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<li id="toc-Long_s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Long s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_writing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_writing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Use in writing systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use_in_writing_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use in writing systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use_in_writing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>German</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Other systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related characters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_characters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related characters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Descendants_and_related_characters_in_the_Latin_alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descendants_and_related_characters_in_the_Latin_alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descendants_and_related_characters_in_the_Latin_alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derived_signs,_symbols,_and_abbreviations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derived_signs,_symbols,_and_abbreviations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Derived signs, symbols, and abbreviations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derived_signs,_symbols,_and_abbreviations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestors_and_siblings_in_other_alphabets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestors_and_siblings_in_other_alphabets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestors_and_siblings_in_other_alphabets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other representations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_representations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other representations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Computing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Computing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_representations_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_representations_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Other representations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_representations_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">S</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 143 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-143" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">143 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="S (літара) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="S (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="S (літара) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="S (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(lizherenn)" title="S (lizherenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="S (lizherenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(lettre)" title="S (lettre) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="S (lettre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="S үзг – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="S үзг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="S (լատինական) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="S (լատինական)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(t%C3%AEp)" title="S (tîp) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="S (tîp)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="S (латиница) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="S (латиница)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="എസ് (ഇംഗ്ലീഷക്ഷരം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എസ് (ഇംഗ്ലീഷക്ഷരം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC)" title="အက်စ် (အက္ခရာ) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်စ် (အက္ခရာ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(letter)" title="S (letter) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="S (letter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(buksteew)" title="S (buksteew) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="S (buksteew)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="S (латин тиште) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="S (латин тиште)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(lotin)" title="S (lotin) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="S (lotin)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B8_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਐਸ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਸ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5)" title="S (слово латинице) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="S (слово латинице)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(Askkil)" title="S (Askkil) – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="S (Askkil)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F)" title="S (латиниця) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="S (латиниця)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/S" title="S – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="S" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">19th letter in the Latin alphabet</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>Not to be confused with Cyrillic letter <a href="/wiki/%D0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѕ">Dze (Ѕ)</a>, the Armenian letter <a href="/wiki/Tyun_(Armenian_letter)" title="Tyun (Armenian letter)">Tyun (Տ)</a>, or the Georgian Asomtavruli letter <a href="/wiki/Ch%27ari" title="Ch'ari"> Ch'ari (Ⴝ)</a>.</span> <span>This article is about the nineteenth letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/S_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="S (disambiguation)">S (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>"Ess" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ess_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ess (disambiguation)">Ess (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint selfref">For <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">technical reasons</a>, "S#", "ſ", and "S#arp" redirects here. For the programming language, see <a href="/wiki/Script.NET" title="Script.NET">Script.NET</a>. For the archaic medial form of the letter "s", see <a href="/wiki/Long_s" title="Long s">Long s</a>. For the South Korean band, see <a href="/wiki/Sharp_(South_Korean_band)" title="Sharp (South Korean band)">Sharp (South Korean band)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:lightblue; color:black;;">S</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span style="font-size: 4em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;">S s</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Long_s" title="Long s">ſ</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_letter_S.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Latin_letter_S.svg/220px-Latin_letter_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Latin_letter_S.svg/330px-Latin_letter_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Latin_letter_S.svg/440px-Latin_letter_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Usage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabetic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Logographic">logographic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound values</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1190286162">.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em ul,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li{min-width:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{min-width:2.