rft.au=Matsumoto%2C+Kosai&rft.au=Jampangern%2C+Wipawee&rft.au=Hiramatsu%2C+Hiroaki&rft.au=Guo%2C+Chao-Tan&rft.au=Sawada%2C+Toshihiko&rft.au=Takahashi%2C+Tadanobu&rft.au=Hidari%2C+Kazuya&rft.au=Suzuki%2C+Takashi&rft.au=Ito%2C+Morihiro&rft.au=Ito%2C+Yasuhiko&rft.au=Suzuki%2C+Yasuo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp%2Farticle%2Fbpb%2F31%2F3%2F31_3_511%2F_article%2F-char%2Fja%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFan2010" class="citation book cs1">Fan, Chengda (2010). <i>Treatises of the Supervisor and Guardian of the Cinnamon Sea</i> (Translated ed.). <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>: University of Washington Press. p. LV. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780295990798" title="Special:BookSources/9780295990798"><bdi>9780295990798</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treatises+of+the+Supervisor+and+Guardian+of+the+Cinnamon+Sea&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pages=LV&rft.edition=Translated&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780295990798&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.aufirst=Chengda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2009" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Kim (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RO6oOWxhA_gC"><i>Oh garden of fresh possibilities!</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>: <a href="/wiki/David_R._Godine,_Publisher" class="mw-redirect" title="David R. Godine, Publisher">David R. Godine, Publisher</a>. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56792-330-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56792-330-8"><bdi>978-1-56792-330-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oh+garden+of+fresh+possibilities%21&rft.place=New+Hampshire&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=David+R.+Godine%2C+Publisher&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-56792-330-8&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRO6oOWxhA_gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VWNMAAAAYAAJ">"Gardening"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_(journal)" title="The Garden (journal)">The Garden</a></i>. <b>112</b>: 224. 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Garden&rft.atitle=Gardening&rft.volume=112&rft.pages=224&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVWNMAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uem-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uem_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUematsuSasakumaOgihara1991" class="citation journal cs1">Uematsu, Chiyomi; Sasakuma, Tetsuo; Ogihara, Yasunari (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1266%2Fjjg.66.59">"Phylogenetic relationships in the stone fruit group of <i>Prunus</i> as revealed by restriction fragment analysis of chloroplast DNA"</a>. <i>The Japanese Journal of Genetics</i>. <b>66</b> (1): 60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1266%2Fjjg.66.59">10.1266/jjg.66.59</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1676591">1676591</a>. <q><i>P. mume</i> had its origin in South China around the Yangtze River (Kyotani, 1989b).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japanese+Journal+of+Genetics&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+relationships+in+the+stone+fruit+group+of+Prunus+as+revealed+by+restriction+fragment+analysis+of+chloroplast+DNA&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=60&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1266%2Fjjg.66.59&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1676591&rft.aulast=Uematsu&rft.aufirst=Chiyomi&rft.au=Sasakuma%2C+Tetsuo&rft.au=Ogihara%2C+Yasunari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1266%252Fjjg.66.59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYü2016" class="citation book cs1">Yü, Ying-shih (2016-09-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mb-lDAAAQBAJ&q=Chinese+History+and+Culture%3A+Sixth+Century+B.C.E.+to+Seventeenth+Century+Get+access++Ying-shih+Y%C3%BC"><i>Chinese History and Culture: Sixth Century B.C.E. to Seventeenth Century, Volume 1</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-54201-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-54201-2"><bdi>978-0-231-54201-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+History+and+Culture%3A+Sixth+Century+B.C.E.+to+Seventeenth+Century%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2016-09-20&rft.isbn=978-0-231-54201-2&rft.aulast=Y%C3%BC&rft.aufirst=Ying-shih&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmb-lDAAAQBAJ%26q%3DChinese%2BHistory%2Band%2BCulture%253A%2BSixth%2BCentury%2BB.C.E.%2Bto%2BSeventeenth%2BCentury%2BGet%2Baccess%2B%2BYing-shih%2BY%25C3%25BC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaoDingZhangLuo2019" class="citation journal cs1">Bao, Fei; Ding, Anqi; Zhang, Tengxun; Luo, Le; Wang, Jia; Cheng, Tangren; Zhang, Qixiang (2019-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6355818">"Expansion of PmBEAT genes in the Prunus mume genome induces characteristic floral scent production"</a>. <i>Horticulture Research</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 24. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019HorR....6...24B">2019HorR....6...24B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41438-018-0104-4">10.1038/s41438-018-0104-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2052-7276">2052-7276</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6355818">6355818</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30729014">30729014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Horticulture+Research&rft.atitle=Expansion+of+PmBEAT+genes+in+the+Prunus+mume+genome+induces+characteristic+floral+scent+production&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24&rft.date=2019-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6355818%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019HorR....6...24B&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30729014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41438-018-0104-4&rft.issn=2052-7276&rft.aulast=Bao&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft.au=Ding%2C+Anqi&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Tengxun&rft.au=Luo%2C+Le&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jia&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Tangren&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Qixiang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6355818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fang-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fang_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFangTwito,_TZhang,_ZChao,_CT2006" class="citation