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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticuna"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ca"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Canal de sindicació Atom Viquipèdia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Canvis_recents&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ticuna rootpage-Ticuna skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Ticuna" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Ticuna" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Ticuna" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Ticuna" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Aspectes_històrics,_socials_i_culturals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspectes_històrics,_socials_i_culturals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Aspectes històrics, socials i culturals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aspectes_històrics,_socials_i_culturals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Aspectes històrics, socials i culturals</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aspectes_històrics,_socials_i_culturals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alfabetització" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabetització"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Alfabetització</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alfabetització-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descripció_lingüística" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descripció_lingüística"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Descripció lingüística</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Descripció_lingüística-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Descripció lingüística</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Descripció_lingüística-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classificació" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificació"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Classificació</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificació-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fonologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gramàtica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gramàtica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Gramàtica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gramàtica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referència" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referència"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referència</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referència-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ticuna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 16 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="لغة التيكونا - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة التيكونا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ticuna" title="Idioma ticuna - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma ticuna" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikouneg" title="Tikouneg - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tikouneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticuna_language" title="Ticuna language - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ticuna language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikuna_lingvo" title="Tikuna lingvo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tikuna lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ticuna" title="Idioma ticuna - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma ticuna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticuna" title="Ticuna - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ticuna" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ticuna" title="Lingua ticuna - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua ticuna" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticuna_bhasa" title="Ticuna bhasa - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ticuna bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Ticuna" title="Bahasa Ticuna - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Ticuna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikuna_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Tikuna (språk) - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tikuna (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ticuna" title="Lenga ticuna - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga ticuna" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_ticuna" title="Língua ticuna - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua ticuna" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikuna_simi" title="Tikuna simi - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tikuna simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Тыкуна - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тыкуна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Тикуна - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тикуна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1815205#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ticuna" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Ticuna" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ticuna"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ticuna"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Ticuna" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Ticuna" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&oldid=32548748" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Ticuna&id=32548748&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTicuna"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTicuna"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ticuna"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ticuna&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1815205" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de llengua"><img alt="Infotaula de llengua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/20px-Octicons-comment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/30px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/40px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></span></span></span>Ticuna</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;font-size:110%;"><span lang="es">Duüxügu</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P1705" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Idioma" title="Idioma">llengua</a> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1288568" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1288568">llengua viva</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Ús</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Parlants nadius</th><td class="infobox-data">61.000 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P1098" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (2021 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P1098" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Autòcton de</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tikuna" title="Tikuna">Tikuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estat_de_l%27Amazones_(Brasil)" title="Estat de l'Amazones (Brasil)">Estat de l'Amazones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Departament_de_l%27Amazones" title="Departament de l'Amazones">Departament de l'Amazones</a> i <a href="/wiki/Departament_de_Loreto" title="Departament de Loreto">Departament de Loreto</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P2341" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Estat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B2mbia" title="Colòmbia">Colòmbia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú">Perú</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P17" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ticuna.