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拉丁语 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-異名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#異名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>異名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-異名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-在语言史中的定位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在语言史中的定位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>在语言史中的定位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在语言史中的定位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-史前拉丁語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#史前拉丁語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>史前拉丁語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-史前拉丁語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-古体拉丁语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古体拉丁语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>古体拉丁语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古体拉丁语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-古典拉丁语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古典拉丁语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>古典拉丁语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古典拉丁语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-古典后拉丁语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古典后拉丁语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>古典后拉丁语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古典后拉丁语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-晚期拉丁语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#晚期拉丁语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>晚期拉丁语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-晚期拉丁语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衰落" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衰落"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>衰落</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-衰落-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-後續影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#後續影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>後續影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-後續影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-字母和发音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字母和发音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>字母和发音</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-字母和发音-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关字母和发音子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-字母和发音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-发音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>发音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-发音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>语法</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-语法-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关语法子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-语法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-名詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>名詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-五类變格法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#五类變格法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>五类變格法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-五类變格法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-動詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#動詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>動詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-動詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-名言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>名言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-备注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#备注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>备注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-备注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-学习资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#学习资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>学习资料</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-学习资料-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关学习资料子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-学习资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-教科書" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教科書"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>教科書</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教科書-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-词典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>词典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-词典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语法_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语法_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>语法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语法_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史语言学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史语言学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>历史语言学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史语言学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">拉丁语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。242种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-242" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">242种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%AD%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Алаҭын бызшәа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Алаҭын бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Latyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateinische_Sprache" title="Lateinische Sprache – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Lateinische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AE%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%8C%A5" title="ሮማይስጥ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሮማይስጥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADn" title="Latín – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Latín" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6den" title="Læden – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Læden" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लैटिन भाषा – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लैटिन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة اللاتينية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة اللاتينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A0%DC%90%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لاتينية – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لاتينية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="لاتينى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لاتينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="লেটিন ভাষা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লেটিন ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_llat%C3%ADn" title="Idioma llatín – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma llatín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Латин мацӀ – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Латин мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C4%B1n_dili" title="Latın dili – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Latın dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لاتین دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لاتین دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Латин теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Latin" title="Basa Latin – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Latin" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latein" title="Latein – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Latein" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luot%C4%ABnu_kalba" title="Luotīnu kalba – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Luotīnu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Latin" title="Tataramon na Latin – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Latin" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лацінская мова – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лацінская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лацінская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лацінская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински език – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Латински език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="लैटिन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लैटिन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 班巴拉语" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="লাতিন ভাষা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লাতিন ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ལ་ཏིན་སྐད། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལ་ཏིན་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Latinski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Latin" title="Saro Latin – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Latin" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Лата хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Лата хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llat%C3%AD" title="Llatí – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llatí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_Latin" title="Lengua Latin – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Lengua Latin" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1-d%C4%ADng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Латинан мотт – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Латинан мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linatin" title="Linatin – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Linatin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%B6%E1%8E%BB_%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏂᎶᎻ ᎤᏂᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᎶᎻ ᎤᏂᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی لاتینی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی لاتینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua latina" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_tili" title="Latin tili – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Latin tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina" title="Latina – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Latina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81acy%C5%84sczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Łacyńsczi jãzëk – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Łacyńsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Латиньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Латиньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Латин чĕлхи – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Латин чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lladin" title="Lladin – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lladin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latein" title="Latein – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Latein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinki" title="Latinki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Latinki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81aty%C5%84%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Łatyńšćina – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Łatyńšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Latin" title="Boros Latin – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Latin" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Λατινική γλώσσα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λατινική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%A8in" title="Latèin – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Latèin" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina_lingvo" title="Latina lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Latina lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADn" title="Latín – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Latín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladina_keel" title="Ladina keel – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ladina keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_latina" title="Lengua latina – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua latina" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="لاتین – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina" title="Latina – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Latina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladina_kiil" title="Ladina kiil – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ladina kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADnskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Latínskt mál – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Latínskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latiinsk_spriak" title="Latiinsk spriak – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Latiinsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_latine" title="Lenghe latine – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe latine" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Latyn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Laidin" title="An Laidin – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Laidin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_dili" title="Latin dili – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Latin dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="拉丁語 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="拉丁語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laten" title="Laten – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Laten" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laideann" title="Laideann – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Laideann" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua latina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasio%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Lasioñe'ẽ – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Lasioñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladjyn" title="Ladjyn – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ladjyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen_Latin" title="Harshen Latin – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harshen Latin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2-t%C3%AAn-ng%C3%AE" title="Lâ-tên-ngî – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lâ-tên-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="לטינית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לטינית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लातिन भाषा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लातिन भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Latinski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81a%C4%87on%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Łaćonšćina – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Łaćonšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laten" title="Laten – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Laten" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_nyelv" title="Latin nyelv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Latin nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Լատիներեն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լատիներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Լատիներէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լատիներէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_latin" title="Lingua latin – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua latin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Latin" title="Jaku Latin – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Latin" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Latin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 国际文字(E)" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字(E)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Latin" title="Pagsasao a Latin – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Latin" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Латиний мотт – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Латиний мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina_linguo" title="Latina linguo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Latina linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADna" title="Latína – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Latína" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua latina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="ラテン語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラテン語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latn" title="Latn – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Latn" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Latin" title="Basa Latin – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Latin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ლათინური ენა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლათინური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C4%B1n_tili" title="Latın tili – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Latın tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talatint" title="Talatint – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Talatint" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Латиныбзэ – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Латиныбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C9%9B%C5%8B_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lati%CC%B1n_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Lati̱n (a̱lyem) – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Lati̱n (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilatini" title="Kilatini – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kilatini" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Latin" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Латын тілі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Латын тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latiinerisut" title="Latiinerisut – 格陵兰语" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Latiinerisut" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="格陵兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="ភាសាឡាតាំង – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាឡាតាំង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B4%EC%96%B4" title="라틴어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라틴어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Латин тил – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Латин тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%B2%D8%B7%D9%90%D9%86_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لٲطِن زَبان – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لٲطِن زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latting" title="Latting – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Latting" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_lat%C3%AEn%C3%AE" title="Zimanê latînî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê latînî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Латин кыв – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Латин кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Latina" title="Lingua Latina – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Latina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADn" title="Latín – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Latín" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%A4in" title="Latäin – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Latäin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%8F%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Латӏин маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Латӏин маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Латин чӀал – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Латин чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina_(lingua)" title="Latina (lingua) – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Latina (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latien" title="Latien – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Latien" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_lat%C3%ACnn-a" title="Léngoa latìnn-a – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Léngoa latìnn-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_latin" title="Lingaz latin – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz latin" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina" title="Latina – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Latina" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%87" title="ພາສາລາແຕງ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາລາແຕງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotyn%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lotynų kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lotynų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86u_valoda" title="Latīņu valoda – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Latīņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Латинонь кяль – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Латинонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_latina" title="Fiteny latina – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny latina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Латин йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Латин йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C4%81tini" title="Reo Rātini – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Rātini" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински јазик – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Латински јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ലാറ്റിൻ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലാറ്റിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Латин хэл – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Латин хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लॅटिन भाषा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लॅटिन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Латин йӹлмӹ – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Латин йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Latin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Latina" title="Lingwa Latina – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Latina" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_lhatina" title="Lhéngua lhatina – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhéngua lhatina" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="လက်တင်ဘာသာစကား – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လက်တင်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Латинэнь кель – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Латинэнь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="لاتین – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لاتین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_latina" title="Lengua latina – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua latina" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latiensche_Spraak" title="Latiensche Spraak – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Latiensche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latien" title="Latien – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Latien" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमन भाषा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रोमन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ल्याटिन भाषा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ल्याटिन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Latijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinum" title="Latinum – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Latinum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%AEn" title="Latîn – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Latîn" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilatini" title="Chilatini – 齐切瓦语" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chilatini" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="齐切瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinan_kieli" title="Latinan kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Latinan kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ଲାଟିନ ଭାଷା – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲାଟିନ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Латинаг æвзаг – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Латинаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Latino" title="Salitan Latino – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Latino" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latein" title="Latein – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Latein" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leten" title="Leten – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Leten" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łacina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_latin-a" title="Lenga latin-a – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga latin-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لاطینی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لاطینی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="لاتيني ژبه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لاتيني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latim" title="Latim – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Latim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_simi" title="Latin simi – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Latin simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba latină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinica" title="Latinica – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Latinica" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Латинский язык – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Латинский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Латиньскый язык – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Латиньскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikilatini" title="Ikilatini – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikilatini" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लातिनीभाषा – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लातिनीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Латыын тыла – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Латыын тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_latina" title="Limba latina – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba latina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua latina" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laitin" title="Laitin – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Laitin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="لاطيني – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لاطيني" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1htengiella" title="Láhtengiella – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Láhtengiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Latinski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Talatint" title="Tutlayt Talatint – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Talatint" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ලතින් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලතින්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin%C4%8Dina" title="Latinčina – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Latinčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لاطینی زبان – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="لاطینی زبان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Latinščina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Latinščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiratini" title="Chiratini – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chiratini" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Laatiin" title="Af-Laatiin – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Laatiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_latine" title="Gjuha latine – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha latine" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински језик – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Латински језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latiensk" title="Latiensk – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Latiensk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Lat%C3%A9n" title="Basa Latén – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Latén" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilatini" title="Kilatini – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kilatini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81a%C4%87ina" title="Łaćina – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Łaćina" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="இலத்தீன் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலத்தீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="లాటిన్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లాటిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони лотинӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони лотинӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาละติน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาละติน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyn_dili" title="Latyn dili – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Latyn dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Latin" title="Wikang Latin – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Latin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyni_zyvon" title="Latyni zyvon – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Latyni zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Latin" title="Tok Latin – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Latin" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latince" title="Latince – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Latince" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Латин теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Латин дыл – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Латин дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Латин кыл – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Латин кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="لاتىن تىلى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لاتىن تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Латинська мова – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Латинська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لاطینی زبان – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لاطینی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotin_tili" title="Lotin tili – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lotin tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_%C5%82atina" title="Łéngua łatina – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua łatina" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinan_kel%27" title="Latinan kel' – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Latinan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Latinh" title="Tiếng Latinh – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Latinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Latyn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%A9n" title="Latén – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Latén" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linatin" title="Linatin – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Linatin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" title="拉丁文 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉丁文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Латин келн – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Латин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulwimi_lwesiLatini" title="Ulwimi lwesiLatini – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ulwimi lwesiLatini" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ლათინური ნინა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლათინური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="לאטיין – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאטיין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_L%C3%A1t%C3%ACn%C3%AC" title="Èdè Látìnì – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Látìnì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Latijn" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="拉丁語 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="拉丁語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lating-g%C3%AD" title="Lating-gí – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lating-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" title="拉丁文 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉丁文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILatin" title="ILatin – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ILatin" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q397#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84078810">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">拉丁语</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="la" title="拉丁語文本">lingua latīna</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rome_Colosseum_inscription_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rome_Colosseum_inscription_2.jpg/300px-Rome_Colosseum_inscription_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rome_Colosseum_inscription_2.jpg/450px-Rome_Colosseum_inscription_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rome_Colosseum_inscription_2.jpg/600px-Rome_Colosseum_inscription_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%97%E5%85%BD%E5%9C%BA" title="罗马斗兽场">罗马斗兽场</a>内的拉丁语铭文</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">发音</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[laˈtiːna]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国">罗马共和国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国">罗马帝国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-disambig" title="近代">近代</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%9E%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="奇里乞亚亚美尼亚王国">奇里乞亚亚美尼亚王国</a>(作为通用语)、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7" title="聖座">聖座</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">族群</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E4%BA%BA" title="拉丁人">拉丁人</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1" title="語言滅亡">語言滅亡</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="通俗拉丁语">通俗拉丁语</a>于6至9世纪发展至各种<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语言</a>;正式拉丁语作为学术通用语一直延续至中世纪,作为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马天主教会">罗马天主教会</a>宗教语言延续至今。</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="意大利语族">意大利语族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81-%E6%B3%95%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁-法利希语支">拉丁-法利希语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>拉丁语</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">早期形式</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古拉丁語">古拉丁语</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><b>拉丁语</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">作为官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">管理机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">古代:罗马语法及修辞学校<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />现代:宗座拉丁语学院</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=la">la</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/lat" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:lat">lat</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/lat" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:lat">lat</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9E%AD%E6%9C%9B%E7%AB%99" title="语言瞭望站">语言瞭望站</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code>51-AAB-a</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/450px-Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/600px-Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国">罗马帝国</a>的最大范围,除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="古希腊">古希腊</a>共通语主导了东部地区以外,在其他地区拉丁语通常具有本地语的地位。</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-Romance_Language_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Map-Romance_Language_World.svg/300px-Map-Romance_Language_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Map-Romance_Language_World.svg/450px-Map-Romance_Language_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Map-Romance_Language_World.svg/600px-Map-Romance_Language_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">拉丁语的现代传承——<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族</a>的使用范围。</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#ddddff;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>本条目包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">国际音标</a>符号。</b>部分<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8" title="网页浏览器">浏览器</a>需要<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%88%87%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="Help:特殊字母與符號">特殊字母与符号支持</a>才能正確显示,否则可能显示为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%82%E7%A2%BC" title="亂碼">乱码</a>、问号、空格等其它符号。