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<li id="toc-Community_of_Albanian_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_of_Albanian_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Community of Albanian origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_of_Albanian_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_islands,_migrations_and_the_modern_Albanian_diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_islands,_migrations_and_the_modern_Albanian_diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Cultural islands, migrations and the modern Albanian diaspora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_islands,_migrations_and_the_modern_Albanian_diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnonym" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnonym"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ethnonym</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnonym-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_migrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_migrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early migrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_migrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_migrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_migrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Later migrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_migrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Language-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Language subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Arbëreshë_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Arbëreshë_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Early Arbëreshë literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Arbëreshë_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th-century_Romantic_poets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th-century_Romantic_poets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>19th-century Romantic poets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th-century_Romantic_poets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Contemporary literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection_of_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection_of_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Protection of language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection_of_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Italo-Albanian_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Italo-Albanian_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>The Italo-Albanian Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Italo-Albanian_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditions_and_folklore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions_and_folklore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Traditions and folklore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditions_and_folklore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gjitonía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gjitonía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Gjitonía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gjitonía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Costume</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Physical appearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Arbëreshë_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Arbëreshë_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable Arbëreshë people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Arbëreshë_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notelist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notelist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notelist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notelist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arbëreshë people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="أربيريشي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أربيريشي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbere%C5%9Fi" title="Arbereşi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arbereşi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Арберештар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Арберештар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Арберэшы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арберэшы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Арбъреши – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арбъреши" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arberecheg" title="Arberecheg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arberecheg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" title="Arbëreshë – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arbëreshë" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbere%C5%A1ov%C3%A9" title="Arberešové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arberešové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arberesh" title="Arberesh – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arberesh" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh" title="Arbëresh – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arbëresh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbere%C5%A1id" title="Arberešid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arberešid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" title="Arbëreshë – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arbëreshë" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbere%C5%9Doj" title="Arbereŝoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arbereŝoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" title="Arbëreshë – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arbëreshë" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="مردم آربرش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم آربرش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arber%C3%A8ches" title="Arberèches – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arberèches" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" title="Pobo arbëreshë – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo arbëreshë" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EB%B2%84%EB%A0%88%EC%85%94%EC%9D%B8" title="아르버레셔인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아르버레셔인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B7%D5%AB" title="Արբերեշի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արբերեշի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" title="Arbëreshë – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arbëreshë" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" title="Arbëreshë – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arbëreshë" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arberesca_gens" title="Arberesca gens – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Arberesca gens" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet%C5%B3_Italijos_albanai" title="Pietų Italijos albanai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pietų Italijos albanai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arberesek" title="Arberesek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arberesek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%89" title="اربيريشى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اربيريشى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" title="Arbëreshë – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arbëreshë" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" title="Arbëreshë – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Arbëreshë" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" title="Arbëreshë – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arbëreshë" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arboresze" title="Arboresze – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arboresze" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" title="Arbëreshë – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arbëreshë" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Арбереши – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арбереши" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" title="Arbëreshë – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Arbëreshë" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%ABt_n%C3%AB_Itali" title="Arbëreshët në Itali – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arbëreshët në Itali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" title="Arbëreshë – Sicilian" 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Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arberesjer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C4%B1re%C5%9Fler" title="Arbıreşler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arbıreşler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%96" title="Арбереші – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арбереші" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Arbëreshë (disambiguation)">Arbëreshë (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Arbanasi_people" title="Arbanasi people">Arbanasi people</a> or <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Italy" title="Albanians in Italy">Albanians in Italy</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org"><i>Arbëreshë</i></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>Albanians of Italy  <b>·</b>  Italo-Albanians</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB.png/250px-Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB.png/375px-Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB.png/500px-Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3646" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Albanian settlements of Italy <br /><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:L%27Albanese_d%27Italia_-_Lista.jpg">(numbered list)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">100,000<sup id="cite_ref-population_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–260,000<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh_language" title="Arbëresh language">Arbëresh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/18px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/27px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/36px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <br /><small><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Eastern Catholicism (Italo-Albanian Church)</a><br />(minority: <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arberia_Parish" title="Arberia Parish">Russian Orthodoxy</a>) </small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arbanasi_people" title="Arbanasi people">Arbanasi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arvanites" title="Arvanites">Arvanites</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_people" title="Category:Albanian people">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:none;text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albanians#Distribution" title="Albanians">Geographical distribution</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Native</b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvanites" title="Arvanites">Greece</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Montenegro" title="Albanians in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanians in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Serbia" title="Albanians in Serbia">Serbia</a></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Diaspora</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Greece" title="Albanians in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Italy" title="Albanians in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bulgaria" title="Albanians in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Egypt" title="Albanians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Germany" title="Albanians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Romania" title="Albanians in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_South_America" title="Albanians in South America">South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Spain" title="Albanians in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Switzerland" title="Albanians in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Turkey" title="Albanians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Ukraine" title="Albanians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Albanians in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:none;text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian culture">Albanian culture</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian architecture">Architecture</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_art" title="Albanian art">Art</a> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_traditional_tattooing" title="Albanian traditional tattooing">Traditional tattooing</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Cuisine</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Customary law</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian dance">Dance</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian dress">Dress</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_epic_poetry" title="Albanian epic poetry">Epic poetry</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2ng%C3%AB_Kreshnik%C3%ABsh" title="Kângë Kreshnikësh">Kângë Kreshnikësh</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_folklore" title="Albanian folklore">Folklore</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Gjakmarrje" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjakmarrje">Gjakmarrje</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Vajtim" class="mw-redirect" title="Vajtim">Gjamë/Vajtim</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_literature" title="Albanian literature">Literature</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian music">Music</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Oda_(Albania)" title="Oda (Albania)">Oda</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_paganism" title="Albanian paganism">Paganism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Albania" title="National symbols of Albania">Symbols</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Albania" title="Traditions of Albania">Traditions</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_tribes" title="Albanian tribes">Tribes (<i>farefisní</i>)</a> </li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:none;text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian language</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Gheg_Albanian" title="Gheg Albanian">Gheg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbanasi_dialect" title="Arbanasi dialect">Arbanasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Reka_Albanian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Reka Albanian dialect">Upper Reka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Albanian" title="Istrian Albanian">Istrian</a></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Tosk_Albanian" title="Tosk Albanian">Tosk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh_language" title="Arbëresh language">Arbëresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvanitika_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arvanitika language">Arvanitika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanian_dialect" title="Cham Albanian dialect">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lab_Albanian_dialect" title="Lab Albanian dialect">Lab</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:none;text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albanians#Religion" title="Albanians">Religion</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Albania" title="Christianity in Albania">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholicism_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism in Albania">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian Greek-Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodoxy in Albania">Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Albania" title="Islam in Albania">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunnism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bektashism" title="Bektashism">Bektashism</a></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in Albania">Judaism</a> </li></ul> </div> <hr /></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Albanians" title="Origin of the Albanians">Origin of the Albanians</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albanians" title="Template:Albanians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albanians" title="Template talk:Albanians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albanians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albanians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Arbëreshë</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sq-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Albanian" title="Help:IPA/Albanian">[aɾbəˈɾɛʃ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Arbëreshët e Italisë</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Albanesi d'Italia</i>), also known as <b>Albanians of Italy</b> or <b>Italo-Albanians</b>, are an <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistic_group" title="Ethnolinguistic group">ethnolinguistic group</a> minority historically settled in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insular_Italy" title="Insular Italy">Insular Italy</a> (in the regions of <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a>, mostly concentrated in the region of <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-MinniCiampolini1990_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MinniCiampolini1990-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are the descendants of Albanian refugees settled in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a> who fled from <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Principality of Albania (medieval)">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a>, and later some from the numerous <a href="/wiki/Arvanites" title="Arvanites">Albanian communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morea" title="Morea">Morea</a>, between the 14th and the 18th centuries following the death of the national hero <a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Kastrioti_Skanderbeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg">Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg</a> and the gradual conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> Turks. Their culture is determined by the main features that are found in <a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh_language" title="Arbëresh language">language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">religious rite</a>, traditional costume, art and gastronomy, still zealously preserved, with the awareness of belonging to a specific ethnic group. </p><p>Over the centuries, the Arbëreshë have managed to maintain and develop their identities, thanks to their cultural value exercised mainly by the religious communities of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nowadays, most of the fifty Arbëreshë communities are adherents to the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian Church</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Church</a>. They belong to two eparchies, the <a href="/wiki/Eparchy_of_Lungro" class="mw-redirect" title="Eparchy of Lungro">Lungro</a>, for the Arbëreshë of Continental <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eparchy_of_Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi">Piana degli Albanesi</a>, for the Arbëreshë of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Abbey_of_St._Mary_of_Grottaferrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Abbey of St. Mary of Grottaferrata">Monastery of Grottaferrata</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Basilian_monks" title="Basilian monks">Basilian monks</a> come largely from the Albanian settlements of Italy. The church is the most important organization for maintaining the characteristic religious, ethnic, linguistic and traditional identity of the Arbëreshë community.