journal cs1">Fang, J; Twito, T; Zhang, Z; Chao, CT (October 2006). "Genetic relationships among fruiting-mei (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) cultivars evaluated with AFLP and SNP markers". <i>Genome</i>. <b>49</b> (10): 1256–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fg06-097">10.1139/g06-097</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17213907">17213907</a>. <q>The results demonstrate that mei cultivars from Japan are clustered with cultivars from China, and support the hypothesis that mei in Japan were introduced from China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome&rft.atitle=Genetic+relationships+among+fruiting-mei+%28Prunus+mume+Sieb.+et+Zucc.%29+cultivars+evaluated+with+AFLP+and+SNP+markers.&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1256-64&rft.date=2006-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fg06-097&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17213907&rft.aulast=Fang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Twito%2C+T&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Z&rft.au=Chao%2C+CT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eflora-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eflora_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eflora_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eflora_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eflora_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eflora_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eflora_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200010631">"Armeniaca mume in Flora of China"</a>. <i>eFloras</i>. Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis, MO) & Harvard University Herbaria (Cambridge, MA)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eFloras&rft.atitle=Armeniaca+mume+in+Flora+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efloras.org%2Fflorataxon.aspx%3Fflora_id%3D2%26taxon_id%3D200010631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWessel" class="citation web cs1">Wessel, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wesselsgardenway.com/2011/03/24/prunus-mume-a-bridge-between-winter-and-spring/">"Prunus mume: A bridge between winter and spring"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prunus+mume%3A+A+bridge+between+winter+and+spring.&rft.aulast=Wessel&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwesselsgardenway.com%2F2011%2F03%2F24%2Fprunus-mume-a-bridge-between-winter-and-spring%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert_Edgar1993" class="citation book cs1">Herbert Edgar, Wright (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c93dGzg8vM8C"><i>Global climates since the last glacial maximum</i></a>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 251. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-2145-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-2145-3"><bdi>978-0-8166-2145-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+climates+since+the+last+glacial+maximum&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-2145-3&rft.aulast=Herbert+Edgar&rft.aufirst=Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc93dGzg8vM8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/prunus-mume/">"Prunus mume (Japanese Apricot) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prunus+mume+%28Japanese+Apricot%29+%26%23124%3B+North+Carolina+Extension+Gardener+Plant+Toolbox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplants.ces.ncsu.edu%2Fplants%2Fprunus-mume%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangZhangSunFan2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Qixiang; Zhang, He; Sun, Lidan; Fan, Guangyi; Ye, Meixia; Jiang, Libo; Liu, Xin; Ma, Kaifeng; Shi, Chengcheng; Bao, Fei; Guan, Rui; Han, Yu; Fu, Yuanyuan; Pan, Huitang; Chen, Zhaozhe; Li, Liangwei; Wang, Jia; Lv, Meiqi; Zheng, Tangchun; Yuan, Cunquan; Zhou, Yuzhen; Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen; Yan, Xiaolan; Xu, Xun; Wu, Rongling; Chen, Wenbin; Cheng, Tangren (27 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923208">"The genetic architecture of floral traits in the woody plant Prunus mume"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 1702. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCo...9.1702Z">2018NatCo...9.1702Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-018-04093-z">10.1038/s41467-018-04093-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923208">5923208</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29703940">29703940</a>. <q>Mei (<i>Prunus mume</i>) is an ornamental woody plant that has been domesticated in East Asia for thousands of years.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=The+genetic+architecture+of+floral+traits+in+the+woody+plant+Prunus+mume&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1702&rft.date=2018-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5923208%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29703940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-018-04093-z&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018NatCo...9.1702Z&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Qixiang&rft.au=Zhang%2C+He&rft.au=Sun%2C+Lidan&rft.au=Fan%2C+Guangyi&rft.au=Ye%2C+Meixia&rft.au=Jiang%2C+Libo&rft.au=Liu%2C+Xin&rft.au=Ma%2C+Kaifeng&rft.au=Shi%2C+Chengcheng&rft.au=Bao%2C+Fei&rft.au=Guan%2C+Rui&rft.au=Han%2C+Yu&rft.au=Fu%2C+Yuanyuan&rft.au=Pan%2C+Huitang&rft.au=Chen%2C+Zhaozhe&rft.au=Li%2C+Liangwei&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jia&rft.au=Lv%2C+Meiqi&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Tangchun&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Cunquan&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Yuzhen&rft.au=Lee%2C+Simon+Ming-Yuen&rft.au=Yan%2C+Xiaolan&rft.au=Xu%2C+Xun&rft.au=Wu%2C+Rongling&rft.au=Chen%2C+Wenbin&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Tangren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5923208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kilpatrick-jane-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kilpatrick-jane_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kilpatrick-jane_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kilpatrick-jane_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilpatrick2007" class="citation book cs1">Kilpatrick, Jane (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dgsfa13J2OIC"><i>Gifts from the Gardens of China</i></a>. 