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-abcd ul{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-abcd li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;min-width:1.57em;padding:0}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span></li><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span></li><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span></li><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>/</span></li><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a>/</span></li><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>/</span></li><li><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>U+0053, U+0073</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alphabetical position</th><td class="infobox-data">19</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 1.25em;"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Aa32.png?719d1" height="38" title="Aa32" alt="Aa32" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M40.png?36181" height="38" title="M40" alt="M40" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shamash.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proto-Sinaitic Shin"><img alt="Proto-Sinaitic Shin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shamash.svg/20px-Shamash.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shamash.svg/30px-Shamash.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shamash.svg/40px-Shamash.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="405" /></a></span><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticS-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proto-Sinaitic Shin"><img alt="Proto-Sinaitic Shin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticS-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticS-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticS-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticS-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticS-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticS-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_sin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician Sin"><img alt="Phoenician Sin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Phoenician_sin.svg/20px-Phoenician_sin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Phoenician_sin.svg/30px-Phoenician_sin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Phoenician_sin.svg/40px-Phoenician_sin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-Canaanite_-_shin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proto-Caanite Shin"><img alt="Proto-Caanite Shin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Proto-Canaanite_-_shin.svg/20px-Proto-Canaanite_-_shin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Proto-Canaanite_-_shin.svg/30px-Proto-Canaanite_-_shin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Proto-Canaanite_-_shin.svg/40px-Proto-Canaanite_-_shin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma">Σ σ ς</a><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Σ">ς</a><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%8C%94" class="mw-redirect" title="𐌔">𐌔</a><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><b>S s</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time period</th><td class="infobox-data">~−700 to present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descendants</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1190286162"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_s" title="Long s">ſ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" title="ß">ß</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C6%A7" title="Ƨ">Ƨ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%84" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꞅ">Ꞅ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/$" class="mw-redirect" title="$">$</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E2%82%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="₷">₷</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C2%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="§">§</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E2%84%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="℠">℠</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%9B%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="ᛋ">ᛋ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E2%88%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="∫">∫</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sisters</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1190286162"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze">Ѕ</a> <a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze">ѕ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">С</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">с</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">Ш</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">ш</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Щ">Щ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Щ">щ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҫ">Ҫ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҫ">ҫ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D4%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ԍ">Ԍ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D4%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ԍ">ԍ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">ש</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">ش</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">ܫ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="س">س</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ࠔ">ࠔ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%8E%98" class="mw-redirect" title="𐎘">𐎘</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%A1%94" class="mw-redirect" title="𐡔">𐡔</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%88%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="ሠ">ሠ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%85%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ㅅ">ㅅ</a> (disputed)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%D5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Ս">Ս</a> <a href="/wiki/%D5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Ս">ս</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="श">श</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="स">स</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%AA%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="શ">શ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%AA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="સ">સ</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Long_s" title="Long s">ſ</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Other</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associated graphs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs#S" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">s(x)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">sh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">sz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;">This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:14em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image" style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_alphabet_Ss.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="S"><img alt="S" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Latin_alphabet_Ss.svg/107px-Latin_alphabet_Ss.svg.png" decoding="async" width="107" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Latin_alphabet_Ss.svg/161px-Latin_alphabet_Ss.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Latin_alphabet_Ss.svg/214px-Latin_alphabet_Ss.