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class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_radiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In radiography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_radiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_magnetic_resonance_imaging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_magnetic_resonance_imaging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In magnetic resonance imaging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_magnetic_resonance_imaging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Anomaly in digital graphics or imagery</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Winxp_estk_artifact.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Winxp_estk_artifact.png/220px-Winxp_estk_artifact.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Winxp_estk_artifact.png/330px-Winxp_estk_artifact.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6b/Winxp_estk_artifact.png 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>A screenshot of a Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> application displaying a visual artifact with repeated frames</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Visual artifacts</b> (also <b>artefacts</b>) are <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(error)" title="Artifact (error)">anomalies</a> apparent during visual representation as in <a href="/wiki/Digital_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital graphics">digital graphics</a> and other forms of <a href="/wiki/Image" title="Image">imagery</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microscopy" title="Microscopy">microscopy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_digital_graphics">In digital graphics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_artifact&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In digital graphics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Retinography.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Retinography.jpg/220px-Retinography.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Retinography.jpg/330px-Retinography.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Retinography.jpg/440px-Retinography.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1554" data-file-height="1580" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmoscopy" title="Ophthalmoscopy">retinography</a>. The gray spot in the center is a shadow artifact.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Image_quality#Image_quality_factors" title="Image quality">Image quality factors</a>, different types of visual artifacts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_artifact" title="Compression artifact">Compression artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_artifact" title="Digital artifact">Digital artifacts</a>, visual artifacts resulting from digital image processing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_noise" title="Image noise">Noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen-door_effect" title="Screen-door effect">Screen-door effect</a>, also known as fixed-pattern noise (FPN), a visual artifact of digital projection technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosting_(television)" title="Ghosting (television)">Ghosting (television)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_burn-in" title="Screen burn-in">Screen burn-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distortion" title="Distortion">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_screen_effect" title="Silk screen effect">Silk screen effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainbow effect">Rainbow effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_tearing" title="Screen tearing">Screen tearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moir%C3%A9_pattern" title="Moiré pattern">Moiré pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_banding" class="mw-redirect" title="Color banding">Color banding</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_video_entertainment">In video entertainment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_artifact&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In video entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many people who use their computers as a hobby experience artifacting due to a hardware or software malfunction. The cases can differ but the usual causes are: </p> <ul><li>Temperature issues, such as failure of cooling fan.</li> <li>Unsuited <a href="/wiki/Video_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Video card">video card</a> (graphics card) drivers.</li> <li>Drivers that have values that the graphics card is not suited with.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overclocking" title="Overclocking">Overclocking</a> beyond the capabilities of the particular video card.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_bug" title="Software bug">Software bugs</a> in the application or operating system.</li></ul> <p>The differing cases of visual artifacting can also differ between scheduled task(s). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_photography">In photography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_artifact&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In photography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Experiment_Rain_Orbs_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Experiment_Rain_Orbs_1.jpg/220px-Experiment_Rain_Orbs_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Experiment_Rain_Orbs_1.jpg/330px-Experiment_Rain_Orbs_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Experiment_Rain_Orbs_1.jpg/440px-Experiment_Rain_Orbs_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Circular artifacts caused by backscatter from raindrops</figcaption></figure> <p>These effects can occur in both <a href="/wiki/Analog_photography" title="Analog photography">analog</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">digital photography</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromatic_aberration" title="Chromatic aberration">Chromatic aberration</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Optical_dispersion" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical dispersion">optical dispersion</a> through a <a href="/wiki/Lens" title="Lens">lens</a>, leading to color fringes at high-contrast boundaries in a photograph <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple_fringing" title="Purple fringing">Purple fringing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_blur" title="Motion blur">Motion blur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backscatter_(photography)" title="Backscatter (photography)">Near-camera reflection</a>, visual artifacts caused by the <a href="/wiki/Backscatter" title="Backscatter">backscatter</a> of light by unfocused particles</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_microscopy">In microscopy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_artifact&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In microscopy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anther_of_thale_cress_(Arabidopsis_thaliana),_an_artefact.