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New York: Springer. p. 273. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84882-111-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84882-111-8"><bdi>978-1-84882-111-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Chinese+medicine&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84882-111-8&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Zhanwen&rft.au=Liu%2C+Liang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npm-intro-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npm-intro_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npm-intro_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npm.gov.tw/exh91/3friends/english/infor.htm">"The Three Friends of Winter: Paintings of Pine, Plum, and Bamboo from the Museum Collection (Introduction)"</a>. National Palace Museum. January 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Three+Friends+of+Winter%3A+Paintings+of+Pine%2C+Plum%2C+and+Bamboo+from+the+Museum+Collection+%28Introduction%29&rft.pub=National+Palace+Museum&rft.date=2003-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npm.gov.tw%2Fexh91%2F3friends%2Fenglish%2Finfor.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-caizq-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-caizq_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-caizq_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCai2008" class="citation book cs1">Cai, Zong-qi (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h8fWf7pYOIUC"><i>How to read Chinese poetry: A guided anthology</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 210–311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13941-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13941-0"><bdi>978-0-231-13941-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+read+Chinese+poetry%3A+A+guided+anthology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=210-311&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-13941-0&rft.aulast=Cai&rft.aufirst=Zong-qi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh8fWf7pYOIUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartókRonan1994" class="citation book cs1">Bartók, Mira; Ronan, Christine (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6hSIQpK4myMC"><i>Ancient China</i></a>. Good Year Books. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-673-36180-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-673-36180-6"><bdi>978-0-673-36180-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+China&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Good+Year+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-673-36180-6&rft.aulast=Bart%C3%B3k&rft.aufirst=Mira&rft.au=Ronan%2C+Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6hSIQpK4myMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIp2005" class="citation book cs1">Ip, Hung-yok (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Eazcy0Zrt7QC"><i>Intellectuals in revolutionary China, 1921-1949: leaders, heroes and sophisticates</i></a>. Oxfordshire: Routledge. pp. 103, 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35165-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35165-2"><bdi>978-0-415-35165-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intellectuals+in+revolutionary+China%2C+1921-1949%3A+leaders%2C+heroes+and+sophisticates&rft.place=Oxfordshire&rft.pages=103%2C+110&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35165-2&rft.aulast=Ip&rft.aufirst=Hung-yok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEazcy0Zrt7QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heinrich-sally-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heinrich-sally_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heinrich-sally_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heinrich-sally_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinrich2007" class="citation book cs1">Heinrich, Sally (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GchvhEH7BHIC"><i>Key into China</i></a>. Curriculum Press. pp. 28, 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86366-697-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86366-697-8"><bdi>978-1-86366-697-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Key+into+China&rft.pages=28%2C+80&rft.pub=Curriculum+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-86366-697-8&rft.aulast=Heinrich&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGchvhEH7BHIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forsyth-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-forsyth_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForsyth2010" class="citation book cs1">Forsyth, Holly (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I62swaaPP3oC"><i>Gardens of Eden: Among the World's Most Beautiful Gardens</i></a>. The Miegunyah Press. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780522857764" title="Special:BookSources/9780522857764"><bdi>9780522857764</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardens+of+Eden%3A+Among+the+World%27s+Most+Beautiful+Gardens&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=The+Miegunyah+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780522857764&rft.aulast=Forsyth&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI62swaaPP3oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFong2008" class="citation book cs1">Fong, Grace S. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CWBRWV8Zug0C"><i>Herself an author: gender, agency, and writing in late Imperial China</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3186-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3186-8"><bdi>978-0-8248-3186-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herself+an+author%3A+gender%2C+agency%2C+and+writing+in+late+Imperial+China&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-3186-8&rft.aulast=Fong&rft.aufirst=Grace+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCWBRWV8Zug0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">China Travel Guide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/zhejiang/hangzhou/solitary.htm">"Gu Shan (Solitary Hill)"</a>. Retrieved 9 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2003" class="citation book cs1">Schmidt, Jerry Dean (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nB1feh4lXw4C"><i>Harmony Garden: the life, literary criticism, and poetry of Yuan Mei (1716-1799)</i></a>. London: Routledge. p. 641. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1525-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1525-1"><bdi>978-0-7007-1525-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harmony+Garden%3A+the+life%2C+literary+criticism%2C+and+poetry+of+Yuan+Mei+%281716-1799%29&rft.place=London&rft.pages=641&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-1525-1&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Jerry+Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnB1feh4lXw4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Red Pine. Poems of the Masters. Port Townsend, Copper Canyon Press, 2003, p. 453.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dudbridge-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dudbridge_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dudbridge_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudbridgeBerg,_Daria2007" class="citation book cs1">Dudbridge, Glen; Berg, Daria (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rPwu3MsCebcC"><i>Reading China</i></a>. Leiden: Brill. pp. 56–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15483-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15483-4"><bdi>978-90-04-15483-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+China&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=56-58&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15483-4&rft.aulast=Dudbridge&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft.au=Berg%2C+Daria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrPwu3MsCebcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cai-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cai_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cai_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCai,_Zong-qi2008" class="citation book cs1">Cai, Zong-qi, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h8fWf7pYOIUC&pg=PA295"><i>How to read Chinese poetry: A guided anthology</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 295. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13941-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13941-0"><bdi>978-0-231-13941-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+read+Chinese+poetry%3A+A+guided+anthology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-13941-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh8fWf7pYOIUC%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bettyw-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bettyw_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bettyw_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bettyw_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bettyw_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang" class="citation web cs1">Wang, Betty. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525043800/http://taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=115157&CtNode=1900">"Flower deities mark the lunar months with stories of Love & Tragedy"</a>. <i>Taiwan Review</i>. Government Information Office, Republic of China. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=115157&CtNode=1900">the original</a> on 25 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+Review&rft.atitle=Flower+deities+mark+the+lunar+months+with+stories+of+Love+%26+Tragedy&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Betty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaiwanreview.nat.gov.tw%2Fct.asp%3FxItem%3D115157%26CtNode%3D1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w&e-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-w&e_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w&e_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?ei=qXyQTqOYOIqVOpbimcwN">"Taiwan periodicals_West & East"</a>. <i>West & East 中美月刊</i>. 36–37: 9. 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-3047">0043-3047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=West+%26+East+%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%88%E5%88%8A&rft.atitle=Taiwan+periodicals_West+%26+East&rft.volume=36-37&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1991&rft.issn=0043-3047&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fei%3DqXyQTqOYOIqVOpbimcwN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chinat-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chinat_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chinat_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuo" class="citation web cs1">Huo, Jianying. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509163143/http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/English/e2004/e200411/p60.htm">"Ancient Cosmetology"</a>. China Today. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/English/e2004/e200411/p60.htm">the original</a> on 9 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancient+Cosmetology&rft.pub=China+Today&rft.aulast=Huo&rft.aufirst=Jianying&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinatoday.com.cn%2FEnglish%2Fe2004%2Fe200411%2Fp60.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-huamei-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-huamei_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMei2011" class="citation book cs1">Mei, Hua (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ayKNyCz0cOEC"><i>Chinese clothing</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-18689-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-18689-6"><bdi>978-0-521-18689-6</bdi></a>. <q>For example, the Huadian or forehead decoration was said to have originated in the South Dynasty, when the Shouyang Princess was taking a walk in the palace in early spring and a light breeze brought a plum blossom onto her forehead. The plum blossom for some reason could not be washed off or removed in any way. Fortunately, it looked beautiful on her, and all of a sudden became all the rage among the girls of the commoners. It is therefore called the "Shouyang makeup" or the "plum blossom makeup." This makeup was popular among women for a long time in the Tang and Song Dynasties.