</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>拉丁语</b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">lingua latīna</span>,<small>IPA:</small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:拉丁語國際音標">[ˈlɪŋɡʷa laˈtiːna]</a></span>)是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="意大利语族">意大利语族</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="古典語言">古典语言</a>,是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="古羅馬">古羅馬</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">官方语言</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="通用语">通用语</a>,當時的書面語<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="古典拉丁語">古典拉丁語</a>的使用至少可追溯至<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD" title="奥古斯都">奥古斯都</a>時期。拉丁語最初是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E4%BC%AF%E6%B2%B3" title="台伯河">台伯河</a>下游<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%A7%86" title="拉丁姆">拉丁姆</a>(现今的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%BD%90%E5%A5%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="拉齐奥">拉齐奥</a>)地区的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>,随着<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国">罗马共和国</a>和之后罗马帝国的疆域扩张成为<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>大部和环<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>地区的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="通用语">通用语</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="西罗马帝国">西罗马帝国</a>崩溃后,拉丁语仍作为欧洲各国相互间<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="外交">外交</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF" title="学术">学术</a>交流的通用语而广泛使用到<a href="/wiki/18%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="18世纪">18世纪</a>,且由<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="通俗拉丁语">通俗拉丁语</a>演化出的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="罗曼语言">罗曼语言</a>至今仍是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a>诸国及其前<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="殖民地">殖民地</a>地区的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="第一语言">第一语言</a>,并深刻影响了包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>在内的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼语">日耳曼语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="斯拉夫语">斯拉夫语</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語言">印欧语言</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="术语">术语</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87" title="词汇">词汇</a>。 </p><p>现在,虽然拉丁语通常被认为是一种<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E8%B7%A1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="絕跡語言">死语言</a>(因为已无<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="母语">母语</a>使用者,但也有部分人认为仅算是<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="瀕危語言">瀕危語言</a>),<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>仍被广泛应用于<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学">生物学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="解剖学">解剖学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6" title="法学">法学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="神学">神学</a>领域,<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>也是绝大多数欧洲语言的基础<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="表音文字">表音文字</a>。如今<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="教会拉丁语">教会拉丁语</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a>仍被<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="圣座">圣座</a>列为官方语言之一,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">罗马天主教</a>传统上也用拉丁语作为正式<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="會議">會議</a>的语言和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E6%8B%9C" title="礼拜">礼拜</a>仪式用的语言。现今仍有少数<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>神职人员及学者可以流利地使用拉丁语,许多<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="西方国家">西方国家</a>的大学、高中也仍然提供拉丁语课程<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。拉丁语<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%A0%B9" title="词根">词根</a>也常常被用于西方语言创造<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%AF%8D" title="新词">新词</a>的过程中。 </p><p>拉丁语及其后代罗曼语族(<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="意大利语">意大利语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙语">葡萄牙语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马尼亚语">罗马尼亚语</a>等)是意大利语族中仅存的一支。透过对早期<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>遗留文献的研究,可以证实其他意大利语族分支的存在,之后这些分支在罗马共和国时期逐步被拉丁语同化。拉丁语的亲属语言包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="法利斯克语">法利斯克语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%8E%E8%AF%AD" title="奥斯坎语">奥斯坎语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%81%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="翁布里亚语">翁布里亚语</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E8%AF%AD" title="威尼托语">威尼托语</a>可能是一个例外,作为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯">威尼斯</a>居民的语言,在罗马时代得以和拉丁语并列使用。 </p><p>拉丁语是一种高度<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96" title="屈折变化">屈折</a>的语言。它有三种不同的<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="性 (语法)">性</a>,名词有七<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="格 (语法)">格</a>,动词有四种词性变化、六种<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E6%80%81" title="时态">时态</a>、六种<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" title="人称">人称</a>、三种<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%94" title="语气">语气</a>、三种<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81" title="语态">语态</a>、两种<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="体 (语法)">体</a>、两个<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="数 (语法)">数</a>。七格当中有一格是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E6%A0%BC" title="方位格">方位格</a>,通常只和方位名词一起使用。呼格与主格高度相似,因此拉丁语一般只有五个不同的格。不同的作者在行文中可能使用五到七种格。形容词与副词类似,按照格、性、数曲折变化。虽然拉丁语中有指示代词指代远近,它却没有冠词。后来拉丁语透过不同的方式简化词尾的曲折变化,形成了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族</a>。 </p><p>拉丁语與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘語">希腊语</a>同為影響<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="歐美">歐美</a>學術與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>最深的语言。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>,拉丁语是当时欧洲不同国家交流的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E4%BB%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="媒介语">媒介语</a>,也是研究<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="科学">科学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="神學">神學</a>所必须的语言。直到近代,通晓拉丁语曾是研究任何<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91" title="人文学科">人文学科</a>教育的前提条件。直到20世纪,拉丁语的研究才逐渐衰落,重点转移到对當代语言的研究<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="異名"><span id=".E7.95.B0.E5.90.8D"></span>異名</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:異名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中文“拉丁”一词译自英语“Latin”,始见于1873年《中西闻见录》<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外拉丁语的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中文">中文</a>名称在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="清">清</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE" title="文献">文献</a>中曾有40多种异译,如“大西字”“红毛字”“番字”“喇提诺”“腊底诺”“辣第诺”“拉替努”“赖丁”“罗典”等<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;其中“腊定诺”“讷体那”“拉体诺”等称谓是译自拉丁文“Latino”<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="在语言史中的定位"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E5.8F.B2.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.9A.E4.BD.8D"></span>在语言史中的定位</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:在语言史中的定位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>中,“I”(我<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%A0%BC" title="主格">主格</a>)、“me”(我<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E6%A0%BC" title="宾格">宾格</a>)、“is”(是)、“mother”(母亲)、“brother”(兄弟)、“ten”(十),这些词实际上是以某种方式被<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="欧洲人">欧洲人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA" title="亚洲人">亚洲人</a>已经说了上千年的词。 </p><p>目前为止,并不清楚这些词到底有多么古老。虽然它们的拼写和发音因时空的差异而有所不同,但这些人类思想符号的基本要素却能够越过这样的时空跨度,一直留存到今天。从下面这个简表就可以看出这一点。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" align="center"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AF%AD" title="梵语">梵语</a></th> <th>希腊语</th> <th>拉丁语</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="盎格鲁-撒克逊语">盎格鲁-撒克逊语</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="古愛爾蘭語">古爱尔兰语</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="立陶宛语">立陶宛语</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a></th> <th>現代漢語翻譯 </th></tr> <tr> <td>aham</td> <td>ἐγώ<br />(egṓ)</td> <td>ego</td> <td>ie</td> <td></td> <td>aš</td> <td>я<br />(ya)</td> <td>ich</td> <td>I</td> <td>我<br />(主格) </td></tr> <tr> <td>mā</td> <td>με<br />(me)</td> <td>mē</td> <td>mē</td> <td>mé</td> <td>manè</td> <td>меня<br />(menya)</td> <td>mich</td> <td>me</td> <td>我<br />(賓格) </td></tr> <tr> <td>asti</td> <td>ἐστί<br />(esti)</td> <td>est</td> <td>is</td> <td>is</td> <td>esti</td> <td>есть<br />(yest')</td> <td>ist</td> <td>is</td> <td>是 </td></tr> <tr> <td>mātar-</td> <td>μήτηρ<br />(mētēr)</td> <td>māter</td> <td>mōdor</td> <td>máthir</td> <td>motė</td> <td>мать<br />(mat')</td> <td>Mutter</td> <td>mother</td> <td>母亲 </td></tr> <tr> <td>bhrātar-</td> <td>φράτηρ<br />(phrātēr)</td> <td>frāter</td> <td>brōthor</td> <td>bráthir</td> <td>broterėlis</td> <td>брат<br />(brat)</td> <td>Bruder</td> <td>brother</td> <td>兄弟 </td></tr> <tr> <td>daśam</td> <td>δέκα<br />(déka)</td> <td>decem</td> <td>tīen</td> <td>deich</td> <td>dešimitis</td> <td>десять<br />(desyat')</td> <td>zehn</td> <td>ten</td> <td>十 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>表中的这些<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%8D" title="同源词">同源詞</a>相互之间是有关联的。然而在它们当中,除英语是从盎格鲁-撒克逊语派生出来的以外,没有任何一种语言是直接从另一种语言派生出来的。其他语言都可以回溯到一种共同的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E8%AA%9E" title="祖語">祖語</a>。 </p><p>所有这些“亲戚语言”或同源语的源始语(现己消亡)一般称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E" title="原始印歐語">原始印欧语</a>,因为它的派生语既出现在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>附近(梵语、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">伊朗语</a>),也出现在欧洲(希腊语、拉丁语、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼语族">日耳曼语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="凯尔特语族">凯尔特语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="斯拉夫语族">斯拉夫语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="波罗的语族">波罗的语</a>)。据文献考证,这些语言中最古老的是梵语、伊朗语、希腊语和拉丁语,这些文献均可追溯到公元前。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>是从与拉丁语同源的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="盎格魯撒克遜語">盎格鲁撒克逊语</a>中派生出来的。盎格鲁撒克逊语早先从拉丁语中借用过一些词汇。 </p><p>公元7世纪时,又有更多的拉丁词被吸收进来,这主要是由于<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81_(%E5%9D%8E%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF%E9%9B%B7)" class="mw-redirect" title="聖奧古斯丁 (坎特伯雷)">坎特伯雷的圣奥古斯丁</a>(不是那个著名的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">希波的奥古斯丁</a>)著作的影响,他曾受<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="教皇">教皇</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略一世">额我略一世</a>差遣,到<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭">英格蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%95%99" class="mw-disambig" title="傳教">傳教</a>,並使大量的盎格鲁人<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D" title="皈依">皈依</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉一世 (英格兰)">征服者威廉</a>于1066年統治<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭">英格蘭</a>之后,<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="諾曼語">诺曼法语</a>成为上流语言,盎格鲁撒克逊语被看作被征服者和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%A5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="农奴">农奴</a>讲的劣等语言。盎格鲁撒克逊语不再是上层语言,而是成了日常生活中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="土话">土话</a>。 </p><p>然而,又过了大约两个世纪,随着<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="諾曼人">诺曼人</a>的后裔最终与当地<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="英国人">英国人</a>融合,古英语的地位又重新得到上层的肯定,但此时其已经吸收了数百个<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="诺曼语">诺曼语</a>词。 </p><p>到了13、14世纪,随着这种借用的不断增多,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">中古英语</a>慢慢发展出来,其代表人物便是于1400年去世的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E5%8F%9F" title="杰弗里·乔叟">杰弗里·乔叟</a>。除了这些含有拉丁词根的法语词被吸收进来,还有一些词是直接从拉丁语借过来的。 </p><p>到了16、17世纪,<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>重新唤起了人们对于古典作品的兴趣,从而使这一过程得到加强。从那以后,拉丁语一直是许多新词特别是科学语汇的来源。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" align="center"> <caption><b>英语中由拉丁语派生词汇举例</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>英语</th> <th>中文对照</th> <th>拉丁语同源词</th> <th>英语派生词</th> <th>現代漢語翻譯 </th></tr> <tr> <td>mother</td> <td>母亲</td> <td>māter</td> <td>maternal</td> <td>母亲的;母性的 </td></tr> <tr> <td>two</td> <td>二</td> <td>duo</td> <td>dual/duel</td> <td>双的;双倍的;双重的 </td></tr> <tr> <td>tooth</td> <td>牙齿</td> <td>dēns <p>(词干dent-) </p> </td> <td>dental</td> <td>牙齿的;牙科的 </td></tr> <tr> <td>foot</td> <td>脚(单数)</td> <td>pēs <p>(词干ped-) </p> </td> <td>pedal</td> <td>踏板 </td></tr> <tr> <td>heart</td> <td>心脏</td> <td>cor <p>(词干cord-) </p> </td> <td>cordial</td> <td>衷心的;真挚的 </td></tr> <tr> <td>bear</td> <td>负担、生(小孩)</td> <td>ferō</td> <td>fertile</td> <td>肥沃的、多产的 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>既然英语经由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">盎格鲁-撒克逊语</a>而与拉丁语同源而且英语从拉丁语中直接或间接地借用了许多词汇,所以很容易用英语的词汇来说明同源和派生现象。 </p><p>例如,“brother”(兄弟)一词与拉丁词 “frāter”(兄弟)同源,而 “fraternal”(兄弟的)显然是由 “frāter”派生出来的。<sup id="cite_ref-#1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84318674">@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-div{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-div mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 4px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1); text-align: center; font-size: 95%; color: inherit;"> <div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color collapsible-title" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: #ccf; color: var(--color-emphasized,#000); width: 100%; position: relative; ;"><b>拉丁语在语言史中的地位</b><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 3px;"><span class="mw-collapsible-toggle-placeholder"></span></span> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r78925524">.mw-parser-output .chart-content{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:separate}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .chart-content .ahnentafel{min-width:auto!important;width:100%!important}}</style> <table class="chart-container" title=""> <tbody><tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px 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style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px 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rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr align="center"><td class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 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style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px 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height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr align="center"></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr align="center"></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">波斯语</a>等</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E9%9B%85%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="印度-雅利安语支">南亚次大陆的印欧语</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ; background-color: #aaf;">西班牙语</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ; background-color: #aaf;">意大利语</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ; background-color: #aaf;">葡萄牙语</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ; background-color: #aaf">罗马尼亚语</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ; background-color: #aaf;">法语</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="阿尔巴尼亚语">阿尔巴尼亚语</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="亚美尼亚语">亚美尼亚语</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td></tr><tr align="center"></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Regions_Latium_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Italy_Regions_Latium_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="257" /></a><figcaption>拉提姆即意大利拉齐奥区</figcaption></figure> <p>拉丁語原本是<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="意大利半島">亚平宁半岛</a>中西部、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E4%BC%AF%E6%B2%B3" title="台伯河">台伯河</a>下游<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%BD%90%E5%A5%A5_(%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="拉齐奥 (古代罗马)">拉提姆</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">Latium</span>),一个称为拉丁人的部落的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>。 </p><p>公元前8世纪,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="罗马">罗马</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">Rōma</span>)成为拉提姆地区的中心,于是周围各部落也自称罗马人(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">Romānus, 复数:Romānī</span>)。罗马建国后,经历了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%8E%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马王政时代">王政时期</a>(公元前7世纪 - 前510年)、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国">共和时期</a>(公元前510年 - 前27年)和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">帝国时期</a>(公元前27年~公元476年)。随着国家版图的扩大,<a class="mw-selflink selflink">拉丁语</a>不仅在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%81%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="亚平宁半岛">亚平宁半岛</a>取得统治地位,淘汰了其他亲属语言,而且作为官方语言推广到罗马帝国的各个行省——西起<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊比利亚半岛">伊比利亚半岛</a>,东抵<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>之滨,北自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="布列塔尼半岛">布列塔尼半岛</a>,南达<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>沿岸。 </p><p>拉丁语的历史发展可大致分为以下几个时期: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="史前拉丁語"><span id=".E5.8F.B2.E5.89.8D.E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E8.AA.9E"></span>史前拉丁語</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:史前拉丁語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> 史前拉丁語(英語:<span lang="en"> Pre-literary Latin</span>)(公元前250年以前),最古文献是公元前6世纪的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="普雷内斯太金饰针" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Praeneste fibula"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%AA%E9%87%91%E9%A5%B0%E9%92%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普雷内斯太金饰针(页面不存在)">普雷内斯太金饰针</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praeneste_fibula" class="extiw" title="en:Praeneste fibula"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Praeneste fibula</span></a></span>)</span></span>上的4词铭文:</p><blockquote><p>MANIOS MED FHEFHAKED NUMASIOI</p></blockquote><p>相当于古典拉丁语的「Manius me fecit Numerio」,意味「此饰针乃马尼乌斯为努梅利乌所製」。<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古体拉丁语"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BD.93.E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E8.AF.AD"></span>古体拉丁语</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:古体拉丁语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>古体拉丁语(英語:<span lang="en"> Archaic Latin</span>)(公元前250年 - 前90年),罗马自公元前4世纪开始向外扩张,至公元前1世纪已使整个意大利拉丁化。不过,在此期间拉丁语尚没有统一的规范。公元前3~2世纪,古拉丁语的代表人物包括詩人<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="恩纽斯">恩紐斯</a>以及深受<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a>影响的喜剧作家<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%8A%B3%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF" title="普劳图斯">普劳图斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E4%BC%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="泰伦提乌斯">泰伦提乌斯</a>。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="恩纽斯">恩紐斯</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la"> Quintus Ennius</span>)(前239年 - 大約前169年)。著有史詩《編年史》,被譽為羅馬詩歌之父。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%8A%B3%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF" title="普劳图斯">普劳图斯</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la"> Titus Maccius Plautus</span>)(大约前254年 - 前184年)。著有《商人》、《凶宅》等21种诗体喜剧,是现存最早的拉丁语文学作品。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E4%BC%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="泰伦提乌斯">泰伦提乌斯</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la"> Publius Terentius Afer</span>)(前185年 - 前161年)。著有《婆母》、《两兄弟》、《安德罗斯女子》等多部诗剧传世。<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古典拉丁语"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E5.85.B8.E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E8.AF.AD"></span>古典拉丁语</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:古典拉丁语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GiorcesBardo42.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/GiorcesBardo42.jpg/275px-GiorcesBardo42.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/GiorcesBardo42.jpg/413px-GiorcesBardo42.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/GiorcesBardo42.jpg/550px-GiorcesBardo42.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption>一幅公元3世纪时的镶嵌画。画中维吉尔坐在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E4%BF%84" title="克利俄">克利俄</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%A2%E5%A2%A8%E6%B6%85" title="墨爾波墨涅">墨尔波墨涅</a>之间。来自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%A2%E5%AF%86%E5%A1%94%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈德卢密塔姆(页面不存在)">哈德卢密塔姆</a>(今<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="突尼斯">突尼斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%A1%9E" title="苏塞">苏塞</a>)。维吉尔被誉为古罗马最伟大诗人,他的《埃涅阿斯记》长达十二册,是代表着罗马帝国的巨著。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>羅馬帝國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8B%E5%A4%A7%E7%BB%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="屋大维">奧古斯都</a>皇帝時期使用的書面語稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="古典拉丁語">古典拉丁語</a>」(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">latina classica</span>)(英語:<span lang="en"> Classical Latin</span>)(前80年 ~ 公元2世纪,即共和晚期至帝国初期)大致相当于拉丁语文学史上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="黄金时代">黄金时代</a>(前90年~公元14年,即<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8B%E5%A4%A7%E7%BB%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="屋大维">屋大维</a>逝世時)和<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%93%B6%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="白银时代">白银时代</a>(14年~117年,即<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E6%8B%89%E7%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="图拉真">图拉真</a>逝世時;或者 180年,即<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8B%92%E7%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="奥勒留">奥勒留</a>逝世時)。到<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="黄金时代">黄金时代</a>,拉丁语已经形成有统一规范的标准语,词汇丰富,句法完善,表现力强。<br /> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="黄金时代">黄金时代</a>拉丁语的主要代表作者有: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A1%9E%E7%BD%97" title="西塞罗">西塞罗</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">Marcus Tullius Cicerō</span>)(前106年 - 前43年),曾任执政官,作家,演说家。著有《论演说家》、《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BA%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="论共和国">论共和国</a>》、《反腓力辞》(14篇演说)、长诗《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A7%E6%94%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="我的执政(页面不存在)">我的执政</a>》和《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="我的时代(页面不存在)">我的时代</a>》,另遗下书信900多封。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E6%92%92" class="mw-redirect" title="凯撒">凯撒</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la"> Gaius Julius Caesar</span>)(前102年或100年 - 前44年),曾任执政官、军事家、演说家,散文作家。著有《<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7%E6%88%B0%E8%A8%98" title="高盧戰記">高卢战记</a>》(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la"> Bellum Gallicum</span>)等,其著作和演说皆有文学价值。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%B6%85%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="康涅利乌斯·尼波斯">尼波斯</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la"> Cornelius Nepōs</span>)(前99年 - 前24年),史学家,傳記文學家。著有《名人传》、《年代学》、《轶事集》等。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E4%BF%AE" title="卢克莱修">卢克莱修</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la"> Titus Lūcrētius Carus</span>,前96年 - 前55年),著有长诗《物性论》(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la"> Dē Rērum Nātūrā</span>)和许多哲学论文。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="萨卢斯特">萨卢斯特</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la"> Gaius Sallustius Crispus</span>,前86年 - 前35年或34年),政治家,历史学家。著有《喀提林战争》、《朱古达战争》、《历史》(仅存残篇)。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF" title="卡图卢斯">卡图卢斯</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la"> Gaius Valerius Catullus</span>,大约前84年 - 大约前54年),抒情诗人。作品於2-13世纪失传,手稿在13世纪为人发现,流传下来的有116首诗。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="维吉尔">维吉尔</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la"> Publius Vergilius Maro</span>,前70年 - 前19年),诗人。著有民族史诗《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%B6%85%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%BA%AA" title="埃涅阿斯纪">埃涅阿斯记</a>》(12卷)和牧歌多首。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BA%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="贺拉斯">贺拉斯</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la"> Quintus Horātius Flaccus</span>)(前70年 - 前19年),诗人。著有《讽刺诗集》、《长短句集》、《歌集》(4卷)、《书札》(多卷,其中第3卷通称《诗艺》)。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E7%BB%B4" title="蒂托·李维">李维</a>(Titus Livius)(前59年 - 公元17年),历史学家。著有《罗马史》(142卷)。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%B6%AD%E5%BE%B7" title="奧維德">奥维德</a>(Publius Ovidius Naso)(前43年 - 公元17年),诗人。著有《爱情诗》(5卷)、《变形记》(15卷)、《岁时记》(12卷)等。</li></ul> <p>这些代表人物反映的古典拉丁语,成为后世欧洲学校的必修科目和学术界研究的主要对象。<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaius_Cornelius_Tacitus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gaius_Cornelius_Tacitus.jpg/200px-Gaius_Cornelius_Tacitus.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gaius_Cornelius_Tacitus.jpg/300px-Gaius_Cornelius_Tacitus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gaius_Cornelius_Tacitus.jpg/400px-Gaius_Cornelius_Tacitus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>塔西佗,曾任罗马执政官,著名历史学家</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古典后拉丁语"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E5.85.B8.E5.90.8E.E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E8.AF.AD"></span>古典后拉丁语</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:古典后拉丁语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>古典后拉丁语(14年-200年)包括文学史上的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%93%B6%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="白银时代">白银时代</a>(14年-117年或118年)是早期罗马帝国的语言。它基本上仍遵循<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="黄金时代">黄金时代</a>的语法规范,但句法结构有所革新,散文中吸收了某些诗歌成分,修辞手法更加丰富。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%93%B6%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="白银时代">白银时代</a>拉丁语的代表作者有: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%A7%E5%8D%A1" title="塞內卡">塞内卡</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">Lucius Annaeus Seneca</span>,约前4年 - 公元65年)哲学家,雄辩家,悲剧作家。著有哲学论文《安慰》、《道德论》等,悲剧《特洛伊妇人》、《奥狄浦斯》以及政治讽刺文章。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E6%8F%90%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89" title="昆提利安">昆提良</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">Marcus Fabius Quīntiliānus</span>,35年 - 95年)修辞学家,教育家。有巨著《雄辩家的培训》以及《长篇雄辩术》、《短篇雄辩术》。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%94" title="马提亚尔">马提亚尔</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">Marcus Valerius Mārtiālis</span>,38年或41年 - 104年)铭辞作家。写了1500多首铭辞,从多方面反映了当时的社会情况。许多诗句后来成为警句。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E8%A5%BF%E4%BD%97" title="塔西佗">塔吉突士</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">Publius Cornelius Tacitus</span>,名亦可能為Gaius,约55年 - 117年)历史学家,曾任执政官。著有《日耳曼尼亚》、《历史》(12卷)、《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="编年史">编年史</a>》(18卷,今仍存若干残篇)。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="尤维纳利斯">尤维纳利斯</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">Decimus Iunius Iuvenālis</span>,55年或60年 - 约127年)诗人。著有《讽刺诗》。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC" title="老普林尼">老普林尼</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">Gaius Plīnius Secundus</span>,23年 - 79年)科学家,散文作家。曾写过7部作品,但现存的仅有《博物志》(37卷)。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC" title="小普林尼">小普林尼</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">Gaius Plīnius Caecilius Secundus</span>,61年或62年 - 113年)老普林尼的养子,曾任执政官,遗有9卷信札选集,反映罗马全盛时期的状况,具有社会价值。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%99%AE%E5%88%97%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF" title="阿普列尤斯">阿普列尤斯</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">Lucius Apuleius</span>,约124年 - 170年以后)哲学家,散文作家。因小说《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%A9%B4%E8%AE%B0" title="金驴记">金驢記</a>》(自称《变形记》)成名,另著有《佛罗里达》此外,写过数卷论述<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE" title="柏拉图">柏拉图</a>的哲学著作(多已遗失)。<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="晚期拉丁语"><span id=".E6.99.9A.E6.9C.9F.E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E8.AF.AD"></span>晚期拉丁语</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:晚期拉丁语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simone_Martini_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Simone_Martini_003.jpg/129px-Simone_Martini_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Simone_Martini_003.jpg/193px-Simone_Martini_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Simone_Martini_003.jpg/257px-Simone_Martini_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2779" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">希波的奥古斯丁</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="晚期拉丁语">晚期拉丁语</a>(公元3世紀至6世紀,即羅馬帝國後期至西羅馬帝國覆沒之後一百年這段時期),2-6世紀民眾所使用的口語則稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="通俗拉丁语">通俗拉丁语</a>」(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">sermo vulgaris</span>)。主要代表人物是一些基督教神职人员。这些人都受过良好教育,由于传教的需要,比较了解人民大众的口语,从而对<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="通俗拉丁语">通俗拉丁语</a>采取开明的态度。 </p><p>早期的重要人物有: </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%9C%9F%E8%89%AF" title="特土良">特尔图良</a>(Tertullianus,160年~220年以后)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E6%99%AE%E8%89%AF" title="居普良">西普里安</a>(Cyprianus,St.,200年? - 258年)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%9D%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="拉克坦提乌斯">拉克坦提乌斯</a>(Lactantius,240年 - 326年)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E4%BF%AE" title="安波羅修">安布罗斯</a>(Ambrosius,St.,339年? - 397年)等 </p><p>影响最大的人物是: </p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E6%9F%94%E7%B1%B3" title="耶柔米">哲罗姆</a>(Jerome,St.,347年 - 419年或420年)学识渊博,在383年~405年期间,将<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来文</a>文本《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="旧约圣经">旧约</a>》和希腊文本《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="新约">新约</a>》译成接近大众口语的拉丁语。他宣称:“为使读者容易理解,我特地采用普通人所说的口语。”这个译本后世习称Vulgate,即<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%91%E6%9C%AC" title="武加大译本">通俗拉丁文译本</a>,对<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>影响很大。</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg/190px-Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg/285px-Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg/380px-Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1011" /></a><figcaption>从这部成书于1407年以<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="教会拉丁语">教会拉丁语</a>写成的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">圣经</a>可以看出,这个古罗马的语言对后世文化(主要指欧洲文化)产生了深远的影响</figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="圣奥古斯丁">圣奥古斯丁</a>(Augustine,St.,354年 - 430年)著有《忏悔录》、《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E4%B9%8B%E5%9F%8E" title="上帝之城">论上帝之城</a>》等,语言接近大众口语(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>:<span lang="la">ad ūsum vulgī</span>)。他声称,只要蛮人是基督徒,即使他们把罗马征服,也无关紧要。<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="衰落"><span id=".E8.A1.B0.E8.90.BD"></span>衰落</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:衰落"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>罗马帝国衰落时期的拉丁语发生了变化。6至8世纪的通俗拉丁语变化迅速。变格词尾大部分消失,介词和助动词使用得日益广泛,虚拟式常与陈述式混用。结果古典拉丁语渐渐与通俗拉丁语脱节,终于变成一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="書面語">書面語</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而中世纪时,通俗拉丁语的地域变体(方言)则在此后数百年中逐渐分化,又衍生出了若干独立的「<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼诸语</a>」。其中包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E9%83%A8%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東部羅曼語(页面不存在)">東部羅曼語</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞語">羅馬尼亞語</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="达尔马提亚语">达尔马提亚语</a>(1898年已灭亡);<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="薩丁尼亞語">薩丁語</a>;<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="意大利语">意大利語</a>;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西部羅曼語(页面不存在)">西部羅曼語</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E4%BB%80%E8%AF%AD" title="罗曼什语">罗曼什语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="加泰罗尼亚语">加泰罗尼亚语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="奥克语">奥克语</a>(包括有名的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="奥克语">普罗旺斯方言</a>),<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="葡萄牙語">葡萄牙語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="加里西亞語">加里西亚语</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉贡语">阿拉贡语</a>。十六世紀後<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>勢力擴張到整個<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中美洲">中美洲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美洲</a>,因此中南美洲又稱「<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲">拉丁美洲</a>」。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>拉丁語向罗曼语族諸語言演化的過程中,失去了很多单词的语法变化词尾。特别是名词的变格词尾,在很多<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">羅曼語</a>中已经完全丧失(一些代词除外)。但名词变格在罗马尼亚语中仍然有所保留。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84318674"><div class="hidden-div mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 4px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1); text-align: center; font-size: 95%; color: inherit;"> <div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color collapsible-title" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: #ccf; color: var(--color-emphasized,#000); width: 100%; position: relative; ;">罗曼语的发展<span style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 3px;"><span class="mw-collapsible-toggle-placeholder"></span></span> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r78925524"> <table class="chart-container" title=""> <tbody><tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ;">拉丁语</td></tr><tr align="center"></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px 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.legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> 法語</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> 西班牙語</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> 意大利語</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> 葡萄牙語</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> 羅馬尼亞語</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:purple; color:white;"> </span> 加泰羅尼亞語</div></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_logo_of_the_European_Council_and_Council_of_the_European_Union_(2009).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Former_logo_of_the_European_Council_and_Council_of_the_European_Union_%282009%29.svg/300px-Former_logo_of_the_European_Council_and_Council_of_the_European_Union_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Former_logo_of_the_European_Council_and_Council_of_the_European_Union_%282009%29.svg/450px-Former_logo_of_the_European_Council_and_Council_of_the_European_Union_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Former_logo_of_the_European_Council_and_Council_of_the_European_Union_%282009%29.svg/600px-Former_logo_of_the_European_Council_and_Council_of_the_European_Union_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="224" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲聯盟">歐洲聯盟</a>為了在語言方面達成妥協並顯示各國共同的文化繼承,選擇拉丁語作為其部分機構標識所使用的語言。 (圖中為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="歐盟理事會">歐盟理事會</a>的標識:Consilium)</figcaption></figure> <p>雖然拉丁語作為口語消亡了,但它作為歐洲社會的書面共同語仍繼續使用了1000年左右。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>興起後,拉丁語的影響力進一步加深。從<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>至20世紀初葉,拉丁語不僅是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>的禮儀語言和公用語,亦是學術著作、學術論文乃至文學作品的寫作語言。許多世界著名學者都曾經用拉丁語著述,如:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%93%A5%E7%99%BD%E5%B0%BC" title="尼古拉·哥白尼">哥白尼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" title="勒内·笛卡尔">笛卡爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9F%B9%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="弗兰西斯·培根">培根</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF" title="艾萨克·牛顿">牛頓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%A8" title="戈特弗里德·莱布尼茨">萊布尼茨</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF" title="卡爾·弗里德里希·高斯">高斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%AD%AF%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%93%E8%AB%BE%E8%8E%8E" title="巴魯赫·斯賓諾莎">斯賓諾莎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="歐拉">歐拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" class="mw-redirect" title="林奈">林奈</a>等。 <sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>此外,拉丁語作為外交語言使用到18世紀,而<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="醫學">醫學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物學">生物學</a>等領域裡一些學術的詞彙或文章,例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" title="生物分類法">生物分類法</a>的命名規則至今仍然得以廣泛使用。 </p><p>拉丁語在一定程度上也曾直接或間接地對<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>造成影響。由於英語中有50%到80%的單字來自拉丁語(越是學術性的文獻,其拉丁語成分越高),許多拉丁語詞透過英語進入漢語。如漢語「卡」(英語:card)來自拉丁語的charta(最早來自希臘語)。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" title="公共汽車">公共汽車</a>的音譯「巴士」(英語:bus)這個稱呼來自19世紀的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>,當時法國人稱公車為omnibus(即拉丁語:「給一切人的」、「公用的」 ),這個詞至今亦仍存在於羅曼語族語言中,如西班牙文的公共汽車可用ómnibus表示。