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic<br />Latin alphabet</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="letter-spacing: 0.1em"> <span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ss</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz</a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_alphabet_sidebar" title="Template:Latin alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_alphabet_sidebar" title="Template talk:Latin alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_alphabet_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>S</b>, or for lowercase, <b>s</b>, is the nineteenth <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, used in the <a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">English alphabet</a>, the alphabets of other western <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">European languages</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">latin alphabets</a> worldwide. Its name in English is <a href="/wiki/English_alphabet#Letter_names" title="English alphabet"><i>ess</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>), plural <i>esses</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">Shin (letter)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma">Sigma</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_(letter)" title="San (letter)">San (letter)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sho_(letter)" title="Sho (letter)">Sho (letter)</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Proto-Sinaitic<br /><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">Shin</a> </th> <th>Phoenician<br /><a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">Shin</a> </th> <th>Western Greek<br /><a href="/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma">Sigma</a> </th> <th>Etruscan<br />S </th> <th>Latin<br />S </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticS-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticS-01.svg/50px-Proto-semiticS-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticS-01.svg/75px-Proto-semiticS-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticS-01.svg/100px-Proto-semiticS-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PhoenicianS-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/PhoenicianS-01.svg/50px-PhoenicianS-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/PhoenicianS-01.svg/75px-PhoenicianS-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/PhoenicianS-01.svg/100px-PhoenicianS-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sigma_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Greek_Sigma_normal.svg/24px-Greek_Sigma_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Greek_Sigma_normal.svg/36px-Greek_Sigma_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Greek_Sigma_normal.svg/49px-Greek_Sigma_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanS-02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EtruscanS-02.svg/22px-EtruscanS-02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EtruscanS-02.svg/32px-EtruscanS-02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EtruscanS-02.svg/43px-EtruscanS-02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalis_monumentalis_S.SVG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Capitalis_monumentalis_S.SVG/15px-Capitalis_monumentalis_S.SVG.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Capitalis_monumentalis_S.SVG/22px-Capitalis_monumentalis_S.SVG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Capitalis_monumentalis_S.SVG/30px-Capitalis_monumentalis_S.SVG.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="56" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Semitic_abjad" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Semitic abjad">Northwest Semitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">šîn</a> represented a <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">voiceless postalveolar fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> (as in '<em>sh</em>ip'). It originated most likely as a <a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">pictogram</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Tooth" title="Tooth">tooth</a> (<span title="Semitic languages collective text"><span lang="sem"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/%C5%A1inn-" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šinn-">שנא</a></span></span>) and represented the phoneme <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> via the acrophonic principle.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> did not have a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> "sh" phoneme, so the derived Greek letter <a href="/wiki/Sigma_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigma (letter)">Sigma</a> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Σ</span></span>) came to represent the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar sibilant">voiceless alveolar sibilant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span>. While the letter shape Σ continues Phoenician <i>šîn</i>, its name <i>sigma</i> is taken from the letter <i><a href="/wiki/Samekh" title="Samekh">Samekh</a></i>, while the shape and position of <i>samekh</i> but name of <i>šîn</i> is continued in the <i><a href="/wiki/%CE%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ξ">xi</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Within Greek, the name of <i>sigma</i> was influenced by its association with the Greek word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σίζω</span></span> (earlier <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">*sigj-</i></span>), "to hiss". The original name of the letter "Sigma" may have been <i>san</i>, but due to the early history of the Greek <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">epichoric alphabets</a>, "san" came to be identified as a separate letter, <a href="/wiki/San_(letter)" title="San (letter)">Ϻ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> reported that "san" was the name given by the <a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Dorians</a> to the same letter called "Sigma" by the <a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Western_Greek_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Greek alphabet">Western Greek alphabet</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a> was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Etruscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscans">Etruscans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a> in the 7th century BC, and over the following centuries, it developed into a range of <a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_alphabets" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Italic alphabets">Old Italic alphabets</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan alphabet</a> and the early <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_language" title="Etruscan language">Etruscan</a>, the value <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> of Greek sigma (𐌔) was maintained, while san (𐌑) represented a separate phoneme, most likely <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> "sh" (transliterated as <i>ś</i>). The early Latin alphabet adopted sigma, but not san, as Old Latin did not have a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> "sh" phoneme. </p><p>The shape of Latin S arises from Greek Σ by dropping one out of the four strokes of that letter. The (angular) S-shape composed of three strokes existed as a variant of the four-stroke letter Σ already in the epigraphy of <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Western Greek alphabets</a>, and the three and four strokes variants existed alongside one another in the classical Etruscan alphabet. In other <a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Italic script">Italic alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/Venetic_language" title="Venetic language">Venetic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lepontic_language" title="Lepontic language">Lepontic</a>), the letter could be represented as a zig-zagging line of any number between three and six strokes. The Italic letter was also adopted into <a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a>, as <i><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō">Sowilō</a></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227795492">.mw-parser-output .script-runic{font-family:"BabelStone Runic","FreeMono",Junicode,Code2000,Hnias,"Noto Sans Runic","San Francisco","New York"}</style><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛊ</span>), and appears with four to eight strokes in the earliest runic inscriptions, but is occasionally reduced to three strokes (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227795492"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span>) from the later 5th century, and appears regularly with three strokes in <a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)"><span class="nowrap">⟨sh⟩</span> digraph</a> for English <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> arose in Middle English (alongside <a href="/wiki/Sch_(trigraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sch (trigraph)"><span class="nowrap">⟨sch⟩</span></a>), replacing the Old English <span class="nowrap">⟨sc⟩</span> digraph. Similarly, Old High German <span class="nowrap">⟨sc⟩</span> was replaced by <span class="nowrap">⟨sch⟩</span> in Early Modern High German orthography. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long_s">Long s</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schw%C3%A4bische_Bastarda_1496_Schriftprobe_Priesters_Tochter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Schw%C3%A4bische_Bastarda_1496_Schriftprobe_Priesters_Tochter.png/220px-Schw%C3%A4bische_Bastarda_1496_Schriftprobe_Priesters_Tochter.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Schw%C3%A4bische_Bastarda_1496_Schriftprobe_Priesters_Tochter.png/330px-Schw%C3%A4bische_Bastarda_1496_Schriftprobe_Priesters_Tochter.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Schw%C3%A4bische_Bastarda_1496_Schriftprobe_Priesters_Tochter.png/440px-Schw%C3%A4bische_Bastarda_1496_Schriftprobe_Priesters_Tochter.png 2x" data-file-width="3162" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>Late medieval German script (Swabian <a href="/wiki/Bastarda" title="Bastarda">bastarda</a>, dated 1496) illustrating the use of long and round <i>s</i>: <i>prieſters tochter</i> ("priest's daughter").</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Long_s" title="Long s">Long s</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lower_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower case">minuscule form</a> ſ, called the <a href="/wiki/Long_s" title="Long s">long <i>s</i></a>, developed in the early medieval period, within the <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian</a> hands, with predecessors in the <a href="/wiki/Half-uncial" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-uncial">half-uncial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_cursive" title="Roman cursive">cursive</a> scripts of <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>. It remained standard in western writing throughout the medieval period and was adopted in early printing with movable types. It existed alongside minuscule "round" or "short" <i>s</i>, which were at the time only used at the end of words. </p><p>In most Western orthographies, the ſ gradually fell out of use during the second half of the 18th century, although it remained in occasional use into the 19th century. In Spain, the change was mainly accomplished between 1760 and 1766. In France, the change occurred between 1782 and 1793. Printers in the United States stopped using the long <i>s</i> between 1795 and 1810. In English orthography, the London printer <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(publisher)" title="John Bell (publisher)">John Bell</a> (1745–1831) pioneered the change. His edition of Shakespeare, in 1785, was advertised with the claim that he "ventured to depart from the common mode by rejecting the long 'ſ' in favor of the round one, as being less liable to error....."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times"><i>The Times</i> of London</a> made the switch from the long to the short <i>s</i> with its issue of 10 September 1803. <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="History of the Encyclopædia Britannica"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a>'s 5th edition, completed in 1817, was the last edition to use the long <i>s</i>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">German orthography</a>, long <i>s</i> was retained in <a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Schwabacher" title="Schwabacher">Schwabacher</a>) type as well as in standard cursive (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a>) well into the 20th century, until official use of that typeface was abolished in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligature</a> of <i>ſs</i> (or <i>ſz</i>) was retained; however, it gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/Eszett" class="mw-redirect" title="Eszett">Eszett</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" title="ß">ß</a>⟩</span> in contemporary German orthography. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_writing_systems">Use in writing systems</h2></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <caption>Pronunciation of <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> by language </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Orthography </th> <th>Phonemes </th></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>) </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span>, <i>silent</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">French</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span>, <i>silent</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">German</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">Portuguese</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">Spanish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">Turkish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> represents a <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar sibilant">voiceless alveolar sibilant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span>. It also commonly represents a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar sibilant">voiced alveolar sibilant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span>, as in 'rose' and 'bands'. Due to <a href="/wiki/Phonological_history_of_English_consonant_clusters#Yod-coalescence" title="Phonological history of English consonant clusters">yod-coalescence</a>, it may also represent a <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative">voiceless palato-alveolar fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span>, as in 'sugar', or a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_palato-alveolar_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced palato-alveolar fricative">voiced palato-alveolar fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʒ/</span>, as in 'measure'. </p><p>Final <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> is the usual mark for <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">plural</a> <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">nouns</a>. It is the regular ending of English <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_person" title="Grammatical person">third person</a> <a href="/wiki/Present_tense" title="Present tense">present tense</a> <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verbs</a>. </p><p>In some words of French origin, <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> is silent, as in 'isle' or 'debris'. </p><p>The letter <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> is the seventh most common letter in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and the third-most common consonant after <span class="nowrap">⟨t⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the most common letter for the first letter of a word in the English language.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German">German</h3></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">German</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> represents: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar sibilant">voiced alveolar sibilant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> before vowels (except after <a href="/wiki/Obstruent" title="Obstruent">obstruents</a>), as in 'sich'.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar sibilant">voiceless alveolar sibilant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> before consonants or when final, as in 'ist' and 'das'.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative">voiceless palato-alveolar fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> before <span class="nowrap">⟨p, t⟩</span> at the beginning of a word or syllable, as in 'spät' and 'Stadt'.