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Anther_of_thale_cress_%28Arabidopsis_thaliana%29%2C_an_artefact.jpg/220px-Anther_of_thale_cress_%28Arabidopsis_thaliana%29%2C_an_artefact.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Anther_of_thale_cress_%28Arabidopsis_thaliana%29%2C_an_artefact.jpg/330px-Anther_of_thale_cress_%28Arabidopsis_thaliana%29%2C_an_artefact.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Anther_of_thale_cress_%28Arabidopsis_thaliana%29%2C_an_artefact.jpg/440px-Anther_of_thale_cress_%28Arabidopsis_thaliana%29%2C_an_artefact.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2806" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Confocal laser scanning fluorescence micrograph of <a href="/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana" title="Arabidopsis thaliana">thale cress</a> anther (part of <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">stamen</a>). The picture shows among other things a nice red flowing collar-like structure just below the anther. However, an intact thale cress stamen does not have such collar, this is a fixation artifact: the stamen has been cut below the picture frame, and <a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(botany)" title="Epidermis (botany)">epidermis</a> (upper layer of cells) of stamen stalk has peeled off, forming a non-characteristic structure. Photo: Heiti Paves from <a href="/wiki/Tallinn_University_of_Technology" title="Tallinn University of Technology">Tallinn University of Technology</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Microscopy" title="Microscopy">microscopy</a>, an artifact is an apparent structural detail that is caused by the processing of the specimen and is thus not a legitimate feature of the specimen. In <a href="/wiki/Optical_microscope" title="Optical microscope">light microscopy</a>, artifacts may be produced by air bubbles trapped under the <a href="/wiki/Microscope_slide" title="Microscope slide">slide</a>'s cover slip.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Electron_microscope" title="Electron microscope">electron microscopy</a>, distortions may be produced in the drying out of the specimen. <a href="/wiki/Staining" title="Staining">Staining</a> can cause the appearance of solid chemical deposits that may be seen as structures inside the cell. Different techniques including <a href="/wiki/Electron_microscope#Sample_preparation" title="Electron microscope">freeze-fracturing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cell_fractionation" title="Cell fractionation">cell fractionation</a> may be used to overcome the problems of artifacts.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <i>crush artifact</i> is an artificial elongation and distortion seen in <a href="/wiki/Histopathology" title="Histopathology">histopathology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cytopathology" title="Cytopathology">cytopathology</a> studies, presumably because of iatrogenic compression of tissues. Distortion can be caused by the slightest compression of tissue and can provide difficulties in diagnosis.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatterjee_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterjee-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may cause chromatin to be squeezed out of nuclei.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatterjee2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterjee2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inflammatory and tumor cells are most susceptible to crush artifacts.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatterjee2014_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterjee2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 326px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 324px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cellulose_contamination_in_H%26E_and_polarized_light.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cellulose contamination, in H&E stain and polarized light"><img alt="Cellulose contamination, in H&E stain and polarized light" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Cellulose_contamination_in_H%26E_and_polarized_light.jpg/486px-Cellulose_contamination_in_H%26E_and_polarized_light.jpg" decoding="async" width="324" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Cellulose_contamination_in_H%26E_and_polarized_light.jpg/730px-Cellulose_contamination_in_H%26E_and_polarized_light.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Cellulose_contamination_in_H%26E_and_polarized_light.jpg/972px-Cellulose_contamination_in_H%26E_and_polarized_light.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1121" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cellulose <b>contamination</b>, in <a href="/wiki/H%26E_stain" title="H&E stain">H&E stain</a> and polarized light</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Histopathology_of_cardiac_muscle_with_contamination_from_thyroid_tissue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cardiac muscle (bottom) with contamination from thyroid tissue (center)"><img alt="Cardiac muscle (bottom) with contamination from thyroid tissue (center)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Histopathology_of_cardiac_muscle_with_contamination_from_thyroid_tissue.jpg/285px-Histopathology_of_cardiac_muscle_with_contamination_from_thyroid_tissue.