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ticuna.png/299px-Ticuna.png" decoding="async" width="299" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ticuna.png/449px-Ticuna.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ticuna.png/598px-Ticuna.png 2x" data-file-width="1865" data-file-height="1870" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div style="font-size:90%;"></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Classificació lingüística</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20162172" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20162172">llengua humana</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q645304" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q645304">llengua indígena</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amer%C3%ADndies" title="Llengües ameríndies">llengües ameríndies</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q95140056" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q95140056">llengües duho</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_ticuna-yuri" title="Llengües ticuna-yuri">llengües ticuna-yuri</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P279" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Característiques</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Nivell de vulnerabilitat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20672088" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20672088">3 en perill</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P1999" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Codis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ISO 639-3</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tca">tca</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P220" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ticu1245">ticu1245</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P1394" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Ethnologue</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/tca">tca</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P1627" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">UNESCO</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-742.html">742</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P2355" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">IETF</th><td class="infobox-data">tca <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P305" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Endangered languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2148">2148</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815205?uselang=ca#P2192" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>El <b>ticuna</b> o <b>tukuna</b> és una <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_ind%C3%ADgenes_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengües indígenes d'Amèrica">llengua indígena americana</a> parlada en la confluència del Brasil, Colòmbia i el Perú, per uns 41.000 indígenes de l'ètnia <a href="/wiki/Tikuna" title="Tikuna">tikuna</a>. Considerada una llengua aïllada, s'ha proposat que forma part de les <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_ticuna-yuri" title="Llengües ticuna-yuri">llengües ticuna-yuri</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspectes_històrics,_socials_i_culturals"><span id="Aspectes_hist.C3.B2rics.2C_socials_i_culturals"></span>Aspectes històrics, socials i culturals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Aspectes històrics, socials i culturals"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El ticuna és una llengua aïllada sense parentius provats amb altres llengües. Té uns 4.290 parlants al Perú, uns 14.000 al Brasil i uns 5.000 a Colòmbia. Els seus parlants tenen un alt grau d'alfabetització en espanyol i ticuna, al Perú i molts d'ells són bilingües en espanyol i portuguès.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alfabetització"><span id="Alfabetitzaci.C3.B3"></span>Alfabetització</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Alfabetització"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A part del seu ús oficial en l'educació, es publiquen dotzenes de llibres en aquesta llengua cada any, tant al Brasil com al Perú. Aquests llibres usen especialment el sistema d'escriptura similars als usats en espanyol (excepte per l'ús de <i>k</i> en lloc de <i>c</i>) en lloc d'un sistema més específic per a la llengua. La primera ortografia usava també <i>qu</i> i altres convencions preses de l'ortografia de l'espanyol. </p> <dl><dt>el Brasil</dt></dl> <p>A pesar que al Brasil viuen més del 50%  dels ticunas, l'educació en llengua indígena al Brasil és més recent que en països com el Perú. Els ticunas del Brasil tenen ara a la seva disposició material escrit i educatiu proporcionat per la <a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nacional_do_%C3%8Dndio" title="Fundação Nacional do Índio">Fundação Nacional do Índio</a> (FUNAI) i el ministeri d'educació brasiler. Existeixen professors natius, que coneixen tant el ticuna com el portuguès i que usen llibres de text ticuna per als nens. També existeix un gran propyecto de recopilació de relats tradicionals per a registrar-los per escrit i proveir als ticuna alfabetitzats alguns textos amb els quals practicar. Actualment, l'accés a l'educació en la seva pròpia llengua és un dels objectius del govern brasiler cap a les minories indígenes.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>el Perú</dt></dl> <p>Els ticuna del Perú han tingut educació en llengua nativa des dels <a href="/wiki/Anys_1960" class="mw-redirect" title="Anys 1960">anys 1960</a>. L'ortografia pràctica usada al Perú ha servit de base per a l'ortografia usada en el sistema educatiu brasiler per als ticuna. No obstant això, els textos disponibles per als ticuna peruans consisteixen gairebé exclusivament en llibres de text estàndard. </p> <dl><dt>Colòmbia</dt></dl> <p>Els ticuna de Colòmbia reben educació només en espanyol, o no tenen accés a l'educació en absolut. Des del estableciomiento d'escoles en ticuna al Brasil alguns ticuna s'han aventurat a assistir-hi. (Programes governamentals busquen incloure a totes les comunitats indígenes en el seu sistema educatiu, lamentablement les locaciones dels nadius són llunyanes i això constitueix sempre un obstacle per al seu accés).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descripció_lingüística"><span id="Descripci.C3.B3_ling.C3.BC.C3.ADstica"></span>Descripció lingüística</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Descripció lingüística"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El ticuna és una <a href="/wiki/Llengua_tonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengua tonal">llengua tonal</a>, comparteix diversos <a href="/wiki/Tipologia_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Tipologia lingüística">trets tipològics</a> amb llengües de la regió, encara que no s'ha pogut detectar un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filog%C3%A9nesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filogénesis (encara no existeix)">parentiu filogenètic</a> clar amb les altres llengües de la regió. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classificació"><span id="Classificaci.C3.B3"></span>Classificació</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Classificació"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Encara que existeixen algunes similituds tipològiques amb altres llengües de la regió, aquestes semblen haver-se del contacte lingüístic, sent l'opinió majoritària que el ticuna és de fet una <a href="/wiki/Llengua_a%C3%AFllada" title="Llengua aïllada">llengua aïllada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Terrence_Kaufman" title="Terrence Kaufman">Terrence Kaufman</a> considera que ha d'agrupar-se amb el <a href="/wiki/Yur%C3%AD" title="Yurí">yurí</a> en una hipotètica família de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_ticuna-yur%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües ticuna-yurí (encara no existeix)">llengües ticuna-yurí</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El mateix va sostenir en 2009 un estudi de Fernando Carvalho.