<mark class="noprint template-facttext" title="可能为原创研究">此外,一些<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="現代漢語">現代漢語</a>中的說法雖然沒有明顯的「外國味」,但實際上也和拉丁語有關係。比如「熱愛」一詞來自英文的ardently love,而該英文詞源自拉丁語的ardenter amare。這種說法在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古代漢語">古代漢語</a>中是找不到的。 </mark><sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究"><span title="原创研究验证请求"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[原創研究?]</span></span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span title="警告!这个参考文献需要页码">页码请求</span></a>]</sup> </p><p>現在只有<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="梵蒂岡">梵蒂岡</a>仍在使用拉丁語。拉丁語和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="西歐">西歐</a>文化史上影響最大的兩種語言。所以歐洲語言中都有大量拉丁語藉詞和利用拉丁語詞(語)素創造而後廣為通用的所謂<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%A9%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際詞(页面不存在)">國際詞</a>。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" align="center"> <caption><b>拉丁語和其他衍生語言的相似之處<sup id="cite_ref-#2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>拉丁語</th> <th>意大利語</th> <th>法語</th> <th>西班牙語</th> <th>羅馬尼亞語</th> <th>葡萄牙語</th> <th>中文對照 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">amīcus</span></td> <td><span lang="it">amico</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">ami</span></td> <td><span lang="es">amigo</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">amic</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">amigo</span></td> <td>朋友 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">oculus</span></td> <td><span lang="it">occhio</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">œil</span></td> <td><span lang="es">ojo</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">ochi</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">olho</span></td> <td>眼睛 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">manus</span></td> <td><span lang="it">mano</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">main</span></td> <td><span lang="es">mano</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">mână</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">mão</span></td> <td>手 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">pēs</span></td> <td><span lang="it">piede</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">pied</span></td> <td><span lang="es">pie</span></td> <td>picior</td> <td><span lang="ro">pé</span></td> <td>腳 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">tempus</span></td> <td><span lang="it">tempo</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">temps</span></td> <td><span lang="es">tiempo</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">timp</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">tempo</span></td> <td>時間 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">liber</span></td> <td><span lang="it">libro</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">livre</span></td> <td><span lang="es">libro</span></td> <td>liber</td> <td><span lang="es">livro</span></td> <td>書 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">magister</span></td> <td><span lang="it">maestro</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">maître</span></td> <td><span lang="es">maestro</span></td> <td>măiestru</td> <td>mestre</td> <td>教師 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">filius</span></td> <td><span lang="it">figlio</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">fils</span></td> <td><span lang="es">hijo</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">fiul</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">filho</span></td> <td>兒子 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">populus</span></td> <td><span lang="it">popolo</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">peuple</span></td> <td><span lang="es">pueblo</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">popor</span></td> <td><span lang="es">pessoa</span></td> <td>人民,人們 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">numerus</span></td> <td><span lang="it">numero</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">numéro</span></td> <td><span lang="es">número</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">Numărul</span></td> <td><span lang="es">número</span></td> <td>數目 </td></tr> <tr> <td>paucus</td> <td><span lang="it">poco</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">peu</span></td> <td><span lang="es">poco</span></td> <td>puțin(存疑)</td> <td><span lang="es">pouco</span></td> <td>少 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">bonus</span></td> <td><span lang="it">buono</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">bon</span></td> <td><span lang="es">bueno</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">bun</span></td> <td><span lang="es">bom</span></td> <td>好的 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">bene</span></td> <td><span lang="it">bene</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">bien</span></td> <td><span lang="es">bien</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">bine</span></td> <td><span lang="es">bem</span></td> <td>好(副) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">habēre</span></td> <td><span lang="it">avere</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">avoir</span></td> <td><span lang="es">haber</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">avea</span></td> <td><span lang="es">haver</span></td> <td>有 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">faciō</span></td> <td><span lang="it">fare</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">faire</span></td> <td><span lang="es">hacer</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">face</span></td> <td><span lang="es">fazer</span></td> <td>做 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">dīcō</span></td> <td><span lang="it">dire</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">dire</span></td> <td><span lang="es">decir</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">dicta</span></td> <td><span lang="es">dizer</span></td> <td>說 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">legō</span></td> <td><span lang="it">leggere</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">lire</span></td> <td><span lang="es">leer</span></td> <td>lectură</td> <td><span lang="es">ler</span></td> <td>讀 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">dē</span></td> <td><span lang="it">di</span></td> <td><span lang="fr">de</span></td> <td><span lang="es">de</span></td> <td><span lang="ro">de</span></td> <td><span lang="es">de</span></td> <td>(介詞)的;表从属关系 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="字母和发音"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E5.92.8C.E5.8F.91.E9.9F.B3"></span>字母和发音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:字母和发音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="字母"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span>字母</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁语字母">拉丁语字母</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2" title="拉丁字母發展史">拉丁字母发展史</a></div> <p>现在所使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">罗马字母</a>已经有数千年的历史。它们可以追溯到公元9世纪<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94" title="图尔">图尔</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E7%88%BE%E7%9A%84%E8%81%96%E7%91%AA%E7%88%BE%E5%AE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="都爾的聖瑪爾定">圣马丁修道院</a>修士们的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E6%89%8B%E4%B9%A6%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加洛林手书体(页面不存在)">加洛林手书体</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="卡洛林文艺复兴">加洛林文艺复兴</a>使之得以完善,並藉由11、12世纪的手稿以及15世纪最古老的意大利印本流传下来。这些修士根据<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E5%AE%89%E8%89%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="半安色尔字体(页面不存在)">半安色尔字体</a>发展出了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AF%AB%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="小寫字母">小写字母</a>,而半安色尔字体又源於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国">罗马帝国</a>时期的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%89%B2%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="安色爾字體">安色尔字体</a>和方块<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%86%99%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大写字(页面不存在)">大写字</a>。现今,人们习惯於将罗马字母与<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希腊字母">希腊字母</a>区分开来,但事实上,罗马人从<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%8E%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="伊特拉斯坎文明">伊特鲁里亚人</a>那里学会了书写,而伊特鲁里亚人又是从公元前8世纪定居於<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="那不勒斯">那不勒斯</a>附近的希腊移民那里学会了书写。因此,罗马字母实际上只是希腊字母的一种形式。但在这方面,希腊字母是从<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="闪米特人">闪米特人</a>的一支即<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA" title="腓尼基">腓尼基人</a>那里得到的。而再往前追溯,早期<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="闪米特人">闪米特人</a>似乎又受到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%B9%A6%E4%BD%93" title="圣书体">埃及象形文字</a>的启发。 </p><p>罗马字母是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="英文字母">英文字母</a>的源頭,只是其中缺少字母j(long-I)和W(double-U),而且字母v最初既相当於<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音">元音</a>u,也相当於<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">辅音</a>w。虽然直到公元2世纪,圆底的u的形式才出现,但是为了方便,现在的版本大多v和u并用。字母k(發音同於c)比较罕用,仅在少数几个词中出现於a之前。到了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国">罗马共和国</a>晚期,字母y和z开始被用於拼写源於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a>的词。 </p><p>拉丁语的字母如下: </p> <table class="wikitable IPA" style="text-align:center" align="center"> <caption><b>古典拉丁语字母表</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left">字母 </th> <th style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> </th> <th style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a> </th> <th style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a> </th> <th style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a> </th> <th style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> </th> <th style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a> </th> <th style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a> </th> <th style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">名称 </th> <td>ā</td> <td>bē</td> <td>cē</td> <td>dē</td> <td>ē</td> <td>ef</td> <td>gē</td> <td>hā </td></tr> <tr class="IPA"> <th style="text-align:left">发音(<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:國際音標">IPA</a>) </th> <td>/aː/</td> <td>/beː/</td> <td>/keː/</td> <td>/deː/</td> <td>/eː/</td> <td>/ef/</td> <td>/geː/</td> <td>/haː/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:3px;line-height:1">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">字母 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">名称 </th> <td>ī</td> <td>kā</td> <td>el</td> <td>em</td> <td>en</td> <td>ō</td> <td>pē</td> <td>qū </td></tr> <tr class="IPA"> <th style="text-align:left">发音(<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:國際音標">IPA</a>) </th> <td>/iː/</td> <td>/kaː/</td> <td>/el/</td> <td>/em/</td> <td>/en/</td> <td>/oː/</td> <td>/peː/</td> <td>/kʷuː/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size:3px;line-height:1">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">字母 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a></th> <th rowspan="3">  </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">名称 </th> <td>er</td> <td>es</td> <td>tē</td> <td>ū</td> <td>ex</td> <td>y Graeca </td> <td>zēta </td></tr> <tr class="IPA"> <th style="text-align:left">发音(<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:國際音標">IPA</a>) </th> <td>/er/</td> <td>/es/</td> <td>/teː/</td> <td>/uː/</td> <td>/eks/</td> <td>/yːgreka/</td> <td>/ˈzeːta/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>拉丁语并不使用<span lang="en">W</span>。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>之前,拉丁语以<span lang="la">I</span>代替<span lang="la">J</span>,<span lang="la">V</span>代替<span lang="la">U</span>,亦未有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AF%AB%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="小寫字母">小写字母</a>。 </p><p>例如当<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a>被钉死在十字架时,用来形容他的拉丁语“拿撒勒之耶稣——<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>之王”,现在一般都写为“<span lang="la">Jesus Nazarēnus Rēx Judaeōrum</span>”;但其实原文是“<span lang="la">IESVS NAZARENVS REX IVDAEORVM</span>”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="发音"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E9.9F.B3"></span>发音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:发音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%91%E9%9F%B3" title="拉丁语发音">拉丁语发音</a></div> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">  </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">唇音</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%9F%B3" title="齿音">齿音</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9A%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="颚音">颚音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E6%A0%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="舌根音">软颚音</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E9%9F%B3" title="聲門音">喉音</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:x-small;"> <th>普通 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="唇音化">唇音</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="text-align:left;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a> </th> <th style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left;">濁音 </th> <td>b </td> <td>d </td> <td> </td> <td>ɡ </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left;">清音 </th> <td>p </td> <td>t </td> <td>  </td> <td>k </td> <td>kʷ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left;">送气 </th> <td>pʰ </td> <td>tʰ </td> <td>  </td> <td>kʰ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="擦音">擦音</a> </th> <th style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left;">濁音 </th> <td>  </td> <td>z </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left;">清音 </th> <td>f </td> <td>s </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>h </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a> </th> <td>m </td> <td>n </td> <td>  </td> <td>ŋ </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A4%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6)" title="颤音 (语音学)">颤音</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>r </td> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="近音">近音</a> </th> <td>  </td> <td>l </td> <td>j </td> <td> </td> <td>w </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>发音拉丁语中元音的发音有长和短两种。<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%95%B7%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="元音長度">长元音</a>的持续时间一般是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%95%B7%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="元音長度">短元音</a>的两倍 (就像音乐中的二分音符之於四分音符),许多教科书书中以长音符号标出(比如ā);没有长音符号的元音就是短元音。长音符号所指示的发音区别往往对於含义极为关键(例如,Liber是名词,意为“书”,而Līber则是形容词,意为“自由的”)。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" align="center"> <caption><b>长元音、短元音及双元音</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>长元音字母</th> <th>國際音標</th> <th>短元音字母</th> <th>國際音標</th> <th>双元音字母</th> <th>國際音標 </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b>Ā</b> </td> <td>/aː/ </td> <td><b>A</b> </td> <td>/a/ </td> <td><b>AE</b> 或 <b>Æ</b> </td> <td>/ai/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ē</b></td> <td>/eː/ </td> <td><b>E</b></td> <td>/e/ </td> <td><b>AU</b></td> <td>/au/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ī</b></td> <td>/iː/ </td> <td><b>I</b></td> <td>/i/ </td> <td><b>EI</b></td> <td>/ei/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ō</b></td> <td>/oː/ </td> <td><b>O</b></td> <td>/o/ </td> <td><b>EU</b></td> <td>/eu/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ū</b></td> <td>/uː/ </td> <td><b>U</b></td> <td>/u/ </td> <td><b>OE</b> 或 <b>Œ</b></td> <td>/oe/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>Y</b> </td> <td colspan="2">古典拉丁語:/y/ 或 /yː/<br />教會拉丁語:/i/ </td> <td><b>UI</b> </td> <td>/ui/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>拉丁语辅音</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>辅音字母 </th> <th>國際音標 </th> <th>發音方式 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>B</b> </td> <td>/b/ </td> <td>濁雙唇爆破音;在s、t前面清化。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>C</b> </td> <td>古典拉丁語:/k/<br />教會拉丁語:/k/ 或 /t͡ʃ/ </td> <td>古典拉丁語:清軟顎不送氣爆破音,即使在E或I前面也不會軟化為/t͡ʃ/。<br />教會拉丁語:清軟顎不送氣爆破音,但在E或I前面會軟化為清顎齦塞擦音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>CH</b> </td> <td>/kʰ/ </td> <td>清軟顎送氣爆破音。多用於轉寫希臘語借詞,對應字母「Χ」。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>D</b> </td> <td>/d/ </td> <td>濁齒齦不送氣爆破音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>F</b> </td> <td>/f/ </td> <td>清唇齒摩擦音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>G</b> </td> <td>古典拉丁語:/g/<br />教會拉丁語:/g/ 或 /d͡ʒ/ </td> <td>古典拉丁語:濁軟顎不送氣爆破音,即使在E或I前面也不會軟化為濁顎齦塞擦音。<br />教會拉丁語:濁軟顎不送氣爆破音,但在E或I前面會軟化為濁顎齦塞擦音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>H</b> </td> <td>古典拉丁語:/h/<br />教會拉丁語:不發音 </td> <td>古典拉丁語:清聲門摩擦音。<br />教會拉丁語:不發音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>I</b> </td> <td>/j/ </td> <td>硬顎近音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>K</b> </td> <td>/k/ </td> <td>清軟顎不送氣爆破音。常見於希臘語借詞或早期拉丁語,轉寫希臘語借詞時對應字母「Κ」。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>L</b> </td> <td>/l/ </td> <td>齒齦邊近音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>M</b> </td> <td>/m/ </td> <td>雙唇閉口鼻音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>N</b> </td> <td>/n/ </td> <td>齒齦鼻音 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>P</b> </td> <td>/p/ </td> <td>清雙唇不送氣爆破音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>PH</b> </td> <td>/pʰ/ </td> <td>清雙唇送氣爆破音。多用於轉寫希臘語借詞,對應字母「Φ」。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>QU</b> </td> <td>/kw/或/kʷ/ </td> <td>清軟顎爆破音後接濁圓唇軟顎近音,或唇音化的清軟顎塞音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>R</b> </td> <td>/r/ 或 /ɾ/ </td> <td>齒齦顫音或齒齦閃音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>S</b> </td> <td>/s/ </td> <td>古典拉丁語:所有情況下發清齒齦擦音。<br />教會拉丁語:一般情況下發清音,但在兩個元音字母之間會濁化。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>T</b> </td> <td>/t/ </td> <td>清齒齦不送氣爆破音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>TH</b> </td> <td>/tʰ/ </td> <td>清齒齦送氣爆破音。多用於轉寫希臘語借詞,對應字母「Θ」。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>V</b> </td> <td>古典拉丁語:/u/ 或 /w/<br />教會拉丁語:/v/ </td> <td>古典拉丁語:閉後圓唇元音或濁圓唇軟顎近音。<br />教會拉丁語:濁唇齒摩擦音。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>X</b> </td> <td>/ks/ </td> <td>濁軟顎不送氣爆破音後接清齒齦擦音。有時用於轉寫希臘語借詞,對應字母「Ξ」。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Z</b> </td> <td>/z/ </td> <td>濁齒齦擦音。多用於轉寫希臘語借詞,對應字母「Ζ」。 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语法"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95"></span>语法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:语法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" title="拉丁语语法">拉丁语语法</a></div> <p>拉丁语是个<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="综合语">综合语</a>,复杂的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96" title="屈折变化">词形变化</a>体系构成了拉丁语语法的主要部分。这些变化通常使用在词尾添加后缀构成(外部屈折)或者变化词干的辅音或元音(内部屈折)。对于名词、形容词和代词,这种变化叫做“<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E6%A0%BC" title="变格">变格</a>”(<span lang="la">declinatio</span>),对于动词,叫做“<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E4%BD%8D" title="变位">变位</a>”(<span lang="la">conjugatio</span>)。初學者一開始就得熟記相當數量的規則,常常招致挫折。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>詩人<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E6%B6%85" title="海因里希·海涅">海涅</a>曾因不能熟記,感歎「要是羅馬人得先學好拉丁語,他們大概沒剩多少時間征服世界」。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="名詞"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E8.A9.9E"></span>名詞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:名詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般每个名词都有六个<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="格 (语法)">格</a>的区别;更多的可以有七个,少的可能只有两个。名词的七个格是: </p> <ul><li>“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%A0%BC" title="主格">主格</a>”([casus] nominativus; 英語:<span lang="en">nominative case</span>)在通常情况下,罗马人用主格来指示一个限定动词的主语。</li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E6%A0%BC" title="宾格">宾格</a>”([casus] accusativus; 英語:<span lang="en">accusative case</span>)罗马人用宾格来表示动词动作的直接宾语,即受到动词动作直接影响的人或事物。它也可以用作某些介词(例如<b>ad</b>,to;<b>in</b>,into;<b>post</b>,after, behind)的宾语。</li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8E%E6%A0%BC" title="与格">与格</a>”([casus] dativus; 英語:<span lang="en">dative case</span>)罗马人用与格来表示间接受到动词动作影响的人或事物,类似於英语中的“(to)sb.”,即间接宾语,这是与格最常见的用法。在大多数情况下,与格的含义可以透过把to或for与名词连用来确定。</li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%AA%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="奪格">夺格</a>”([casus] ablativus; 英語:<span lang="en">ablative case</span>)夺格有时又称离格或状语(adverbial)格,罗马人在用下述观念修饰或限制动词时会使用夺格:手段(或工具)、施事者、伴随、方式、地点、时间。罗马人有时把夺格与介词连用,有时不连用。翻译这个复杂的格没有什么简单规则可循。不过,如果有拉丁语介词(<b>ab</b>,by,from;<b>cum</b>,with;<b>dē</b>和<b>ex</b>,from;<b>in</b>,in,on)出现,问题就不大。一般而言,总可以把夺格与by,with,from,in,on,at等英语介词联系起来。</li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E6%A0%BC" title="属格">属格</a>”([casus] genetivus, [casus] genitivus; 英語:<span lang="en">genitive case</span>)当用一个名词来修饰另一个名词时,罗马人把修饰名词写成属格形式,类似於英语中的“'s”。属格通常表示属有关系,虽然除此之外还有其他一些用法,但属格的意思一般都可以用英语中的介词of来翻译。属格的拉丁语名词通常位於它所修饰的名词之后。</li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E6%A0%BC" title="方位格">方位格</a>”([casus] locativus)(用於一些特定的词来表示方位)<sup id="cite_ref-#1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E6%A0%BC" title="呼格">呼格</a>”([casus] vocativus; 英語:<span lang="en">vocative case</span>)罗马人用呼格(有时与感叹词<b>Ō</b>连用)来直接呼唤(<b>vocāre</b>,to call)某人或某物。例如,(<b>Ō</b>)<b>Caesar</b>,(O)Caesar;<b>Ō fortūna</b>,O fortune。在现代的标点符号中,呼语(或直接称呼的名词)用逗号与句中其余部分隔开。在以<b>-us</b>结尾的第二变格法名词和形容词的单数情况下,呼格的拼写才与主格不同,所以通常不列入词形变化表。</li></ul><p> 因为<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="格變化">格变化</a>已经表达了拉丁语的名词动词之间的语法关系,因此拉丁语的词序高度自由,并不遵守主-谓-宾之類的順序。例如:「他愛錢」,此句在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">中文</a>(實際上不一定)、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法文</a>等現今主要語言中,皆僅有一种<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="语序">语序</a>,即<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%BB%E8%AF%AD-%E8%B0%93%E8%AF%AD-%E5%AE%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="主语-谓语-宾语(页面不存在)">主语-谓语-宾语</a>。但在拉丁語與俄語中,因格變化已闡明其關係,故可自由排列,產生六種語序。(一般而言,羅馬人會將欲強調的觀念放置句首。)</p><blockquote><p><span lang="la">Ille pecuniam amat.</span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span lang="la">Ille amat pecuniam.</span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span lang="la">Pecuniam amat ille.</span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span lang="la">Pecuniam ille amat.</span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span lang="la">Amat ille pecuniam.</span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span lang="la">Amat pecuniam ille.</span></p></blockquote><p>又,拉丁語之中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="語序">語序</a>雖較不重要,但最常用的語序為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%B3%93%E5%8B%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="主賓動語序">主賓謂結構</a>(SOV),亦即例句中的第一條。另外,拉丁語的動詞變化可以看得出來主詞是單複數的第一、二或三人稱(共6個組合),所以這句也能進一步簡化:</p><blockquote><p><span lang="la">Pecuniam amat.</span></p></blockquote><p>意思是他/她/它愛錢。 </p><p>拉丁语名词有五类变格法、形容词有两类变格法,每类变格法用不同的变格方式来区别上述六个<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="格 (语法)">格</a>。名詞以<b>單數屬格詞尾</b>確定變格法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="五类變格法"><span id=".E4.BA.94.E7.B1.BB.E8.AE.8A.E6.A0.BC.E6.B3.95"></span>五类變格法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:五类變格法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以下列表列示拉丁語的五类變格法: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>例词</th> <th>中文对照</th> <th>詞性</th> <th>變格种类</th> <th>單數主格</th> <th>單數呼格</th> <th>單數屬格</th> <th>單數與格</th> <th>單數宾格</th> <th>單數奪格</th> <th>複數主、呼格</th> <th>複數屬格</th> <th>複數與、奪格</th> <th>複數宾格 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">puella</span></td> <td>女孩</td> <td>陰</td> <td>一</td> <td><span lang="la">puell<b>a</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">puell<b>a</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">puell<b>ae</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">puell<b>ae</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">puell<b>am</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">puell<b>ā</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">puell<b>ae</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">puell<b>ārum</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">puell<b>īs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">puell<b>ās</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">servus</span></td> <td>奴隶</td> <td>陽</td> <td>二</td> <td><span lang="la">serv<b>us</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">serv<b>e</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">serv<b>ī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">serv<b>ō</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">serv<b>um</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">serv<b>ō</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">serv<b>ī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">serv<b>ōrum</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">serv<b>īs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">serv<b>ōs</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">fīlius</span></td> <td>儿子</td> <td>陽</td> <td>二</td> <td><span lang="la">fīli<b>us</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">fīl<b>ī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">fīl<b>ī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">fīli<b>ō</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">fīli<b>um</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">fili<b>ō</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">fīli<b>ī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">fīli<b>ōrum</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">fīli<b>īs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">fīli<b>ōs</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">bellum</span></td> <td>戰爭</td> <td>中</td> <td>二</td> <td><span lang="la">bell<b>um</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">bell<b>um</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">bell<b>ī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">bell<b>ō</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">bell<b>um</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">bell<b>ō</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">bell<b>a</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">bell<b>ōrum</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">bell<b>īs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">bell<b>a</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">pater</span></td> <td>父亲</td> <td>陽</td> <td>三</td> <td><span lang="la">pater</span></td> <td><span lang="la">pater</span></td> <td><span lang="la">patr<b>is</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">patr<b>ī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">patr<b>em</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">patr<b>e</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">patr<b>ēs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">patr<b>um</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">patr<b>ibus</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">patr<b>ēs</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">flūmen</span></td> <td>河</td> <td>中</td> <td>三</td> <td><span lang="la">flūmen</span></td> <td><span lang="la">flūmen</span></td> <td><span lang="la">flūmin<b>is</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">flūmin<b>ī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">flūmen</span></td> <td><span lang="la">flūmin<b>e</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">flūmin<b>a</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">flūmin<b>um</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">flūmin<b>ibus</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">flūmin<b>a</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">urbs</span></td> <td>城市</td> <td>阴</td> <td>三</td> <td><span lang="la">urbs</span></td> <td><span lang="la">urbs</span></td> <td><span lang="la">urb<b>is</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">urb<b>ī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">urb<b>em</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">urb<b>e</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">urb<b>ēs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">urb<b><i>i</i>um</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">urb<b>ibus</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">urb<b>ēs</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">mare</span></td> <td>海</td> <td>中</td> <td>三</td> <td><span lang="la">mare</span></td> <td><span lang="la">mare</span></td> <td><span lang="la">mar<b>is</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">mar<b>ī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">mare</span></td> <td><span lang="la">mar<b>ī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">mar<b><i>i</i>a</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">mar<b><i>i</i>um</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">mar<b>ibus</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">mar<b><i>i</i>a</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">manus</span></td> <td>手</td> <td>阴</td> <td>四</td> <td><span lang="la">man<b>us</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">man<b>us</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">man<b>ūs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">man<b>uī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">man<b>um</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">man<b>ū</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">man<b>ūs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">man<b>uum</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">man<b>ibus</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">man<b>ūs</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">cornū</span></td> <td>触角</td> <td>中</td> <td>四</td> <td><span lang="la">corn<b>ū</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">corn<b>ū</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">corn<b>ūs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">corn<b>ū</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">corn<b>ū</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">corn<b>ū</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">corn<b>ua</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">corn<b>uum</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">corn<b>ibus</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">corn<b>ua</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">diēs</span></td> <td>白天、一天</td> <td>阳</td> <td>五</td> <td><span lang="la">di<b>ēs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">di<b>ēs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">di<b>ēī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">di<b>ēī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">di<b>em</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">di<b>ē</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">di<b>ēs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">di<b>ērum</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">di<b>ēbus</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">di<b>ēs</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="la">spēs</span></td> <td>希望</td> <td>阴</td> <td>五</td> <td><span lang="la">sp<b>ēs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">sp<b>ēs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">sp<b>eī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">sp<b>eī</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">sp<b>em</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">sp<b>ē</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">sp<b>ēs</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">sp<b>ērum</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">sp<b>ēbus</b></span></td> <td><span lang="la">sp<b>ēs</b></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="動詞"><span id=".E5.8B.95.E8.A9.9E"></span>動詞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:動詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>动词有人称、数、时态、语气(直述、虚拟、命令)和态(主动、被动)的区别。拉丁语动词有<mark class="template-facttext"><span title="非常模棱两可或者十分空泛的语句">四类</span></mark><sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="语义模棱两可修正请求"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[哪個/哪些?]</span></span></a></sup>不同的变位法,另外还包括一些不规则动词。 </p><p>大部分规则的动词以它们的<b>不定式词尾</b>来区分它们的变位法:第一类变位法的不定式结尾是“<span lang="la">-āre</span>”,第二类变位法是“<span lang="la">-ēre</span>”,第三类变位法是“<span lang="la">-ere</span>”,第四类变位法是“<span lang="la">-īre</span>”。第三類變位法中還可細分出-io動詞,變位介於第三類和第四類之間。 </p><p>兹举一例,演示拉丁语动词的主动语态的变位: </p><p><span lang="la">amō,amāre,amavī,amatus</span>(爱,属於第一类变位法) </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>现在时</th> <th>未完成时 (过去进行时)</th> <th>将来时</th> <th>完成时</th> <th>过去完成时</th> <th>将来完成时 </th></tr> <tr> <td>直陈式</td> <td> <p><span lang="la">am<b>ō</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>s</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">ama<b>t</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>mus</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>tis</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">ama<b>nt</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> <p><span lang="la">amā<b>bam</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>bās</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>bat</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>bāmus</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>bātis</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>bant</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> <p><span lang="la">amā<b>bō</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>bis</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>bit</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>bimus</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>bitis</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>bunt</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> <p><span lang="la">amāv<b>ī</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>istī</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>it</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>imus</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>istis</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>ērunt</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> <p><span lang="la">amāv<b>eram</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>erās</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>erat</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>erāmus</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>erātis</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>erant</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> <p><span lang="la">amāv<b>erō</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>eris</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>erit</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>erimus</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>eritis</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>erint</b></span><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>虚拟式</td> <td> <p><span lang="la">am<i>e</i><b>m</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">am<i>ē</i><b>s</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">am<i>e</i><b>t</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">am<i>ē</i><b>mus</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">am<i>ē</i><b>tis</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">am<i>e</i><b>nt</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> <p><span lang="la">amā<b>rem</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>rēs</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>ret</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>rēmus</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>rētis</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amā<b>rent</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td></td> <td> <p><span lang="la">amāv<b>erim</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>eris</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>erit</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>erimus</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>eritis</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>erint</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> <p><span lang="la">amāv<b>issem</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>issēs</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>isset</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>issēmus</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>issētis</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">amāv<b>issent</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>命令式</td> <td> <p><span lang="la">am<b>ā</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">am<b>āte</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p><span lang="la">(主要用於法律文件)</span><br /> <span lang="la">am<b>ātō</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">am<b>ātōte</b></span><br /> <span lang="la">am<b>ātō</b></span>(第三人称单数)<br /> <span lang="la">am<b>antō</b></span>(第三人称复数)<br /> </p> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>不定式</td> <td> <p><span lang="la">am<b>āre</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p><span lang="la">am<b>ātūrus esse</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> <p><span lang="la">am<b>āvisse</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>分词</td> <td> <p><span lang="la">am<b>āns</b>(am<b>antis</b>)</span><br /> </p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p><span lang="la">am<b>ātūrus</b>,-<b>ra</b>,-<b>rum</b></span><br /> </p> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>被动語態则只需把上述主动语态的结尾改成被动语态专用的结尾即可。