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Arbëreshë speak <i><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh_language" title="Arbëresh language">Arbërisht</a></i>, an old variant of the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian language</a> which derives from the <a href="/wiki/Tosk_Albanian" title="Tosk Albanian">Tosk Albanian</a> spoken in central-southern Albania and Epirus.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Italy the Albanian Arbëresh language is protected by law number 482/99, concerning the protection of the historic <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_minorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic minorities">linguistic minorities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Arbëreshë are scattered also in other parts of Italy. They are in great numbers in North and South America, especially in the US, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and Canada, and in the various parts of central-northern Europe. It is estimated that there are about 100,000 Italo-Albanians (400,000 if including those outside of Italy); they constitute one of the oldest and largest <a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Minorities in Italy">minorities in Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When speaking about their "nation", Arbëresh use the term <i>Arbëria</i>, a loose geographical term for the scattered villages in southern Italy which use Arbëresh language.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the light of historical events, the secular continuity of the Albanian presence in Italy is exceptional. In 2017, an official application for inclusion of the Arbëresh people has been submitted to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as a living human and social intangible cultural heritage of humanity by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Albania">Government of Albania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arbitali_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Arbitali_map.png/220px-Arbitali_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Arbitali_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="305" /></a><figcaption>The regions of Italy where there is an Albanian minority</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Villa_Badessa_Kirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Villa_Badessa_Kirche.jpg/220px-Villa_Badessa_Kirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Villa_Badessa_Kirche.jpg/330px-Villa_Badessa_Kirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Villa_Badessa_Kirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_Badessa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa Badessa (page does not exist)">Villa Badessa</a> (Badhesa) in <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barile_(PZ).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Barile_%28PZ%29.jpg/220px-Barile_%28PZ%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Barile_%28PZ%29.jpg/330px-Barile_%28PZ%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Barile_%28PZ%29.jpg/440px-Barile_%28PZ%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barile" title="Barile">Barile</a> (Barilli) in <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Civita_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Civita_panorama.jpg/220px-Civita_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Civita_panorama.jpg/330px-Civita_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Civita_panorama.jpg/440px-Civita_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Civita,_Calabria" title="Civita, Calabria">Civita</a> (Çifti) in <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greci_(Italy)_panorama.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Greci_%28Italy%29_panorama.jpeg/220px-Greci_%28Italy%29_panorama.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Greci_%28Italy%29_panorama.jpeg/330px-Greci_%28Italy%29_panorama.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Greci_%28Italy%29_panorama.jpeg/440px-Greci_%28Italy%29_panorama.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1058" data-file-height="833" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Greci,_Campania" title="Greci, Campania">Greci</a> (Katundi) in <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ururi01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ururi01.jpg/220px-Ururi01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ururi01.jpg/330px-Ururi01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ururi01.jpg/440px-Ururi01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ururi" title="Ururi">Ururi</a> (Ruri) in <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casalvecchio_di_Puglia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Casalvecchio_di_Puglia.jpg/220px-Casalvecchio_di_Puglia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Casalvecchio_di_Puglia.jpg/330px-Casalvecchio_di_Puglia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Casalvecchio_di_Puglia.jpg/440px-Casalvecchio_di_Puglia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Casalvecchio_di_Puglia" title="Casalvecchio di Puglia">Casalvecchio</a> (or Kazallveqi), in <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pamje_e_Hor%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%ABvet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pamje_e_Hor%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%ABvet.jpg/220px-Pamje_e_Hor%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%ABvet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pamje_e_Hor%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%ABvet.jpg/330px-Pamje_e_Hor%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%ABvet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pamje_e_Hor%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%ABvet.jpg/440px-Pamje_e_Hor%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%ABvet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6254" data-file-height="1550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Piana degli Albanesi">Piana degli Albanesi</a> (Hora e Arbëreshëvet) in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Arbëresh villages maintain two or three names, an Italian one as well as one or two native <a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh_language" title="Arbëresh language">Arbëresh</a> names by which villagers know the place. The Arbëreshë communities are divided into numerous ethnic islands corresponding to different areas of southern Italy. However, some places have already lost their original characteristics and the language, and others have totally disappeared. Today, Italy has 50 communities of Arbëreshë origin and culture, 41 municipalities and 9 villages, spread across seven regions of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a>, forming a population of about 100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-population_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some cultural islands survive in the metropolitan areas of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chieri" title="Chieri">Chieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cosenza" title="Cosenza">Cosenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crotone" title="Crotone">Crotone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>. In the rest of the world, following the migrations of the twentieth century to countries such as <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, there are strong communities that keep Arbëreshë traditions alive. </p><p>The full list of the Arbëresh Communities in Italy is:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pescara" title="Province of Pescara">Province of Pescara</a> <ul><li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Badessa" class="extiw" title="it:Villa Badessa">Villa Badessa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frazione" title="Frazione">frazione</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rosciano" title="Rosciano">Rosciano</a>): <i>Badhesa</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Campobasso" title="Province of Campobasso">Province of Campobasso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campomarino" title="Campomarino">Campomarino</a>: <i>Këmarini</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montecilfone" title="Montecilfone">Montecilfone</a>: <i>Munxhufuni</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portocannone" title="Portocannone">Portocannone</a>: <i>Portkanuni</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ururi" title="Ururi">Ururi</a>: <i>Rùri</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Avellino" title="Province of Avellino">Province of Avellino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greci,_Campania" title="Greci, Campania">Greci</a>: <i>Katundi</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Foggia" title="Province of Foggia">Province of Foggia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casalvecchio_di_Puglia" title="Casalvecchio di Puglia">Casalvecchio di Puglia</a>: <i>Kazallveqi</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chieuti" title="Chieuti">Chieuti</a>: <i>Qefti</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Taranto" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia di Taranto">Provincia di Taranto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Marzano_di_San_Giuseppe" title="San Marzano di San Giuseppe">San Marzano di San Giuseppe</a>: <i>Shën Marcani</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Potenza" title="Province of Potenza">Province of Potenza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barile" title="Barile">Barile</a>: <i>Barilli</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginestra" title="Ginestra">Ginestra</a>: <i>Zhura</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maschito" title="Maschito">Maschito</a>: <i>Mashqiti</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rionero_in_Vulture" title="Rionero in Vulture">Rionero in Vulture</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>A-Rionero</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Costantino_Albanese" title="San Costantino Albanese">San Costantino Albanese</a>: <i>Shën Kostandini Arbëresh</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Paolo_Albanese" title="San Paolo Albanese">San Paolo Albanese</a>: <i>Shën Pali Arbëresh</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Catanzaro" title="Province of Catanzaro">Province of Catanzaro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andali" title="Andali">Andali</a>: <i>Andalli</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraffa_di_Catanzaro" title="Caraffa di Catanzaro">Caraffa di Catanzaro</a>: <i>Garafa</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcedusa" title="Marcedusa">Marcedusa</a>: <i>Marçëdhuza</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maida,_Calabria" title="Maida, Calabria">Vena di Maida</a> (frazione of <a href="/wiki/Maida,_Calabria" title="Maida, Calabria">Maida</a>): <i>Vina</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagarise" title="Zagarise">Zagarise</a> : <i>Zagari</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cosenza" title="Province of Cosenza">Province of Cosenza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquaformosa" title="Acquaformosa">Acquaformosa</a>: <i>Firmoza</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantinella_(Italia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantinella (Italia) (page does not exist)">Cantinella</a> (frazione of <a href="/wiki/Corigliano-Rossano" title="Corigliano-Rossano">Corigliano-Rossano</a>): <i>Kantinela</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerzeto" title="Cerzeto">Cerzeto</a> (in the commune of Cerzeto): <i>Qana</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castroregio" title="Castroregio">Castroregio</a>: <i>Kastërnexhi</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavallerizzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cavallerizzo (page does not exist)">Cavallerizzo</a> (frazione of <a href="/wiki/Cerzeto" title="Cerzeto">Cerzeto</a>): <i>Kajverici</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civita,_Calabria" title="Civita, Calabria">Civita</a>: <i>Çifti</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eianina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eianina (page does not exist)">Eianina</a> (frazione of <a href="/wiki/Frascineto" title="Frascineto">Frascineto</a>): <i>Purçìll</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconara_Albanese" title="Falconara Albanese">Falconara Albanese</a>: <i>Fullkunara</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farneta" title="Farneta">Farneta</a> (frazione of <a href="/wiki/Castroregio" title="Castroregio">Castroregio</a>): <i>Farneta</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firmo" title="Firmo">Firmo</a>: <i>Ferma</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frascineto" title="Frascineto">Frascineto</a>: <i>Frasnita</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lungro" title="Lungro">Lungro</a>: <i>Ungra</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macchia_Albanese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macchia Albanese (page does not exist)">Macchia Albanese</a> (frazione of <a href="/wiki/San_Demetrio_Corone" title="San Demetrio Corone">San Demetrio Corone</a>): <i>Maqi</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malito" title="Malito">Malito</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marri_(San_Benedetto_Ullano)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marri (San Benedetto Ullano) (page does not exist)">Marri</a> (frazione of <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Benedetto_Ulolano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Benedetto Ulolano (page does not exist)">San Benedetto Ulolano</a>): <i>Allimarri</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongrassano" title="Mongrassano">Mongrassano</a>: <i>Mungrasana</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plataci" title="Plataci">Plataci</a>: <i>Pllatëni</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Basile" title="San Basile">San Basile</a>: <i>Shën Vasili</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Benedetto_Ullano" title="San Benedetto Ullano">San Benedetto Ullano</a>: <i>Shën Benedhiti</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Caterina_Albanese" title="Santa Caterina Albanese">Santa Caterina Albanese</a>: <i>Picilia</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Cosmo_Albanese" title="San Cosmo Albanese">San Cosmo Albanese</a> <i>Strihàri</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Demetrio_Corone" title="San Demetrio Corone">San Demetrio Corone</a>: <i>Shën Mitri</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giorgio_Albanese" title="San Giorgio Albanese">San Giorgio Albanese</a>: <i>Mbuzati</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giacomo_di_Cerzeto" class="mw-redirect" title="San Giacomo di Cerzeto">San Giacomo di Cerzeto</a> (frazione of <a href="/wiki/Cerzeto" title="Cerzeto">Cerzeto</a>): <i>Shën Japku</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Martino_di_Finita" title="San Martino di Finita">San Martino di Finita</a>: <i>Shën Mërtiri</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia_d%27Epiro" title="Santa Sofia d'Epiro">Santa Sofia d'Epiro</a>: <i>Shën Sofia</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spezzano_Albanese" title="Spezzano Albanese">Spezzano Albanese</a>: <i>Spixana</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccarizzo_Albanese" title="Vaccarizzo Albanese">Vaccarizzo Albanese</a>: <i>Vakarici</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Crotone" title="Province of Crotone">Province of Crotone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carfizzi" title="Carfizzi">Carfizzi</a>: <i>Karfici</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallagorio" title="Pallagorio">Pallagorio</a>: <i>Puhëriu</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicola_dell%27Alto" title="San Nicola dell'Alto">San Nicola dell'Alto</a> <i>Shën Kolli</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Catania" title="Province of Catania">Province of Catania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biancavilla" title="Biancavilla">Biancavilla</a>: <i>Callìcari</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palermo" title="Province of Palermo">Province of Palermo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contessa_Entellina" title="Contessa Entellina">Contessa Entellina</a>: <i>Kuntisa</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Piana degli Albanesi">Piana degli Albanesi</a>: <i>Hora e Arbëreshëvet</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cristina_Gela" title="Santa Cristina Gela">Santa Cristina Gela</a>: <i>Sëndahstina</i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_of_Albanian_origin">Community of Albanian origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Community of Albanian origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are also more than thirty ancient Albanian centers that have lost, in different historical periods and for various reasons, the use of the Albanian language and are thus characterized by a lack of historical and cultural heritage of the Arbëresh: for Emilia-Romagna they are Pievetta and Bosco Tosca, hamlets of Castel San Giovanni (PC); for Lazio it is Pianiano (VT), a hamlet of Cellere; for Molise it is Santa Croce di Magliano (CB); for Campania in the province of Caserta it is Alife; for Puglia they are Casalnuovo Monterotaro, Castelluccio dei Sauri, San Paolo di Civitate (FG), Monteparano, San Giorgio Ionico, San Crispieri, Faggiano, Roccaforzata, Monteiasi, Carosino, Montemesola (TA); for Basilicata they are Brindisi Montagna, Rionero in Vulture (PZ); for Calabria are Cervicati (Çervikat), Mongrassano (Mungrasana), Rota Greca (Rrota), San Lorenzo del Vallo (Sullarënxa '), Sartano, Serra d'Aiello (Serrë, CS), Amato, Arietta (Arjèta), fraction of Petronà, Gizzeria (Jacaria) and the hamlets Mortilla (Mortilë) and Gizzeria Lido (Zalli i Jacarisë), Zagarise, Zangarona (Xingarona), fraction of Lamezia Terme, (CZ); for Sicily they are Mezzojuso (Munxifsi), Palazzo Adriano (Pallaci, PA), Sant'Angelo Muxaro (Shënt'Ëngjëlli, AG), Biancavilla (Callìcari), Bronte (Brontë), San Michele di Ganzaria (Shën Mikelli, CT). </p><p>The communities of <a href="/wiki/Mezzojuso" title="Mezzojuso">Mezzojuso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Adriano" title="Palazzo Adriano">Palazzo Adriano</a>, in the province of Palermo, are to be considered a particular case, since, despite having lost the Albanian language and the customs of origin, they have kept the Greek-Byzantine rite, a peculiar pillar - together with language and customs - of the Albanian identity of the diaspora. In this case the identity is preserved in the religious aspect and in the historical memory. The communities of <a href="/wiki/Cervicati" title="Cervicati">Cervicati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongrassano" title="Mongrassano">Mongrassano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rota_Greca" title="Rota Greca">Rota Greca</a>, in the province of Cosenza, preserve the memory of the original cultural heritage. </p><p>The Albanian migrations, since the beginning of the long diaspora, led to the formation of medium-small arbëreshe communities well integrated in numerous existing cities of central-northern Italy (in particular, Venice) and in the Crown of Aragon (Naples, Bari, Altamura, Barletta, Andria, Trani, Foggia, Bovino, San Severo, Lecce, Brindisi, Potenza, Matera, Melfi, Caltagirone and Piazza Armerina), in most cases reality - again for different reasons - assimilated by the surrounding culture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_islands,_migrations_and_the_modern_Albanian_diaspora"><span id="Cultural_islands.2C_migrations_and_the_modern_Albanian_diaspora"></span>Cultural islands, migrations and the modern Albanian diaspora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cultural islands, migrations and the modern Albanian diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Relevant cultural islands survive in the large metropolitan areas of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cosenza" title="Cosenza">Cosenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crotone" title="Crotone">Crotone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>. In the rest of the world, following the migrations of the twentieth century in countries such as <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> there are strong communities that they keep the Arbëreshë language and traditions alive. </p><p>Since 1990, with the fall of the post-Bolshevik communist regime in Albania, significant communities of shqiptarë (Albanians of Albania) have entered and integrated into the social fabric of the Italian-Albanian towns. With the struggle for the independence of Kosovo (2008) a very recent group of Albanians, victims of the ethnic cleansing of the Yugoslav regime, has also integrated itself into the various Albanian communities of Italy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnonym">Ethnonym</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ethnonym"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Albanians_and_Albania" title="Names of the Albanians and Albania">Names of the Albanians and Albania</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the native <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> in the area of Albania called their country <i>Arbëri</i> or <i>Arbëni</i> and referred to themselves as <i>Arbëreshë</i> or <i>Arbëneshë</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the sixteenth century, the toponym <i>Shqipëria</i> and the demonym <i>Shqiptarë</i> gradually replaced <i>Arbëria</i> and <i>Arbëresh</i> respectively. Nowadays, only the Albanians in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, whose ancestors immigrated from the Middle Ages, are called Arbëresh and the language <a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbëreshë language">Arbërisht</a>. The term <i>Arbëreshë</i> and its variants are also used as <a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">endonyms</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Arbanasi_people" title="Arbanasi people">Arbanasi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arvanites" title="Arvanites">Arvanites</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_migrations">Early migrations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early migrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barletius_Historia_de_vita_Scanderbegi_(1743).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Barletius_Historia_de_vita_Scanderbegi_%281743%29.jpg/165px-Barletius_Historia_de_vita_Scanderbegi_%281743%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Barletius_Historia_de_vita_Scanderbegi_%281743%29.jpg/248px-Barletius_Historia_de_vita_Scanderbegi_%281743%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Barletius_Historia_de_vita_Scanderbegi_%281743%29.jpg/330px-Barletius_Historia_de_vita_Scanderbegi_%281743%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a> led 2,500 Albanian soldiers into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> in 1461<sup id="cite_ref-PTZ_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PTZ-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Varna_(Amman)2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Battle_of_Varna_%28Amman%292.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Varna_%28Amman%292.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Battle_of_Varna_%28Amman%292.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Varna_%28Amman%292.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Battle_of_Varna_%28Amman%292.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torvioll" title="Battle of Torvioll">Battle of Torvioll</a> in 1444 was the first confrontation between <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a>'s Albanians and the Ottoman Turks</figcaption></figure> <p>The invasion of the Balkans by the Ottoman Turks in the 15th century forced many Arbëreshë to emigrate from Albania and <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> then called <a href="/wiki/Morea" title="Morea">Morea</a> and other Islands to <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a>. There were several waves of migrations. In 1448, the King of Naples <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">Alfonso V of Aragon</a> appealed to <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a> to help suppress a revolt at <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>. Skanderbeg sent a force under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Demetrio_Reres" title="Demetrio Reres">Demetrio Reres</a>, and his two sons. Following a request by the Albanian soldiers, King Alfonso granted them land and they were settled in twelve villages in the mountainous area called <a href="/wiki/Catanzaro" title="Catanzaro">Catanzaro</a> in 1448. A year later the sons of Demetrio, George and Basil along with other Albanians were settled in four villages in Sicily.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1461, the son of Alfonso, king <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Naples" title="Ferdinand I of Naples">Ferdinand I of Naples</a> again requested the help of <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a>. This time, the legendary leader himself came to Italy with his troops led by one of his generals, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luca_Baffa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luca Baffa (page does not exist)">Luca Baffa</a>, to end a French-supported insurrection. Skanderbeg was appointed as the leader of the combined Neapolitan-Albanian army and, after winning two decisive battles, the Albanian soldiers effectively defended Naples. This time they were rewarded with land east of <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a> in Apulia, populating 15 other villages. From the history we know that region of Puglia since 4-5 century BC was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Iapygians" title="Iapygians">Iapygian</a> tribes such as <a href="/wiki/Daunians" title="Daunians">Daunians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peuceti" class="mw-redirect" title="Peuceti">Peuceti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Messapians" title="Messapians">Messapians</a>. <a href="/wiki/Messapic_language" title="Messapic language">Messapic language</a>, according to some researchers, its same like Albanian language. "<i>bila</i>" means daughter. In region of <a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB" title="Vlorë">Vlorë</a> daughter is called the same as the Mesapians called it :"<i>Bila</i>", in the other regions of Albania is called "<i>Bija</i>". <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of Skanderbeg in 1468, the organized Albanian resistance against the Ottomans came to an end. Like much of the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> became subject to the invading Turks. Many of its people under the rule of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luca_Baffa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luca Baffa (page does not exist)">Luca Baffa</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Becci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Becci (page does not exist)">Marco Becci</a> fled to the neighboring countries and settled in a few villages in Calabria. From the time of Skanderbeg's death until 1480 there were constant migrations of Albanians to the Italian coast. Throughout the 16th century, these migrations continued and other Albanian villages were formed on Italian soil.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new immigrants often took up work as mercenaries hired by Italian armies. </p><p>According to some <a href="/wiki/Albanology" title="Albanology">albanologists</a>, this historiographic tradition was created <i>ad hoc</i>, as they believe that the resistance of Skanderbeg against the Turks was not the major factor that produced the Albanian migration to Italy. Indeed, scholars argue that Albanians have migrated from the western Balkans to Italy through several waves since the Middle Ages, even before Skanderbeg's period.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another wave of emigration, between 1500 and 1534, relates to Arbëreshë from central Greece. Employed as mercenaries by <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, they had to evacuate the colonies of the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> with the assistance of the troops of <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a>, as the Turks had invaded that region. Charles V established these troops in southern Italy to reinforce defenses against the threat of Turkish invasion. Established in isolated villages (which enabled them to maintain their culture until the 20th century), Arbëreshë were, traditionally, soldiers for the Kingdom of Naples and the Republic of Venice, from the Wars of Religion to the Napoleonic invasion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_migrations">Later migrations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later migrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The wave of migration from southern Italy to the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> in 1900–1910 and 1920–1940 depopulated approximately half of the Arbëreshë villages, and subjected the population to the risk of cultural disappearance, despite the beginning of a cultural and artistic revival in the 19th century. </p><p>Since the end of <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> in 1990, there has been a wave of immigration into Arbëreshë villages by Albanians.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italia_albania1859.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ethnographic map: 1859 depicting the Albanian population in green"><img alt="Ethnographic map: 1859 depicting the Albanian population in green" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Italia_albania1859.jpg/120px-Italia_albania1859.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Italia_albania1859.jpg/180px-Italia_albania1859.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Italia_albania1859.jpg/240px-Italia_albania1859.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="988" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ethnographic map: 1859 depicting the Albanian population in green</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albanian_dialects.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albanian ethno-linguistic territories"><img alt="Albanian ethno-linguistic territories" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Albanian_dialects.svg/120px-Albanian_dialects.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Albanian_dialects.svg/180px-Albanian_dialects.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Albanian_dialects.svg/240px-Albanian_dialects.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Albanian ethno-linguistic territories</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh_language" title="Arbëresh language">Arbëresh language</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albanian-dialects.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Albanian-dialects.svg/400px-Albanian-dialects.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Albanian-dialects.svg/600px-Albanian-dialects.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Albanian-dialects.svg/800px-Albanian-dialects.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1949" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh_language" title="Arbëresh language">Arbërisht</a> language classification</figcaption></figure> <p>Arbëresh derives from the <a href="/wiki/Tosk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tosk">Tosk</a> dialect spoken in southern <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, and is spoken in Southern Italy in the regions of <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abruzzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abruzzi">Abruzzi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. All dialects of Arbëresh are closely related to each other. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greci_(Italy)_road_sign.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Greci_%28Italy%29_road_sign.jpeg/200px-Greci_%28Italy%29_road_sign.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Greci_%28Italy%29_road_sign.jpeg/300px-Greci_%28Italy%29_road_sign.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Greci_%28Italy%29_road_sign.jpeg/400px-Greci_%28Italy%29_road_sign.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption>A multingual billboard near <a href="/wiki/Greci,_Campania" title="Greci, Campania">Greci, Campania</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piana_degli_Albanesi_(PA)_-_segnali_stradali_bilingui_-_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Piana_degli_Albanesi_%28PA%29_-_segnali_stradali_bilingui_-_05.jpg/200px-Piana_degli_Albanesi_%28PA%29_-_segnali_stradali_bilingui_-_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Piana_degli_Albanesi_%28PA%29_-_segnali_stradali_bilingui_-_05.jpg/300px-Piana_degli_Albanesi_%28PA%29_-_segnali_stradali_bilingui_-_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Piana_degli_Albanesi_%28PA%29_-_segnali_stradali_bilingui_-_05.jpg/400px-Piana_degli_Albanesi_%28PA%29_-_segnali_stradali_bilingui_-_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>Bilingual road signs (in Italian and Albanian) in <a href="/wiki/Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Piana degli Albanesi">Piana degli Albanesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Arbëresh language retains many archaisms of medieval Albanian from pre-<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> Albania in the 15th century. It also retains some <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a> elements, including vocabulary and pronunciation. It has also preserved some conservative features that were lost in mainstream Albanian <a href="/wiki/Tosk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tosk">Tosk</a>. For example, it has preserved certain syllable-initial consonant clusters which have been simplified in Standard Albanian (cf. Arbërisht <i>gluhë</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈɡluxə/</span> ('language/tongue'), vs. Standard Albanian <i>gjuhë</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈɟuhə/</span>). It sounds more archaic than Standard Albanian, but is close enough that it is written using the same <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> alphabet as Standard Albanian. A <a href="/wiki/Shqiptar" title="Shqiptar">Shqiptar</a> (Albanian) listening to or reading Arbërisht is similar to a modern English speaker listening to or reading <a href="/wiki/Shakespearean" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespearean">Shakespearean</a> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. The Arbëresh language is of particular interest to students of the modern Albanian language as it represents the sounds, grammar, and vocabulary of pre-Ottoman Albania. </p><p>Arbërisht was commonly called <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Albanese</i></span> ("Albanian" in Italian) in Italy until the 1990s. Until recently, Arbërisht speakers had only very imprecise notions about how related or unrelated their language was to Albanian. Until the 1980s Arbërisht was exclusively a spoken language, except for its written form used in the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian Church</a>, and Arbëreshë people had no practical affiliation with the Standard Albanian language used in Albania, as they did not use this form in writing or in media. When a large number of immigrants from Albania began to enter Italy in the 1990s, they came into contact with local Arbëreshë communities. </p><p>Since the 1980s, some efforts have been organized to preserve the cultural and linguistic heritage of the language. Arbërisht has been under a slow decline in recent decades, but is currently experiencing a revival in many villages in Italy. Figures such as <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Schir%C3%B2_Di_Maggio" title="Giuseppe Schirò Di Maggio">Giuseppe Schirò Di Maggio</a> have done much work on school books and other language learning tools in the language, producing two books <i>Udha e Mbarë</i> and <i>Udhëtimi</i>, both used in schools in the village of <a href="/wiki/Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Piana degli Albanesi">Piana degli Albanesi</a>. </p><p>Linguists focusing on the language include (Albanian) Eda Derhemi,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (diaspora born) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Di_Maggio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Di Maggio (page does not exist)">Martin Di Maggio</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as (Piana degli Albanesi native) Vito Matranga.