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No obstant això, alguns l'han associat temptativament dins del <a href="/wiki/Macroarawak" title="Macroarawak">macroarawak</a> o amb la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macrotucano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macrotucano (encara no existeix)">macrotucano</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encara que la majoria d'especialistes considera que aquesta classificació és altament especulativa, donada la poca evidència disponible. Més recentment se l'ha relacionat amb les <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_salibanes" title="Llengües salibanes">llengües salibanes</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Hoti" title="Hoti">hoti</a> i l'<a href="/wiki/Andoque" title="Andoque">andoque</a> en una família denominada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_macro-daha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües macro-daha (encara no existeix)">macro-daha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologia">Fonologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Fonologia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'inventari consonàntic consisteix en els següents fonemes<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonant_bilabial" title="Consonant bilabial">Bilabial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonant_dental" title="Consonant dental">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonant_palatal" title="Consonant palatal">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonant_velar" title="Consonant velar">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonant_glotal" title="Consonant glotal">Glotal</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Oclusiva">Oclusiva</a> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">p, b</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">t, d</span> </td> <td>ɟ </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">k ɡ</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ʔ</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Africada" class="mw-redirect" title="Africada">Africada</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">tʃ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Fricativa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricativa">Fricativa</a> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">(f)</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">s</span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">(x)</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">h</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonant_nasal" title="Consonant nasal">Nasal</a> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">m</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">n</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;">ɲ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonant_l%C3%ADquida" title="Consonant líquida">Líquida</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">l, ɾ</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonant_aproximant" title="Consonant aproximant">Aproximant</a> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">w</span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;">j </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Els sons <i>f</i> j <i>x</i> es limiten a préstecs de l'espanyol o el portuguès. D'altra banda, l'inventari de vocals està format per tres vocals tancades /i, <s>i</s>, o/ i tres vocals obertes /e, a, o/ sense que existeixin oposició de quantitat. Totes les vocals poden ser nasals i laringeadas. </p><p>Quant al sistema tonal, el ticuna distingeix cinc <a href="/wiki/To_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" title="To (lingüística)">tons</a> de nivell, aquests tons es denoten com: ¹alt, ²mig-alt, <sup>3</sup>mitjà, <sup>4</sup>mig-baix, ⁵baix. Aquest sistema de cinc tons converteix al ticuna en la llengua de Sud-amèrica amb més tons, que a Amèrica del Sud rarament excedeixen tres tons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gramàtica"><span id="Gram.C3.A0tica"></span>Gramàtica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Gramàtica"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'inventari de <a href="/wiki/Pronom_personal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronom personal">pronoms personals</a> ve donada per:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Número </th> <th>Persona </th> <th>F. Indepen. </th> <th>Objecte </th> <th>Possessiu </th> <th>Prefix 1 </th> <th>Prefix 2 </th> <th>Prefix 3 </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="3">Singular </th> <th>1.a </th> <td>ča⁵maʔ<sup>4</sup> </td> <td>čo<sup>35</sup>ʔ<s>ĩ</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>čo<sup>35</sup>ʔr<s>i</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>ča<sup>3</sup>- </td> <td>či<sup>3</sup>- </td> <td>či<sup>35</sup>- </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>2.a </th> <td>ku⁵maʔ<sup>4</sup> </td> <td>ku<sup>35</sup>ʔ<s>ĩ</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>ku<sup>35</sup>ʔr<s>i</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>ku<sup>3</sup>- </td> <td>ki<sup>3</sup>- </td> <td>ki<sup>35</sup>- </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>3.a </th> <td>n<s>i</s><sup>35</sup>maʔ² </td> <td>n<s>i</s><sup>35</sup>ʔ<s>ĩ</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>no<sup>15</sup>ʔr<s>i</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>na²- </td> <td>ni<sup>23</sup>- </td> <td>ni<sup>25</sup>- </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="4">Plural </th> <th>1.a incl. </th> <td>yi<sup>3</sup>ʔe<sup>4</sup>maʔ² </td> <td>t<s>i</s><sup>35</sup>ʔ<s>ĩ</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>to<sup>35</sup>ʔr<s>i</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>ta²- </td> <td>ti<sup>23</sup>- </td> <td>ti<sup>25</sup>- </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>1.a excl. </th> <td>to<sup>3</sup>maʔ<sup>4</sup> </td> <td>to<sup>35</sup>ʔ<s>ĩ</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>to<sup>35</sup>ʔr<s>i</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>ta<sup>3</sup>- </td> <td>ti<sup>3</sup>- </td> <td>ti<sup>35</sup>- </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>2.a </th> <td>pe<sup>3</sup>maʔ<sup>4</sup> </td> <td>pe<sup>35</sup>ʔ<s>ĩ</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>pe<sup>35</sup>ʔr<s>i</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>pe<sup>3</sup>- </td> <td>pi<sup>3</sup>- </td> <td>pi<sup>35</sup>- </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>3.a </th> <td>n<s>i</s><sup>35</sup>maʔ<sup>4</sup>g<s>i</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>n<s>i</s><sup>35</sup>ʔ<s>ĩ</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>no<sup>15</sup>ʔr<s>i</s><sup>3</sup> </td> <td>na²- </td> <td>ni<sup>23</sup>- </td> <td>ni<sup>25</sup>- </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Les tres formes del prefix persona apareixen com a marques de subjecte en el verb, amb els verbs de primera, segona i tercera classe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referència"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncia"></span>Referència</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Referència"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">[ <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/lenguas/ticuna">https://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/lenguas/ticuna</a> Ticuna] al web del govern peruà</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pib.socioambiental.org/es/Povo:Ticuna">Ticuna</a> a pib.socioambiental</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lenguasdecolombia.caroycuervo.gov.co/contenido/Lenguas-indigenas/Ficha-de-lengua/contenido/64&">Ticuna</a> a lenguasdecolombia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSkilton2021"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Skilton</span>, Amalia «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/24972">Ticuna (tca) language documentation: A guide to materials in the California Language Archive</a>» (en anglès). <i>Language Documentation & Conservation</i>, 15, 2021, pàg. 153–189. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1934-5275">1934-5275</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170730065656/https://xapiri.com/pages/ticuna">Ticuna Indigenous Trive in Brazil and Colombia</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xapiri.com/pages/ticuna">original</a> el 2017-07-30. [Consulta: 21 juliol 2021].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adelaar, 2004, p. 458</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKaufman1994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kaufman</span>, Terrence. «The native languages of South America». A: Christopher Moseley and R.E. Asher. <i>Atlas of the world's languages</i>.  Routledge, 1994, p. 46−76.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+the+world%27s+languages&rft.atitle=The+native+languages+of+South+America&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Terrence&rft.date=1994&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.pages=46%E2%88%9276"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCarvalho2009"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Carvalho</span>, Fernando Orphão de «On the genetic kinship of the languages Tikúna and Yurí». <i>Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica</i>, 1, 2, 2009, pàg. 247-268.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Greenberg" title="Joseph Greenberg">Joseph Greenberg</a>, 1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Greenberg y M. Ruhlen, 2007, p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jolkesky, Marcelo 2009, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etnolinguistica.org/resumo:7">Macro-Daha: reconstrução de um tronco lingüístico do noroeste amazônico</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson, 1962, p. xviii-xxi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson, 1962, p. xviii-xxi358-360</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Doris G. Anderson (1962): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080530060110/http://www.sil.org/americas/peru/html/pubs/show_work.asp?id=3379"><i>Conversational Tikuna</i></a>, Yarinachocha Press, University of Oklahoma & SIL.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticuna&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080507193929/http://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/tca">Entry for Ticuna at Rosetta Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.language-museum.com/t/ticuna.htm">Language Museum - Ticuna</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301121517/http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/tca.htm">The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, translated into Ticuna</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.native-languages.org/ticuna_words.htm">Tikuna short comparative list</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Brasil_Llengües_del_Brasil_border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Brasil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Lleng%C3%BCes_del_Brasil" title="Plantilla:Llengües del Brasil"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Brasil_Llengües_del_Brasil_border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Brasil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brasil"><img alt="Brasil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_del_Brasil" title="Llengües del Brasil">Llengües del Brasil</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brasil"><img alt="Brasil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brazil_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengua oficial</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%A8s_brasiler" title="Portuguès brasiler">Portuguès</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_de_signes_brasilera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengua de signes brasilera (encara no existeix)">Llengua de signes brasilera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengües regionals</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alemany_brasiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alemany brasiler (encara no existeix)">Alemany</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomerani_oriental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomerani oriental (encara no existeix)">Pomerani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunsrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunsrik (encara no existeix)">Hunsrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%A0" title="Italià">Italià</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talian" title="Talian">Talian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengües<br />indígenes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawak" title="Llengües arawak">Arawak</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apurin%C3%A3" title="Apurinã">Apurinã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashaninca_(llengua)" title="Ashaninca (llengua)">Ashaninca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atorada" title="Atorada">Atorada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baniwa" title="Baniwa">Baniwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parawana" title="Parawana">Parawana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%A9" title="Baré">Baré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enawen%C3%A9-Naw%C3%A9" title="Enawené-Nawé">Enawenê-Nawê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawishana" title="Kawishana">Kawishana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurripako" title="Kurripako">Kurripako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manao" title="Manao">Manao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawayana" title="Mawayana">Mapidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehinaku" title="Mehinaku">Mehinaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palikur" title="Palikur">Palikur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pares%C3%AD" title="Paresí">Paresí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariana" title="Tariana">Tariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%AAna" title="Terêna">Terêna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapishana" title="Wapishana">Wapishana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warekena" title="Warekena">Warekena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waur%C3%A1" title="Waurá">Waurá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawalapit%C3%AD" title="Yawalapití">Yawalapití</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawanes" title="Llengües arawanes">Arawanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Den%C3%AD" title="Dení">Dení</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamamad%C3%AD" title="Jamamadí">Jamamadí</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banaw%C3%A1_(llengua)" title="Banawá (llengua)">Banawá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarawara" title="Jarawara">Jarawara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culina" title="Culina">Culina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paumar%C3%AD" title="Paumarí">Paumarí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuruah%C3%A1" title="Zuruahá">Zuruahá</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_carib" title="Llengües