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名言"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E8.A8.80"></span>名言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:名言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Scientia potentia est</b>:“知識即力量。”</li> <li><b>Iūs est ars bonī et aequī</b>:“法律為善良與正義之藝術。”</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E4%BE%86%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%91%E8%A6%8B%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%91%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D" title="我來,我見,我征服">Vēni, vīdī, vīcī.</a></b>:“我来,我见,我征服。”——<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E6%92%92" title="尤利烏斯·凱撒">尤利烏斯·凱撒</a></li> <li><b>Fortiter in rē, suāviter in modō</b>:“行动要坚决,态度要温和。”</li> <li><b>Sī vīs pācem, parā bellum</b>:“若汝欲和平,先备战。”——<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%82%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E7%BA%B3%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="弗拉维乌斯·韦格蒂乌斯·雷纳图斯">韦格蒂乌斯</a></li> <li><b> Nīl dēspērāndum</b>:“永不絕望。”</li> <li><b>Nēmō mē impūne lacessit.</b>:“無人可欺我而不受懲罰。”</li> <li><b>Tempus fugit.</b>:“光阴似箭。”——<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="维吉尔">维吉尔</a></li> <li><b>Vōx populī, vox Deī.</b>:“民意即天意。”</li> <li><b>Salūs populī suprēma lēx est.</b>:“人民利益高于一切。”(直译为:人民之利益為最高法律)——<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="维吉尔">维吉尔</a></li> <li><b> Nōn sibi, sed omnibus.</b>:“不為己,而為人。”</li> <li><b>Cōgitō, ergō sum.</b>:“<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E6%80%9D%E6%95%85%E6%88%91%E5%9C%A8" title="我思故我在">我思故我在</a>。”——<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="笛卡尔">笛卡尔</a></li> <li><b>annus mīrābilis</b>:“奇迹迭出之年”或“令人惊異之年。”——源自<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>诗人<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E8%8E%B1%E9%A1%BF" title="约翰·德莱顿">德莱顿</a>纪念<a href="/wiki/1666%E5%B9%B4%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="1666年伦敦大火">1666年伦敦大火</a>诗篇</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Annus_horribilis" title="Annus horribilis">annus horribilis</a></b>:“可怕之年”或“多灾多难之年。”——<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="英国君主">英国女王</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="伊丽莎白二世">伊丽莎白二世</a>称呼1992年所用句</li> <li><b>Ē plūribus ūnum</b>:“<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E4%B8%BA%E4%B8%80" title="合众为一">合众为一</a>。”——<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>国徽上格言之一</li> <li><b>Quī tacet cōnsentit.</b>:“沉默即默認。”</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A1%E6%93%B7%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5" title="採擷今日">Carpe diem</a></b>:“及時行樂。”——出自<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%80%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="賀拉斯">賀拉斯</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="詩經 (賀拉斯)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Odes (Horace)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A9%E7%B6%93_(%E8%B3%80%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詩經 (賀拉斯)(页面不存在)">詩經</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odes_(Horace)" class="extiw" title="en:Odes (Horace)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Odes (Horace)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><b>Ūnus prō omnibus, omnes pro uno.</b>:“<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E7%82%BA%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%8C%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%BA%E7%82%BA%E6%88%91" title="我為人人,人人為我">我为人人,人人为我</a>。”(对应英语:One for all, all for one)——<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>国家格言、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BB%B2%E9%A9%AC" title="大仲马">大仲马</a>座右铭</li> <li><b>Veritās</b>:“真理。”——<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>校训</li> <li><b>Mēns et manus</b>:“手脑并用。”——<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="麻省理工学院">麻省理工学院</a>校训</li> <li><b>Velut arbor ævo</b>:“如大树般茁壮”——<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%BC%A6%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="多伦多大学">多伦多大学</a>校训</li> <li><b>Ut Prosim</b>: “学以致用,为民福祉”——<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維吉尼亞理工大學">弗吉尼亚理工大学</a>校训</li> <li><b>Deī sub nūmine viget</b>:“让她以上帝之名义繁荣。”——<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="普林斯顿大学">普林斯顿大学</a>校训</li> <li><b>Lūx et veritās</b>:“光明与真知。”——<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%B2%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="耶鲁大学">耶鲁大学</a>校训</li> <li><b>Novus ōrdō sēclōrum</b>:“时代新秩序。”——<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%B2%81%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="耶鲁管理学院">耶魯管理學院</a>校训</li> <li><b>Rerum cognoscere causas</b>:“了解萬物發生之源。”——<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="倫敦政治經濟學院">倫敦政治經濟學院</a>校训</li> <li><b>Tempus omnia revēlat</b>:“时间会揭露一切。”</li> <li><b>Hinc lūcem et pōcula sacra</b>:“此乃启蒙之所,智慧之源。”——<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="剑桥大学">剑桥大学</a>校训</li> <li><b>Dominus illūminātiō mea</b>:“主照亮我。”——<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="牛津大学">牛津大学</a>校训</li> <li><b>Postera crēscam laude</b>:“吾等將成長於後人之敬重。”——<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E5%B0%94%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="墨尔本大学">墨尔本大学</a>校训</li> <li><b>Sapiēntia Et Virtūs</b>:“智慧和品德(字面直译)”(官方中文校训为“明德格物”,语出《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E8%A8%98%C2%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="禮記·大學">禮記·大學</a>》。)——<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="香港大学">香港大学</a>校训<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Via Veritās Vīta</b>:“道路、真理、生命。”——《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新約聖經</a>》,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="格拉斯哥大学">格拉斯哥大学</a>校训<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="备注"><span id=".E5.A4.87.E6.B3.A8"></span>备注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节:备注"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="学习资料"><span id=".E5.AD.A6.E4.B9.A0.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>学习资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节:学习资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="教科書"><span id=".E6.95.99.E7.A7.91.E6.9B.B8"></span>教科書</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节:教科書"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>肖原编著,《拉丁语基础》,商务印书馆1983</li> <li>张卜天译,《韦洛克拉丁语教程》,北京联合出版公司2009(新版2017)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="词典"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E5.85.B8"></span>词典</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节:词典"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thesaurus_Linguae_Latinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thesaurus Linguae Latinae">Thesaurus Linguae Latinae</a></li> <li><i>Oxford Latin Dictionary</i>, Oxford University Press, ²2011.</li> <li>谢大任等编纂,《拉丁语汉语词典》,商务印书馆1988</li> <li>吴金瑞编译,《拉丁汉文辞典》,光启出版社1965(再版1980)</li> <li>张维笃、甘增佑、苗德秀(Theodorus Mittler)、彭加德(Ernestus Röhm)编纂,《中华拉丁大辞典》,保禄印书馆1956(再版1983)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="语法_2"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95_2"></span>语法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节:语法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般語法: </p> <ul><li>顾枝鹰、杨志城等译《拉丁语语法新编》,华东师范大学出版社2017</li> <li>H. Rubenbauer, J. B. Hofmann, R. Heine, <i>Lateinische Grammatik</i></li> <li>Dirk Panhuis, <i>Lateinische Grammatik</i>, De Gruyter, ³2015</li></ul> <p>參考語法: </p> <ul><li>Kühner-Stegmann, <i>Ausführliche Grammatik der lateinischen Sprache</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="历史语言学"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E5.AD.A6"></span>历史语言学</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节:历史语言学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gerhard Meiser, <i>Historische Laut- und Formenlehre der lateinischen Sprache</i>, ²2006.</li> <li>Michael Weiss, <i>Outline of the historical and comparative grammar of Latin</i>, Beech Stave Press, ²2020.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Schools. Britannica 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Schools&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft.edition=1911&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHu2008" class="citation journal">Hu, Winnie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/07/nyregion/07latin.html">A Dead Language That's Very Much Alive</a>. Nytimes.com. 2008-10-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-02-02</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190622154537/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/07/nyregion/07latin.html">存档</a>于2019-06-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=A+Dead+Language+That%27s+Very+Much+Alive&rft.aufirst=Winnie&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.date=2008-10-06&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nytimes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F10%2F07%2Fnyregion%2F07latin.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《拉丁语和希腊语》(2007年1月第一版)信德麟 p13 外语教学与研究出版社</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.for68.com/new/2006/4/wa088532741162460026049-0.html">拉丁语介绍</a>. 外语教育网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-03-27</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101230105406/http://www.for68.com/new/2006/4/wa088532741162460026049-0.html">存档</a>于2010-12-30).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.for68.com%2Fnew%2F2006%2F4%2Fwa088532741162460026049-0.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">黄河清. 近现代汉语辞源. 上海辞书. 2020: 919. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5326-5403-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5326-5403-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-5326-5403-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%B8%85&rft.btitle=%E8%BF%91%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%BE%9E%E6%BA%90&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5326-5403-1&rft.pages=919&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(美)F. M .韦洛克,《韦洛克拉丁语教程》(第六版)世界图书出版社,第8页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(美)F. M .韦洛克《韦洛克拉丁语教程》(第六版),世界图书出版社,第39页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(美)F. M. 韦洛克《韦洛克拉丁语教程》(第六版)世界图书出版社,第40页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《韦洛克拉丁语教程》(第六版,美)F. M. 韦洛克 p43 世界图书出版社</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_10-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_10-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(美)F. M .韦洛克《韦洛克拉丁语教程》(第六版),世界图书出版社</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《韦洛克拉丁语教程》(第六版,美)F. M . p41韦洛克世界图书出版社</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-2"><sup><b>12.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-3"><sup><b>12.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-4"><sup><b>12.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-5"><sup><b>12.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-6"><sup><b>12.6</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《拉丁语和希腊语》(2007年1月第一版)信德麟外语教学与研究出版社</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Virgil-Mosaic-Tunesia.jpg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="File:Virgil-Mosaic-Tunesia.jpg(页面不存在)">A Tunisian stamp featuring the mosaic</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bryson, Bill. The mother tongue: English and how it got that way. New York: Avon Books. 1996: 33–34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.aulast=Bryson&rft.btitle=The+mother+tongue%3A+English+and+how+it+got+that+way&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=33-34&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Avon+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#2_15-0"><sup><b>15.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#2_15-1"><sup><b>15.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(美)F. M .韋洛克《韋洛克拉丁語教程》(第六版),世界圖書出版社</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《韦洛克拉丁语教程》(第六版,美)F. M . p52-53韦洛克世界图书出版社</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">拉丁語帝國(<i>Le latin ou l'empire d'un signe</i>),瓦克(Françoise Waquet),<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789867001801" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-986-7001-80-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hku.hk/about/uid/c_background.html">背景 - 大學標誌 - 港大簡介 - 香港大學</a>. www.hku.hk. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-06-14</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324125437/https://www.hku.hk/about/uid/c_background.html">存档</a>于2021-03-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(臺灣)网页">(中文(臺灣))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF+-+%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C+-+%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B+-+%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hku.hk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hku.hk%2Fabout%2Fuid%2Fc_background.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425062929/http://b2.eic.org.cn/Advisor/Diary/Display.aspx?host=1509&diaryid=8055">英国大学拉丁文校训</a>. 北京启德英国. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-03-28</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://b2.eic.org.cn/Advisor/Diary/Display.aspx?host=1509&diaryid=8055">原始内容</a>存档于2011-04-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87%E6%A0%A1%E8%AE%AD&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%90%AF%E5%BE%B7%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fb2.eic.org.cn%2FAdvisor%2FDiary%2FDisplay.aspx%3Fhost%3D1509%26diaryid%3D8055&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%91%E9%9F%B3" title="拉丁语发音">拉丁语发音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" title="拉丁语语法">拉丁语语法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="新拉丁语">新拉丁语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="通俗拉丁语">通俗拉丁语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="拉丁語短語列表">拉丁語短語列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87%E7%BC%A9%E5%86%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="拉丁文缩写列表">拉丁文缩写列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁民族">拉丁民族</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国">罗马帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="教会拉丁语">教會拉丁語</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节:外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本:<b><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="la:"> Latin 維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>有此种语言版本:<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/la:" class="extiw" title="s:la:">拉丁语维基文库</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8" title="維基教科書">維基教科書</a>中的相關電子教程:<b><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" class="extiw" title="b:拉丁语">拉丁语</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">關於一系列與拉丁语有關的詞語,參見<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維基詞典">維基詞典</a>上<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:拉丁語"><b>拉丁語</b>的詞語目錄</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源:<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Latin_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Latin language"><span style="font-weight:bold;">拉丁语</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lat">《民族語》关于拉丁语的报告</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121126031801/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lat">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | 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.cslist li::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:";"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="意大利语族" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="Template:意大利语族"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:意大利语族(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:意大利语族"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="意大利语族" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="意大利语族">意大利语族</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81-%E6%B3%95%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁-法利希语支">拉丁-法利希语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="法利斯克语">法利斯克语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉努维亚语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lanuvian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%8A%AA%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉努维亚语(页面不存在)">拉努维亚语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanuvian" class="extiw" title="en:Lanuvian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lanuvian</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">拉丁语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕莱斯特里纳语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Praenestinian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E7%BA%B3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕莱斯特里纳语(页面不存在)">帕莱斯特里纳语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praenestinian" class="extiw" title="en:Praenestinian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Praenestinian</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%8E-%E7%BF%81%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="奥斯坎-翁布里亚语支">奥斯坎-翁布里亚语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hernici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hernici(页面不存在)">Hernican</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马鲁西尼语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marrucini#Language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E9%B2%81%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马鲁西尼语(页面不存在)">马鲁西尼语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marrucini#Language" class="extiw" title="en:Marrucini"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marrucini#Language</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马尔西语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marsi#Language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔西语(页面不存在)">马尔西语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsi#Language" class="extiw" title="en:Marsi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marsi#Language</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%8E%E8%AF%AD" title="奥斯坎语">奥斯坎语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕埃利尼语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paeligni#Language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕埃利尼语(页面不存在)">帕埃利尼语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paeligni#Language" class="extiw" title="en:Paeligni"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paeligni#Language</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-Samnite_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pre-Samnite language(页面不存在)">Pre-Samnite</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萨比尼语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sabines#Language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨比尼语(页面不存在)">萨比尼语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabines#Language" class="extiw" title="en:Sabines"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sabines#Language</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidicini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidicini(页面不存在)">Sidicini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%9A%AE%E8%B5%9B%E6%81%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="南皮赛恩语">南皮赛恩语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%81%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="翁布里亚语">翁布里亚语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD" title="沃尔西语">沃尔西语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">未知</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%A1%82%E8%AF%AD" title="埃桂语">埃桂语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贝尔盖语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Belgian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贝尔盖语(页面不存在)">贝尔盖语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Belgian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Belgian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Belgian language</span></a></span>)</span></span>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E8%A5%BF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="卢西坦语">卢西坦语</a>?(可能属于凯尔特语)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西库尔语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Siculian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西库尔语(页面不存在)">西库尔语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siculian" class="extiw" title="en:Siculian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Siculian</span></a></span>)</span></span>?(可能不属于意大利语族)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E8%AF%AD" title="威尼托语">威尼托语</a>?(可能是<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="凯尔特语族">凯尔特语族</a>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="维斯提尼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vestinian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维斯提尼(页面不存在)">维斯提尼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestinian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Vestinian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vestinian language</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">构拟</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="原始意大利语">原始意大利语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>除<a class="mw-selflink selflink">拉丁语</a>(及其后代<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族</a>)外所有<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="意大利语族">意大利语族</a>语言现在都已<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1" title="語言滅亡">灭绝</a>;拉丁语至今仍是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教会">天主教会</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="礼仪语言">礼仪语言</a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="罗曼语族语言_(分类(英语:-&#123;classification_of_Romance_languages&#125;-))" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="Template:羅曼語族"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="Template talk:羅曼語族"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:羅曼語族"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="罗曼语族语言_(分类(英语:-&#123;classification_of_Romance_languages&#125;-))" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族语言</a> (<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗曼语族分类" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="classification of Romance languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗曼语族分类(页面不存在)">分类</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/classification_of_Romance_languages" class="extiw" title="en:classification of Romance languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">classification of Romance languages</span></a></span>)</span></span>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主要分支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="東羅曼語支">東羅曼語支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9-%E8%A5%BF%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="意大利-西罗曼语支">意大利-西罗曼语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9-%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="義大利-達爾馬提亞語支">義大利-達爾馬提亞語支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西羅曼語支">西羅曼語支</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="南罗曼语支">南罗曼语支</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="東羅曼語支">東羅曼語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="阿罗马尼亚语">阿罗马尼亚语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89-%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="伊斯特拉-罗马尼亚语">伊斯特拉-罗马尼亚语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梅格莱诺罗马尼亚语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Megleno-Romanian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%A0%BC%E8%8E%B1%E8%AF%BA%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅格莱诺罗马尼亚语(页面不存在)">梅格莱诺罗马尼亚语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megleno-Romanian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Megleno-Romanian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Megleno-Romanian language</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞語">羅馬尼亞語</a></b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马尼亚语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanian dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马尼亚语方言(页面不存在)">方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Romanian dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanian dialects</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD)" title="巴纳特方言 (罗马尼亚语)">巴纳特方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布科维纳方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bukovinian Romanian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E7%A7%91%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布科维纳方言(页面不存在)">布科维纳方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukovinian_Romanian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Bukovinian Romanian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bukovinian Romanian dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克里沙纳方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crișana dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%B2%99%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克里沙纳方言(页面不存在)">克里沙纳方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Crișana dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crișana dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马拉穆列什方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maramureș dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%A9%86%E5%88%97%E4%BB%80%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马拉穆列什方言(页面不存在)">马拉穆列什方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maramure%C8%99_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Maramureș dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maramureș dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="摩尔达维亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Moldavian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩尔达维亚方言(页面不存在)">摩尔达维亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldavian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Moldavian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Moldavian dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马尼亚语特兰西瓦尼亚变体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transylvanian varieties of Romanian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%98%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马尼亚语特兰西瓦尼亚变体(页面不存在)">特兰西瓦尼亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transylvanian_varieties_of_Romanian" class="extiw" title="en:Transylvanian varieties of Romanian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transylvanian varieties of Romanian</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦拉几亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wallachian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E5%87%A0%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦拉几亚方言(页面不存在)">瓦拉几亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallachian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Wallachian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wallachian dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="通用罗马尼亚语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Common Romanian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通用罗马尼亚语(页面不存在)">通用罗马尼亚语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Romanian" class="extiw" title="en:Common Romanian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Common Romanian</span></a></span>)</span></span></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9-%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="義大利-達爾馬提亞語支">義大利-達爾馬提亞語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="中部意大利語">中部方言</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中马尔凯方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Central Marchigiano dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%87%AF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中马尔凯方言(页面不存在)">中马尔凯方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Marchigiano_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Central Marchigiano dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Central Marchigiano dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安科纳方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dialetto anconitano"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E7%A7%91%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安科纳方言(页面不存在)">安科纳方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetto_anconitano" class="extiw" title="en:Dialetto anconitano"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dialetto anconitano</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA" title="法布里亚诺">法布里亚诺</a>方言</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%87%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%94%E7%9C%81" title="馬切拉塔省">马切拉塔</a>方言</li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中北拉齐奥方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Central-Northern Latian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%97%E6%8B%89%E9%BD%90%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中北拉齐奥方言(页面不存在)">中北拉齐奥方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central-Northern_Latian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Central-Northern Latian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Central-Northern Latian dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="罗马方言">罗马方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萨宾方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sabino dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%AE%BE%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨宾方言(页面不存在)">萨宾方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabino_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Sabino dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sabino dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%98%89%E8%AF%AD" title="科西嘉语">科西嘉语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加卢拉方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gallurese"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加卢拉方言(页面不存在)">加卢拉方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallurese" class="extiw" title="en:Gallurese"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gallurese</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="意大利语">意大利语</a></b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利-澳大利亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Italo-Australian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9-%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利-澳大利亚方言(页面不存在)">意大利-澳大利亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Australian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Italo-Australian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Italo-Australian dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地方意大利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regional Italian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地方意大利语(页面不存在)">地方意大利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Italian" class="extiw" title="en:Regional Italian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regional Italian</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑞士意大利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Swiss Italian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞士意大利语(页面不存在)">瑞士意大利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Italian" class="extiw" title="en:Swiss Italian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Swiss Italian</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%90%A8%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="萨萨里语">萨萨里语</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="托斯卡納語">托斯卡納語</a></b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛罗伦萨方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Florentine dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%A6%E8%90%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛罗伦萨方言(页面不存在)">佛罗伦萨方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florentine_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Florentine dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Florentine dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">南部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="极南意大利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Extreme Southern Italian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E5%8D%97%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="极南意大利语(页面不存在)">极南意大利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_Southern_Italian" class="extiw" title="en:Extreme Southern Italian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Extreme Southern Italian</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中卡拉布里亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dialetti calabresi centrali"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中卡拉布里亚方言(页面不存在)">中</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetti_calabresi_centrali" class="extiw" title="en:Dialetti calabresi centrali"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dialetti calabresi centrali</span></a></span>)</span></span><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南卡拉布里亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dialetti calabresi meridionali"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南卡拉布里亚方言(页面不存在)">南卡拉布里亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetti_calabresi_meridionali" class="extiw" title="en:Dialetti calabresi meridionali"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dialetti calabresi meridionali</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萨伦托方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Salentino dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E4%BC%A6%E6%89%98%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨伦托方言(页面不存在)">萨伦托方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salentino_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Salentino dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Salentino dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="曼杜里亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Manduriano"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BC%E6%9D%9C%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曼杜里亚方言(页面不存在)">曼杜里亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manduriano" class="extiw" title="en:Manduriano"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Manduriano</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="西西里语">西西里语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="潘泰莱里亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pantesco dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%98%E6%B3%B0%E8%8E%B1%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潘泰莱里亚方言(页面不存在)">潘泰莱里亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantesco_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Pantesco dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pantesco dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>那不勒斯–卡拉布里亚语</b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="那不勒斯语">那不勒斯语</a></b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴里方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Barese dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%8C%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴里方言(页面不存在)">巴里方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barese_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Barese dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Barese dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贝内文托方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Benevento dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E5%86%85%E6%96%87%E6%89%98%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贝内文托方言(页面不存在)">贝内文托方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benevento_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Benevento dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Benevento dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡斯特尔梅扎诺方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Castelmezzano dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E6%89%8E%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡斯特尔梅扎诺方言(页面不存在)">卡斯特尔梅扎诺方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castelmezzano_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Castelmezzano dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Castelmezzano dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奇伦托方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cilentan dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E4%BC%A6%E6%89%98%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇伦托方言(页面不存在)">奇伦托方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilentan_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Cilentan dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cilentan dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊尔皮尼亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Irpinian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊尔皮尼亚方言(页面不存在)">伊尔皮尼亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irpinian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Irpinian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Irpinian dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿里亚诺方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arianese dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿里亚诺方言(页面不存在)">阿里亚诺方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arianese_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Arianese dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arianese dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莫利塞方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Molisan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E5%88%A9%E5%A1%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫利塞方言(页面不存在)">莫利塞方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molisan" class="extiw" title="en:Molisan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Molisan</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南拉齐奥方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southern Latian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%8B%89%E9%BD%90%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南拉齐奥方言(页面不存在)">南拉齐奥方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Latian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Latian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southern Latian dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%85%B0%E6%89%98%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="塔兰托方言">塔兰托方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦斯托方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vastese"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦斯托方言(页面不存在)">瓦斯托方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vastese" class="extiw" title="en:Vastese"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vastese</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡拉布里亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Languages of Calabria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡拉布里亚方言(页面不存在)">北卡拉布里亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Calabria" class="extiw" title="en:Languages of Calabria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Languages of Calabria</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="达尔马提亚语">达尔马提亚语</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E8%AA%9E" title="伊斯特拉語">伊斯特拉語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太意大利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judeo-Italian languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太意大利语(页面不存在)">犹太意大利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Judeo-Italian languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judeo-Italian languages</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西羅曼語支">西羅曼語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7-%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="高盧-義大利語支">高盧-義大利語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E-%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B6%85%E8%AA%9E" title="艾米利亞-羅馬涅語">艾米利亞-羅馬涅語</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾米利亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Emilian dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾米利亚方言(页面不存在)">艾米利亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilian_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Emilian dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Emilian dialects</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="博洛尼亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bolognese dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博洛尼亚方言(页面不存在)">博洛尼亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolognese_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Bolognese dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bolognese dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕尔马方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parmigiano dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕尔马方言(页面不存在)">帕尔马方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmigiano_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Parmigiano dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parmigiano dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马涅方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romagnol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%B6%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马涅方言(页面不存在)">罗马涅方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romagnol" class="extiw" title="en:Romagnol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romagnol</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗利方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forlivese dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E5%88%A9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗利方言(页面不存在)">弗利方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forlivese_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Forlivese dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forlivese dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴西利卡塔高卢-意大利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gallo-Italic of Basilicata"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E9%AB%98%E5%8D%A2-%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西利卡塔高卢-意大利语(页面不存在)">巴西利卡塔高卢-意大利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallo-Italic_of_Basilicata" class="extiw" title="en:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gallo-Italic of Basilicata</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西西里高卢-意大利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gallo-Italic of Sicily"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%8D%A2-%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西西里高卢-意大利语(页面不存在)">西西里高卢-意大利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallo-Italic_of_Sicily" class="extiw" title="en:Gallo-Italic of Sicily"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gallo-Italic of Sicily</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高卢-皮切诺方言" data-lang-code="it" data-lang-name="義大利語" data-foreign-title="Dialetto gallo-piceno"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%8D%A2-%E7%9A%AE%E5%88%87%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高卢-皮切诺方言(页面不存在)">高卢-皮切诺方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">義大利語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetto_gallo-piceno" class="extiw" title="it:Dialetto gallo-piceno"><span lang="it" dir="auto">Dialetto gallo-piceno</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="利古里亚语">利古里亚语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布里加方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brigasc dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布里加方言(页面不存在)">布里加方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigasc_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Brigasc dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brigasc dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="热那亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genoese dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热那亚方言(页面不存在)">热那亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoese_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Genoese dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genoese dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="因泰梅利奥方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Intemelio dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%A0%E6%B3%B0%E6%A2%85%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="因泰梅利奥方言(页面不存在)">因泰梅利奥方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intemelio_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Intemelio dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Intemelio dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="摩纳哥方言">摩纳哥方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鲁瓦亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Royasc"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E7%93%A6%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁瓦亚方言(页面不存在)">鲁瓦亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royasc" class="extiw" title="en:Royasc"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Royasc</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塔瓦尔卡方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tabarchino"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔瓦尔卡方言(页面不存在)">塔瓦尔卡方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabarchino" class="extiw" title="en:Tabarchino"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tabarchino</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太意大利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judeo-Italian languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太意大利语(页面不存在)">犹太意大利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Judeo-Italian languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judeo-Italian languages</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E8%AA%9E" title="倫巴底語">倫巴底語</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东伦巴第方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eastern Lombard dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E4%BC%A6%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东伦巴第方言(页面不存在)">东</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Lombard_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern Lombard dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eastern Lombard dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贝加莫方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bergamasque dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E5%8A%A0%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贝加莫方言(页面不存在)">贝加莫方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergamasque_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Bergamasque dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bergamasque dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西伦巴第方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Western Lombard dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%A6%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西伦巴第方言(页面不存在)">西</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Lombard_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Western Lombard dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Western Lombard dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布里安扎方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brianzöö dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%E6%89%8E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布里安扎方言(页面不存在)">布里安扎方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brianz%C3%B6%C3%B6_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Brianzöö dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brianzöö dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="坎佐方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Canzés dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%8E%E4%BD%90%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坎佐方言(页面不存在)">坎佐方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canz%C3%A9s_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Canzés dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Canzés dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布斯托-莱尼亚诺方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bustocco and Legnanese dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98-%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布斯托-莱尼亚诺方言(页面不存在)">布斯托-莱尼亚诺方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bustocco_and_Legnanese_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Bustocco and Legnanese dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bustocco and Legnanese dialects</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科莫-莱科方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Comasco-Lecchese dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E8%8E%AB-%E8%8E%B1%E7%A7%91%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科莫-莱科方言(页面不存在)">科莫-莱科方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comasco-Lecchese_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Comasco-Lecchese dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comasco-Lecchese dialects</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科莫方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Comasco dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科莫方言(页面不存在)">科莫方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comasco_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Comasco dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comasco dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉盖方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laghée dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%9B%96%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉盖方言(页面不存在)">拉盖方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagh%C3%A9e_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Laghée dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laghée dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莱科方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lecchese dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%B1%E7%A7%91%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莱科方言(页面不存在)">莱科方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecchese_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Lecchese dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lecchese dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦拉西纳方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vallassinese dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦拉西纳方言(页面不存在)">瓦拉西纳方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallassinese_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Vallassinese dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vallassinese dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="米兰方言">米兰方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥索拉方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ossolano"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E7%B4%A2%E6%8B%89%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥索拉方言(页面不存在)">奥索拉方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossolano" class="extiw" title="en:Ossolano"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ossolano</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西南伦巴第方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southwestern Lombard"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E4%BC%A6%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西南伦巴第方言(页面不存在)">西南</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern_Lombard" class="extiw" title="en:Southwestern Lombard"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southwestern Lombard</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克雷莫纳方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cremunés dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E8%8E%AB%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克雷莫纳方言(页面不存在)">克雷莫纳方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremun%C3%A9s_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Cremunés dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cremunés dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="诺瓦拉方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Novarese Lombard"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%BA%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="诺瓦拉方言(页面不存在)">诺瓦拉方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novarese_Lombard" class="extiw" title="en:Novarese Lombard"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Novarese Lombard</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕维亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pavese dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕维亚方言(页面不存在)">帕维亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavese_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Pavese dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pavese dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="提契诺方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ticinese dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8F%90%E5%A5%91%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="提契诺方言(页面不存在)">提契诺方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticinese_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Ticinese dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ticinese dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦雷泽方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Varesino dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E9%9B%B7%E6%B3%BD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦雷泽方言(页面不存在)">瓦雷泽方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varesino_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Varesino dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Varesino dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="皮埃蒙特語">皮埃蒙特語</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太皮埃蒙特语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judaeo-Piedmontese"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太皮埃蒙特语(页面不存在)">犹太皮埃蒙特语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaeo-Piedmontese" class="extiw" title="en:Judaeo-Piedmontese"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judaeo-Piedmontese</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7-%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="高盧-羅曼語支">高盧-羅曼語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="奥依语" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="奥依语">奥依语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安茹语" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Angevin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E8%8C%B9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安茹语(页面不存在)">安茹语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angevin" class="extiw" title="fr:Angevin"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Angevin</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贝里语" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="berrichon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贝里语(页面不存在)">贝里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/berrichon" class="extiw" title="fr:berrichon"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">berrichon</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波旁方言" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Bourbonnais (dialectes)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%97%81%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波旁方言(页面不存在)">波旁方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbonnais_(dialectes)" class="extiw" title="fr:Bourbonnais (dialectes)"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Bourbonnais (dialectes)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="勃艮第语">勃艮第语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%A7%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="香槟语">香槟语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿登方言" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Ardennais (dialecte)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%99%BB%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿登方言(页面不存在)">阿登方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardennais_(dialecte)" class="extiw" title="fr:Ardennais (dialecte)"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Ardennais (dialecte)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="兰斯方言" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Rémois (dialecte)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兰斯方言(页面不存在)">兰斯方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9mois_(dialecte)" class="extiw" title="fr:Rémois (dialecte)"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Rémois (dialecte)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E4%BB%80-%E5%AD%94%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="弗朗什-孔泰语">弗朗什-孔泰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="加洛语">加洛语</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泽西法律法语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jersey Legal French"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泽西法律法语(页面不存在)">泽西法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_Legal_French" class="extiw" title="en:Jersey Legal French"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jersey Legal French</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南部法语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Meridional French"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南部法语(页面不存在)">南部</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridional_French" class="extiw" title="en:Meridional French"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Meridional French</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>北美方言 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" title="加拿大法語">加拿大</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿卡迪亚法语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Acadian French"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿卡迪亚法语(页面不存在)">阿卡迪亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadian_French" class="extiw" title="en:Acadian French"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Acadian French</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希亚克方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chiac"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%8B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希亚克方言(页面不存在)">希亚克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiac" class="extiw" title="en:Chiac"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chiac</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣玛丽湾法语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="St. Marys Bay French"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E6%B9%BE%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣玛丽湾法语(页面不存在)">圣玛丽湾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Marys_Bay_French" class="extiw" title="en:St. Marys Bay French"><span lang="en" dir="auto">St. Marys Bay French</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布赖永人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brayon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%96%E6%B0%B8%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布赖永人(页面不存在)">布赖永</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brayon" class="extiw" title="en:Brayon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brayon</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="纽芬兰法语">纽芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" title="魁北克法語">魁北克</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="茹阿尔话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Joual"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8C%B9%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="茹阿尔话(页面不存在)">茹阿尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joual" class="extiw" title="en:Joual"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Joual</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马古阿方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Magoua"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%A4%E9%98%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马古阿方言(页面不存在)">马古阿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magoua" class="extiw" title="en:Magoua"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Magoua</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法裔安大略人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Franco-Ontarians"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%A3%94%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%A7%E7%95%A5%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法裔安大略人(页面不存在)">安大略</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-Ontarians" class="extiw" title="en:Franco-Ontarians"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Franco-Ontarians</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梅蒂法语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Métis French"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E8%92%82%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅蒂法语(页面不存在)">梅蒂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_French" class="extiw" title="en:Métis French"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Métis French</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="密歇根州法语区" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muskrat French"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%86%E6%AD%87%E6%A0%B9%E5%B7%9E%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="密歇根州法语区(页面不存在)">密歇根</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskrat_French" class="extiw" title="en:Muskrat French"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muskrat French</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新英格兰法语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="New England French"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新英格兰法语(页面不存在)">新英格兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_French" class="extiw" title="en:New England French"><span lang="en" dir="auto">New England French</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗伦奇维尔法语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Frenchville French"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E4%BC%A6%E5%A5%87%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗伦奇维尔法语(页面不存在)">弗伦奇维尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenchville_French" class="extiw" title="en:Frenchville French"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Frenchville French</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" title="路易斯安那法語">路易斯安那</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="霍马人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Houma people"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍马人(页面不存在)">霍马</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houma_people" class="extiw" title="en:Houma people"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Houma people</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="密苏里法语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Missouri French"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%86%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="密苏里法语(页面不存在)">密苏里</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_French" class="extiw" title="en:Missouri French"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Missouri French</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基于法语的克里奥尔语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French-based creole languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基于法语的克里奥尔语(页面不存在)">克里奥尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" class="extiw" title="en:French-based creole languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French-based creole languages</span></a></span>)</span></span></b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%AD" title="洛林语">洛林语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%A7%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="戈姆方言">戈姆方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="孚日方言" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="vosgien"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孚日方言(页面不存在)">孚日方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/vosgien" class="extiw" title="fr:vosgien"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">vosgien</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="韦尔什方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Welche"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%80%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韦尔什方言(页面不存在)">韦尔什方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welche" class="extiw" title="en:Welche"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Welche</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="諾曼語">諾曼語</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="盎格鲁-诺曼语">盎格鲁-诺曼语</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="欧日方言">欧日方言</a></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥尔德尼方言" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Auregnais"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥尔德尼方言(页面不存在)">奥尔德尼方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auregnais" class="extiw" title="fr:Auregnais"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Auregnais</span></a></span>)</span></span></i></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布赖方言" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Brayon (langue)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%96%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布赖方言(页面不存在)">布赖方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brayon_(langue)" class="extiw" title="fr:Brayon (langue)"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Brayon (langue)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科方言" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Cauchois"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科方言(页面不存在)">科方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchois" class="extiw" title="fr:Cauchois"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Cauchois</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科唐坦方言" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Cotentinais"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%94%90%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科唐坦方言(页面不存在)">科唐坦方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotentinais" class="extiw" title="fr:Cotentinais"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Cotentinais</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="根西方言" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Guernesiais"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="根西方言(页面不存在)">根西方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernesiais" class="extiw" title="fr:Guernesiais"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Guernesiais</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="泽西方言">泽西方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萨克方言" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Sercquiais"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨克方言(页面不存在)">萨克方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sercquiais" class="extiw" title="fr:Sercquiais"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Sercquiais</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%89%AF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="奥尔良方言">奥尔良方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%8D%A1%E7%AC%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="皮卡第语">皮卡第语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%93%A6%E5%9B%BE-%E6%A1%91%E9%80%9A%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="普瓦图-桑通日语">普瓦图-桑通日语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%93%A6%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="普瓦图方言">普瓦图方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E9%80%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="桑通日方言">桑通日方言</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E9%9A%86%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦隆语">瓦隆语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威斯康星瓦隆语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wisconsin Walloon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%B7%E6%98%9F%E7%93%A6%E9%9A%86%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威斯康星瓦隆语(页面不存在)">威斯康星瓦隆语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin_Walloon" class="extiw" title="en:Wisconsin Walloon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wisconsin Walloon</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B-%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="法兰克-普罗旺斯语">法兰克-普罗旺斯语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法埃托方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Faetar language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9F%83%E6%89%98%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法埃托方言(页面不存在)">法埃托方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faetar_language" class="extiw" title="en:Faetar language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Faetar language</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E4%BC%8F%E4%BE%9D%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="萨伏依方言">萨伏依方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦莱达奥斯塔方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Valdôtain dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B1%E8%BE%BE%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦莱达奥斯塔方言(页面不存在)">瓦莱达奥斯塔方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vald%C3%B4tain_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Valdôtain dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Valdôtain dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="摩泽尔罗曼语">摩泽尔罗曼语</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="伊比利亞羅曼語支">伊比利亞羅曼語支</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西伊比利亞語支">西伊比利亞語支</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF-%E8%90%8A%E6%98%82%E8%AA%9E" title="阿斯圖里亞斯-萊昂語">阿斯圖里亞斯-萊昂語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿斯图里亚斯语">阿斯图里亚斯语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西阿斯图里亚斯方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Western Asturian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西阿斯图里亚斯方言(页面不存在)">西阿斯图里亚斯方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Asturian" class="extiw" title="en:Western Asturian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Western Asturian</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%A1%94%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="坎塔布里亚方言">坎塔布里亚方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E6%98%82%E8%AA%9E" title="萊昂語">萊昂語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="米兰达语">米兰达语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E-%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="加利西亞-葡萄牙語">加利西亞-葡萄牙語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E8%AA%9E" title="法拉語">法拉語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="加利西亞語">加利西亞語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E-%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="加利西亞-阿斯圖里亞斯語">加利西亞-阿斯圖里亞斯語</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="明迪方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Minderico language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%8E%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="明迪方言(页面不存在)">明迪方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minderico_language" class="extiw" title="en:Minderico language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Minderico language</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葡萄吉斯语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portugis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄吉斯语(页面不存在)">葡萄吉斯语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugis" class="extiw" title="en:Portugis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portugis</span></a></span>)</span></span></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="葡萄牙語">葡萄牙語</a></b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葡萄牙语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portuguese dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄牙语方言(页面不存在)">方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Portuguese dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portuguese dialects</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非洲葡萄牙语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portuguese language in Africa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非洲葡萄牙语(页面不存在)">非洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language_in_Africa" class="extiw" title="en:Portuguese language in Africa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portuguese language in Africa</span></a></span>)</span></span></b></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚洲葡萄牙语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portuguese language in Asia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚洲葡萄牙语(页面不存在)">亚洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language_in_Asia" class="extiw" title="en:Portuguese language in Asia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portuguese language in Asia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="巴西葡萄牙语">巴西</a></b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="米纳斯吉拉斯方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mineiro"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米纳斯吉拉斯方言(页面不存在)">米纳斯吉拉斯方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineiro" class="extiw" title="en:Mineiro"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mineiro</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="歐洲葡萄牙語">欧洲</a></b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃斯特雷马杜拉葡萄牙语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Estremenho dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃斯特雷马杜拉葡萄牙语方言(页面不存在)">埃斯特雷马杜拉方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estremenho_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Estremenho dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Estremenho dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌拉圭葡萄牙语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Uruguayan Portuguese"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乌拉圭葡萄牙语(页面不存在)">乌拉圭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguayan_Portuguese" class="extiw" title="en:Uruguayan