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no official political, administrative or cultural structure which represents the Arbëresh community. Arbërësh is not one of the group of minority languages that enjoy the special protection of the State under Article 6 of the Italian Constitution. At the regional level, however, Arbërisht is accorded some degree of official recognition in the autonomy statutes of Calabria, Basilicata and Molise. </p> <ul><li>In the case of <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, the region is to provide for recognition of the historical culture and artistic heritage of the populations of Arbëresh origin and to promote the teaching of the two languages in the places where they are spoken.</li> <li>Article 5 of the autonomy statute of <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a> lays down that the regional authorities "shall promote renewed appreciation of the originality of the linguistic and cultural heritage of the local communities".</li> <li>Finally, the autonomy statute of the <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a> region stipulates that the region "shall be the guardian of the linguistic and historical heritage and of the popular traditions of the ethnic communities existing in its territory and, by agreement with the interested municipalities, shall promote renewed appreciation of them".</li></ul> <p>In certain communes the local authorities support cultural and linguistic activities promoted by the Arbëresh communities and have agreed to the erection of bilingual road signs.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are associations that try to protect the culture, particularly in the province of Cosenza. The Arbëresh language is used in some private radios and publications. The fundamental laws of the areas of Molise, Basilicata and Calabria make reference to the Arbëresh language and culture. Nevertheless, the increase in training in the use of the written language has given some hope for the continuity of this culture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2009</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Albanian_literature" title="Albanian literature">Albanian literature</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_Arbëreshë_literature"><span id="Early_Arb.C3.ABresh.C3.AB_literature"></span>Early Arbëreshë literature</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Early Arbëreshë literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first work of Italo-Albanian literature was that of Sicilian archpriest <a href="/wiki/Luca_Matranga" title="Luca Matranga">Luca Matranga</a> (1567–1619). The book was titled <i>E mbsuama e krështerë</i> (Christian Doctrine) and it was a simple religious translation in Arbëresh language, aiming at bringing Christianity closer to his people is Southern Italy. While during the 17th century there were no Arbëresh writers, in the 18th century there was <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Variboba" title="Giulio Variboba">Giulio Variboba</a> (1724–1788, <span title="Albanian-language text"><span lang="sq" style="font-style: normal;">Jul Variboba</span></span>), regarded by many Albanians as the first genuine poet in all of Albanian literature.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Born in San Giorgio Albanese (Mbuzati) and educated in Corsini Seminary in San Benedetto Ullano, after many polemics with local priest he went to exile in Rome in 1761 and there he published in 1762 his long lyric poem <i>Ghiella e Shën Mëriis Virghiër</i> (The life of Virgin Mary). The poem has been written entirely in dialect of San Giorgio and has about 4717 lines. Variboba is considered unique in Albanian literature for his poetic sensitivities and the variety of rhythmic expression. Another known artistic figure of that time was <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Chetta" title="Nicola Chetta">Nicola Chetta</a> (1740–1803) known in Albanian as <i>Nikollë Keta</i>. As a poet he wrote verses both in Albanian and Greek language and he has also composed the first Albanian sonnet in 1777. Being a poet, lexicographer, linguist, historian, theologian and rector of Greek seminary, his variety and universality of work distinguish him from other writers of the period.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most prominent figure among Arbëresh writers and the foremost figure of the <a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="National Renaissance of Albania">Albanian nationalist movement</a> in 19th-century Italy was that of <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_de_Rada" title="Girolamo de Rada">Girolamo de Rada</a> (<span title="Albanian-language text"><span lang="sq" style="font-style: normal;">Jeronim De Rada</span></span>). Born the son of a parish priest of <a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian Catholic Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Demetrio_Corone" title="San Demetrio Corone">Macchia Albanese</a> (<span title="Albanian-language text"><span lang="sq" style="font-style: normal;">Maqi</span></span>) in the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Cosenza" title="Cosenza">Cosenza</a>, De Rada attended the college of Saint Adrian in San Demetrio Corone. In October 1834, in accordance with his father's wishes, he registered at the Faculty of Law of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Naples">University of Naples</a>, but the main focus of his interests remained folklore and <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>. It was in Naples in 1836 that De Rada published the first edition of his best-known Albanian-language poem, the "Songs of Milosao", under the Italian title <i>Poesie albanesi del secolo XV. Canti di Milosao, figlio del despota di Scutari</i> (Albanian poetry from the 15th century. Songs of Milosao, son of the <a href="/wiki/Despot_(court_title)" title="Despot (court title)">despot</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shkodra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shkodra">Shkodra</a>). His second work, <i>Canti storici albanesi di Serafina Thopia, moglie del principe Nicola Ducagino</i>, Naples 1839 (Albanian historical songs of Serafina Thopia, wife of prince <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Dukagjini" title="Nicholas Dukagjini">Nicholas Dukagjini</a>), was seized by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> authorities because of De Rada's alleged affiliation with conspiratorial groups during the Italian <a href="/wiki/Risorgimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Risorgimento">Risorgimento</a>. The work was republished under the title <i>Canti di Serafina Thopia, principessa di Zadrina nel secolo XV</i>, Naples 1843 (Songs of Serafina Thopia, princess of Zadrina in the 15th century) and in later years in a third version as <i>Specchio di umano transito, vita di Serafina Thopia, Principessa di Ducagino</i>, Naples 1897 (Mirror of human transience, life of Serafina Thopia, princess of Dukagjin). His Italian-language historical tragedy <i>I Numidi</i>, Naples 1846 (The Numidians), elaborated half a century later as <i>Sofonisba, dramma storico</i>, Naples 1892 (Sofonisba, historical drama), enjoyed only modest public response. In the <a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">revolutionary</a> year 1848, De Rada founded the newspaper <i>L'Albanese d'Italia</i> (The Albanian of Italy) which included articles in Albanian. This bilingual "political, moral and literary journal" with a final circulation of 3,200 copies was the first Albanian-language periodical anywhere. </p><p>De Rada was the harbinger and first audible voice of the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic movement">Romantic movement</a> in Albanian literature, a movement which, inspired by his unfailing energy on behalf of national awakening among Albanians in Italy and in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, was to evolve into the romantic nationalism characteristic of the <a href="/wiki/Rilindja" class="mw-redirect" title="Rilindja">Rilindja</a> period in Albania. His journalistic, literary and political activities were instrumental not only in fostering an awareness for the Arbëresh minority in Italy but also in laying the foundations for an Albanian national literature. </p><p>The most popular of his literary works is the above-mentioned <i>Canti di Milosao</i> (Songs of Milosao), known in Albanian as <i>Këngët e Milosaos</i>, a long romantic ballad portraying the love of Milosao, a fictitious young nobleman in fifteenth-century Shkodra (Scutari), who has returned home from <a href="/wiki/Thessalonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a>. Here, at the village fountain, he encounters and falls in love with Rina, the daughter of the shepherd Kollogre. The difference in social standing between the lovers long impedes their union until an earthquake destroys both the city and all semblance of class distinction. After their marriage abroad, a child is born. But the period of marital bliss does not last long. Milosao's son and wife soon die, and he himself, wounded in battle, perishes on a riverbank within sight of Shkodra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="19th-century_Romantic_poets">19th-century Romantic poets</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 19th-century Romantic poets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2009</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Contemporary_literature">Contemporary literature</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Contemporary literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2009</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protection_of_language">Protection of language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Protection of language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Italo-Albanian_Church">The Italo-Albanian Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The Italo-Albanian Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Particular_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Particular church">particular church</a> <i>sui iuris</i>, includes three ecclesiastical jurisdictions: the <a href="/wiki/Eparchy_of_Lungro_degli_Italo-Albanesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Eparchy of Lungro degli Italo-Albanesi">Eparchy of Lungro degli Italo-Albanesi</a> for the Albanians of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Lungro" title="Lungro">Lungro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cosenza" title="Province of Cosenza">CS</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Eparchy_of_Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi">Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi</a> for Albanians of <a href="/wiki/Insular_Italy" title="Insular Italy">Insular Italy</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Piana degli Albanesi">Piana degli Albanesi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palermo" title="Province of Palermo">PA</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Abbacy_of_Santa_Maria_of_Grottaferrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Abbacy of Santa Maria of Grottaferrata">Territorial Abbacy of Santa Maria of Grottaferrata</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Basilian_monks" title="Basilian monks">Basilian monks</a> (O.S.B.I.) come from the Italo-Albanian communities, located in the only abbey and abbey church in Grottaferrata (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Rome" title="Province of Rome">RM</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Italo-Albanian Catholic Church being a Byzantine enclave in the Latin West, is secularly inclined to <a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">ecumenism</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It was the only abode of eastern Christianity from the end of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> until the twentieth century in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are institutions and religious congregations of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine rite">Byzantine rite</a> in the territory of the Italo-Albanian Church: the Basilian Order of Grottaferrata, the Collegine Sisters of Sacra Famiglia, Piccole operaie dei Sacri Cuori and the congregation of the Basilian Sisters Daughters of Saint Macrina.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Cattedrale_di_Lungro_costruita_nel_1721.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cathedral of Lungro of the Italo-Albanians of Southern Italy"><img alt="The Cathedral of Lungro of the Italo-Albanians of Southern Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/La_Cattedrale_di_Lungro_costruita_nel_1721.jpeg/190px-La_Cattedrale_di_Lungro_costruita_nel_1721.jpeg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/La_Cattedrale_di_Lungro_costruita_nel_1721.jpeg/285px-La_Cattedrale_di_Lungro_costruita_nel_1721.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/La_Cattedrale_di_Lungro_costruita_nel_1721.jpeg/380px-La_Cattedrale_di_Lungro_costruita_nel_1721.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Cathedral of Lungro of the Italo-Albanians of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Klisha_e_Sh%C3%ABn_Mitrit_D%C3%ABshmor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cathedral of Piana degli Albanesi of the Italo-Albanians of Sicily, Italy"><img alt="The Cathedral of Piana degli Albanesi of the Italo-Albanians of Sicily, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Klisha_e_Sh%C3%ABn_Mitrit_D%C3%ABshmor.jpg/112px-Klisha_e_Sh%C3%ABn_Mitrit_D%C3%ABshmor.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Klisha_e_Sh%C3%ABn_Mitrit_D%C3%ABshmor.jpg/169px-Klisha_e_Sh%C3%ABn_Mitrit_D%C3%ABshmor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Klisha_e_Sh%C3%ABn_Mitrit_D%C3%ABshmor.jpg/225px-Klisha_e_Sh%C3%ABn_Mitrit_D%C3%ABshmor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Piana_degli_Albanesi_Cathedral" title="Piana degli Albanesi Cathedral">Cathedral of Piana degli Albanesi</a> of the Italo-Albanians of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grottaferrata-abbazia01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Territorial Abbacy of Santa Maria of Grottaferrata with Basilian monks from the Italo-Albanian communities"><img alt="The Territorial Abbacy of Santa Maria of Grottaferrata with Basilian monks from the Italo-Albanian communities" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Grottaferrata-abbazia01.jpg/190px-Grottaferrata-abbazia01.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Grottaferrata-abbazia01.jpg/285px-Grottaferrata-abbazia01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Grottaferrata-abbazia01.jpg/380px-Grottaferrata-abbazia01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Abbacy_of_Santa_Maria_of_Grottaferrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Abbacy of Santa Maria of Grottaferrata">Territorial Abbacy of Santa Maria of Grottaferrata</a> with <a href="/wiki/Basilian_monks" title="Basilian monks">Basilian monks</a> from the Italo-Albanian communities</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditions_and_folklore">Traditions and folklore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Traditions and folklore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the Arbëreshë the memory of Skanderbeg and his exploits was maintained and survived through songs, in the form of a Skanderbeg cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi8384_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi8384-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arbëreshë people have preserved their <a href="/wiki/Albanian_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian dances">Albanian traditinal dances</a> (<i>vallje</i>), including the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_sword_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian sword dances">Albanian sword dance</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gjitonía"><span id="Gjiton.C3.ADa"></span>Gjitonía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gjitonía"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Gjitonia" is a form of neighbourhood typical of Arbëresh communities and widespread throughout the Arbëresh people. It comes from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:γειτονιά">γειτονιά</a> (geitonía). The Gjitonía functions as a microsystem around which the life of the <i>horë</i> (village) revolves; the Gjitonía is a smaller-scale version of the layout of the village often consisting of a small square towards which the alleys are oriented, surrounded by buildings that have openings towards a larger square (<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shesh" class="extiw" title="wikt:shesh">shesh</a></i>) on diagonal angles. The name is usually taken from the families that live there. The social aspect of the Gjitonía is an ancient and historical structure where values of hospitality and solidarity between the families of the neighbourhood coexisted and where there was no difference of social class. Mainly for the Italian-Albanian communities, it is a world where relationships were so strong that they created real family relationships so much so that the Arbëreshe phrase <i>Gjitoni gjirì</i> ("neighbourhood relatives") is typical.