carib">Carib</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amonap" title="Amonap">Amonap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apala%C3%AD" title="Apalaí">Apalaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awet%C3%AD" title="Awetí">Awetí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakair%C3%AD" title="Bakairí">Bakairí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_kali%27na" title="Llengua kali'na">Carib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hixkaryana" title="Hixkaryana">Hixkaryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikpeng" title="Ikpeng">Ikpeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kap%C3%B3ng" title="Kapóng">Kapóng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macushi" title="Macushi">Macushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A1ra_de_Par%C3%A1" title="Arára de Pará">Arára de Pará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemon" title="Pemon">Pemon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salum%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salumá (encara no existeix)">Salumá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikiana" title="Sikiana">Sikiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiriy%C3%B3" title="Tiriyó">Tiriyó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%27kuana" title="Ye'kuana">Ye'kuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waimiri-atroari" title="Waimiri-atroari">Waimiri-atroari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiwai" title="Waiwai">Waiwai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_pano" title="Llengües pano">Pano</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_amahuaca" title="Llengua amahuaca">Amawaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashinawa" title="Kashinawa">Kashinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaxarar%C3%AD" title="Kaxararí">Kaxararí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korubo" title="Korubo">Korubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulino" title="Kulino">Kulino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%BAbo" title="Marúbo">Marúbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mats%C3%A9s" title="Matsés">Matsés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_matis" title="Llengua matis">Matis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipibo" title="Shipibo">Shipibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waninawa" title="Waninawa">Waninawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawanawa" title="Yawanawa">Yaminawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_macro-g%C3%AA" title="Llengües macro-gê">Macro-Gê</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akw%E1%BA%BD-Xer%C3%A9nte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akwẽ-Xerénte (encara no existeix)">Akwẽ-Xerénte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apinaj%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apinajé (encara no existeix)">Apinajé</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arikap%C3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arikapú (encara no existeix)">Arikapú</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bororo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bororo (encara no existeix)">Bororo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano" title="Chiquitano">Chiquitano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djeoromitx%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djeoromitxí (encara no existeix)">Djeoromitxí</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaingang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaingang (encara no existeix)">Kaingang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaj%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karajá (encara no existeix)">Karajá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suy%C3%A1" title="Suyá">Kĩsêdjê</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krenak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krenak (encara no existeix)">Krenak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xokleng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xokleng (encara no existeix)">Laklãnõ (Xokléng)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxakal%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxakalí (encara no existeix)">Maxakalí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayap%C3%B3" title="Kayapó">Mẽbêngôkre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ofay%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ofayé (encara no existeix)">Ofayé</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panar%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panará (encara no existeix)">Panará</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rikbaktsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rikbaktsa (encara no existeix)">Rikbaktsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapay%C3%BAna" title="Tapayúna">Tapayúna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timbira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timbira (encara no existeix)">Timbira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_xavante" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengua xavante">Xavante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_nadahup" title="Llengües nadahup">Nadahup</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_d%C3%A2w" title="Llengua dâw">Dâw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hup" title="Hup">Hup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakwa" title="Kakwa">Kakwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nad%C3%ABb" title="Nadëb">Nadëb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tup%C3%AD" title="Llengües tupí">Tupí</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akw%C3%A1wa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akwáwa (encara no existeix)">Akwáwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juruna" title="Juruna">Juruna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kagwahiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kagwahiva (encara no existeix)">Kagwahiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaiw%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaiwá (encara no existeix)">Kaiwá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaiur%C3%A1" title="Kamaiurá">Kamaiurá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munduruku" class="mw-redirect" title="Munduruku">Munduruku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nheengatu" title="Nheengatu">Nheengatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omagua" title="Omagua">Omagua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapirap%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapirapé (encara no existeix)">Tapirapé</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenetehara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenetehara (encara no existeix)">Tenetehara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xeta (encara no existeix)">Xeta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xipaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xipaya (encara no existeix)">Xipaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zo%27%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zo'é (encara no existeix)">Zo'é</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_chapacura-wa%C3%B1am" title="Llengües chapacura-wañam">Chapakura</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oro_Win" title="Oro Win">Oro Win</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wari%CA%BC" title="Wariʼ">Wariʼ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tucanes" title="Llengües