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+clothing&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-18689-6&rft.aulast=Mei&rft.aufirst=Hua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DayKNyCz0cOEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThacker1985" class="citation book cs1">Thacker, Christopher (1985). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofgardens00chri"><i>The history of gardens</i></a></span>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofgardens00chri/page/57">57</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-05629-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-05629-9"><bdi>978-0-520-05629-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+gardens&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-520-05629-9&rft.aulast=Thacker&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofgardens00chri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/video/2010-02/24/content_19467998.htm">Int'l Plum Blossom Festival draws crowds in Nanjing</a>. Retrieved 9 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarperFallon2005" class="citation book cs1">Harper, Damian; Fallon, Steve (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetchin00dami_1"><i>China</i></a></span>. Lonely Planet. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetchin00dami_1/page/228">228</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781740596879" title="Special:BookSources/9781740596879"><bdi>9781740596879</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781740596879&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft.au=Fallon%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flonelyplanetchin00dami_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-welch17-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-welch17_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Bjaaland_Welch2008" class="citation book cs1">Patricia Bjaaland Welch (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chineseartguidet0000welc"><i>Chinese art: a guide to motifs and visual imagery</i></a></span>. North Clarendon: Tuttle Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chineseartguidet0000welc/page/17">17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8048-3864-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8048-3864-1"><bdi>978-0-8048-3864-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+art%3A+a+guide+to+motifs+and+visual+imagery&rft.place=North+Clarendon&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8048-3864-1&rft.au=Patricia+Bjaaland+Welch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchineseartguidet0000welc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansman1985" class="citation book cs1">Hansman, John (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NEnp8GwlDJkC"><i>Julfār, an Arabian port: Its settlement and Far Eastern ceramic trade from the 14th to the 18th centuries</i></a>. London: Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-947593-01-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-947593-01-8"><bdi>978-0-947593-01-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Julf%C4%81r%2C+an+Arabian+port%3A+Its+settlement+and+Far+Eastern+ceramic+trade+from+the+14th+to+the+18th+centuries&rft.place=London&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-947593-01-8&rft.aulast=Hansman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNEnp8GwlDJkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/373257/meiping">"meiping"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=meiping&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F373257%2Fmeiping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slam.org/asia/works/06.html">"Prunus Vase (meiping)"</a>. Saint Louis Art Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prunus+Vase+%28meiping%29&rft.pub=Saint+Louis+Art+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slam.org%2Fasia%2Fworks%2F06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930122645/http://www.guimet.fr/spip.php?page=mot&id_mot=283&id_article=9">"Meiping"</a>. Musée Guimet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guimet.fr/spip.php?page=mot&id_mot=283&id_article=9">the original</a> on 30 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meiping&rft.pub=Mus%C3%A9e+Guimet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guimet.fr%2Fspip.php%3Fpage%3Dmot%26id_mot%3D283%26id_article%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLo2001" class="citation book cs1">Lo, Amy (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofmahjongill00loam/page/47"><i>The book of mahjong: An illustrated guide</i></a>. Boston: Tuttle Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofmahjongill00loam/page/47">47–48</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8048-3302-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8048-3302-8"><bdi>978-0-8048-3302-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+book+of+mahjong%3A+An+illustrated+guide&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=47-48&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8048-3302-8&rft.aulast=Lo&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofmahjongill00loam%2Fpage%2F47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannes_PalangHelen_SooväliAnu_Printsmann2007" class="citation book cs1">Hannes Palang; Helen Sooväli; Anu Printsmann (2007). <i>Seasonal Landscapes Volume 7 of Landscape Series</i>. Springer. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1402049903" title="Special:BookSources/978-1402049903"><bdi>978-1402049903</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seasonal+Landscapes+Volume+7+of+Landscape+Series&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1402049903&rft.au=Hannes+Palang&rft.au=Helen+Soov%C3%A4li&rft.au=Anu+Printsmann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roc-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roc_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roc_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/aboutroc/national_flower.htm">Government Information Office, Republic of China - National Flower</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805163640/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/aboutroc/national_flower.htm">Archived</a> 2011-08-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 9 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npm-roc-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-npm-roc_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npm.gov.tw/exh91/3friends/english/infor.htm">"The Three Friends of Winter: Paintings of Pine, Plum, and Bamboo from the Museum Collection"</a>. Taipei: National Palace Museum (國立故宮博物院). January 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Three+Friends+of+Winter%3A+Paintings+of+Pine%2C+Plum%2C+and+Bamboo+from+the+Museum+Collection&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pub=National+Palace+Museum+%28%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2%29&rft.date=2003-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npm.gov.tw%2Fexh91%2F3friends%2Fenglish%2Finfor.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tw-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tw_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tw_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221050821/https://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/np.asp?ctNode=446">National Flag, Anthem and Flower</a>. Retrieved 9 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110817023216/http://www.china-airlines.com/en/about/about-1-1.htm">"Looking back"</a>. China Airlines. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china-airlines.com/en/about/about-1-1.htm">the original</a> on 17 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Looking+back&rft.pub=China+Airlines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china-airlines.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fabout-1-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331014046/http://foreigner.ntpc.gov.tw/_file/2968/SG/36591/D.html">"Current New Taiwan Dollar Coins"</a>. New Taipei City Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foreigner.ntpc.gov.tw/_file/2968/SG/36591/D.html">the original</a> on 31 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+New+Taiwan+Dollar+Coins&rft.pub=New+Taipei+City+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforeigner.ntpc.gov.tw%2F_file%2F2968%2FSG%2F36591%2FD.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullany2006" class="citation book cs1">Mullany, Francis (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vc3qAAAAMAAJ"><i>Symbolism in Korean ink brush painting</i></a>. Folkestone: Global Oriental. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-901903-89-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-901903-89-8"><bdi>978-1-901903-89-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symbolism+in+Korean+ink+brush+painting&rft.place=Folkestone&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Global+Oriental&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-901903-89-8&rft.aulast=Mullany&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvc3qAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeHong,_Na-youngChang,_Sook-hwan2007" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Kyung-ja; Hong, Na-young; Chang, Sook-hwan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5unfAAAAMAAJ"><i>Traditional Korean costume</i></a>. Folkestone, Kent, UK: Global Oriental. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905246-04-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905246-04-5"><bdi>978-1-905246-04-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Korean+costume&rft.place=Folkestone%2C+Kent%2C+UK&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Global+Oriental&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-905246-04-5&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Kyung-ja&rft.au=Hong%2C+Na-young&rft.au=Chang%2C+Sook-hwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5unfAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/69248.html">"Vase (Maebyeong) with Lotus Blossoms"</a>. Philadelphia Museum of Art<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vase+%28Maebyeong%29+with+Lotus+Blossoms&rft.pub=Philadelphia+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philamuseum.org%2Fcollections%2Fpermanent%2F69248.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1998" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Judith G. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pgTqAAAAMAAJ&q=maebyong+meiping"><i>Arts of Korea</i></a>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 415. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87099-850-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87099-850-8"><bdi>978-0-87099-850-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arts+of+Korea&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=415&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87099-850-8&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Judith+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpgTqAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dmaebyong%2Bmeiping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lotusfun.com/blogs/lotusfun/plum-blossoms-its-symbolism-and-meanings">"Plum Blossoms, its Symbolism and Meanings"</a>. <i>Lotus Fun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lotus+Fun&rft.atitle=Plum+Blossoms%2C+its+Symbolism+and+Meanings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lotusfun.com%2Fblogs%2Flotusfun%2Fplum-blossoms-its-symbolism-and-meanings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakamura2009" class="citation book cs1">Nakamura, Shigeki (2009). <i>Pattern sourcebook: Nature 2: 250 patterns for projects and designs</i> (1. publ. ed.). Beverly, Mass.: Rockport Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59253-559-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59253-559-0"><bdi>978-1-59253-559-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pattern+sourcebook%3A+Nature+2%3A+250+patterns+for+projects+and+designs&rft.place=Beverly%2C+Mass.&rft.edition=1.+publ.