</li></ul> <p>When doubled (<span class="nowrap">⟨ss⟩</span>), it represents a <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar sibilant">voiceless alveolar sibilant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span>, as in 'müssen'. </p><p>In the digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨sch⟩</span>, it represents a <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative">voiceless palato-alveolar fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span>, as in 'schon'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_languages">Other languages</h3></div> <p>In most languages that use the Latin alphabet, <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> represents the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar sibilant">voiceless alveolar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental sibilant">voiceless dental sibilant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span>. </p><p>In many <a href="/wiki/Romance_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance language">Romance languages</a>, it also represents the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar sibilant">voiced alveolar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental sibilant">voiced dental sibilant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span>, as in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <i>mesa</i> (table). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, it may represent the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative">voiceless palato-alveolar fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> in most <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_dialects" title="Portuguese dialects">dialects</a> when syllable-final, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʒ]</span> in <a href="/wiki/European_Portuguese" title="European Portuguese">European Portuguese</a> <i>Islão</i> (Islam) or, in many sociolects of <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Brazilian Portuguese</a>, <i>esdrúxulo</i> (<a href="/wiki/Proparoxytone" title="Proparoxytone">proparoxytone</a>). </p><p>In some <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian dialects</a> of Spanish, it merged with <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spanish" title="Peninsular Spanish">Peninsular Spanish</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨c⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨z⟩</span> and is now pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/θ/</span>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, it represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a>, it represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/θ/</span>. </p><p>In several <a href="/wiki/Western_Romance_languages" title="Western Romance languages">Western Romance languages</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, the final <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> is the usual mark of <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">plural</a> <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">nouns</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_systems">Other systems</h3></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> represents the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar sibilant">voiceless alveolar sibilant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/S_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="S (disambiguation)">S (disambiguation)</a></div> <ul><li>Used in a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">chemical formula</a> to represent <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>. For example, <span class="chemf nowrap">SO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> is <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a>.</li> <li>Used in the <a href="/wiki/Preferred_IUPAC_name" title="Preferred IUPAC name">preferred IUPAC name</a> for a chemical to indicate a specific <a href="/wiki/Enantiomer" title="Enantiomer">enantiomer</a>. For example, "(S)-2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid" is one of the enantiomers of <a href="/wiki/Mecoprop" title="Mecoprop">mecoprop</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_characters">Related characters</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descendants_and_related_characters_in_the_Latin_alphabet">Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet</h3></div> <ul><li>ſ : Latin letter <a href="/wiki/Long_s" title="Long s">long s</a>, an obsolete variant of s</li> <li>ẜ ẝ : Various forms of long s were used for medieval <a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">scribal abbreviations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ẞ ß : <a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" title="ß">German Eszett</a> or "sharp S", derived from a ligature of long s followed by either s or z</li> <li>S with <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a>: <a href="/wiki/%C5%9A" title="Ś">Ś ś</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A0" title="Ṡ">Ṡ ṡ ẛ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṩ">Ṩ ṩ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṥ">Ṥ ṥ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A2" title="Ṣ">Ṣ ṣ</a> <a href="/wiki/S%CC%A9" title="S̩">S̩ s̩</a> <a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%A8" title="Ꞩ">Ꞩ ꞩ</a> Ꟊ ꟊ<sup id="cite_ref-L219179_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L219179-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ꟍ ꟍ<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9C" title="Ŝ">Ŝ ŝ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṧ">Ṧ ṧ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">Š š</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E" title="Ş">Ş ş</a> <a href="/wiki/S-comma" class="mw-redirect" title="S-comma">Ș ș</a> <a href="/wiki/S%CC%88" title="S̈">S̈ s̈</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B6%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ᶊ">ᶊ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȿ">Ȿ ȿ</a> ᵴ<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B6%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="ᶳ">ᶳ</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ₛ : Subscript small s was used in the <a href="/wiki/Uralic_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralic Phonetic Alphabet">Uralic Phonetic Alphabet</a> prior to its formal standardization in 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CB%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ˢ">ˢ</a> : Modifier letter small s is used for phonetic transcription.</li> <li>ꜱ : Small capital S was used in the Icelandic <a href="/wiki/First_Grammatical_Treatise" title="First Grammatical Treatise">First Grammatical Treatise</a> to mark <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">gemination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ʂ ʂ : S with hook, used for writing <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a> using the early draft version of <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> romanization during the mid-1950s<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ƨ ƨ : Latin letter <a href="/wiki/%C6%A7" title="Ƨ">reversed S</a> (used in <a href="/wiki/Standard_Zhuang" title="Standard Zhuang">Zhuang</a> transliteration)</li> <li>𝼩 : Latin small letter s with mid-height left hook was used by the <a href="/wiki/British_and_Foreign_Bible_Society" title="British and Foreign Bible Society">British and Foreign Bible Society</a> in the early 20th century for <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanization</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> language.