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Histopathology_of_cardiac_muscle_with_contamination_from_thyroid_tissue.jpg/428px-Histopathology_of_cardiac_muscle_with_contamination_from_thyroid_tissue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Histopathology_of_cardiac_muscle_with_contamination_from_thyroid_tissue.jpg/570px-Histopathology_of_cardiac_muscle_with_contamination_from_thyroid_tissue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="428" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cardiac muscle (bottom) with <b>contamination</b> from thyroid tissue (center)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crush_artifact_from_forceps.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crush artifact from compression by forceps on the tissue sample"><img alt="Crush artifact from compression by forceps on the tissue sample" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Crush_artifact_from_forceps.jpg/256px-Crush_artifact_from_forceps.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Crush_artifact_from_forceps.jpg/385px-Crush_artifact_from_forceps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Crush_artifact_from_forceps.jpg/513px-Crush_artifact_from_forceps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Crush</b> artifact from compression by forceps on the tissue sample</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skin_with_folds_and_crush_artifact_by_needle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Folding artifacts (white arrows) and a crush artifact (black arrow, with cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia and nuclear pleomorphism) from a needle"><img alt="Folding artifacts (white arrows) and a crush artifact (black arrow, with cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia and nuclear pleomorphism) from a needle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Skin_with_folds_and_crush_artifact_by_needle.jpg/244px-Skin_with_folds_and_crush_artifact_by_needle.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Skin_with_folds_and_crush_artifact_by_needle.jpg/366px-Skin_with_folds_and_crush_artifact_by_needle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Skin_with_folds_and_crush_artifact_by_needle.jpg/488px-Skin_with_folds_and_crush_artifact_by_needle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="803" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Folding</b> artifacts (white arrows) and a crush artifact (black arrow, with <a href="/wiki/Cytoplasmic_hypereosinophilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia">cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_pleomorphism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear pleomorphism">nuclear pleomorphism</a>) from a needle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microscopy_of_liver_parenchyma_with_tearing_artifacts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tearing artifacts, such as can be caused by: - Microtomy with a nick or blemish in the knife edge.[5] - Traction of the sections. - Too much or too little alcohol dehydration.[5] - Sectioning calcified parts, which can be decalcified or removed.[5]"><img alt="Tearing artifacts, such as can be caused by: - Microtomy with a nick or blemish in the knife edge.[5] - Traction of the sections. - Too much or too little alcohol dehydration.[5] - Sectioning calcified parts, which can be decalcified or removed.[5]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Microscopy_of_liver_parenchyma_with_tearing_artifacts.jpg/261px-Microscopy_of_liver_parenchyma_with_tearing_artifacts.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Microscopy_of_liver_parenchyma_with_tearing_artifacts.jpg/392px-Microscopy_of_liver_parenchyma_with_tearing_artifacts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Microscopy_of_liver_parenchyma_with_tearing_artifacts.jpg/522px-Microscopy_of_liver_parenchyma_with_tearing_artifacts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Tearing</b> artifacts, such as can be caused by:<br />- Microtomy with a nick or blemish in the knife edge.<sup id="cite_ref-TaqiSami2018_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TaqiSami2018-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />- Traction of the sections.<br />- Too much or too little alcohol dehydration.<sup id="cite_ref-TaqiSami2018_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TaqiSami2018-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />- Sectioning calcified parts, which can be decalcified or removed.<sup id="cite_ref-TaqiSami2018_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TaqiSami2018-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Formalin_pigment_artifacts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Formalin pigment artifacts"><img alt="Formalin pigment artifacts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Formalin_pigment_artifacts.jpg/253px-Formalin_pigment_artifacts.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Formalin_pigment_artifacts.jpg/380px-Formalin_pigment_artifacts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Formalin_pigment_artifacts.jpg/505px-Formalin_pigment_artifacts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="468" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Formalin pigment</b> artifacts</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 229.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 227.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_bubble_entrapment_artifact.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Air bubble entrapment artifact in a shoulder joint biopsy"><img alt="Air bubble entrapment artifact in a shoulder joint biopsy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Air_bubble_entrapment_artifact.png/341px-Air_bubble_entrapment_artifact.png" decoding="async" width="228" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Air_bubble_entrapment_artifact.png/512px-Air_bubble_entrapment_artifact.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Air_bubble_entrapment_artifact.png/681px-Air_bubble_entrapment_artifact.png 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="754" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Air bubble entrapment artifact in a shoulder joint biopsy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 173.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 171.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Staining_artifacts_by_residual_wax.