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Costume">Costume</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Costume"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine" title="Arbëreshë cuisine">Arbëreshë cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tumact_me_tulez_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tumact_me_tulez_-_2.jpg/110px-Tumact_me_tulez_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tumact_me_tulez_-_2.jpg/165px-Tumact_me_tulez_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tumact_me_tulez_-_2.jpg/220px-Tumact_me_tulez_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2612" data-file-height="2070" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tumac%C3%AB_me_tul%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumacë me tulë">Tumacë me tulë</a>, Arbëreshë dish from <a href="/wiki/Barile" title="Barile">Barile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Potenza" title="Potenza">Potenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Marzano_Borsci.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/San_Marzano_Borsci.png/110px-San_Marzano_Borsci.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/San_Marzano_Borsci.png/165px-San_Marzano_Borsci.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/San_Marzano_Borsci.png/220px-San_Marzano_Borsci.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The liquor "Elisir Borsci" from <a href="/wiki/San_Marzano_di_San_Giuseppe" title="San Marzano di San Giuseppe">San Marzano di San Giuseppe</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loshkat_o_Petullat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Loshkat_o_Petullat.jpg/110px-Loshkat_o_Petullat.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Loshkat_o_Petullat.jpg/165px-Loshkat_o_Petullat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Loshkat_o_Petullat.jpg/220px-Loshkat_o_Petullat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption><i>Petullat</i>, typical Italo-Albanian sweets, of fried and sweetened yeast dough</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cugliaccio_degli_sposi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cugliaccio_degli_sposi.jpg/110px-Cugliaccio_degli_sposi.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cugliaccio_degli_sposi.jpg/165px-Cugliaccio_degli_sposi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cugliaccio_degli_sposi.jpg/220px-Cugliaccio_degli_sposi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>The wedding cake <i>Kulaçi</i> from <a href="/wiki/San_Costantino_Albanese" title="San Costantino Albanese">San Costantino Albanese</a>, (Potenza, Basilicata)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buk%C3%AB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Buk%C3%AB.jpg/110px-Buk%C3%AB.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Buk%C3%AB.jpg/165px-Buk%C3%AB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Buk%C3%AB.jpg/220px-Buk%C3%AB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption>The famous bread (<i> buka </i>) typical of <a href="/wiki/Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Piana degli Albanesi">Piana degli Albanesi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine" title="Arbëreshë cuisine">Arbëreshë cuisine</a> is composed of the cuisines of <a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italy</a>. The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Albanian origins to a mixed cuisine of <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a>, Calabrian, and <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Lucanian</a> influences. </p><p>These traditional dishes are <a href="/wiki/Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Piana degli Albanesi">Piana degli Albanesi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>): </p> <ul><li><i><b>Strangujët</b></i> – A form of <a href="/wiki/Gnocchi" title="Gnocchi">Gnocchi</a> called Strangujtë made with flour by hand, flavoured with tomato sauce (<i>lënk</i>) and basil. Traditionally this dish was consumed by families seated around a floor level table of wood (<i>zbrilla</i>) on 14 September, the <i>Festa e Kryqit Shejt</i> (<a href="/wiki/Exaltation_of_the_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Exaltation of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a>).</li> <li><i><b>Grurët</b></i> – Boiled wheat dish flavored with olive oil, known as <a href="/wiki/Cucc%C3%ACa" title="Cuccìa">cuccìa</a> in the Sicilian language. The tradition is to eat it on <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy%27s_Day" title="Saint Lucy's Day">Festa e Sënda Lluçisë</a>. Variations are the use of sweetened milk or <a href="/wiki/Ricotta" title="Ricotta">ricotta</a> with flakes of chocolate, orange peel and almonds.</li> <li><i><b>Kanojët</b></i> – <a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">Cannoli</a>, the universally famous Pianotto sweet pastry. Its culinary secret is waffle (<i>shkorça</i>) of flour, wine, lard and salt and filled with sweetened ricotta, and lastly sprinkled with sieved chocolate.</li> <li><i><b>Bukë</b></i> – Arbëresh bread (<i>bukë</i>) is prepared with local hard grain flour and manufactured to a round and mostly leavened shape with natural methods. It is cooked in antique firewood furnaces (<a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandoor</a>). It is eaten warm flavored with olive oil (<i>vaj i ullirit</i>) and dusted with cheese or with fresh ricotta.</li> <li><i><b>Panaret</b></i> – Arbëresh Easter bread shaped either into a circle or into two large braids and sprinkled with sesame seeds. It is adorned with red Easter eggs. The Easter eggs are dyed deep red to represent the blood of Christ, the eggs also represent new life and springtime. It is traditionally eaten during the Resurrection Meal. After 40 days of fasting, as per the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Catholic">Byzantine Catholic</a> tradition, the Easter feast has to begin slowly, with a light meal after the midnight liturgy on Saturday night. The fast is generally broken with panaret.</li> <li><i><b>Loshkat and Petullat</b></i> – Sweetened spherical or crushed shaped fried leavened dough. Eaten on the eve of <a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday" title="Shrove Tuesday">E Mart e Madh</a> Carnival.</li> <li><i><b>Të plotit</b></i> – A sweet cake in various shaped with <a href="/wiki/Ficus" title="Ficus">fig</a> marmalade filling, one of the oldest Arbëresh dishes.</li> <li><i><b>Milanisë</b></i> – Traditionally eaten on the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph's Day</a> (<i>Festa e Shën Zefit</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, is a pasta dish made with a sauce (<i>lënk</i>) of wild <a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">fennel</a> paste, sardines and <a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">pine nuts</a>.</li> <li><i><b>Udhose and Gjizë</b></i> – Homemade cheese and ricotta normally dried outdoors.</li> <li><i><b>Likëngë</b></i> – Pork sausages flavored with salt, pepper and seed of Fennel (farë mbrai).</li> <li><i><b>Llapsana</b></i> – Forest Brussels sprout (<a href="/wiki/Lapsana" title="Lapsana">llapsana</a>) fried with garlic and oil.</li> <li><i><b>Dorëzët</b></i> – Very thin home-made <a href="/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">semolina</a> spaghetti, cooked in milk and eaten on <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension of Jesus Christ">Ascension</a> Day.</li> <li><i><b>Groshët</b></i> – Soup made of <a href="/wiki/Vicia_faba" title="Vicia faba">fava</a> beans, chickpeas and <a href="/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris" title="Phaseolus vulgaris">haricot</a> beans.</li> <li><i><b>Verdhët</b></i> – During Easter a kind of pie is prepared with eggs, lamb, ricotta, sheep cheese and (previously boiled) leaf stalks of <a href="/wiki/Scolymus_hispanicus" title="Scolymus hispanicus">golden thistle</a>; in some villages, the young aerial parts of wild <a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">fennel</a> are used instead.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_appearance">Physical appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Physical appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A study from 1918 included 59 Arbëreshë men from <a href="/wiki/Cosenza" title="Cosenza">Cosenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, the result showed that <a href="/wiki/Blond" title="Blond">fair hair</a> was present in 27% of them. The same study also showed that the frequencies of <a href="/wiki/Eye_color#Blue" title="Eye color">light eyes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Light_skin" title="Light skin">white skin</a>, were 47% and 67% respectively. The Arbëreshë, from this survey, are found to be overall less pigmented than the Calabrians. They are also taller (m. 1.64) and less dolichocephalic (<a href="/wiki/Cephalic_index#Historic_use_in_anthropology" title="Cephalic index">cephalic index</a> 80.6).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Europe" title="Genetic history of Europe">Genetic history of Europe</a></div> <p>According to Sarno et al. 2015 there are many Y-DNA haplogroups present among Arbëreshë. Those haplogroups are also shared with their Italian and Balkan neighbours.<sup id="cite_ref-Ancient_and_recent_admixture_layers_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancient_and_recent_admixture_layers-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arbereshe appear as slightly differentiated from native Southern Italians, and instead overlap with the other <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Southern Balkan</a> populations of <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ancient_and_recent_admixture_layers_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancient_and_recent_admixture_layers-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Arbëreshë_people"><span id="Notable_Arb.C3.ABresh.C3.AB_people"></span>Notable Arbëreshë people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notable Arbëreshë people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_Albanians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Arbëreshë Albanians">List of Arbëreshë Albanians</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albanian_woman_at_Ellis_Island_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italo-Albanian woman on Ellis Island, New York, 1905."><img alt="Italo-Albanian woman on Ellis Island, New York, 1905." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Albanian_woman_at_Ellis_Island_1905.jpg/85px-Albanian_woman_at_Ellis_Island_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Albanian_woman_at_Ellis_Island_1905.jpg/128px-Albanian_woman_at_Ellis_Island_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Albanian_woman_at_Ellis_Island_1905.jpg/171px-Albanian_woman_at_Ellis_Island_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="483" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Italo-Albanian woman on <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a>, New York, 1905.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_195.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iconostasis in a church in Piana degli Albanesi, Sicily"><img alt="Iconostasis in a church in Piana degli Albanesi, Sicily" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/1_195.jpg/120px-1_195.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/1_195.jpg/180px-1_195.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/1_195.jpg/240px-1_195.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="659" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Iconostasis in a church in <a href="/wiki/Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Piana degli Albanesi">Piana degli Albanesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Civita_(%C3%87ifti)_(CS)..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Albanian hero Gjergji Kastrioti in Civita, Calabria"><img alt="Statue of Albanian hero Gjergji Kastrioti in Civita, Calabria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29..jpg/85px-Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29..jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29..jpg/127px-Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29..jpg/169px-Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29..jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Albanian hero <i><a href="/wiki/Scanderbeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Scanderbeg">Gjergji Kastrioti</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Civita,_Calabria" title="Civita, Calabria">Civita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Civita_(%C3%87ifti)_(CS)._(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A bilingual for a piazza in Civita"><img alt="A bilingual for a piazza in Civita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29._%284%29.jpg/120px-Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29._%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29._%284%29.jpg/180px-Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29._%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29._%284%29.jpg/240px-Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29._%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="404" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A bilingual for a <a href="/wiki/Piazza" class="mw-redirect" title="Piazza">piazza</a> in <a href="/wiki/Civita,_Calabria" title="Civita, Calabria">Civita</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maschito_bilingual.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bilingual sign in Albanian and Italian in Maschito, Basilicata"><img alt="Bilingual sign in Albanian and Italian in Maschito, Basilicata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Maschito_bilingual.jpg/120px-Maschito_bilingual.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Maschito_bilingual.jpg/180px-Maschito_bilingual.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Maschito_bilingual.jpg/240px-Maschito_bilingual.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bilingual sign in Albanian and Italian in <a href="/wiki/Maschito" title="Maschito">Maschito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pap%C3%A0s_Kola_Cuccia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Priest of the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church in Contessa Entellina, Sicily"><img alt="Priest of the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church in Contessa Entellina, Sicily" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pap%C3%A0s_Kola_Cuccia.jpg/79px-Pap%C3%A0s_Kola_Cuccia.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pap%C3%A0s_Kola_Cuccia.jpg/119px-Pap%C3%A0s_Kola_Cuccia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pap%C3%A0s_Kola_Cuccia.jpg/159px-Pap%C3%A0s_Kola_Cuccia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Priest of the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian Catholic Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Contessa_Entellina" title="Contessa Entellina">Contessa Entellina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Artigianato_Arberesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arbëresh craft-workshop in Piana degli Albanesi"><img alt="Arbëresh craft-workshop in Piana degli Albanesi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Artigianato_Arberesh.jpg/120px-Artigianato_Arberesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Artigianato_Arberesh.jpg/180px-Artigianato_Arberesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Artigianato_Arberesh.jpg/240px-Artigianato_Arberesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="371" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arbëresh craft-workshop in <a href="/wiki/Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Piana degli Albanesi">Piana degli Albanesi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KatundiZembraJone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albanian folk group of Katundi, in Campania"><img alt="Albanian folk group of Katundi, in Campania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/KatundiZembraJone.jpg/120px-KatundiZembraJone.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/KatundiZembraJone.jpg/180px-KatundiZembraJone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/KatundiZembraJone.jpg/240px-KatundiZembraJone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="453" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Albanian folk group of <a href="/wiki/Greci,_Campania" title="Greci, Campania">Katundi</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arbereshe_Dress.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional costume Arbëreshe of San Martino di Finita in Calabria"><img alt="Traditional costume Arbëreshe of San Martino di Finita in Calabria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Arbereshe_Dress.jpg/90px-Arbereshe_Dress.