Portuguese"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Uruguayan Portuguese</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E%E6%AD%B8%E8%9E%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="葡萄牙語歸融語">克里奥尔</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太葡萄牙語">猶太</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西伊比利亞語支">卡斯蒂利亚语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚马孙西班牙语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Amazonic Spanish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%99%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚马孙西班牙语(页面不存在)">亚马孙西班牙语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonic_Spanish" class="extiw" title="en:Amazonic Spanish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Amazonic Spanish</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E9%A6%AC%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%E8%AA%9E" title="埃斯特雷馬杜拉語">埃斯特雷馬杜拉語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="犹太西班牙语">犹太西班牙语</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a></b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西班牙语方言和变体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spanish dialects and varieties"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%98%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西班牙语方言和变体(页面不存在)">方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_dialects_and_varieties" class="extiw" title="en:Spanish dialects and varieties"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spanish dialects and varieties</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="赤道几内亚西班牙语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Equatoguinean Spanish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赤道几内亚西班牙语(页面不存在)">赤道几内亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatoguinean_Spanish" class="extiw" title="en:Equatoguinean Spanish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Equatoguinean Spanish</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="美洲西班牙语">美洲</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="秘鲁西班牙语">秘鲁</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="秘鲁沿海西班牙语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peruvian Ribereño Spanis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81%E6%B2%BF%E6%B5%B7%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秘鲁沿海西班牙语(页面不存在)">秘鲁沿海</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian_Ribere%C3%B1o_Spanis" class="extiw" title="en:Peruvian Ribereño Spanis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peruvian Ribereño Spanis</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%B8%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="歐陸西班牙語">歐陸</a></b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安达卢西亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Andalusian Spanish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%8D%A2%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安达卢西亚方言(页面不存在)">安达卢西亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" class="extiw" title="en:Andalusian Spanish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Andalusian Spanish</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="利亚尼托方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Llanito"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="利亚尼托方言(页面不存在)">利亚尼托方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" class="extiw" title="en:Llanito"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Llanito</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南卡斯蒂利亚方言" data-lang-code="es" data-lang-name="西班牙语" data-foreign-title="Dialectos castellanos septentrionales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南卡斯蒂利亚方言(页面不存在)">南卡斯蒂利亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">西班牙语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectos_castellanos_septentrionales" class="extiw" title="es:Dialectos castellanos septentrionales"><span lang="es" dir="auto">Dialectos castellanos septentrionales</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡斯特拉波方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Castrapo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡斯特拉波方言(页面不存在)">卡斯特拉波方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castrapo" class="extiw" title="en:Castrapo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Castrapo</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃斯特雷马杜拉西班牙语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Castúo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃斯特雷马杜拉西班牙语方言(页面不存在)">埃斯特雷马杜拉方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast%C3%BAo" class="extiw" title="en:Castúo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Castúo</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆尔西亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Murcian Spanish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E5%B0%94%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆尔西亚方言(页面不存在)">穆尔西亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murcian_Spanish" class="extiw" title="en:Murcian Spanish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Murcian Spanish</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菲律宾西班牙语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philippine Spanish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲律宾西班牙语(页面不存在)">菲律宾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Spanish" class="extiw" title="en:Philippine Spanish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philippine Spanish</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="撒哈拉西班牙语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Saharan Spanish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="撒哈拉西班牙语(页面不存在)">撒哈拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saharan_Spanish" class="extiw" title="en:Saharan Spanish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Saharan Spanish</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基于西班牙语的克里奥尔语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spanish-based creole languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基于西班牙语的克里奥尔语(页面不存在)">克里奥尔语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish-based_creole_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Spanish-based creole languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spanish-based creole languages</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="中世紀西班牙語">古西班牙語</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="莫扎拉布语">安达卢西亚罗曼语</a></i></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴兰库什方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Barranquenho"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%B0%E5%BA%93%E4%BB%80%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴兰库什方言(页面不存在)">巴兰库什方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barranquenho" class="extiw" title="en:Barranquenho"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Barranquenho</span></a></span>)</span></span> (葡萄牙语-西班牙语混合语)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="卡洛语">卡洛语</a> (罗姆语–伊比利亚罗曼语混合语)</li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纳瓦拉-阿拉贡语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Navarro-Aragonese"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89-%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳瓦拉-阿拉贡语(页面不存在)">纳瓦拉-阿拉贡语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" class="extiw" title="en:Navarro-Aragonese"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Navarro-Aragonese</span></a></span>)</span></span></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉贡语">阿拉贡语</a></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太阿拉贡语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judaeo-Aragonese"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太阿拉贡语(页面不存在)">犹太阿拉贡语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaeo-Aragonese" class="extiw" title="en:Judaeo-Aragonese"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judaeo-Aragonese</span></a></span>)</span></span></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B-%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="奥克-罗曼语支">奥克-罗曼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="加泰罗尼亚语">加泰罗尼亚语</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="加泰罗尼亚语方言">方言</a></li> <li>东部 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿尔盖罗方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Algherese dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%E7%BD%97%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿尔盖罗方言(页面不存在)">阿尔盖罗方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algherese_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Algherese dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Algherese dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴利阿里方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Balearic Catalan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴利阿里方言(页面不存在)">巴利阿里方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balearic_Catalan" class="extiw" title="en:Balearic Catalan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Balearic Catalan</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梅诺卡方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Menorcan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E8%AF%BA%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅诺卡方言(页面不存在)">梅诺卡方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menorcan" class="extiw" title="en:Menorcan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Menorcan</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中加泰罗尼亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Central Catalan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中加泰罗尼亚方言(页面不存在)">中加泰罗尼亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Catalan" class="extiw" title="en:Central Catalan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Central Catalan</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北加泰罗尼亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Northern Catalan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北加泰罗尼亚方言(页面不存在)">北加泰罗尼亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Catalan" class="extiw" title="en:Northern Catalan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Northern Catalan</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太加泰罗尼亚语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judaeo-Catalan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太加泰罗尼亚语(页面不存在)">犹太加泰罗尼亚语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaeo-Catalan" class="extiw" title="en:Judaeo-Catalan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judaeo-Catalan</span></a></span>)</span></span></i></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕图埃特方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Patuet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E5%9B%BE%E5%9F%83%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕图埃特方言(页面不存在)">帕图埃特方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patuet" class="extiw" title="en:Patuet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Patuet</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>西部 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="里瓦戈萨方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ribagorçan dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E7%93%A6%E6%88%88%E8%90%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里瓦戈萨方言(页面不存在)">里瓦戈萨方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribagor%C3%A7an_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Ribagorçan dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ribagorçan dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%80%AB%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="巴倫西亞語">巴倫西亞語</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="奥克语">奥克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%B6%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="奥弗涅方言">奥弗涅方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%B6%85%E8%AF%AD" title="加斯科涅语">加斯科涅语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿兰方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aranese dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿兰方言(页面不存在)">阿兰方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranese_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Aranese dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aranese dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E9%98%BF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="贝阿恩方言">贝阿恩方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朗德方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Landese dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%97%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朗德方言(页面不存在)">朗德方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landese_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Landese dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Landese dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太加斯科涅语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judeo-Gascon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%B6%85%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太加斯科涅语(页面不存在)">犹太加斯科涅语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" class="extiw" title="en:Judeo-Gascon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judeo-Gascon</span></a></span>)</span></span></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA-%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="犹太-普罗旺斯语">犹太普罗旺斯语</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%8B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="朗格多克方言">朗格多克方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%A9%86%E8%B5%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="利穆赞方言">利穆赞方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="普罗旺斯方言">普罗旺斯方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="尼斯方言">尼斯方言</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%93%A6%E8%B5%96-%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="维瓦赖-阿尔卑斯方言">维瓦赖-阿尔卑斯方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%93%A6%E8%B5%96-%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="维瓦赖-阿尔卑斯方言">维瓦赖-阿尔卑斯方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%92%E9%80%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="芒通方言">芒通方言</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古奥克语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Occitan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古奥克语(页面不存在)">古奥克语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Occitan" class="extiw" title="en:Old Occitan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Occitan</span></a></span>)</span></span></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="古加泰罗尼亚语">古加泰罗尼亚语</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A-%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="雷蒂亚-罗曼语支">雷蒂亚-罗曼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E7%95%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="弗留利语">弗留利语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="福尔尼方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fornes dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="福尔尼方言(页面不存在)">福尔尼方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornes_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Fornes dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fornes dialects</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="拉定语">拉定语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡多雷方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cadorino dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%9A%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡多雷方言(页面不存在)">卡多雷方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadorino_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Cadorino dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cadorino dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="农方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nones dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%9C%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="农方言(页面不存在)">农方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nones_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Nones dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nones dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E4%BB%80%E8%AF%AD" title="罗曼什语">罗曼什语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尧尔方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jauer dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A7%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尧尔方言(页面不存在)">尧尔方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jauer_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Jauer dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jauer dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="普泰尔方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Putèr"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%B0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普泰尔方言(页面不存在)">普泰尔方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Put%C3%A8r" class="extiw" title="en:Putèr"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Putèr</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏尔梅尔方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Surmiran dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏尔梅尔方言(页面不存在)">苏尔梅尔方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surmiran_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Surmiran dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Surmiran dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏尔塞尔瓦方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sursilvan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏尔塞尔瓦方言(页面不存在)">苏尔塞尔瓦方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sursilvan" class="extiw" title="en:Sursilvan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sursilvan</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦拉代尔方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vallader dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A3%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦拉代尔方言(页面不存在)">瓦拉代尔方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallader_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Vallader dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vallader dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地中海通用语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mediterranean Lingua Franca"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地中海通用语(页面不存在)">地中海通用语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Lingua_Franca" class="extiw" title="en:Mediterranean Lingua Franca"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mediterranean Lingua Franca</span></a></span>)</span></span></i> (基于西罗曼语的皮钦语)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="威尼斯語">威尼斯語</a> (进一步分类不明) <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奇皮洛方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chipilo Venetian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E7%9A%AE%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇皮洛方言(页面不存在)">奇皮洛方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipilo_Venetian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Chipilo Venetian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chipilo Venetian dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阜姆方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fiuman dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%9C%E5%A7%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阜姆方言(页面不存在)">阜姆方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiuman_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Fiuman dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fiuman dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塔利安方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Talian dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔利安方言(页面不存在)">塔利安方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Talian dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Talian dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="的里雅斯特方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Triestine dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8C%E9%9B%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="的里雅斯特方言(页面不存在)">的里雅斯特方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triestine_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Triestine dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Triestine dialect</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="非洲罗曼语">非洲罗曼语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="不列颠拉丁语">不列颠拉丁语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="潘诺尼亚罗曼语">潘诺尼亚罗曼语</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="薩丁尼亞語">薩丁尼亞語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E7%9A%AE%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="坎皮达诺方言">坎皮达诺方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%8F%A4%E5%A4%9A%E7%BD%97%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="洛古多罗方言">洛古多罗方言</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">重构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="原始罗曼语">原始罗曼语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>斜体</i> 表示<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1" title="語言滅亡">已滅亡語言</a>或古语</li><li><b>粗体</b> 表示<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="以母語人口排序的語言列表">使用人口超过500万的语言</a></li><li>括号内的语言表示变体。</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22px_22px_古罗马_22px_22px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #EEDDAA;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="Template:古罗马"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:古罗马(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:古罗马"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22px_22px_古罗马_22px_22px" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/22px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/33px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/44px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="221" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马">古罗马</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png/22px-Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png/33px-Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png/44px-Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="1120" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labarum_of_the_Roman_Empire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Labarum_of_the_Roman_Empire.png/22px-Labarum_of_the_Roman_Empire.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Labarum_of_the_Roman_Empire.png/33px-Labarum_of_the_Roman_Empire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Labarum_of_the_Roman_Empire.png/44px-Labarum_of_the_Roman_Empire.png 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="1023" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #EEDDAA;"><div><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬概況" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬概況(页面不存在)">古羅馬概況</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="古罗马年表">古罗马年表</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="羅馬歷史">歷史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B" title="罗马的建立">建国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬王國">王國</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="推翻羅馬君主制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Overthrow of the Roman monarchy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A8%E7%BF%BB%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="推翻羅馬君主制(页面不存在)">推翻王政</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Roman_monarchy" class="extiw" title="en:Overthrow of the Roman monarchy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Overthrow of the Roman monarchy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国">共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">帝國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="羅馬帝國歷史">帝國歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%96" title="罗马治世">罗马治世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" title="第一公民">第一公民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E5%88%B6" title="元首制">元首制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E9%82%A3%E7%89%B9%E5%88%B6" title="多米那特制">多米那特制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西羅馬帝國">西帝國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%B0%E8%90%BD" title="罗马帝国的衰落">衰落</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西羅馬帝國的沒落史學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%B2%92%E8%90%BD%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西羅馬帝國的沒落史學(页面不存在)">西帝國沒落史學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography_of_the_fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" class="extiw" title="en:Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東帝國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%B0%E8%90%BD" title="拜占庭帝國的衰落">拜占庭帝國的衰落</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B7%E8%90%BD" title="君士坦丁堡的陷落">君士坦丁堡的陷落</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="後羅馬帝國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Later Roman Empire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8C%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="後羅馬帝國(页面不存在)">後羅馬帝國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later_Roman_Empire" class="extiw" title="en:Later Roman Empire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Later Roman Empire</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="後羅馬帝國史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Later Roman Empire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8C%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="後羅馬帝國史(页面不存在)">後羅馬帝國史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Later_Roman_Empire" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Later Roman Empire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Later Roman Empire</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_SPQR_banner.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Roman_SPQR_banner.svg/222px-Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.png" decoding="async" width="222" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Roman_SPQR_banner.svg/333px-Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Roman_SPQR_banner.svg/444px-Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="229" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/222px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png" decoding="async" width="222" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/333px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/444px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png 2x" data-file-width="2534" data-file-height="1614" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue-Augustus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Statue-Augustus.jpg/222px-Statue-Augustus.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Statue-Augustus.jpg/333px-Statue-Augustus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Statue-Augustus.jpg/444px-Statue-Augustus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Constantine_Palaiologos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Constantine_Palaiologos.jpg/222px-Constantine_Palaiologos.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Constantine_Palaiologos.jpg/333px-Constantine_Palaiologos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Constantine_Palaiologos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="622" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马科技" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马科技(页面不存在)">科技</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Roman technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman technology</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="罗马数字">罗马数字</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬算術(页面不存在)">算術</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马珠算" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman abacus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%8F%A0%E7%AE%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马珠算(页面不存在)">珠算</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_abacus" class="extiw" title="en:Roman abacus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman abacus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马土木工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马土木工程(页面不存在)">土木工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Roman engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman engineering</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬和拜占庭圓頂的歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Roman and Byzantine domes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%92%8C%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%93%E9%A0%82%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬和拜占庭圓頂的歷史(页面不存在)">圓頂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_domes" class="extiw" title="en:History of Roman and Byzantine domes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Roman and Byzantine domes</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93" title="古羅馬水道">水道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="羅馬道路">道路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%A5%9E%E5%BA%99" title="古罗马神庙">神殿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%A9%8B%E6%A8%91" title="羅馬橋樑">橋樑</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬船舶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ships of ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%88%B9%E8%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬船舶(页面不存在)">古羅馬船舶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ships_of_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Ships of ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ships of ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4" title="羅馬劇場">劇場</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬露天劇場" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman amphitheatre"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%9C%B2%E5%A4%A9%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬露天劇場(页面不存在)">露天劇場</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_amphitheatre" class="extiw" title="en:Roman amphitheatre"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman amphitheatre</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马军事工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman military engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马军事工程(页面不存在)">軍工</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_military_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Roman military engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman military engineering</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬軍事技術史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Technological history of the Roman military"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬軍事技術史(页面不存在)">軍事技術史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_history_of_the_Roman_military" class="extiw" title="en:Technological history of the Roman military"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Technological history of the Roman military</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马渡槽" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman aqueducts"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%B8%A1%E6%A7%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马渡槽(页面不存在)">渡槽</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_aqueducts" class="extiw" title="en:Roman aqueducts"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman aqueducts</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马冶金" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman metallurgy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马冶金(页面不存在)">冶金</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_metallurgy" class="extiw" title="en:Roman metallurgy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman metallurgy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马混凝土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman concrete"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马混凝土(页面不存在)">混凝土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_concrete" class="extiw" title="en:Roman concrete"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman concrete</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬衛生" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sanitation in ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬衛生(页面不存在)">衛生</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Sanitation in ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sanitation in ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬馬戲團" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman circus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B2%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬馬戲團(页面不存在)">馬戲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_circus" class="extiw" title="en:Roman circus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman circus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬社會階級" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Social class in ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬社會階級(页面不存在)">階級</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_class_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Social class in ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Social class in ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC)" title="贵族 (古罗马)">古羅馬貴族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91_(%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC)" title="平民 (古羅馬)">古羅馬平民</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬階級鬥爭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Conflict of the Orders"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E9%AC%A5%E7%88%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬階級鬥爭(页面不存在)">古羅馬階級鬥爭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_of_the_Orders" class="extiw" title="en:Conflict of the Orders"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Conflict of the Orders</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91%E8%84%B1%E7%A6%BB" title="平民脱离">平民脱离</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" title="羅馬騎士階級">羅馬騎士階級</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬氏族" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gens"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B0%8F%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬氏族(页面不存在)">古羅馬氏族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gens" class="extiw" title="en:Gens"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gens</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬資助" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Patronage in ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%B3%87%E5%8A%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬資助(页面不存在)">資助、贊助</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patronage_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Patronage in ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Patronage in ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="罗马人民大会">罗马人民大会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="古羅馬人名">古羅馬人名</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬婦女" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Women in ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬婦女(页面不存在)">婦女</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Women in ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Women in ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="婚姻">婚姻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%98%E9%A4%8A%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="古代羅馬的領養制度">領養制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80" title="古羅馬同性戀">同性戀</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬奴隸制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavery in ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬奴隸制(页面不存在)">奴隸制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Slavery in ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavery in ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%AB%98%E9%81%94%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="巴高達運動">巴高達運動</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;">對外</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬外交(页面不存在)">外交</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D%E5%92%8C%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="汉朝和罗马的关系">漢朝</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度和罗马的关系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indo-Roman relations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%92%8C%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度和罗马的关系(页面不存在)">印度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Roman_relations" class="extiw" title="en:Indo-Roman relations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indo-Roman relations</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%8E%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="希伯尼亚与罗马的关系">愛爾蘭</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="希伯尼亞">希伯尼亞</a>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼-羅馬接觸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic-Roman contacts"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC-%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼-羅馬接觸(页面不存在)">日耳曼、北欧</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic-Roman_contacts" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic-Roman