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Staining artifacts by residual wax, resulting in pale areas where cellular structures are not discernible"><img alt="Staining artifacts by residual wax, resulting in pale areas where cellular structures are not discernible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Staining_artifacts_by_residual_wax.jpg/257px-Staining_artifacts_by_residual_wax.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Staining_artifacts_by_residual_wax.jpg/387px-Staining_artifacts_by_residual_wax.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Staining_artifacts_by_residual_wax.jpg/515px-Staining_artifacts_by_residual_wax.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Staining</b> artifacts by residual wax, resulting in pale areas where cellular structures are not discernible</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 443.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 441.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Histopathology_of_radically_excised_basal-cell_carcinoma_with_separation_artifact_(horizontal_layout).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A separation artifact in top image makes the tumor look incompletely excised, but the next microtomy level (bottom image) shows a surgical margin of connective tissue."><img alt="A separation artifact in top image makes the tumor look incompletely excised, but the next microtomy level (bottom image) shows a surgical margin of connective tissue." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Histopathology_of_radically_excised_basal-cell_carcinoma_with_separation_artifact_%28horizontal_layout%29.jpg/662px-Histopathology_of_radically_excised_basal-cell_carcinoma_with_separation_artifact_%28horizontal_layout%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="442" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Histopathology_of_radically_excised_basal-cell_carcinoma_with_separation_artifact_%28horizontal_layout%29.jpg/994px-Histopathology_of_radically_excised_basal-cell_carcinoma_with_separation_artifact_%28horizontal_layout%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Histopathology_of_radically_excised_basal-cell_carcinoma_with_separation_artifact_%28horizontal_layout%29.jpg/1323px-Histopathology_of_radically_excised_basal-cell_carcinoma_with_separation_artifact_%28horizontal_layout%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2716" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <b>separation</b> artifact in top image makes the tumor look incompletely excised, but the next <a href="/wiki/Microtomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtomy">microtomy</a> level (bottom image) shows a <a href="/wiki/Surgical_margin" class="mw-redirect" title="Surgical margin">surgical margin</a> of connective tissue.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micrograph_of_stacked_cells.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stacking of cells on top of each other gives a dark look, and in this breast tissue it may mimic microcalcifications."><img alt="Stacking of cells on top of each other gives a dark look, and in this breast tissue it may mimic microcalcifications." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Micrograph_of_stacked_cells.jpg/261px-Micrograph_of_stacked_cells.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Micrograph_of_stacked_cells.jpg/392px-Micrograph_of_stacked_cells.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Micrograph_of_stacked_cells.jpg/522px-Micrograph_of_stacked_cells.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Stacking</b> of cells on top of each other gives a dark look, and in this breast tissue it may mimic microcalcifications.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 287.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 285.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pap_smear_of_a_monocyte_with_nuclear_smearing_artifact.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pap stained smear of a monocyte with nuclear smearing or smudging artifact, seen as a tail-like extension of nuclear material"><img alt="Pap stained smear of a monocyte with nuclear smearing or smudging artifact, seen as a tail-like extension of nuclear material" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pap_smear_of_a_monocyte_with_nuclear_smearing_artifact.jpg/428px-Pap_smear_of_a_monocyte_with_nuclear_smearing_artifact.jpg" decoding="async" width="286" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pap_smear_of_a_monocyte_with_nuclear_smearing_artifact.jpg/643px-Pap_smear_of_a_monocyte_with_nuclear_smearing_artifact.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pap_smear_of_a_monocyte_with_nuclear_smearing_artifact.jpg/856px-Pap_smear_of_a_monocyte_with_nuclear_smearing_artifact.jpg 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pap stained smear of a monocyte with nuclear smearing or smudging artifact, seen as a tail-like extension of nuclear material</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Histopathology_of_small_cell_carcinoma_-_nuclear_smudging.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Small cell carcinoma is a cancer where the presence of smudging is a clue to the diagnosis.[6]"><img alt="Small cell carcinoma is a cancer where the presence of smudging is a clue to the diagnosis.[6]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Histopathology_of_small_cell_carcinoma_-_nuclear_smudging.png/232px-Histopathology_of_small_cell_carcinoma_-_nuclear_smudging.png" decoding="async" width="155" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Histopathology_of_small_cell_carcinoma_-_nuclear_smudging.png/348px-Histopathology_of_small_cell_carcinoma_-_nuclear_smudging.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Histopathology_of_small_cell_carcinoma_-_nuclear_smudging.png/464px-Histopathology_of_small_cell_carcinoma_-_nuclear_smudging.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="637" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Small_cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Small cell carcinoma">Small cell carcinoma</a> is a cancer where the presence of smudging is a clue to the diagnosis.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_radiography">In radiography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_artifact&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In radiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Projectional_radiography" title="Projectional radiography">projectional radiography</a>, visual artifacts that can constitute disease mimics include jewelry, clothes and <a href="/wiki/Skin_fold" title="Skin fold">skin folds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 119.