tucanes">Tukano</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubeo" title="Cubeo">Cubeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desano" title="Desano">Desano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucano" title="Tucano">Tucano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuca" title="Tuyuca">Tuyuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waimaj%C3%A3" title="Waimajã">Waimajã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanano" title="Wanano">Wanano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_nambikwares" title="Llengües nambikwares">Nambikwares</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamaind%C3%AA" title="Mamaindê">Mamaindê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambikwara" title="Nambikwara">Nambikwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saban%C3%AA" title="Sabanê">Sabanê</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_ianomami" title="Llengües ianomami">Ianomami</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ninam" title="Ninam">Ninam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waik%C3%A1" title="Waiká">Waiká</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%A3noma" title="Iãnoma">Iãnoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ianomam%C3%B6" title="Ianomamö">Ianomamö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaroam%C3%AB" title="Iaroamë">Iaroamë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanum%C3%A1" title="Sanumá">Sanumá</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Altres</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikan%C3%A3" title="Aikanã">Aikanã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arutani" title="Arutani">Arutani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guat%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guató (encara no existeix)">Guató</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irantxe" title="Irantxe">Irantxe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadiw%C3%A9u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadiwéu (encara no existeix)">Kadiwéu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanamar%C3%AD" title="Kanamarí">Kanamarí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kano%C3%AA" title="Kanoê">Kanoê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katawix%C3%AD" title="Katawixí">Katawixí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuman%C3%A1" title="Kumaná">Kumaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaz%C3%A1" title="Kwazá">Kwazá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirah%C3%A3" title="Pirahã">Pirahã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taruma" title="Taruma">Taruma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ticuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truma%C3%AD" title="Trumaí">Trumaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xukur%C3%BA" title="Xukurú">Xukurú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yur%C3%AD" title="Yurí">Yurí</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interllengües</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cafund%C3%B3" title="Cafundó">Cafundó</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanc-Patu%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanc-Patuá (encara no existeix)">Lanc-Patuá</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macarr%C3%B4nico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macarrônico (encara no existeix)">Macarrônico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portunyol_riverense" title="Portunyol riverense">Portunhol fronteiriço</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengües de signes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_de_signes_brasilera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengua de signes brasilera (encara no existeix)">Brasilera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_de_signes_Ka%27apor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengua de signes Ka'apor (encara no existeix)">Ka'apor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_de_signes_Maxakal%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengua de signes Maxakalí (encara no existeix)">Maxakalí</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Colòmbia_Llengües_de_Colòmbia_border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Colòmbia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Col%C3%B2mbia" title="Plantilla:Llengües de Colòmbia"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Colòmbia_Llengües_de_Colòmbia_border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Colòmbia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Colòmbia"><img alt="Colòmbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Col%C3%B2mbia" title="Llengües de Colòmbia">Llengües de Colòmbia</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Colòmbia"><img alt="Colòmbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengües oficials</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_colombi%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà colombià (encara no existeix)">Castellà</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengües<br />indígenes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawak" title="Llengües arawak">Arawak</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achawa" title="Achawa">Achawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabiyar%C3%AD" title="Cabiyarí">Cabiyarí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurripako" title="Kurripako">Kurripako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piapoco" title="Piapoco">Piapoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayuu" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayuu">Wayuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucuna" title="Yucuna">Yucuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_barbacoanes" title="Llengües barbacoanes">Barbacoanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aw%C3%A1_Pit" title="Awá Pit">Awá Pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guambi%C3%A0" title="Guambià">Misak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muellama" title="Muellama">Mwelyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_pasto" title="Llengua pasto">Pasto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totor%C3%B3" title="Totoró">Totoró</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_bora%E2%80%93witoto" title="Llengües bora–witoto">Bora–Witoto</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andoque" title="Andoque">Andoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bora_(llengua)" title="Bora (llengua)">Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minica_huitoto" title="Minica huitoto">Minica huitoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muinane" title="Muinane">Muinane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murui_huitoto" title="Murui huitoto">Murui huitoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocaina" title="Ocaina">Ocaina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_txibtxa" title="Llengües txibtxa">Txibtxa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arhuac" title="Arhuac">Arhuac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%AD" title="Barí">Barí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimila" title="Chimila">Chimila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogui" title="Kogui">Kogui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_kuna" title="Llengua kuna">Kuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunebo" title="Tunebo">Tunebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damana" title="Damana">Damana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_choc%C3%B3" title="Llengües chocó">Chocó</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baud%C3%B3" title="Baudó">Baudó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%ADo" title="Catío">Catío</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham%C3%AD" title="Chamí">Chamí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eperara" title="Eperara">Eperara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember%C3%A0_septentrional" title="Emberà