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Arbereshe_Dress.jpg/135px-Arbereshe_Dress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Arbereshe_Dress.jpg/180px-Arbereshe_Dress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional costume Arbëreshe of <a href="/wiki/San_Martino_di_Finita" title="San Martino di Finita">San Martino di Finita</a> in <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Civita_(%C3%87ifti)_(CS),_Le_Vallje_2009._(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albanian dance, Civita"><img alt="Albanian dance, Civita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29%2C_Le_Vallje_2009._%285%29.jpg/120px-Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29%2C_Le_Vallje_2009._%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29%2C_Le_Vallje_2009._%285%29.jpg/180px-Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29%2C_Le_Vallje_2009._%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29%2C_Le_Vallje_2009._%285%29.jpg/240px-Civita_%28%C3%87ifti%29_%28CS%29%2C_Le_Vallje_2009._%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Albanian dance, <a href="/wiki/Civita,_Calabria" title="Civita, Calabria">Civita</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Typical_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_female_costumes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Typical Arbëreshë female costumes of San Basile in Calabria"><img alt="Typical Arbëreshë female costumes of San Basile in Calabria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Typical_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_female_costumes.jpg/120px-Typical_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_female_costumes.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Typical_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_female_costumes.jpg/180px-Typical_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_female_costumes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Typical_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_female_costumes.jpg/240px-Typical_Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_female_costumes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Typical Arbëreshë female costumes of <a href="/wiki/San_Basile" title="San Basile">San Basile</a> in <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Arbëreshë">Arbëreshë</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Italy" title="Albanians in Italy">Albanians in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvanites" title="Arvanites">Arvanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Albania" title="Culture of Albania">Culture of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyro-Roman" title="Illyro-Roman">Illyro-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stradioti" class="mw-redirect" title="Stradioti">Stradioti</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notelist">Notelist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notelist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Projected ethnic population.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-population-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFiorenzo_Toso2006" class="citation book cs1">Fiorenzo Toso (2006). Baldini & Castoldi (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4xNntgJm9vkC&pg=PA9"><i>Lingue d'Europa. La pluralità linguistica dei Paesi europei fra passato e presente</i></a>. Roma. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788884908841" title="Special:BookSources/9788884908841"><bdi>9788884908841</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lingue+d%27Europa.+La+pluralit%C3%A0+linguistica+dei+Paesi+europei+fra+passato+e+presente&rft.place=Roma&rft.pages=90&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9788884908841&rft.au=Fiorenzo+Toso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4xNntgJm9vkC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP._Bruni2004" class="citation book cs1">P. Bruni, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wmloAAAAMAAJ"><i><span></span></i>Arbëreshë: cultura e civiltà di un popolo<i><span></span></i></a>. Istituto poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Libreria dello Stato. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788824020091" title="Special:BookSources/9788824020091"><bdi>9788824020091</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB%3A+cultura+e+civilt%C3%A0+di+un+popolo&rft.pub=Istituto+poligrafico+e+Zecca+dello+Stato%2C+Libreria+dello+Stato&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9788824020091&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwmloAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Currently there are about fifty Albanian-speaking centres in Italy, with a population estimated to be around 100,000, though there are no precise figures for the actual numbers of Italo-Albanians. The most recent precise figure is given in the census for 1921; the number of Albanian speakers was 80,282, far fewer than the 197 thousand mentioned in the study of A. Frega of 1997."<br /><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmelia_De_LuciaGiorgio_GruppioniRosalina_GrumoGjergj_Vinjahu" class="citation web cs1">Amelia De Lucia; Giorgio Gruppioni; Rosalina Grumo; Gjergj Vinjahu (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161213093124/http://www.fp6migratoryflows.uniba.it/html/AlbanianCulturalProfile.pdf">"<i>Albanian Cultural Profile</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fp6migratoryflows.uniba.it/html/AlbanianCulturalProfile.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albanian+Cultural+Profile&rft.pub=Dipartimento+di+Scienze+Statistiche%2C+Universit%C3%A0+degli+Studi+di+Bari%2C+Italia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fp6migratoryflows.uniba.it%2Fhtml%2FAlbanianCulturalProfile.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/aae/***EDITION***">"Ethnologue: Albanian, Arbëreshë"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Albanian%2C+Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Faae%2F%2A%2A%2AEDITION%2A%2A%2A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MinniCiampolini1990-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MinniCiampolini1990_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinniCiampolini1990" class="citation book cs1">Minni, C. Dino; Ciampolini, Anna Foschi (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GJNBdOHw_dcC&pg=PA63"><i>Writers in transition: the proceedings of the First National Conference of Italian-Canadian Writers</i></a>. Guernica Editions. pp. 63–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-26-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-26-4"><bdi>978-0-920717-26-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writers+in+transition%3A+the+proceedings+of+the+First+National+Conference+of+Italian-Canadian+Writers&rft.pages=63-4&rft.pub=Guernica+Editions&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-920717-26-4&rft.aulast=Minni&rft.aufirst=C.+Dino&rft.au=Ciampolini%2C+Anna+Foschi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGJNBdOHw_dcC%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Greek College in Rome (1583), established for the training of the Greek-Catholic clergy of the Albanians of Italy; the Basilian A. Reres Monastery of Mezzojuso (1609), important for the Catholic missions in Albania; the Oratory of S. Filippo Neri (<i>Rritiri</i>) of Piana degli Albanesi (1716), for celibate priests; the College of Maria of Piana degli Albanesi (1731), for young Italo-Albanian girls; and in particular by the two national seminars, also attracting many Albanians from the Balkans for the, based in Calabria, the Corsini College in 1732, then <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sant%27Adriano_Italo-Albanian_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sant'Adriano Italo-Albanian College (page does not exist)">Sant'Adriano Italo-Albanian College</a> of San Benedetto Ullano in 1794, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italo-Albanian_Seminary_of_Palermo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italo-Albanian Seminary of Palermo (page does not exist)">Italo-Albanian Seminary of Palermo</a> in 1735, which was then transferred to Piana degli Albanesi in 1950.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EQAunwEACAAJ"><i>Shkodra, arbëreshët dhe lidhjet italo-shqiptare</i></a>. Universiteti i Shkodrës "Luigj Gurakuqi". 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9928-4135-3-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9928-4135-3-6"><bdi>978-9928-4135-3-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shkodra%2C+arb%C3%ABresh%C3%ABt+dhe+lidhjet+italo-shqiptare&rft.pub=Universiteti+i+Shkodr%C3%ABs+%22Luigj+Gurakuqi%22&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9928-4135-3-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEQAunwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is of particular interest as it retains speech sounds, <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphosyntactic</a> and vocabulary elements of the language spoken in pre-<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Albania" title="Ottoman Albania">Ottoman Albania</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512051856/http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/99482l.htm">"Legge 482"</a>. Camera.it. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/99482l.htm">the original</a> on 12 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legge+482&rft.pub=Camera.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camera.it%2Fparlam%2Fleggi%2F99482l.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Essays on Politics and Society Author Hasan Jashari Publisher lulu.com, 2015 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84511-031-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-84511-031-5">1-84511-031-5</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-326-27184-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-326-27184-8">978-1-326-27184-8</a> p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fiorenzo Toso, <i>Lingue d'Europa. La pluralità linguistica dei Paesi europei fra passato e presente</i>, Roma, Baldini & Castoldi, 2006, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816002406/http://top-channel.tv/lajme/artikull.php?id=352049">"Top Channel.tv Albania – Arbëreshët kërkojnë ndihmë nga Tirana: Të njihemi në UNESCO"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://top-channel.tv/lajme/artikull.php?id=352049">the original</a> on 16 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Channel.tv+Albania+%E2%80%93+Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%ABt+k%C3%ABrkojn%C3%AB+ndihm%C3%AB+nga+Tirana%3A+T%C3%AB+njihemi+n%C3%AB+UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftop-channel.tv%2Flajme%2Fartikull.php%3Fid%3D352049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insajderi.com/arbereshet-kerkojne-te-anetaresohen-ne-unesco/">Arbëreshët kërkojnë të anëtarësohen në UNESCO</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbitalia.it/katundet/index.htm">"Comunità albanesi d' Italia"</a> (in Italian). Arbitalia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comunit%C3%A0+albanesi+d%27+Italia&rft.pub=Arbitalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arbitalia.it%2Fkatundet%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lucania1.altervista.org/rionero/page1g.php?x=16&mini=kl30kl-ve.JPG">"RIONERO IN VULTURE (Basilicata / Lucania) – Fotografie"</a>. <i>lucania1.altervista.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lucania1.altervista.org&rft.atitle=RIONERO+IN+VULTURE+%28Basilicata+%2F+Lucania%29+%E2%80%93+Fotografie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flucania1.altervista.org%2Frionero%2Fpage1g.php%3Fx%3D16%26mini%3Dkl30kl-ve.JPG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasanova" class="citation web cs1">Casanova. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100402063902/http://www.radio-arberesh.eu/">"Radio-Arberesh.eu"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio-arberesh.eu/">the original</a> on 2 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radio-Arberesh.eu&rft.au=Casanova&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio-arberesh.eu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristo Frasheri. <i>History of Albania (A Brief Overview)</i>. Tirana, 1964.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PTZ-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PTZ_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsie2010" class="citation book cs1">Elsie, Robert (2010). <i>Historical dictionary of Albania</i>. Lanham.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+Albania&rft.place=Lanham&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Elsie&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Italo-Albanian villages of southern Italy Issue 25 of Foreign field research program, report, National Research Council (U.S.) Division of Earth Sciences Volume 1149 of Publication (National Research Council (U.S.)) Foreign field research program, sponsored by Office of Naval research, report; no.25 Issue 25 of Report, National Research Council (U.S.). Division of Earth Sciences Volume 1149 of (National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council. Publication) Author George Nicholas Nasse Publisher National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1964 page 24-25 link <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VjArAAAAYAAJ&dq=reres+demetrio&pg=PA24">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Italo-Albanian villages of southern Italy Issue 25 of Foreign field research program, report, National Research Council (U.S.). Division of Earth Sciences Volume 1149 of Publication (National Research Council (U.S.))) Foreign field research program, sponsored by Office of Naval research, report; no.25 Issue 25 of Report, National Research Council (U.S.). Division of Earth Sciences Volume 1149 of (National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council. Publication) Author George Nicholas Nasse Publisher National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1964 page 25 link <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VjArAAAAYAAJ&dq=reres+demetrio&pg=PA25">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Italo-Albanian villages of southern Italy Issue 25 of Foreign field research program, report, National Research Council (U.S.). Division of Earth Sciences Volume 1149 of Publication (National Research Council (U.S.))) Foreign field research program, sponsored by Office of Naval research, report; no.25 Issue 25 of Report, National Research Council (U.S.). Division of Earth Sciences Volume 1149 of (National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council. Publication) Author George Nicholas Nasse Publisher National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1964 page 26 link <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VjArAAAAYAAJ&dq=reres+demetrio&pg=PA26">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34043219/Basiliskos_III_2016_Rivista_di_studi_storici_umanistici_Full_text">Ardian Muhaj "Le origini economiche e demografiche dell'insediamento degli arbëreshë in Italia. Dal medioevo alla prima età moderna", Basiliscos, Rivista specialistica annuale dell' Istituto di Studi Storici per la Basilicata Meridionale, 3 (2016), pp. 26-29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerhemi2006" class="citation journal cs1">Derhemi, Eda (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/IJSL.2006.014/html">"Features of dysfunctional attrition in the Arbresh of Piana degli Albanesi"</a>. <i>International Journal of the Sociology of Language</i> (178): 31–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2FIJSL.2006.014">10.1515/IJSL.2006.014</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144957661">144957661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Sociology+of+Language&rft.atitle=Features+of+dysfunctional+attrition+in+the+Arbresh+of+Piana+degli+Albanesi&rft.issue=178&rft.pages=31-53&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2FIJSL.2006.014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144957661%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Derhemi&rft.aufirst=Eda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2FIJSL.2006.014%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaggio" class="citation web cs1">Maggio, Martin Di. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37913089">"Arbëresh: Language mixing, translanguaging and possible solutions to issue of maintenance"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arb%C3%ABresh%3A+Language+mixing%2C+translanguaging+and+possible+solutions+to+issue+of+maintenance&rft.aulast=Maggio&rft.aufirst=Martin+Di&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37913089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatrangaMilano2019" class="citation book cs1">Matranga, Vito; Milano, Emma (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://benjamins.com/catalog/ivitra.20.13mat">"Strategies for conservation of a minority language"</a>. <i>The Intricacy of Languages</i>. IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature. Vol. 20. pp. 228–241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fivitra.20.13mat">10.1075/ivitra.20.13mat</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-0442-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-0442-4"><bdi>978-90-272-0442-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:210532463">210532463</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Strategies+for+conservation+of+a+minority+language&rft.btitle=The+Intricacy+of+Languages&rft.series=IVITRA+Research+in+Linguistics+and+Literature&rft.pages=228-241&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A210532463%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fivitra.20.13mat&rft.isbn=978-90-272-0442-4&rft.aulast=Matranga&rft.aufirst=Vito&rft.au=Milano%2C+Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbenjamins.com%2Fcatalog%2Fivitra.20.13mat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Euromosaic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uoc.es/euromosaic/web/document/albanes/an/i1/i1.html">Albanian in Italy</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albanian literature: a short history Authors Robert Elsie, Centre for Albanian Studies (London, England) Publisher I.B. Tauris, 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84511-031-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-84511-031-5">1-84511-031-5</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-031-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-031-4">978-1-84511-031-4</a> p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albanian literature: a short history Authors Robert Elsie, Centre for Albanian Studies (London, England) Publisher I.B.Tauris, 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84511-031-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-84511-031-5">1-84511-031-5</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-031-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-031-4">978-1-84511-031-4</a> p. 46-47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi8384-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi8384_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkendi1968" class="citation journal cs1">Skendi, Stavro (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/1462627e80b760b7222096f8e0c4a0fc/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1817218">"Skenderbeg and Albanian Consciousness"</a>. <i>Südost Forschungen</i>. <b>27</b>: 83–84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCdost+Forschungen&rft.atitle=Skenderbeg+and+Albanian+Consciousness&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=83-84&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Skendi&rft.aufirst=Stavro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2F1462627e80b760b7222096f8e0c4a0fc%2F1%3Fpq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D1817218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span> "The memory of the Albanian national hero was maintained vividly among the Albanians of Italy, those who emigrated to Calabria and Sicily, following his death.... Living compactly in Christian territory, though in separate communities, the Italo-Albanians have preserved the songs about Skenderbeg and his exploits which their ancestors had brought from the mother country. Today one may even speak of the existence of a Skenderbeg cycle among them, if one takes into account also the songs on other Albanian heroes who surrounded him."