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 117.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skin_folds_close_to_a_hip_fracture_(with_arrows).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A hip fracture (black arrow) next to a skin fold (white arrow)"><img alt="A hip fracture (black arrow) next to a skin fold (white arrow)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Skin_folds_close_to_a_hip_fracture_%28with_arrows%29.jpg/176px-Skin_folds_close_to_a_hip_fracture_%28with_arrows%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Skin_folds_close_to_a_hip_fracture_%28with_arrows%29.jpg/264px-Skin_folds_close_to_a_hip_fracture_%28with_arrows%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Skin_folds_close_to_a_hip_fracture_%28with_arrows%29.jpg/353px-Skin_folds_close_to_a_hip_fracture_%28with_arrows%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Hip_fracture" title="Hip fracture">hip fracture</a> (black arrow) next to a skin fold (white arrow)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bed_sheets_artifact_on_lateral_chest_radiograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bed sheets looking like lung opacities on a chest radiograph"><img alt="Bed sheets looking like lung opacities on a chest radiograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bed_sheets_artifact_on_lateral_chest_radiograph.jpg/173px-Bed_sheets_artifact_on_lateral_chest_radiograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bed_sheets_artifact_on_lateral_chest_radiograph.jpg/259px-Bed_sheets_artifact_on_lateral_chest_radiograph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bed_sheets_artifact_on_lateral_chest_radiograph.jpg/345px-Bed_sheets_artifact_on_lateral_chest_radiograph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="1023" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bed_sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Bed sheets">Bed sheets</a> looking like lung opacities on a <a href="/wiki/Chest_radiograph" title="Chest radiograph">chest radiograph</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_magnetic_resonance_imaging">In magnetic resonance imaging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_artifact&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In magnetic resonance imaging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/MRI_artifact" title="MRI artifact">MRI artifact</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghosting_(medical_imaging)" title="Ghosting (medical imaging)">Ghosting (medical imaging)</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">Magnetic resonance imaging</a>, artifacts can be classified as patient-related, signal processing-dependent or hardware (machine)-related.<sup id="cite_ref-ErasmusHurter2004_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ErasmusHurter2004-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_artifact&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kent-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKent2000" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Michael (2000). <i>Advanced Biology</i> (Repr. ed.). Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0199141959" title="Special:BookSources/0199141959"><bdi>0199141959</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Biology&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=64&rft.edition=Repr.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0199141959&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+artifact" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatterjee-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chatterjee_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterjee2014" class="citation journal cs1">Chatterjee, S. (September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4211218">"Artefacts in histopathology"</a>. <i>Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology</i>. <b>18</b> (Suppl 1): S111-6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0973-029X.141346">10.4103/0973-029X.141346</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4211218">4211218</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25364159">25364159</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Oral+and+Maxillofacial+Pathology&rft.atitle=Artefacts+in+histopathology&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.pages=S111-6&rft.date=2014-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4211218%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25364159&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2F0973-029X.141346&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4211218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+artifact" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKomanduriSwansonKeeferJakate2009" class="citation journal cs1">Komanduri S, Swanson G, Keefer L, Jakate S (December 2009). "Use of a new jumbo forceps improves tissue acquisition of Barrett's esophagus surveillance biopsies". <i>Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</i>. <b>70</b> (6): 1072–8.e1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gie.2009.04.009">10.1016/j.gie.2009.04.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19595312">19595312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastrointestinal+Endoscopy&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+new+jumbo+forceps+improves+tissue+acquisition+of+Barrett%27s+esophagus+surveillance+biopsies&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1072-8.e1&rft.date=2009-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.gie.2009.04.009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19595312&rft.aulast=Komanduri&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Swanson%2C+G&rft.au=Keefer%2C+L&rft.au=Jakate%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+artifact" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatterjee2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chatterjee2014_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chatterjee2014_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterjee2014" class="citation journal cs1">Chatterjee, Shailja (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4211218">"Artefacts