septentrional">Emberà septentrional</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_guahibanes" title="Llengües guahibanes">Guahibanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikuani" title="Sikuani">Sikuani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_guayabero" title="Llengua guayabero">Guayabero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitn%C3%BC" title="Hitnü">Hitnü</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tucanes" title="Llengües tucanes">Tucanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barasana-eduria" title="Barasana-eduria">Barasana-eduria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carapana" title="Carapana">Carapana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubeo" title="Cubeo">Cubeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuiba" title="Cuiba">Cuiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desano" title="Desano">Desano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreguaje" title="Koreguaje">Koreguaje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaguaje" title="Macaguaje">Macaguaje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macuna" title="Macuna">Macuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisamira" title="Pisamira">Pisamira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siona" title="Siona">Siona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siriano" title="Siriano">Siriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanimuca-retuar%C3%A3" title="Tanimuca-retuarã">Tanimuca-retuarã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatuyo" title="Tatuyo">Tatuyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucano" title="Tucano">Tucano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuca" title="Tuyuca">Tuyuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waimaj%C3%A3" title="Waimajã">Waimajã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajiara" title="Wajiara">Wajiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanano" title="Wanano">Wanano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yauna" title="Yauna">Yauna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Altres</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaqu%C3%AD" title="Andaquí">Andaquí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betoi" title="Betoi">Betoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabayo" title="Carabayo">Carabayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carijona" title="Carijona">Carijona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocama" title="Cocama">Cocama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_cof%C3%A1n" title="Llengua cofán">Cofán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inga_Kichwa" title="Inga Kichwa">Inga Kichwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_k%C3%A3kw%C3%A3" title="Llengua kãkwã">Kãkwã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kichwa" title="Kichwa">Kichwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nheengatu" title="Nheengatu">Nheengatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_nukak" title="Llengua nukak">Nukak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1ez" title="Páez">Páez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaroa" title="Piaroa">Piaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_puinave" title="Llengua puinave">Puinave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A0liba" title="Sàliba">Sàliba</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ticuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinigua" title="Tinigua">Tinigua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_umbr%C3%A1" title="Llengua umbrá">Umbrá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhup" title="Yuhup">Yuhup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukpa" title="Yukpa">Yukpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Criolls/altres</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_llanero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà llanero (encara no existeix)">Llanero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palenquero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palenquero (encara no existeix)">Palenquero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crioll_sanandresano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crioll sanandresano (encara no existeix)">Crioll sanandresano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%C3%AD" title="Romaní">Romaní</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengües de signes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_de_signes_colombiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengua de signes colombiana (encara no existeix)">Llengua de signes colombiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_de_signes_de_Providencia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengua de signes de Providencia (encara no existeix)">Llengua de signes de Providencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Perú_Llengües_del_Perú_border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Perú" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Lleng%C3%BCes_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Plantilla:Llengües del Perú"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Perú_Llengües_del_Perú_border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Perú" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perú"><img alt="Perú" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Llengües del Perú">Llengües del Perú</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perú"><img alt="Perú" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_peru%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà peruà (encara no existeix)">Varietats castellanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_amaz%C3%B2nic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà amazònic (encara no existeix)">Amazònic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_and%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà andí (encara no existeix)">Andí</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_costaner_peru%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà costaner peruà (encara no existeix)">Costaner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_equatorial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà equatorial (encara no existeix)">Equatorial</a> <small>(Tumbes)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loncco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loncco (encara no existeix)">Loncco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengües<br />indígenes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawak" title="Llengües arawak">Arawak</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_campa" title="Llengües campa">Campa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashaninca_(llengua)" title="Ashaninca (llengua)">Ashaninca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash%C3%A9ninka" title="Ashéninka">Ashéninka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axininca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axininca (encara no existeix)">Axininca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caquinte" title="Caquinte">Caquinte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiguenga" title="Machiguenga">Machiguenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanti" title="Nanti">Nanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomatsiguenga" title="Nomatsiguenga">Nomatsiguenga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_piro" title="Llengües piro">Piro</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1apari" title="Iñapari">Iñapari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashco_Piro" title="Mashco