<sup id="cite_ref-L221156_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L221156-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>-specific symbols related to S: <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span></li> <li>Para-IPA version of the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> fricative ɕ:<sup id="cite_ref-L221041_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L221041-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 𝼞 𐞺</li> <li>Ꞅ ꞅ : <a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a> S</li> <li>Ꟗ ꟗ : Used in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Scots" title="Middle Scots">Middle Scots</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ꟙ ꟙ : Latin letter Sigmoid S was used in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> <a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">palaeography</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Derived_signs,_symbols,_and_abbreviations"><span id="Derived_signs.2C_symbols.2C_and_abbreviations"></span>Derived signs, symbols, and abbreviations</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sortavala_Coat_of_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sortavala_Coat_of_Arms.svg/170px-Sortavala_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sortavala_Coat_of_Arms.svg/255px-Sortavala_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sortavala_Coat_of_Arms.svg/340px-Sortavala_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>A letter S in the coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Sortavala" title="Sortavala">Sortavala</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>$ : <a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">Dollar sign</a></li> <li>₷ : <a href="/wiki/Spesmilo" title="Spesmilo">Spesmilo</a></li> <li>§ : <a href="/wiki/%C2%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="§">Section sign</a></li> <li>℠ : <a href="/wiki/Service_mark_symbol" title="Service mark symbol">Service mark symbol</a></li> <li>∫ : <a href="/wiki/Integral_symbol" title="Integral symbol">Integral symbol</a>, short for <a href="/wiki/Summation" title="Summation">summation</a> (derived from long s)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestors_and_siblings_in_other_alphabets">Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets</h3></div> <ul><li>𐤔 : <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Semitic</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">Shin</a>, from which the following symbols originally derive: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">archaic Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma">Sigma</a> could be written with different numbers of angles and strokes. Besides the classical form with four strokes (<span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sigma_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Greek_Sigma_normal.svg/13px-Greek_Sigma_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Greek_Sigma_normal.svg/19px-Greek_Sigma_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Greek_Sigma_normal.svg/26px-Greek_Sigma_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span>), a three-stroke form resembling an angular Latin S (<span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sigma_Z-shaped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Greek_Sigma_Z-shaped.svg/13px-Greek_Sigma_Z-shaped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Greek_Sigma_Z-shaped.svg/19px-Greek_Sigma_Z-shaped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Greek_Sigma_Z-shaped.svg/26px-Greek_Sigma_Z-shaped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span>) was commonly found, and was particularly characteristic of some mainland Greek varieties, including the Attic and several "red" alphabets. <ul><li>Σ: <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">classical Greek</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma">Sigma</a> <ul><li>Ϲ ϲ: Greek <a href="/wiki/Lunate_sigma" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunate sigma">lunate sigma</a> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1107333977">.mw-parser-output .script-coptic{font-family:"Sophia Nubian","Noto Sans Coptic","FreeSerif","Quivira","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol","New Athena Unicode","MPH 2B Damase","Arial Coptic","Analecta","Antinoou"}</style><span class="script-coptic">Ⲥ ⲥ</span> : <a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a> letter sima</li> <li>С с : <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Es_(Cyrillic)" title="Es (Cyrillic)">Es</a>, derived from a form of sigma</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>𐌔 : <a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Italic script">Old Italic</a> letter S, includes the variants also found in the archaic Greek letter <ul><li>S: <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> letter S</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227795492"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛊ, ᛋ, ᛌ</span> : <a href="/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">Runic</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō">sowilo</a>, which is derived from Old Italic S</li></ul></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r866748126">.mw-parser-output .script-gothic{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Vulcanius,Junicode,Pfeffer Mediæval,Ulfilas,Silubr,Skeirs,Midjungards,ALPHABETUM,FreeSerif,FreeSans,"Noto Sans Gothic",Code2001,"Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol",serif}</style><span class="script-gothic">𐍃</span>: <a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a> letter sigil</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Ս : <a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian letter</a> <a href="/wiki/Se_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Se (letter)">Se</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_representations">Other representations</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computing">Computing <span class="anchor" id="Computing_codes"></span></h3></div> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">S</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">s</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ｓ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ｓ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273787049">.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child{height:50px}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]{height:100%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div>span:nth-child(2){margin:auto;padding:10px 0;font-size:150%;font-family:monospace;line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .smallcaps-cm{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .template-charmap-numchr td:nth-child(n/**/+2){font-size:90%;font-family:monospace;padding:2px}</style>Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER S </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER S </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>83</td> <td>U+0053</td> <td>115</td> <td>U+0073</td> <td>65331</td> <td>U+FF33</td> <td>65363</td> <td>U+FF53 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>83</td> <td>53</td> <td>115</td> <td>73</td> <td>239 188 179</td> <td>EF BC B3</td> <td>239 189 147</td> <td>EF BD 93 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#83;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x53;<wbr /></td> <td>&#115;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x73;<wbr /></td> <td>&#65331;<wbr /></td> <td>&#xFF33;<wbr /></td> <td>&#65363;<wbr /></td> <td>&#xFF53;<wbr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>83</td> <td>53</td> <td>115</td> <td>73</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_representations_2">Other representations</h3></div> <div style="width: 500px;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; line-height:1.3em; padding:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/NATO_spelling_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO spelling alphabet">NATO phonetic</a> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; line-height: 100%; font-size:150%"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;">Sierra<br /><i style="font-size:75%"></i> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; font-size: large;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion nounderlines"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d8\/S_morse_code.ogg\/S_morse_code.