in histopathology"</a>. <i>Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology</i>. <b>18</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">S111 –</span> <span class="nowrap">S116</span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0973-029X.141346">10.4103/0973-029X.141346</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0973-029X">0973-029X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4211218">4211218</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25364159">25364159</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Oral+and+Maxillofacial+Pathology&rft.atitle=Artefacts+in+histopathology&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3ES111+-%3C%2Fspan%3E+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3ES116%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4211218%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0973-029X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25364159&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2F0973-029X.141346&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Shailja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4211218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+artifact" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TaqiSami2018-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TaqiSami2018_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TaqiSami2018_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TaqiSami2018_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaqiSamiSamiZaki2018" class="citation journal cs1">Taqi, SyedAhmed; Sami, SyedAbdus; Sami, LateefBegum; Zaki, SyedAhmed (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6097380">"A review of artifacts in histopathology"</a>. <i>Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 279. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjomfp.JOMFP_125_15">10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_125_15</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0973-029X">0973-029X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6097380">6097380</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30158787">30158787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Oral+and+Maxillofacial+Pathology&rft.atitle=A+review+of+artifacts+in+histopathology&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=279&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6097380%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0973-029X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30158787&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2Fjomfp.JOMFP_125_15&rft.aulast=Taqi&rft.aufirst=SyedAhmed&rft.au=Sami%2C+SyedAbdus&rft.au=Sami%2C+LateefBegum&rft.au=Zaki%2C+SyedAhmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6097380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+artifact" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Image by Mikael Häggström, MD. Source for findings: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaroline_I.M._Underwood,_M.D.,_Carolyn_Glass,_M.D.,_Ph.D." class="citation web cs1">Caroline I.M. Underwood, M.D., Carolyn Glass, M.D., Ph.D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/lungtumorsmallcell.html">"Lung - Small cell carcinoma"</a>. <i>Pathology Outlines</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pathology+Outlines&rft.atitle=Lung+-+Small+cell+carcinoma&rft.au=Caroline+I.M.+Underwood%2C+M.D.%2C+Carolyn+Glass%2C+M.D.%2C+Ph.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pathologyoutlines.com%2Ftopic%2Flungtumorsmallcell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+artifact" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> Last author update: 20 September 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NItlwYj0aLcC&pg=PA46">Page 46</a> in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Darby,_Nicholas_Maskell,_Anthony_Edey,_Ladli_Chandratreya2012" class="citation book cs1">Michael Darby, Nicholas Maskell, Anthony Edey, Ladli Chandratreya (2012). <i>Pocket Tutor Chest X-Ray Interpretation</i>. JP Medical Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781907816062" title="Special:BookSources/9781907816062"><bdi>9781907816062</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pocket+Tutor+Chest+X-Ray+Interpretation&rft.pub=JP+Medical+Ltd&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781907816062&rft.au=Michael+Darby%2C+Nicholas+Maskell%2C+Anthony+Edey%2C+Ladli+Chandratreya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+artifact" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ErasmusHurter2004-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ErasmusHurter2004_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErasmusHurterNaudeKritzinger2004" class="citation journal cs1">Erasmus, L.J.; Hurter, D.; Naude, M.; Kritzinger, H.G.; Acho, S. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2Fsajr.v8i2.127">"A short overview of MRI artifacts"</a>. <i>South African Journal of Radiology</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 13. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2Fsajr.v8i2.127">10.4102/sajr.v8i2.127</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2078-6778">2078-6778</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Journal+of+Radiology&rft.atitle=A+short+overview+of+MRI+artifacts&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=13&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4102%2Fsajr.v8i2.127&rft.issn=2078-6778&rft.aulast=Erasmus&rft.aufirst=L.J.&rft.au=Hurter%2C+D.&rft.au=Naude%2C+M.&rft.au=Kritzinger%2C+H.G.&rft.au=Acho%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4102%252Fsajr.v8i2.127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+artifact" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">(CC-BY 4.0)</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Visual_artifact&oldid=1254683431">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Visual_artifact&oldid=1254683431</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_graphic_artifacts" title="Category:Computer graphic artifacts">Computer graphic artifacts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Visual_artifacts" title="Category:Visual artifacts">Visual artifacts</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 November 2024, at 04:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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