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How to Find a Virus Species Name | ICTV
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fa-angle-right"></span> <span>How to Find a Virus Species Name</span> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="block-teamplus-page-title" class="contextual-region clearfix block block-core block-page-title-block"> <div data-contextual-id="block:block=teamplus_page_title:has_overrides=0&langcode=en|settings_tray::langcode=en" data-contextual-token="EGZbqN49OnqdTCv6ryGIQ0ncfHWO3AIGYwkVMbp46SI" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <h1 class="title page-title">How to Find a Virus Species Name</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="system-messages clearfix"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="region region-system-messages"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main-content" class="clearfix main-content region--bright-background region--no-separator"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="clearfix main-content__container"> <div class="row"> <section class="col-12 pe-xl-5 ps-xl-5"> <div class="clearfix main-content__section region--no-block-paddings region--no-paddings" > <div class="region region-content"> <article data-history-node-id="2516" class="contextual-region node node--type-howto node--promoted node--view-mode-full node--display-submitted clearfix"> <div class="node__container"> <div class="node__main-content clearfix"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h3>How to Find a Virus Species Name</h3></div> <div class="field field--name-field-video1 field--type-video-embed-field field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wqERUT69nd4?autoplay=1&start=0&rel=0"></iframe> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text1 field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p> </p><h4>Video Transcript</h4><p>Prepared and narrated by Steve Powell, August, 2023</p><p><o:p></o:p><a name="_Hlk134450267"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">In this video we will use the ICTV Master Species List, or MSL, in combination with the Taxonomy Browser to find a virus species name.</span></a><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;"> </span><span style="background:white;color:black;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;"> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">For a detailed description of the Taxonomy Browser, please see the How-to video “The ICTV Taxonomy Browser: What it is and how to use it.” </span><span style="background:white;color:black;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;"> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">To access the MSL, click on the “Master Species List” link, located on the homepage</span><span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">.</span><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;"> </span><span style="background:white;color:black;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;"> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><a name="_Hlk139634226"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">Let us begin by making the distinction between a virus and a virus species. A “virus” is a physical entity that may infect and cause disease; whereas a “virus species” is a taxonomic classification, which is an artificial construct that allows us to show how viruses are related. Therefore, it follows that a “virus name” is the name of the virus, that is, the physical entity; whereas a “virus species name” is the name of the category into which the virus has been classified.</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">As an example, suppose that we want to find the species name of the measles virus in the MSL.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">We can try doing a search for “measles”, using the Excel “Find” utility. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">However</span><span style="color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">, the search does not find it.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">This is because</span><span style="background:rgb(238, 238, 238);color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;"> </span><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">“measles” is the virus name, and the MSL does not contain virus names, but rather virus species names. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">Next, if we go to the Taxonomy Browser and do a search for “measles” across all ICTV MSL releases, we get some results, since “measles” was once part of the species name. However, in general, searching for the virus name will produce no results. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">One of the reasons why we could find it in the Taxonomy Browser search, but could not find it in the MSL search, is because the taxonomy browser search is across all releases, whereas MSL search is not.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><a name="_Hlk135224970"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">Now let’s go to the most recent MSL release in the search results table, which is the 2021 release, and click the “View” button.</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><a name="_Hlk135213514"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">The Taxonomy Browser automatically scrolls down to the species </span><em><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">Measles morbillivirus.</span></em></a><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;"> So now we know that this was the species name for measles at the time of the 2021 MSL release. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">When you hover over the row, you will see the words “click for details” appear. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><a name="_Hlk139969493"><span style="color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">Clicking on this will take you to the Taxon Details page, which provides the history of this taxon.</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><a name="_Hlk135227646"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">From the Taxon Details, we can see that the change was made in the 2022 release of the MSL, where </span><em><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">Measles morbillivirus</span></em><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;"> was renamed </span></a><em><span style="color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">Morbillivirus hominis</span></em><span style="color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">The rank names at the top of the page represent those that you selected from the browser, but you can always see the most recent</span><span style="background:rgb(238, 238, 238);color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;"> </span><span style="color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">ones below that.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">For more details, please see the How-to video “The ICTV Taxonomy Browser: What it is and how to use it.”</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><a name="_Hlk139634542"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">Now that we know the species name for measles, let’s copy “</span></a><em><span style="color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">Morbillivirus hominis,</span></em><span style="color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">”</span><em><span style="color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;"> </span></em><span style="color:rgb(50, 50, 50);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">download the current MSL, and do a search for the species name.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">Now that we have located the species name in the MSL, I am going to highlight this row in yellow. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">We see that the most current, complete taxonomic classification for the species is provided. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">Also provided is the genome composition (which for this species is negative sense, single stranded RNA), the most recent taxonomic change (as we have seen, the species name was changed), the MSL in which the last change occurred (which was MSL38), and a URL for the proposal for the last change which is located on the ICTV website.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><a name="_Hlk139634587"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">In the file is an Excel spreadsheet and a Word document. The Excel spreadsheet shows the change that was made, and the Word document explains the change.</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><a name="_Hlk139634605"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">And finally, the last column in the MSL contains a URL for the taxon history,</span></a><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;"> which we saw earlier in this video.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><a name="_Hlk139634649"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">We hope that this video has been helpful. For additional How-To videos, please see the ICTV website under “Help.”</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:15.693334px;margin:0in 0in 8pt;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;"><span style="background:white;color:rgb(78, 86, 95);font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;line-height:17.120001px;">Thank you</span><o:p></o:p><br> </p></div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footers-container"> <div id="subfooter" class="clearfix subfooter region--shade-background region--no-separator region--no-block-paddings region--no-paddings"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="clearfix subfooter__container"> 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