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1268038863\">.mw-parser-output .morse{font-family:monospace;font-size:37.5%;vertical-align:.75em;white-space:pre-wrap}.mw-parser-output .morse~.morse::before{content:\"\\a0 \"}<\/style><span class=\"morse\">&#160;&#9604;&#160;&#9604;&#160;&#9604;&#160;<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"S morse code.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/S_morse_code.ogg/S_morse_code.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268038863">.mw-parser-output .morse{font-family:monospace;font-size:37.5%;vertical-align:.75em;white-space:pre-wrap}.mw-parser-output .morse~.morse::before{content:"\a0 "}</style><span class="morse"> ▄ ▄ ▄ </span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:S_morse_code.ogg" title="File:S morse code.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 80px;"> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Sierra.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ICS_Sierra.svg/75px-ICS_Sierra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ICS_Sierra.svg/113px-ICS_Sierra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ICS_Sierra.svg/150px-ICS_Sierra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Sierra.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Semaphore_Sierra.svg/90px-Semaphore_Sierra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Semaphore_Sierra.svg/135px-Semaphore_Sierra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Semaphore_Sierra.svg/180px-Semaphore_Sierra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sign_language_S.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sign_language_S.svg/90px-Sign_language_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sign_language_S.svg/135px-Sign_language_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sign_language_S.svg/180px-Sign_language_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="438" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BSL_letter_S.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BSL_letter_S.svg/90px-BSL_letter_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BSL_letter_S.svg/135px-BSL_letter_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BSL_letter_S.svg/180px-BSL_letter_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_S.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠎"><img alt="⠎" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/77px-Braille_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/116px-Braille_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/154px-Braille_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver; padding-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Signal flag</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/American_manual_alphabet" title="American manual alphabet">American manual alphabet</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a> <a href="/wiki/Fingerspelling" title="Fingerspelling">fingerspelling</a>) </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/British_manual_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="British manual alphabet">British manual alphabet</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">BSL</a> <a href="/wiki/Fingerspelling" title="Fingerspelling">fingerspelling</a>) </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Braille_pattern_dots-234" title="Braille pattern dots-234">Braille dots-234</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English Braille</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cool_S" title="Cool S">Cool S</a></li> <li>Ⓢ in <a href="/wiki/Enclosed_Alphanumerics" title="Enclosed Alphanumerics">Enclosed Alphanumerics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spelled 'es'- in compound words</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"S", <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>,</i> 2nd edition (1989); <i>Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged</i> (1993); "ess," op. cit.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"corresponds etymologically (in part, at least) to original Semitic <i>ṯ</i> (th), which was pronounced <i>s</i> in South Canaanite" Albright, W. F., "The Early Alphabetic Inscriptions from Sinai and their Decipherment," Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 110 (1948), p. 15. The interpretation as "tooth" is now prevalent, but not entirely certain. The <i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i> of 1972 reported that the letter represented a "composite bow".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodard, Roger D. (2006). "Alphabet". In Wilson, Nigel Guy. Encyclopedia of ancient Greece. London: Routldedge. p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">...τὠυτὸ γράμμα, τὸ Δωριέες μὲν σὰν καλέουσι ,Ἴωνες δὲ σίγμα</span></span>" ('...the same letter, which the Dorians call "San", but the Ionians "Sigma"...'; Herodotus, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">Histories</a></i> 1.139); cf. Nick Nicholas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/nonattic.html"><i>Non-Attic letters</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120628161421/http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/nonattic.html">Archived</a> 2012-06-28 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley Morison, <i>A Memoir of John Bell, 1745–1831</i> (1930, Cambridge Univ. Press) page 105; Daniel Berkeley Updike, <i>Printing Types, Their History, Forms, and Use – a study in survivals</i> (2nd. ed, 1951, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>) page 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/File:Schrifterlass_Antiqua1941.gif" title="File:Schrifterlass Antiqua1941.gif">Order</a> of 3 January 1941 to all public offices, signed by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKapr1993" class="citation book cs1">Kapr, Albert (1993). <i>Fraktur: Form und Geschichte der gebrochenen Schriften</i>. 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Schmidt. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-87439-260-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-87439-260-0"><bdi>3-87439-260-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fraktur%3A+Form+und+Geschichte+der+gebrochenen+Schriften&rft.place=Mainz&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=H.+Schmidt&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=3-87439-260-0&rft.aulast=Kapr&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pi.math.cornell.edu/~mec/2003-2004/cryptography/subs/frequencies.html">"English Letter Frequency"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140523074827/http://www.math.cornell.edu/~mec/2003-2004/cryptography/subs/frequencies.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F06-027%3A+Proposal+to+add+Medievalist+characters+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2006-01-30&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Baker%2C+Peter&rft.au=Emiliano%2C+Ant%C3%B3nio&rft.au=Grammel%2C+Florian&rft.au=Haugen%2C+Odd+Einar&rft.au=Luft%2C+Diana&rft.au=Pedro%2C+Susana&rft.au=Schumacher%2C+Gerd&rft.au=St%C3%B6tzner%2C+Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2006%2F06027-n3027-medieval.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L219179-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L219179_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEversonLilley2019" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael; Lilley, Chris (26 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19179-n5044-tau-gallicum.pdf">"L2/19-179: Proposal for the addition of four Latin characters for Gaulish"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F19-179%3A+Proposal+for+the+addition+of+four+Latin+characters+for+Gaulish&rft.date=2019-05-26&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Lilley%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2019%2F19179-n5044-tau-gallicum.