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MASCI, L.F. Gli insediamenti Albanesi in Italia (Morfologia e Architettura), Nuclei Urbani della Calabria Citra. Comune di S. Sofia D'Epiro 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A SKETCH OF THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF ITALY.By V. GlUFFRIDA-RUGGERI, PROFESSOR OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ancient_and_recent_admixture_layers-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ancient_and_recent_admixture_layers_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ancient_and_recent_admixture_layers_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarno2017" class="citation journal cs1">Sarno, Stefania (16 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5434004">"Ancient and recent admixture layers in Sicily and Southern Italy trace multiple migration routes along the Mediterranean"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 1984. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatSR...7.1984S">2017NatSR...7.1984S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-017-01802-4">10.1038/s41598-017-01802-4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5434004">5434004</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28512355">28512355</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:669567">669567</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Ancient+and+recent+admixture+layers+in+Sicily+and+Southern+Italy+trace+multiple+migration+routes+along+the+Mediterranean&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1984&rft.date=2017-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5434004%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A669567%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017NatSR...7.1984S&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28512355&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-017-01802-4&rft.aulast=Sarno&rft.aufirst=Stefania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5434004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbitalia.it">Arbitalia</a> Shtëpia e Arbëreshëvet të Italisë / The Home of Albanians of Italy</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jemi.it">Jemi.it</a> the Arbëresh web portal managed by the Eparchy of Lungro</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jetarbreshe.it/">Jeta Arbëreshe</a> Bilingual magazine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guzzardi.it/arberia/mappa/mappa.htm">Arberiaguzzardi</a> Maps of the Albanians of Italy</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mondoarberesco.it">Mondoarberesco.it</a> Web Jeta Arbresh</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museoetnicoarbresh.org">Museoetnicoarbresh.org</a> Albanian Ethnic Museum of Civita</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatrarberesh.it">Vatrarberesh.it</a> The Albanian Fire</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbelmo.it/blog/">Arbelmo.it</a> The Italo-Albanian sociocultural blog</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scescipasionatith.it">Scesci i Pasionatit.it</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/katundiyne/">Katundiyne.com</a> Magazine Katundi Yne - Paese Nostro</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dimarcomezzojuso.it/pubblicazioni.php">E-biblía</a> Digital library on the faith and knowledge of the Italo-Albanian people</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unibesa.it/">Unibesa.it</a> BESA - Union of Albanian Municipalities of Sicily</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanologia.unical.it/">Unical.it</a> Università della Calabria - Laboratorio di Albanologia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/comunita-albanese_(Enciclopedia-dell'Italiano)/">Treccani.it</a> La comunità albanese d'Italia su Enciclopedia Treccani</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/aae/***EDITION***">Albanian, Arbëreshë</a> in Ethnologue Languages of the World</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ejhg2015138a.html">"Shared language, diverging genetic histories: high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variability in Calabrian and Sicilian Arbereshe"</a>. <i>European Journal of Human Genetics</i>. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Shared+language%2C+diverging+genetic+histories%3A+high-resolution+analysis+of+Y-chromosome+variability+in+Calabrian+and+Sicilian+Arbereshe&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fejhg%2Fjournal%2Fvaop%2Fncurrent%2Ffull%2Fejhg2015138a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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style="background:#e8e8ff;color:black; background-color:white;"><div id="Topics_related_to_Arbëreshë_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="color:#00006e;">Topics related to Arbëreshë people</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arbëreshë_settlements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barile" title="Barile">Barile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brindisi_Montagna" title="Brindisi Montagna">Brindisi Montagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginestra" title="Ginestra">Ginestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maschito" title="Maschito">Maschito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Costantino_Albanese" title="San Costantino Albanese">San Costantino Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Chirico_Nuovo" title="San Chirico Nuovo">San Chirico Nuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Paolo_Albanese" title="San Paolo Albanese">San Paolo Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rionero_in_Vulture" title="Rionero in Vulture">Rionero in Vulture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquaformosa" title="Acquaformosa">Acquaformosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amato" title="Amato">Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andali" title="Andali">Andali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisignano" title="Bisignano">Bisignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvedere_di_Spinello" title="Belvedere di Spinello">Belvedere di Spinello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraffa_di_Catanzaro" title="Caraffa di Catanzaro">Caraffa di Catanzaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carfizzi" title="Carfizzi">Carfizzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civita,_Calabria" title="Civita, Calabria">Civita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castroregio" title="Castroregio">Castroregio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervicati" title="Cervicati">Cervicati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerzeto" title="Cerzeto">Cerzeto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curinga" title="Curinga">Curinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconara_Albanese" title="Falconara Albanese">Falconara Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farneta" title="Farneta">Farneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firmo" title="Firmo">Firmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frascineto" title="Frascineto">Frascineto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gizzeria" title="Gizzeria">Gizzeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lungro" title="Lungro">Lungro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcedusa" title="Marcedusa">Marcedusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vena,_Calabria" title="Vena, Calabria">Vena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marri,_Calabria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marri, Calabria (page does not exist)">Marri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongrassano" title="Mongrassano">Mongrassano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallagorio" title="Pallagorio">Pallagorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plataci" title="Plataci">Plataci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rota_Greca" title="Rota Greca">Rota Greca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Basile" title="San Basile">San Basile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Benedetto_Ullano" title="San Benedetto Ullano">San Benedetto Ullano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Cosmo_Albanese" title="San Cosmo Albanese">San Cosmo Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Demetrio_Corone" title="San Demetrio Corone">San Demetrio Corone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerzeto" title="Cerzeto">San Giacomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giorgio_Albanese" title="San Giorgio Albanese">San Giorgio Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_del_Vallo" title="San Lorenzo del Vallo">San Lorenzo del Vallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Martino_di_Finita" title="San Martino di Finita">San Martino di Finita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicola_dell%27Alto" title="San Nicola dell'Alto">San Nicola dell'Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Caterina_Albanese" title="Santa Caterina Albanese">Santa Caterina Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_d%27Aiello" title="Serra d'Aiello">Serra d'Aiello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia_d%27Epiro" title="Santa Sofia d'Epiro">Santa Sofia d'Epiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spezzano_Albanese" title="Spezzano Albanese">Spezzano Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccarizzo_Albanese" title="Vaccarizzo Albanese">Vaccarizzo Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagarise" title="Zagarise">Zagarise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greci,_Campania" title="Greci, Campania">Greci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alife,_Campania" title="Alife, Campania">Alife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campomarino" title="Campomarino">Campomarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montecilfone" title="Montecilfone">Montecilfone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portocannone" title="Portocannone">Portocannone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ururi" title="Ururi">Ururi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Martino_in_Pensilis" title="San Martino in Pensilis">San Martino in Pensilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Elena_Sannita" title="Sant'Elena Sannita">Sant'Elena Sannita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giacomo_degli_Schiavoni" title="San Giacomo degli Schiavoni">San Giacomo degli Schiavoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_di_Magliano" title="Santa Croce di Magliano">Santa Croce di Magliano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Puglia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casalvecchio_di_Puglia" title="Casalvecchio di Puglia">Casalvecchio di Puglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chieuti" title="Chieuti">Chieuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marzano_di_San_Giuseppe" title="San Marzano di San Giuseppe">San Marzano di San Giuseppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carosino" title="Carosino">Carosino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monteparano" title="Monteparano">Monteparano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casalnuovo_Monterotaro" title="Casalnuovo Monterotaro">Casalnuovo Monterotaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Paolo_di_Civitate" title="San Paolo di Civitate">San Paolo di Civitate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giorgio_Ionico" title="San Giorgio Ionico">San Giorgio Ionico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faggiano" title="Faggiano">Faggiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragagnano" title="Fragagnano">Fragagnano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faeto" title="Faeto">Faeto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roccaforzata" title="Roccaforzata">Roccaforzata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monteiasi" title="Monteiasi">Monteiasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelluccio_dei_Sauri" title="Castelluccio dei Sauri">Castelluccio dei Sauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montemesola" title="Montemesola">Montemesola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panni,_Apulia" title="Panni, Apulia">Panni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monteleone_di_Puglia" title="Monteleone di Puglia">Monteleone di Puglia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronte,_Sicily" title="Bronte, Sicily">Bronte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biancavilla" title="Biancavilla">Biancavilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contessa_Entellina" title="Contessa Entellina">Contessa Entellina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Piana degli Albanesi">Piana degli Albanesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cristina_Gela" title="Santa Cristina Gela">Santa Cristina Gela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzojuso" title="Mezzojuso">Mezzojuso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Adriano" title="Palazzo Adriano">Palazzo Adriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Angelo_Muxaro" title="Sant'Angelo Muxaro">Sant'Angelo Muxaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Michele_di_Ganzaria" title="San Michele di Ganzaria">San Michele di Ganzaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arbëreshë people</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh_language" title="Arbëresh language">Arbëresh language</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vaccarizzo_Albanian" title="Vaccarizzo Albanian">Vaccarizzo Albanian</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Albanian_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albanian_people" title="Template:Albanian people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albanian_people" title="Template talk:Albanian people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albanian_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albanian people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Albanian_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_diaspora" title="Albanian diaspora">Albanian diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Albania" title="Demographics of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Austria" title="Albanians in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bulgaria" title="Albanians in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Belgium" title="Albanians in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Albanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Croatia" title="Albanians of Croatia">Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbanasi_people" title="Arbanasi people">Arbanasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_France" title="Albanians in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Germany" title="Albanians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Greece" title="Albanians in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Western_Thrace" title="Albanians of Western Thrace">Albanians of Western Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanians" title="Cham Albanians">Cham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Hungary" title="Albanians in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Italy" title="Albanians in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arbëreshë</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Montenegro" title="Albanians in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Albanians in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanians in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Serbia" title="Albanians in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Slovenia" title="Albanians in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Spain" title="Albanians in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Switzerland" title="Albanians in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Ukraine" title="Albanians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Albanians in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_South_America#Argentina" title="Albanians in South America">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_South_America#Chile" title="Albanians in South America">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Americans" title="Albanian Americans">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Syria" title="Albanians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Turkey" title="Albanians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Egypt" title="Albanians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Australians" title="Albanian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_New_Zealanders" title="Albanian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_diaspora" title="Category:Albanian