contacts"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic-Roman contacts</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E5%B8%83%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E8%B7%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%A6#罗马人" title="哥伦布时代前的跨大洋接触">美洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%88%A9%E8%84%B1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7%E5%91%A8%E8%88%AA%E8%AE%B0" title="爱利脱利亚海周航记">索马里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%80%83%E5%AF%9F" title="非洲地理考察">撒哈拉以南非洲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="古羅馬軍事">軍事</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2" title="古罗马军事史">军事史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9%E5%8F%B2" title="羅馬戰役史">戰役史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2" title="古罗马军事结构发展史">结构发展史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马军事科技史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Technological history of the Roman military"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马军事科技史(页面不存在)">军事科技发展史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_history_of_the_Roman_military" class="extiw" title="en:Technological history of the Roman military"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Technological history of the Roman military</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马军事政治史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Political history of the Roman military"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马军事政治史(页面不存在)">軍政史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_history_of_the_Roman_military" class="extiw" title="en:Political history of the Roman military"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Political history of the Roman military</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%95%8C%E7%89%86" title="羅馬帝國界牆">界墙</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬共和國的軍事建設" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military establishment of the Roman Republic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬共和國的軍事建設(页面不存在)">建軍</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_establishment_of_the_Roman_Republic" class="extiw" title="en:Military establishment of the Roman Republic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military establishment of the Roman Republic</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2" title="古罗马军事结构发展史">结构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E5%92%8C%E9%98%B2%E5%BE%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%8B" title="罗马军事边界和防御工事">前沿和防御工事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B5%E8%90%A5" title="古罗马兵营">兵营</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬軍隊戰略(页面不存在)">戰略</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马军事工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman military engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马军事工程(页面不存在)">工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_military_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Roman military engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman military engineering</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="羅馬陸軍">陸軍</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2" title="罗马军团">军团</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%AD%A5%E5%85%B5%E6%88%B0%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬步兵戰術(页面不存在)">步兵戰術</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马单兵装备" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman military personal equipment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%95%E5%85%B5%E8%A3%85%E5%A4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马单兵装备(页面不存在)">单兵装备</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_military_personal_equipment" class="extiw" title="en:Roman military personal equipment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman military personal equipment</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%99%86%E5%86%9B%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="古罗马陆军单位类型列表">陸軍單位類型列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%94%BB%E5%9F%8E%E5%99%A8%E6%A2%B0" title="古罗马攻城器械">攻城器械</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬圍城歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Siege (Roman history)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬圍城歷史(页面不存在)">圍城史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_(Roman_history)" class="extiw" title="en:Siege (Roman history)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Siege (Roman history)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="羅馬海軍">海軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E5%8A%A9%E8%BB%8D_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="輔助軍 (羅馬帝國)">輔助軍</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马军队嘉奖与处罚" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman military decorations and punishments"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F%E5%98%89%E5%A5%96%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%84%E7%BD%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马军队嘉奖与处罚(页面不存在)">嘉奖与处罚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_military_decorations_and_punishments" class="extiw" title="en:Roman military decorations and punishments"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman military decorations and punishments</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬戰爭列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Roman wars and battles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬戰爭列表(页面不存在)">戰爭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_wars_and_battles" class="extiw" title="en:List of Roman wars and battles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Roman wars and battles</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="罗马战役列表">戰役列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="拉丁同盟">拉丁同盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="拉丁战争">拉丁战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%8E%AB%E5%A5%88%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="萨莫奈战争">萨莫奈战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8C%BF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="布匿战争">布匿战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="羅馬奴隸起義">羅馬奴隸起義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B6%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="第一次西西里奴隶起义">西西里一次</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B6%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="第二次西西里奴隶起义">西西里二次</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="斯巴达克斯起义">斯巴达克斯起义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="猶太-羅馬戰爭">猶太-羅馬戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E8%80%85%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD_(%E5%89%8D91%E8%87%B3%E5%89%8D88%E5%B9%B4)" title="同盟者戰爭 (前91至前88年)">同盟者戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="凯撒内战">凯撒内战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E8%80%85%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="解放者内战">解放者内战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E8%88%88%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="亞克興戰爭">亞克興戰爭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Campanha de Perúsia" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Campanha de Perúsia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campanha_de_Per%C3%BAsia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campanha de Perúsia(页面不存在)">Campanha de Perúsia</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanha_de_Per%C3%BAsia" class="extiw" title="pt:Campanha de Perúsia"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Campanha de Perúsia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E6%B4%9B%E5%A3%AB%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="皮洛士戰爭">皮洛士戰爭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西西里起義" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Revolta siciliana"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西西里起義(页面不存在)">西西里起義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolta_siciliana" class="extiw" title="pt:Revolta siciliana"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Revolta siciliana</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="罗马征服伊比利亚半岛">罗马征服伊比利亚半岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%A1%94%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="坎塔布里亚战争">坎塔布里亚战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E9%81%94%E6%A2%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="米特里達梯戰爭">米特里達梯戰爭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="龐培鎮壓海盜" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Campanha de Pompeu contra os piratas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BE%90%E5%9F%B9%E9%8E%AE%E5%A3%93%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="龐培鎮壓海盜(页面不存在)">龐培鎮壓海盜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanha_de_Pompeu_contra_os_piratas" class="extiw" title="pt:Campanha de Pompeu contra os piratas"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Campanha de Pompeu contra os piratas</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="高盧戰爭">高盧戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E6%92%92%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0" title="凯撒入侵不列颠">凯撒入侵不列颠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B" title="羅馬征服不列顛">羅馬征服不列顛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%8F%A4%E8%BE%BE%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="朱古达战争">朱古达战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Category:古罗马战争模板">古羅馬戰爭模板類別</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%B3%95" title="罗马法">法律</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%B3%95" title="罗马法">權利</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" title="羅馬公民">羅馬公民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" title="狄奥多西法典">狄奥多西法典</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8" title="民法大全">民法大全</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%E6%95%95%E4%BB%A4" title="安东尼努斯敕令">安东尼努斯敕令</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="君士坦丁敕令" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Édito de Constantino"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E6%95%95%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="君士坦丁敕令(页面不存在)">君士坦丁敕令</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89dito_de_Constantino" class="extiw" title="pt:Édito de Constantino"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Édito de Constantino</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E6%95%95%E4%BB%A4_(%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81)" title="米兰敕令 (君士坦丁)">米兰敕令 (君士坦丁)</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E6%9D%83" title="帝权">帝权</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95" title="万民法">万民法</a>》<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E6%B3%95" title="日耳曼法">日耳曼法</a>》</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡努勒亞法" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Lei Canuleia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%8A%AA%E5%8B%92%E4%BA%9E%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡努勒亞法(页面不存在)">卡努勒亞法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_Canuleia" class="extiw" title="pt:Lei Canuleia"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Lei Canuleia</span></a></span>)</span></span>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E9%93%9C%E8%A1%A8%E6%B3%95" title="十二铜表法">十二铜表法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="里奇諾-塞克斯蒂安法" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Lei Licínia Sêxtia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E8%AB%BE-%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里奇諾-塞克斯蒂安法(页面不存在)">里奇諾-塞克斯蒂安法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_Lic%C3%ADnia_S%C3%AAxtia" class="extiw" title="pt:Lei Licínia Sêxtia"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Lei Licínia Sêxtia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="霍滕斯法" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Lex Hortensia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E6%BB%95%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍滕斯法(页面不存在)">霍滕斯法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Hortensia" class="extiw" title="pt:Lex Hortensia"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Lex Hortensia</span></a></span>)</span></span>》</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="元老院協商" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Senatus consultum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%83%E8%80%81%E9%99%A2%E5%8D%94%E5%95%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="元老院協商(页面不存在)">元老院協商</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senatus_consultum" class="extiw" title="pt:Senatus consultum"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Senatus consultum</span></a></span>)</span></span>》</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%AE%97%E6%88%90%E6%B3%95" title="祖宗成法">祖法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AE%AA%E6%94%BF" title="罗马宪政">憲政</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马宪政史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Roman Constitution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AE%AA%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马宪政史(页面不存在)">憲政史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Constitution" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Roman Constitution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Roman Constitution</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马王国宪政" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Constitution of the Roman Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%94%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马王国宪政(页面不存在)">王國憲政</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Roman_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Constitution of the Roman Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Constitution of the Roman Kingdom</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马共和国宪政" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Constitution of the Roman Republic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%94%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马共和国宪政(页面不存在)">共和國憲政</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Roman_Republic" class="extiw" title="en:Constitution of the Roman Republic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Constitution of the Roman Republic</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马帝国宪政" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Constitution of the Roman Empire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%94%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马帝国宪政(页面不存在)">帝國憲政</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="extiw" title="en:Constitution of the Roman Empire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Constitution of the Roman Empire</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="後羅馬帝國憲政" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Constitution of the Late Roman Empire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8C%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%94%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="後羅馬帝國憲政(页面不存在)">後帝國憲政</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Late_Roman_Empire" class="extiw" title="en:Constitution of the Late Roman Empire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Constitution of the Late Roman Empire</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li>憲法 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬王國憲法" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Constituição do Reino de Roma"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬王國憲法(页面不存在)">王國憲法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Reino_de_Roma" class="extiw" title="pt:Constituição do Reino de Roma"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Constituição do Reino de Roma</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬共和國憲法" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Constituição da República Romana"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬共和國憲法(页面不存在)">共和國憲法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" class="extiw" title="pt:Constituição da República Romana"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Constituição da República Romana</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬帝國憲法" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Constituição do Império Romano"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬帝國憲法(页面不存在)">帝國憲法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano" class="extiw" title="pt:Constituição do Império Romano"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Constituição do Império Romano</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多米納托憲法" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Constituição do Dominato"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E7%B4%8D%E6%89%98%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多米納托憲法(页面不存在)">多米納托憲法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Dominato" class="extiw" title="pt:Constituição do Dominato"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Constituição do Dominato</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%83%E8%80%81%E9%99%A2" title="羅馬元老院">元老院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="羅馬皇帝">羅馬皇帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="罗马人民大会">人民大會</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="库里亚大会">库里亚大会</a>区会议</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E9%83%BD%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="森都利亚大会">百人队会议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="罗马人民大会">羅馬會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%97%8F%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="部族会议">部族会议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="平民會議">平民會議</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="羅馬帝國政府">政府</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="教廷">教廷</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公共集会场所 (罗马)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forum (Roman)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%BA%E6%89%80_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公共集会场所 (罗马)(页面不存在)">公共集会场所</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_(Roman)" class="extiw" title="en:Forum (Roman)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forum (Roman)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E5%8D%87%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB" title="晉升體系">晉升體系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%B2%BB" title="共治">共治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="羅馬皇帝">皇帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF" title="雷加圖斯">使者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E7%9D%A3_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="都督 (罗马帝国)">都督</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬職事" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Officium (Ancient Rome)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%81%B7%E4%BA%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬職事(页面不存在)">職事</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officium_(Ancient_Rome)" class="extiw" title="en:Officium (Ancient Rome)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Officium (Ancient Rome)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬提督" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prefect#Ancient_Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%8F%90%E7%9D%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬提督(页面不存在)">提督</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefect#Ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Prefect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prefect#Ancient_Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牧師 (羅馬安提加)" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Vigário (Roma Antiga)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AE%89%E6%8F%90%E5%8A%A0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牧師 (羅馬安提加)(页面不存在)">牧師</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vig%C3%A1rio_(Roma_Antiga)" class="extiw" title="pt:Vigário (Roma Antiga)"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Vigário (Roma Antiga)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="代理官 (古羅馬)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vicarius"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E5%AE%98_(%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="代理官 (古羅馬)(页面不存在)">代理官</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicarius" class="extiw" title="en:Vicarius"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vicarius</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9C%98" title="二十六人團">二十六人團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%80%E6%96%A7%E6%89%8B" title="刀斧手">刀斧手</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BD%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A" title="英白拉多">英白拉多</a>(凱旋將軍)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戰士之師" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Magister militum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B0%E5%A3%AB%E4%B9%8B%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戰士之師(页面不存在)">戰士之師</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magister_militum" class="extiw" title="en:Magister militum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Magister militum</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E8%80%81" title="首席元老">首席元老</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%99%9F)" title="奧古斯都 (稱號)">奧古斯都</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E6%92%92_(%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%94)" title="凯撒 (头衔)">凱撒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8_(%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC)" title="大祭司 (古罗马)">大祭司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E6%92%92_(%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%94)" title="凯撒 (头衔)">凯撒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%99%9F)" title="奧古斯都 (稱號)">奥古斯都</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B8%9D%E5%85%B1%E6%B2%BB%E5%88%B6" title="四帝共治制">四帝共治制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" title="罗马行省">行省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F%E6%B4%BE" title="貴族派">貴族派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91%E6%B4%BE" title="平民派">平民派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E6%92%92%E9%81%87%E5%88%BA%E6%A1%88" title="尤利烏斯·凱撒遇刺案">凱撒刺案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E5%8D%AB%E5%86%9B%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%98" title="禁卫军长官">禁卫军長官</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Category:古罗马列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Category:Ancient Rome-related lists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:古罗马列表(页面不存在)">列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancient_Rome-related_lists" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Ancient Rome-related lists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Category:Ancient Rome-related lists</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬國王列表" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="lista de reis de Roma"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬國王列表(页面不存在)">國王列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/lista_de_reis_de_Roma" class="extiw" title="pt:lista de reis de Roma"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">lista de reis de Roma</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%89%A7%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="罗马共和国执政官列表">共和國執政官列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="羅馬皇帝列表">皇帝列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%8E%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="罗马与拜占庭皇后列表">皇后列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬篡位者列表" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="lista de usurpadores romanos"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%AF%A1%E4%BD%8D%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬篡位者列表(页面不存在)">篡位者列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/lista_de_usurpadores_romanos" class="extiw" title="pt:lista de usurpadores romanos"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">lista de usurpadores romanos</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%8B%99%E5%AE%98_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC)" title="政務官 (羅馬)">政務官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E%E8%AD%B0%E4%BA%8B%E5%A0%82" title="赫斯提亞議事堂">赫斯提亞議事堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%A3%E5%A0%B4" title="古羅馬廣場">古羅馬廣場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%BB%BA%E5%9F%8E%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4" title="罗马建城纪年">罗马建城纪年</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%8B%99%E5%AE%98_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC)" title="政務官 (羅馬)">政務</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E5%8D%87%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB" title="晉升體系">正常</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%A7%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%98" title="罗马执政官">執政官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98" title="監察官">監察官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E5%AE%98" title="羅馬民選官">民選官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B7%E6%B0%91%E5%AE%98" title="護民官">護民官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91%E4%BF%9D%E6%B0%91%E5%AE%98" title="平民保民官">平民保民官</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軍事護民官" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military tribune"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E8%AD%B7%E6%B0%91%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軍事護民官(页面不存在)">軍事護民官</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_tribune" class="extiw" title="en:Military tribune"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military tribune</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E5%8B%99%E5%AE%98" title="財務官">財務官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%98" title="市政官">市政官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E5%AE%98" title="裁判官">裁判官</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="臨時行政官" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Promagistrate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="臨時行政官(页面不存在)">臨時行政官</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promagistrate" class="extiw" title="en:Promagistrate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Promagistrate</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3" title="羅馬總督">總督</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E5%8D%87%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB" title="晉升體系">晉升體系</a>》(《榮耀航程》)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;">特别</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E8%A3%81%E5%AE%98" title="獨裁官">獨裁官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98" title="騎士統領">騎士統領</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="十人委員會">十人委員會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="執政護民官" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tribuni militum consulari potestate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%B7%E6%94%BF%E8%AD%B7%E6%B0%91%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="執政護民官(页面不存在)">執政護民官</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribuni_militum_consulari_potestate" class="extiw" title="en:Tribuni militum consulari potestate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tribuni militum consulari potestate</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%A0%AD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="三頭政治">三頭政治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B" title="罗马国王">罗马国王</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中間國王" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Inter-rei"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%96%93%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中間國王(页面不存在)">中間國王</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-rei" class="extiw" title="pt:Inter-rei"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Inter-rei</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="臨時攝政者" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Interrex"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E6%94%9D%E6%94%BF%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="臨時攝政者(页面不存在)">臨時攝政者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrex" class="extiw" title="en:Interrex"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Interrex</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马经济" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman economy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬經濟">經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_economy" class="extiw" title="en:Roman economy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman economy</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="古羅馬農業">農業</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬時期的森林砍伐" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Deforestation during the Roman period"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E7%A0%8D%E4%BC%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬時期的森林砍伐(页面不存在)">伐林</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation_during_the_Roman_period" class="extiw" title="en:Deforestation during the Roman period"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Deforestation during the Roman period</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马商业" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman commerce"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马商业(页面不存在)">商业</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_commerce" class="extiw" title="en:Roman commerce"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman commerce</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马财政" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman finance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E8%B4%A2%E6%94%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马财政(页面不存在)">财政</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_finance" class="extiw" title="en:Roman finance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman finance</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬貨幣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman currency"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬貨幣(页面不存在)">貨幣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_currency" class="extiw" title="en:Roman currency"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman currency</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬共和國貨幣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman Republican currency"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬共和國貨幣(页面不存在)">共和國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republican_currency" class="extiw" title="en:Roman Republican currency"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman Republican currency</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬帝國貨幣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman Imperial currency"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬帝國貨幣(页面不存在)">帝國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Imperial_currency" class="extiw" title="en:Roman Imperial currency"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman Imperial currency</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉丁语历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Latin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉丁语历史(页面不存在)">拉丁语历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Latin" class="extiw" title="en:History of Latin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Latin</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%94%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="古體拉丁語">古體拉丁語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="古典拉丁語">古典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="通俗拉丁语">通俗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="晚期拉丁语">晚期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="中世纪拉丁语">中世纪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="文藝復興拉丁語">文艺复兴时期的拉丁语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="新拉丁语">新拉丁语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="现代拉丁语">现代拉丁语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="教会拉丁语">教会拉丁语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="古羅馬文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SPQR" title="SPQR">SPQR</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬教育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Education in ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬教育(页面不存在)">教育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Education in ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Education in ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬學校(页面不存在)">學校</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="古罗马文学">文学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="古羅馬藝術">古羅馬藝術</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬雕塑" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Escultura da Roma Antiga"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬雕塑(页面不存在)">雕塑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escultura_da_Roma_Antiga" class="extiw" title="pt:Escultura da Roma Antiga"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Escultura da Roma Antiga</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬音樂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Music of ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬音樂(页面不存在)">音樂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Music of ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Music of ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="古羅馬建築">建築</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%A5%9E%E5%BA%99" title="古罗马神庙">神庙</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬沐浴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Roman bathing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B2%90%E6%B5%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬沐浴(页面不存在)">沐浴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Roman_bathing" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Roman bathing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Roman bathing</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%B5%B4%E5%9C%BA" title="古罗马浴场">公共浴场</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="露天圆形竞技场" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Circus (building)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%B2%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%86%E5%BD%A2%E7%AB%9E%E6%8A%80%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="露天圆形竞技场(页面不存在)">露天圆形竞技场</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circus_(building)" class="extiw" title="en:Circus (building)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Circus (building)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="古羅馬宗教">宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="罗马神话">神話</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬神明列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Roman deities"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%8E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬神明列表(页面不存在)">神明列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_deities" class="extiw" title="en:List of Roman deities"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Roman deities</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马丧葬" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman funerals and burial"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%A7%E8%91%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马丧葬(页面不存在)">丧葬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_funerals_and_burial" class="extiw" title="en:Roman funerals and burial"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman funerals and burial</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬宗教迫害(页面不存在)">迫害</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%9D%E7%8E%8B%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C_(%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帝王崇拜 (古羅馬)(页面不存在)">帝王崇拜</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬帝國崇拜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman imperial cult"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬帝國崇拜(页面不存在)">帝國崇拜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" class="extiw" title="en:Roman imperial cult"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman imperial cult</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬民間傳說" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman folklore"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬民間傳說(页面不存在)">民間傳說</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_folklore" class="extiw" title="en:Roman folklore"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman folklore</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬遺產" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Legado romano"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬遺產(页面不存在)">古羅馬遺產</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legado_romano" class="extiw" title="pt:Legado