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2022" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk (9 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22113r-two-latin-chars.pdf">"L2/22-113R: Unicode request for two BMP Latin characters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F22-113R%3A+Unicode+request+for+two+BMP+Latin+characters&rft.date=2022-07-09&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2022%2F22113r-two-latin-chars.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstable2003" class="citation web cs1">Constable, Peter (30 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03174r2-mid-tilde.pdf">"L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011013938/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03174r2-mid-tilde.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F03-174R2%3A+Proposal+to+Encode+Phonetic+Symbols+with+Middle+Tilde+in+the+UCS&rft.date=2003-09-30&rft.aulast=Constable&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2003%2F03174r2-mid-tilde.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstable2004" class="citation web cs1">Constable, Peter (19 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf">"L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011014355/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F04-132+Proposal+to+add+additional+phonetic+characters+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2004-04-19&rft.aulast=Constable&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2004%2F04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuppelAaltoEverson2009" class="citation web cs1">Ruppel, Klaas; Aalto, Tero; Everson, Michael (27 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2009/09028-n3571-upa-additions.pdf">"L2/09-028: Proposal to encode additional characters for the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011014359/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2009/09028-n3571-upa-additions.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F09-028%3A+Proposal+to+encode+additional+characters+for+the+Uralic+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.date=2009-01-27&rft.aulast=Ruppel&rft.aufirst=Klaas&rft.au=Aalto%2C+Tero&rft.au=Everson%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2009%2F09028-n3571-upa-additions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestChanEverson2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_West_(linguist)" title="Andrew West (linguist)">West, Andrew</a>; Chan, Eiso; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Everson, Michael</a> (16 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17013-n4782-latin.pdf">"L2/17-013: Proposal to encode three uppercase Latin letters used in early Pinyin"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226054908/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17013-n4782-latin.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F17-013%3A+Proposal+to+encode+three+uppercase+Latin+letters+used+in+early+Pinyin&rft.date=2017-01-16&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Chan%2C+Eiso&rft.au=Everson%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2017%2F17013-n4782-latin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L221156-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L221156_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerRees2021" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk; Rees, Neil (16 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21156-legacy-malayalam.pdf">"L2/21-156: Unicode request for legacy Malayalam"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F21-156%3A+Unicode+request+for+legacy+Malayalam&rft.date=2021-07-16&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.au=Rees%2C+Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2021%2F21156-legacy-malayalam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L221041-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L221041_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2021" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk (11 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21041-add-para-ipa-ltr.pdf">"L2/21-041: Unicode request for additional para-IPA letters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F21-041%3A+Unicode+request+for+additional+para-IPA+letters&rft.date=2021-01-11&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2021%2F21041-add-para-ipa-ltr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2019" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael (25 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19180r-n5045r-middle-scots-s.pdf">"L2/19-180R: Proposal to add two characters for Middle Scots to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F19-180R%3A+Proposal+to+add+two+characters+for+Middle+Scots+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2019-04-25&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2019%2F19180r-n5045r-middle-scots-s.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2020" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael (1 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20269-n5146-sigmoid-s.pdf">"L2/20-269: Proposal to add two SIGMOID S characters for mediaeval palaeography"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-269%3A+Proposal+to+add+two+SIGMOID+S+characters+for+mediaeval+palaeography&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20269-n5146-sigmoid-s.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" 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href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/S">"S" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work"><i>The New Student's Reference Work</i> </a></span>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=S&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_script492" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_script/main" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script492" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letter S with <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A" title="Ś">Śś</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṥ">Ṥṥ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9C" title="Ŝ">Ŝŝ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">Šš</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṧ">Ṧṧ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/S%CC%88" title="S̈">S̈s̈</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A0" title="Ṡ">Ṡṡ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E" title="Ş">Şş</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A2" title="Ṣ">Ṣṣ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṩ">Ṩṩ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/S-comma" class="mw-redirect" title="S-comma">Șș</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/S%CC%A9" title="S̩">S̩s̩</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%A8" title="Ꞩ">Ꞩꞩ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9F%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꟊ (page does not exist)">Ꟊꟊ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/S_with_swash_tail" title="S with swash tail">Ȿȿ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%EA%9F%85" class="mw-redirect" title="Ʂ">Ʂʂ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B6%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ᶊ">ᶊ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ᵴ">ᵴ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%F0%9D%BC%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="𝼞 (page does not exist)">𝼞</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%F0%9D%BC%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="𝼩 (page does not exist)">𝼩</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꟍ (page does not exist)">Ꟍꟍ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">Palaeography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S&oldid=1272456841">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S&oldid=1272456841</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_basic_Latin_letters" title="Category:ISO basic Latin letters">ISO basic Latin letters</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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