&rft.pub=Rockport+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59253-559-0&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=Shigeki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker1999" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Mary S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%82web+%E7%BE%8E%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%BD%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B3%E3%82%92%E3%82%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%81&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E6%A2%85%E8%A6%8B%E6%9C%88%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E4%BD%95%E6%9C%88%E3%81%AE%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%EF%BC%9F%E6%A2%85%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E5%A7%8B%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8%E3%81%AE%E8%8A%B1%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%92%E3%80%81%E7%BE%8E%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E9%8C%A6%E7%B5%B5%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%AB%E7%B4%B9%E4%BB%8B%EF%BC%81+%EF%BD%9C+%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%82web+%E7%BE%8E%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%BD%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B3%E3%82%92%E3%82%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fintojapanwaraku.com%2Frock%2Fculture-rock%2F143837%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.543life.com/koyomi/post20230201.html">"梅見月うめみづき｜暦生活"</a>. <i>暦生活</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%9A%A6%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB&rft.atitle=%E6%A2%85%E8%A6%8B%E6%9C%88+%E3%81%86%E3%82%81%E3%81%BF%E3%81%A5%E3%81%8D%EF%BD%9C%E6%9A%A6%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.543life.com%2Fkoyomi%2Fpost20230201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bachmaihospital.org/">"Bach Mai - Trang chủ"</a>. Bach Mai Hospital<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bach+Mai+-+Trang+ch%E1%BB%A7&rft.pub=Bach+Mai+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbachmaihospital.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726163905/http://www.maihuong.gov.vn/Default.asp?mnz=39&mno=0&Languageid=1">"Mai Huong Hospital"</a>. Mai Huong Day Psychiatric Hospital. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maihuong.gov.vn/Default.asp?mnz=39&mno=0&Languageid=1">the original</a> on 26 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mai+Huong+Hospital&rft.pub=Mai+Huong+Day+Psychiatric+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maihuong.gov.vn%2FDefault.asp%3Fmnz%3D39%26mno%3D0%26Languageid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+mume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link 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style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Prunus mume</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157763" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q157763">Q157763</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mume" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Prunus mume">Prunus mume</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=367985">367985</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4N926">4N926</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=8983">8983</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/628584">628584</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/PRNMM">PRNMM</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242341580">242341580</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3021046">3021046</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=30048">30048</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/357447">357447</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/730000-1">730000-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=506231">506231</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/136775345">136775345</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286543">286543</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=102107">102107</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/10ea8275-ac1c-4eb8-a046-7a829fce34fe">10ea8275-ac1c-4eb8-a046-7a829fce34fe</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=426562">426562</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/rjp-7972">rjp-7972</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/PRMU5">PRMU5</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A730000-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:730000-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/25783/wd/Details">25783</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/27803569">27803569</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0001017317">wfo-0001017317</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Armeniaca mume</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15532926" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q15532926">Q15532926</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=1142534">1142534</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GS3K">GS3K</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200010631">200010631</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200010631">200010631</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5369448">5369448</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=406530">406530</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/721646-1">721646-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/50026548">50026548</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A2901821-4">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2901821-4</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/27805590">27805590</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157763#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/981488/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh97007276">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573990">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007546817905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&oldid=1258942352">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prunus_mume&oldid=1258942352</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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