romano"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Legado romano</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬盛典" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spectacles in ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9B%9B%E5%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬盛典(页面不存在)">盛典</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectacles_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Spectacles in ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spectacles in ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%AF%80%E6%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬節日(页面不存在)">節日</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬節日列表" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Lista de festivais da Roma Antiga"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%AF%80%E6%97%A5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬節日列表(页面不存在)">節日列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_festivais_da_Roma_Antiga" class="extiw" title="pt:Lista de festivais da Roma Antiga"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Lista de festivais da Roma Antiga</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F" title="古罗马饮食">飲食</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%8E%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92" title="古罗马与葡萄酒">葡萄酒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87" title="古羅馬戲劇">戏剧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%9C%8D%E9%A5%B0" title="古罗马服饰">服饰</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%A6%86%E4%B9%A0%E4%BF%97" title="古罗马化妆习俗">化妆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬髮型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman hairstyles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%AB%AE%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬髮型(页面不存在)">髮型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_hairstyles" class="extiw" title="en:Roman hairstyles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman hairstyles</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马公共集会场所" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forum (Roman)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%BA%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马公共集会场所(页面不存在)">公共集会场所</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_(Roman)" class="extiw" title="en:Forum (Roman)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forum (Roman)</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬劇場" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theatre of ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬劇場(页面不存在)">劇場</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Theatre of ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theatre of ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬性交易" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prostitution in ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬性交易(页面不存在)">性交易</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Prostitution in ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prostitution in ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬的玩具和遊戲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Toys and games in ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%84%E7%8E%A9%E5%85%B7%E5%92%8C%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬的玩具和遊戲(页面不存在)">玩具、遊戲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toys_and_games_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Toys and games in ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Toys and games in ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96_(%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96)" title="羅馬化 (文化)">羅馬化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%9B%86" title="儒略曆">儒略曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%86" title="羅馬曆">羅馬曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="罗马人">罗马人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%BC%8F%E6%95%AC%E7%A6%AE" title="羅馬式敬禮">羅馬式敬禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F" title="古罗马饮食">古罗马饮食</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="古羅馬建築">建築</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬渡槽" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Aqueduto romano"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B8%A1%E6%A7%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬渡槽(页面不存在)">羅馬渡槽</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueduto_romano" class="extiw" title="pt:Aqueduto romano"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Aqueduto romano</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E6%97%8B%E9%97%A8" title="凯旋门">凯旋门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%89%E9%81%93%E8%80%85%E5%A2%93%E7%AA%9F" title="殉道者墓窟">殉道者墓窟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93" title="馬克西姆下水道">馬克西姆下水道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="羅馬道路">羅馬道路</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬噴泉列表" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Lista de fontes de Roma"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%99%B4%E6%B3%89%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬噴泉列表(页面不存在)">羅馬噴泉列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_fontes_de_Roma" class="extiw" title="pt:Lista de fontes de Roma"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Lista de fontes de Roma</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E8%AD%B0%E4%BA%8B%E5%BB%A3%E5%A0%B4" title="帝國議事廣場">帝國議事廣場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8B%92%E8%89%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="奥勒良城墙">奥勒良城墙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E8%89%AF%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="哈德良长城">哈德良长城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%AE%81%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="安多宁长城">安多宁长城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%BB%B4%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="塞维安城墙">塞维安城墙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E5%B0%96%E7%A2%91" title="羅馬的方尖碑">羅馬的方尖碑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%A1%A5%E6%A2%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="罗马桥梁列表">罗马桥梁列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Lista de praças de Roma" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Lista de praças de Roma"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_de_pra%C3%A7as_de_Roma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista de praças de Roma(页面不存在)">Praças</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_pra%C3%A7as_de_Roma" class="extiw" title="pt:Lista de praças de Roma"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Lista de praças de Roma</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4" title="羅馬劇場">羅馬劇場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%A5%9E%E5%BA%99" title="古罗马神庙">古罗马神庙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%B5%B4%E5%9C%BA" title="古罗马浴场">古罗马浴场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A5%E5%A2%85" title="羅馬別墅">羅馬別墅</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="古罗马文学">文學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="古罗马文学">古羅馬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%B3%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF" title="埃利乌斯·多纳图斯">埃利乌斯·多纳图斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E9%98%BF%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%88%87%E5%88%A9%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="阿米阿努斯·馬爾切利努斯">阿米阿努斯·馬爾切利努斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%99%AE%E5%88%97%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF" title="阿普列尤斯">阿普列尤斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%BC%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E7%8B%84%E4%BA%9A%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="阿斯库尼乌斯·佩狄亚努斯">阿斯库尼乌斯·佩狄亚努斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">希波的奥古斯丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%9A_(%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC)" title="维克多 (古罗马)">维克多 (古罗马)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%BC%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="马格努斯·奥索尼乌斯">马格努斯·奥索尼乌斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%B1%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" title="波爱修斯">波爱修斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E6%92%92" title="尤利烏斯·凱撒">尤利烏斯·凱撒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF" title="卡图卢斯">卡图卢斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="卡西奥多罗斯">卡西奥多罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="肯索里努斯">肯索里努斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A1%9E%E7%BD%97" title="西塞罗">西塞罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E7%8B%84%E5%AE%89" title="克劳狄安">克劳狄安</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%B2%81%E8%BF%88%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="科鲁迈拉">科鲁迈拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%88%E5%88%A9%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%88%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF" title="科爾奈利烏斯·奈波斯">科爾奈利烏斯·奈波斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="昆图斯·恩纽斯">昆图斯·恩纽斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%AE%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="欧特罗皮乌斯">欧特罗皮乌斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E8%BE%B9%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94" title="昆图斯·费边·皮克托尔">昆图斯·费边·皮克托尔</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞克斯圖斯·龐培·非斯都" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sextus Pompeius Festus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BE%90%E5%9F%B9%C2%B7%E9%9D%9E%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞克斯圖斯·龐培·非斯都(页面不存在)">塞克斯圖斯·龐培·非斯都</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextus_Pompeius_Festus" class="extiw" title="en:Sextus Pompeius Festus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sextus Pompeius Festus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="魯弗斯·費斯圖斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Festus (historian)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%AF%E5%BC%97%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魯弗斯·費斯圖斯(页面不存在)">魯弗斯·費斯圖斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festus_(historian)" class="extiw" title="en:Festus (historian)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Festus (historian)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E7%BD%97%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF" title="弗罗鲁斯">弗罗鲁斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E6%8F%90%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="弗朗提努斯">弗朗提努斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E6%89%98" title="弗朗托">弗朗托</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Fabius Planciades Fulgentius" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fabius Planciades Fulgentius"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabius_Planciades_Fulgentius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabius Planciades Fulgentius(页面不存在)">Fulgentius</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabius_Planciades_Fulgentius" class="extiw" title="en:Fabius Planciades Fulgentius"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fabius Planciades Fulgentius</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF" title="格利烏斯">格利烏斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BA%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="贺拉斯">贺拉斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Hydatius" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hydatius"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydatius(页面不存在)">Hydatius</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydatius" class="extiw" title="en:Hydatius"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hydatius</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B8%E7%99%B8%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="许癸努斯">许癸努斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E6%9F%94%E7%B1%B3" title="耶柔米">耶柔米</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="约达尼斯">约达尼斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BF%9D%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF" title="尤利乌斯·保卢斯">尤利乌斯·保卢斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%A3%AB%E4%B8%81_(%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="查士丁 (历史学家)">查士丁 (历史学家)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="尤维纳利斯">尤维纳利斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%9D%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="拉克坦提乌斯">拉克坦提乌斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E7%BB%B4" title="蒂托·李维">蒂托·李维</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E5%9D%8E" title="盧坎">盧坎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E4%BF%AE" title="卢克莱修">卢克莱修</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%94%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="马克罗比乌斯">马克罗比乌斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬塞勒斯·恩皮里庫斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marcellus Empiricus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%A1%9E%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E7%9A%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬塞勒斯·恩皮里庫斯(页面不存在)">馬塞勒斯·恩皮里庫斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcellus_Empiricus" class="extiw" title="en:Marcellus Empiricus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marcellus Empiricus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%97%E9%87%8C%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF" title="馬爾庫斯·奧列里烏斯">馬爾庫斯·奧列里烏斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BA%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="马库斯·曼尼里乌斯">马库斯·曼尼里乌斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%94" title="马提亚尔">马提亚尔</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大馬士革的尼古拉斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nicolaus of Damascus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大馬士革的尼古拉斯(页面不存在)">大馬士革的尼古拉斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_of_Damascus" class="extiw" title="en:Nicolaus of Damascus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nicolaus of Damascus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%BC%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF" title="诺尼乌斯·马克卢斯">诺尼乌斯·马克卢斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Julius Obsequens" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Julius Obsequens"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Obsequens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Obsequens(页面不存在)">Obsequens</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Obsequens" class="extiw" title="en:Julius Obsequens"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Julius Obsequens</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E7%BD%97%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" title="保卢斯·奥罗修斯">保卢斯·奥罗修斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%B6%AD%E5%BE%B7" title="奧維德">奧維德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E5%8E%84%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E5%B0%BC%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9" title="蓋厄斯·佩特羅尼烏斯·阿爾比特">蓋厄斯·佩特羅尼烏斯·阿爾比特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85" title="斐德羅">斐德羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%8A%B3%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF" title="普劳图斯">普劳图斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC" title="老普林尼">老普林尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC" title="小普林尼">小普林尼</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pomponius Mela" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pomponius Mela"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomponius_Mela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomponius Mela(页面不存在)">Pomponius Mela</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomponius_Mela" class="extiw" title="en:Pomponius Mela"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pomponius Mela</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89" title="普里西安">普里西安</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E4%BD%A9%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="普罗佩提乌斯">普罗佩提乌斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quintus_Claudius_Quadrigarius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius(页面不存在)">Quadrigarius</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintus_Claudius_Quadrigarius" class="extiw" title="en:Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E6%8F%90%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89" title="昆提利安">昆提利安</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%8F%90%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%AD%AF%E7%A6%8F%E6%96%AF" title="昆圖斯·庫爾提烏斯·魯福斯">昆圖斯·庫爾提烏斯·魯福斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="撒路斯提乌斯">撒路斯提乌斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%A1%9E%E5%86%85%E5%8D%A1" title="老塞内卡">老塞内卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%A7%E5%8D%A1" title="塞內卡">塞內卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF" title="莫鲁斯·塞尔维乌斯·诺拉图斯">莫鲁斯·塞尔维乌斯·诺拉图斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B8%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E7%BA%B3%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" title="圣希多尼乌斯·阿波利纳里斯">圣希多尼乌斯·阿波利纳里斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E6%96%AF" title="西利乌斯·伊塔利库斯">西利乌斯·伊塔利库斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="斯塔提乌斯">斯塔提乌斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%9F%83%E6%89%98%E5%B0%BC%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="苏埃托尼乌斯">苏埃托尼乌斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E9%A9%AC%E5%BA%93%E6%96%AF" title="叙马库斯">叙马库斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E8%A5%BF%E4%BD%97" title="塔西佗">塔西陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E4%BC%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="泰伦提乌斯">泰伦提乌斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%9C%9F%E8%89%AF" title="特土良">特土良</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF" title="提布鲁斯">提布鲁斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B1%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF" title="瓦莱里乌斯·安提亚斯">瓦莱里乌斯·安提亚斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B1%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF" title="瓦莱里乌斯·马克西姆斯">瓦莱里乌斯·马克西姆斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E5%80%AB%E6%8F%90%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E7%BE%85" title="馬庫斯·特倫提烏斯·瓦羅">馬庫斯·特倫提烏斯·瓦羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E8%8E%B1%E4%BC%8A%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF" title="维莱伊乌斯·帕特尔库鲁斯">维莱伊乌斯·帕特尔库鲁斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Verrius Flaccus" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Verrius Flaccus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verrius_Flaccus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verrius Flaccus(页面不存在)">Verrius Flaccus</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verrius_Flaccus" class="extiw" title="en:Verrius Flaccus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Verrius Flaccus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="维吉尔">维吉尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9%E9%B2%81%E5%A8%81" title="维特鲁威">维特鲁威</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="古希腊文学">古希臘</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="埃里亚努斯">埃里亚努斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿米達的埃提烏斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aëtius of Amida"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E9%81%94%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%83%E6%8F%90%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿米達的埃提烏斯(页面不存在)">阿米達的埃提烏斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%ABtius_of_Amida" class="extiw" title="en:Aëtius of Amida"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aëtius of Amida</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BA%87%E5%AE%89" title="阿庇安">阿庇安</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" title="阿里安">阿里安</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A5" title="卡西乌斯·狄奥">卡西乌斯·狄奥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="西西里的狄奧多羅斯">西西里的狄奧多羅斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E6%AC%A7%E6%A0%B9%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E4%BF%AE" title="第欧根尼·拉尔修">第欧根尼·拉尔修</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%8D%E8%98%87%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%88%B4%E6%AD%90%E5%B0%BC%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" title="哈利卡納蘇斯的戴歐尼修斯">哈利卡納蘇斯的戴歐尼修斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="迪奥斯科里德斯">迪奥斯科里德斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B2%E6%92%92%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%84%AA%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E7%83%8F" title="該撒利亞的優西比烏">該撒利亞的優西比烏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%96%E4%BC%A6" title="盖伦">盖伦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E7%BD%97%E7%8B%84%E5%AE%89_(%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A)" title="赫罗狄安 (叙利亚)">赫罗狄安 (叙利亚)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF" title="弗拉維奧·約瑟夫斯">弗拉維奧·約瑟夫斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89" title="尤利安">尤利安</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="利巴紐斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Libanius"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%B4%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="利巴紐斯(页面不存在)">利巴紐斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanius" class="extiw" title="en:Libanius"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Libanius</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E5%96%84" title="琉善">琉善</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF_(%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="保萨尼亚斯 (地理学家)">保萨尼亚斯 (地理学家)</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菲羅斯特拉圖斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philostratus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲羅斯特拉圖斯(页面不存在)">菲羅斯特拉圖斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philostratus" class="extiw" title="en:Philostratus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philostratus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特拉勒斯的弗萊貢" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phlegon of Tralles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E8%B2%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特拉勒斯的弗萊貢(页面不存在)">特拉勒斯的弗萊貢</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlegon_of_Tralles" class="extiw" title="en:Phlegon of Tralles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phlegon of Tralles</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C" title="佛提乌">佛提乌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B" title="普魯塔克">普魯塔克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E8%89%BE%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="波利艾努斯">波利艾努斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF" title="波利比烏斯">波利比烏斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6)" title="波菲利 (哲學家)">波菲利 (哲學家)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%AF" title="普利斯庫斯">普利斯庫斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E7%A7%91%E5%8C%B9%E5%8E%84%E6%96%AF" title="普罗科匹厄斯">普罗科匹厄斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%9B%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" title="西里西亚的辛普利修斯">西里西亚的辛普利修斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E4%BD%90%E9%97%A8" title="索佐门">索佐门</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拜占庭的斯蒂芬" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stephanus of Byzantium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拜占庭的斯蒂芬(页面不存在)">拜占庭的斯蒂芬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanus_of_Byzantium" class="extiw" title="en:Stephanus of Byzantium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stephanus of Byzantium</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%A2" title="斯特拉波">斯特拉波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E5%8E%84%E6%96%AF" title="狄米斯提厄斯">狄米斯提厄斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E5%8B%92" title="狄奧多勒">狄奧多勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%BD%90%E7%BA%B3%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·佐纳拉斯">约翰·佐纳拉斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF" title="佐西姆斯">佐西姆斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;">城市<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;">首都</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="罗马">罗马</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E8%92%82%E5%A5%A7%E6%8B%89%E5%8A%AA" title="梅蒂奧拉努">梅蒂奧拉努</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E7%B4%8D" title="拉文納">拉文納</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特雷維里奧古斯都" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Augusta dos Tréveros"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E7%B6%AD%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特雷維里奧古斯都(页面不存在)">特雷維里奧古斯都</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta_dos_Tr%C3%A9veros" class="extiw" title="pt:Augusta dos Tréveros"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Augusta dos Tréveros</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E7%B1%B3%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9E" title="尼科米底亞">尼科米底亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%B1%B3%E5%A7%86" title="色米姆">色米姆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;">大城市</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7_(%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A)" title="亚历山大 (埃及)">亞歷山卓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%A1%E5%85%8B" title="安条克">安条克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E8%90%8A%E4%BA%9E" title="阿奎萊亞">阿奎萊亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="貝里圖斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Berytus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝里圖斯(页面不存在)">貝里圖斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berytus" class="extiw" title="en:Berytus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Berytus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="博洛尼亚">博洛尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA" title="迦太基">迦太基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E8%82%AF" title="埃伯拉肯">埃伯拉肯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8E%B1%E6%99%AE%E6%8F%90%E6%96%AF" title="大莱普提斯">大莱普提斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E8%92%82%E5%B0%BC%E6%81%A9" title="倫蒂尼恩">倫蒂尼恩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A0%BC%E6%9D%9C%E5%8A%AA%E5%A7%86" title="卢格杜努姆">卢格杜努姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%B3%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="卢泰西亚">卢泰西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E8%92%82%E5%A5%A7%E6%8B%89%E5%8A%AA" title="梅蒂奧拉努">梅蒂奧拉努</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9E%E8%B4%9D" title="庞贝">庞贝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E7%B4%8D" title="拉文納">拉文納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="罗马">罗马</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AB%E9%BA%A6%E9%82%A3" title="士麦那">士麦那</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="溫多博納" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vindobona"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%8D%9A%E7%B4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫多博納(页面不存在)">溫多博納</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindobona" class="extiw" title="en:Vindobona"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vindobona</span></a></span>)</span></span>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8D%A2%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="瓦卢比利斯">瓦卢比利斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%8E%E8%88%87%E9%8E%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="羅馬建立的城與鎮列表">羅馬建立的城與鎮列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEDDAA;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Category:古罗马列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Category:Ancient Rome-related lists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:古罗马列表(页面不存在)">列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancient_Rome-related_lists" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Ancient Rome-related lists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Category:Ancient Rome-related lists</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding: 0.25em 0em; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="Template:中世紀">古罗马主题</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬戰爭列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Roman wars and battles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬戰爭列表(页面不存在)">戰爭列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_wars_and_battles" class="extiw" title="en:List of Roman wars and battles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Roman wars and battles</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="罗马战役列表">戰役列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬-伊朗關係" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman–Iranian relations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC-%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬-伊朗關係(页面不存在)">羅馬-伊朗關係</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Iranian_relations" class="extiw" title="en:Roman–Iranian relations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman–Iranian relations</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="罗马内战">罗马内战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E4%BB%A3" title="羅馬帝國朝代">羅馬帝國朝代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="羅馬皇帝列表">羅馬皇帝列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬執政官列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Roman consuls"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%A7%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="罗马执政官列表">執政官列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_consuls" class="extiw" title="en:List of Roman consuls"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Roman consuls</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%89%A7%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="罗马共和国执政官列表">共和國執政官列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%8B%AC%E8%A3%81%E5%AE%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="罗马独裁官列表">獨裁官列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E5%AE%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="羅馬民選官列表">民選官列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%B2%A1%E5%8B%99%E5%AE%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="羅馬財務官列表">財務官列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬護民官列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Roman tribunes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%AD%B7%E6%B0%91%E5%AE%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬護民官列表(页面不存在)">護民官列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_tribunes" class="extiw" title="en:List of Roman tribunes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Roman tribunes</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬女性列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Roman women"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬女性列表(页面不存在)">古羅馬女性列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_women" class="extiw" title="en:List of Roman women"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Roman women</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬氏族列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Roman gentes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B0%8F%E6%97%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬氏族列表(页面不存在)">氏族列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_gentes" class="extiw" title="en:List of Roman gentes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Roman gentes</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="羅馬帝國政府">政治機構</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬法律列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Roman laws"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬法律列表(页面不存在)">法律列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_laws" class="extiw" title="en:List of Roman laws"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Roman laws</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教皇格言列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of pontifices maximi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E7%9A%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教皇格言列表(页面不存在)">教皇格言列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pontifices_maximi" class="extiw" title="en:List of pontifices maximi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of pontifices maximi</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2" title="Category:罗马军团">軍團類別</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%86%E9%A2%86" title="Category:古罗马将领">將軍類別</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="羅馬將軍列表">將軍列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬軍團列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Roman legions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬軍團列表(页面不存在)">軍團列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_legions" class="extiw" title="en:List of Roman legions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Roman legions</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬帝國遺產" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Legacy of the Roman Empire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬帝國遺產(页面不存在)">羅馬帝國遺產</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="extiw" title="en:Legacy of the Roman Empire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Legacy of the Roman Empire</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬名字列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Roman nomina"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬名字列表(页面不存在)">羅馬名字列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_nomina" class="extiw" title="en:List of Roman nomina"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Roman nomina</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬氣候" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate of ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬氣候(页面不存在)">氣候</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Climate of ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate of ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希臘羅馬地理學家列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Graeco-Roman geographers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希臘羅馬地理學家列表(页面不存在)">希臘羅馬地理學家列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Graeco-Roman_geographers" class="extiw" title="en:List of Graeco-Roman geographers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Graeco-Roman geographers</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%8E%E8%88%87%E9%8E%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="羅馬建立的城與鎮列表">羅馬建立的城與鎮列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以古羅馬為背景的小說" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fiction set in ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%82%BA%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以古羅馬為背景的小說(页面不存在)">古羅馬背景小說</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiction_set_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Fiction set in ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fiction set in ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以古羅馬為背景的電影列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of films set in ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%82%BA%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以古羅馬為背景的電影列表(页面不存在)">古羅馬背景電影列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:List of films set in ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of films set in ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马主题列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of topics related to ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古罗马主题列表(页面不存在)">古罗马主题列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_topics_related_to_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:List of topics related to ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of topics related to ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #EEDDAA;"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="Template:中世紀">古罗马主题</a><div style="float: left;"> « <span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="史前欧洲">史前欧洲</a></span></div><div style="float:right;"><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="Template:中世紀">中世纪</a></span> »</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link 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class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935508t">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4114364-4">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555777505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85074944">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569314">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="latina"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122187&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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