Piro">Mashco Piro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yine" title="Yine">Yine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawak_de_l%27Alt_Amazones" title="Llengües arawak de l'Alt Amazones">Alt Amazones</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Res%C3%ADgaro" title="Resígaro">Resígaro</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occidental</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamicuro" title="Chamicuro">Chamicuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanesha%27" title="Yanesha'">Yanesha'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_aimara" title="Llengües aimara">Aimara</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimara" title="Aimara">Aimara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaqaru" title="Jaqaru">Jaqaru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_bora%E2%80%93witoto" title="Llengües bora–witoto">Bora–Witoto</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bora_(llengua)" title="Bora (llengua)">Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minica_huitoto" title="Minica huitoto">Minica huitoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murui_huitoto" title="Murui huitoto">Murui huitoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCpode_huitoto" title="Nüpode huitoto">Nüpode huitoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocaina" title="Ocaina">Ocaina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_cahuapanes" title="Llengües cahuapanes">Cahuapanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chayahuita" title="Chayahuita">Chayahuita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebero" title="Jebero">Jebero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_j%C3%ADvaro" title="Llengües jívaro">Jívaro</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguaruna" title="Aguaruna">Aguaruna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huambisa" title="Huambisa">Huambisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achuar" title="Achuar">Shiwiar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_pano" title="Llengües pano">Pano</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_amahuaca" title="Llengua amahuaca">Amawaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskonawa" title="Iskonawa">Iskonawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashibo" title="Kashibo">Kashibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashinawa" title="Kashinawa">Kashinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mats%C3%A9s" title="Matsés">Matsés</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisabo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pisabo (encara no existeix)">Pisabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipibo" title="Shipibo">Shipibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawanawa" title="Yawanawa">Yaminawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua" title="Quítxua">Quítxua</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Cajamarca%E2%80%93Ca%C3%B1aris" title="Quítxua de Cajamarca–Cañaris">Cajamarca–Cañaris</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Cajamarca" title="Quítxua de Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Lambayeque" title="Quítxua de Lambayeque">Lambayeque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_d%27Ancash" title="Quítxua d'Ancash">Ancash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Hu%C3%A1nuco" title="Quítxua de Huánuco">Huánuco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Huallaga" title="Quítxua de Huallaga">Huallaga</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Pacaraos" title="Quítxua de Pacaraos">Pacaraos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_Wanka" title="Quítxua Wanka">Wanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_Yaru" title="Quítxua Yaru">Yaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_Yauyos%E2%80%93Chincha" title="Quítxua Yauyos–Chincha">Yauyos–Chincha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_les_terres_baixes_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Quítxua de les terres baixes del Perú">Terres Baixes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Chachapoyas" title="Quítxua de Chachapoyas">Chachapoyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_lamista" title="Quítxua lamista">Lamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kichwa" title="Kichwa">Kichwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_meridional" title="Quítxua meridional">Meridional</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_d%27Ayacucho" title="Quítxua d'Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Cusco" title="Quítxua de Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Cusco%E2%80%93Collao" title="Quítxua de Cusco–Collao">Cusco–Collao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Puno" title="Quítxua de Puno">Puno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tucanes" title="Llengües tucanes">Tucanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orej%C3%B3n" title="Orejón">Orejón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secoya" title="Secoya">Secoya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tup%C3%AD" title="Llengües tupí">Tupí</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocama" title="Cocama">Cocama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omagua" title="Omagua">Omagua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_zaparoanes" title="Llengües zaparoanes">Zaparoanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabela" title="Arabela">Arabela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuarano" title="Cahuarano">Cahuarano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iquito" title="Iquito">Iquito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aïllades i altres</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candoshi-Shapra" class="mw-redirect" title="Candoshi-Shapra">Candoshi-Shapra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culle" title="Culle">Culle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ese_ejja" title="Ese ejja">Ese ejja</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tacanes" title="Llengües tacanes">família tacana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_amarakaeri" title="Llengua amarakaeri">Harákmbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culina" title="Culina">Culina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawanes" title="Llengües arawanes">família arawana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynas" title="Maynas">Maynas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_mochica" title="Llengua mochica">Mochica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munichi" title="Munichi">Munichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omurano" title="Omurano">Omurano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puquina" title="Puquina">Puquina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taushiro" title="Taushiro">Taushiro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ticuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urarina" title="Urarina">Urarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagua" title="Yagua">Yagua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengües de signes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_de_signes_peruana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengua de signes peruana (encara no existeix)">Llengua de signes peruana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_de_signes_Inmaculada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengua de signes Inmaculada (encara no existeix)">Llengua de signes Inmaculada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_de_signes_Sivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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