diaspora">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Italy" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Italy">Ethnic groups in Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration to Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical minority communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molise_Croats" title="Molise Croats">Croats</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Molise_Croats" title="Molise Croats">Molise Croats</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans in Italy">Germans</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Cimbrian_language" title="Cimbrian language">Cimbrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2cheno_language" title="Mòcheno language">Mocheno</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Tyroleans" class="mw-redirect" title="South Tyroleans">South Tyroleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walser" class="mw-redirect" title="Walser">Walser</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griko_people" title="Griko people">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards_of_Sicily" title="Lombards of Sicily">Lombards of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_minority_in_Italy" title="Slovene minority in Italy">Slovenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Italy" title="Serbs in Italy">Serbs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethno-linguistic minorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABreshe_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbëreshe language">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algherese_dialect" title="Algherese dialect">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aostan_French" title="Aostan French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vald%C3%B4tain_dialect" title="Valdôtain dialect">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friulan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Friulan language">Friulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_German_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of German speakers">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griko_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Griko dialect">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladin_language" title="Ladin language">Ladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_language" title="Sardinian language">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scattered minorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_Italy" title="Australians in Italy">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews" title="Italian Jews">Italian Jews</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Jews_of_San_Nicandro" title="Jews of San Nicandro">Jews of San Nicandro</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Italy" title="Romani people in Italy">Romani</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Muslim_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Roma">Khorakhane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Romanian Roma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrants and expatriates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_Italy" title="Template:Immigration to Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_Italy" title="Template talk:Immigration to Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration to Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Italy" title="Albanians in Italy">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosniaci_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Bosniaci in Italia">Bosnians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_in_Italy" title="British in Italy">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Italy" title="Bulgarians in Italy">Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Italy" title="Croats of Italy">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesi_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Francesi in Italia">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Italy" title="Greeks in Italy">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovari_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Kosovari in Italia">Kosovars</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedoni_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Macedoni in Italia">Macedonians</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldavi_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Moldavi in Italia">Moldovans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_people_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish people in Italy">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians_in_Italy" title="Romanians in Italy">Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Russi in Italia">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Italy" title="Serbs in Italy">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenians_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenians in Italy">Slovenians</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagnoli_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Spagnoli in Italia">Spaniards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_people_in_Italy" title="Swiss people in Italy">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Italy" title="Ukrainians in Italy">Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_emigrants_to_Italy" title="African emigrants to Italy">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerians_in_Italy" title="Algerians in Italy">Algerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdeans_in_Italy" title="Cape Verdeans in Italy">Cape Verdeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_people_in_Italy" title="Congolese people in Italy">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptians_in_Italy" title="Egyptians in Italy">Egyptians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopians_in_Italy" title="Ethiopians in Italy">Ethiopians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritreans_in_Italy" title="Eritreans in Italy">Eritreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaians_in_Italy" title="Ghanaians in Italy">Ghanaians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccans_in_Italy" title="Moroccans in Italy">Moroccans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_people_in_Italy" title="Nigerian people in Italy">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_people_in_Italy" title="Senegalese people in Italy">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalis in Italy">Somalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisians_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisians in Italy">Tunisians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Italy" title="Arabs in Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Italy" title="Armenians in Italy">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshis_in_Italy" title="Bangladeshis in Italy">Bangladeshis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Italy" title="Chinese people in Italy">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipinos in Italy">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Italy" title="Indians in Italy">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_Italy" title="Nepalis in Italy">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Italy" title="Pakistanis in Italy">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Italy" title="Sri Lankans in Italy">Sri Lankans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Italy" title="Tamils in Italy">Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Italy" title="Turks in Italy">Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas and Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasiliani_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Brasiliani in Italia">Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_Italy" title="Australians in Italy">Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_people_in_Italy" title="Cuban people in Italy">Cubans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvians_in_Italy" title="Peruvians in Italy">Peruvians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Italy" title="Uruguayans in Italy">Uruguayans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_Italy" title="Template:Immigration to Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_Italy" title="Template talk:Immigration to Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration to Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Italy" title="Albanians in Italy">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosniaci_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Bosniaci in Italia">Bosnians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_in_Italy" title="British in Italy">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Italy" title="Bulgarians in Italy">Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Italy" title="Croats of Italy">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesi_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Francesi in Italia">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Italy" title="Greeks in Italy">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovari_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Kosovari in Italia">Kosovars</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedoni_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Macedoni in Italia">Macedonians</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldavi_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Moldavi in Italia">Moldovans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_people_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish people in Italy">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians_in_Italy" title="Romanians in Italy">Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Russi in Italia">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Italy" title="Serbs in Italy">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenians_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenians in Italy">Slovenians</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagnoli_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Spagnoli in Italia">Spaniards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_people_in_Italy" title="Swiss people in Italy">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Italy" title="Ukrainians in Italy">Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_emigrants_to_Italy" title="African emigrants to Italy">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerians_in_Italy" title="Algerians in Italy">Algerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdeans_in_Italy" title="Cape Verdeans in Italy">Cape Verdeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_people_in_Italy" title="Congolese people in Italy">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptians_in_Italy" title="Egyptians in Italy">Egyptians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopians_in_Italy" title="Ethiopians in Italy">Ethiopians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritreans_in_Italy" title="Eritreans in Italy">Eritreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaians_in_Italy" title="Ghanaians in Italy">Ghanaians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccans_in_Italy" title="Moroccans in Italy">Moroccans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_people_in_Italy" title="Nigerian people in Italy">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_people_in_Italy" title="Senegalese people in Italy">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalis in Italy">Somalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisians_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisians in Italy">Tunisians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Italy" title="Arabs in Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Italy" title="Armenians in Italy">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshis_in_Italy" title="Bangladeshis in Italy">Bangladeshis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Italy" title="Chinese people in Italy">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipinos in Italy">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Italy" title="Indians in Italy">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_Italy" title="Nepalis in Italy">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Italy" title="Pakistanis in Italy">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Italy" title="Sri Lankans in Italy">Sri Lankans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Italy" title="Tamils in Italy">Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Italy" title="Turks in Italy">Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas and Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasiliani_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Brasiliani in Italia">Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_Italy" title="Australians in Italy">Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_people_in_Italy" title="Cuban people in Italy">Cubans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvians_in_Italy" title="Peruvians in Italy">Peruvians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Italy" title="Uruguayans in Italy">Uruguayans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albania_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albania_topics" title="Template:Albania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albania_topics" title="Template talk:Albania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albania_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardiaei" title="Ardiaei">Ardiaei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanoi" title="Albanoi">Albanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantes_(tribe)" title="Amantes (tribe)">Amantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantini" title="Amantini">Amantini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaites" title="Balaites">Balaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bylliones" title="Bylliones">Bylliones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassaretii" title="Dassaretii">Dassaretii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchele" title="Enchele">Enchele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labeatae" title="Labeatae">Labeatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthini" title="Parthini">Parthini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taulantii" title="Taulantii">Taulantii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_principalities" title="Albanian principalities">Middle Ages</a><br />(1190–1385)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Arbanon" title="Principality of Arbanon">Principality of Arbanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Kingdom of Albania (medieval)">Kingdom of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Arta" title="Despotate of Arta">Despotate of Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kastrioti" title="House of Kastrioti">House of Kastrioti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman period</a><br />(1385–1912)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">League of Lezhë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABni_Council" title="Arbëni Council">Arbëni Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Albanian Pashaliks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the Albanian Beys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolts_of_1833%E2%80%931839" title="Albanian revolts of 1833–1839">Revolts of 1833–1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">Uprising of Dervish Cara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian National Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Manastir" title="Congress of Manastir">Congress of Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">Revolt of 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">Malissori uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksim_meeting" title="Taksim meeting">Taksim meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Revolt of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimza_Government" title="Kimza Government">Kimza Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Independence</a><br />(1912–present)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himni_i_Flamurit" title="Himni i Flamurit">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Albania" title="Provisional Government of Albania">Provisional Government of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Albania during the Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Albania" title="Republic of Central Albania">Republic of Central Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality of Albania (1914–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_Albania" title="World War I in Albania">World War I in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Autonomous Province of Korçë">Autonomous Province of Korçë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_over_Albania" title="Italian protectorate over Albania">Italian protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mirdita" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Mirdita">Republic of Mirdita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931928)" title="Albanian Republic (1925–1928)">Albanian Republic (1925–1928)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Union with Italian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">German Nazi occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Albania" title="The Holocaust in Albania">The Holocaust in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albanian resistance during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Communist Albania (1946–91)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthography_Congress" title="Albanian Orthography Congress">Orthography Congress (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Post-Communist_Albania" title="History of Post-Communist Albania">Post-Communist Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_civil_unrest" title="1997 Albanian civil unrest">1997 Civil Unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Albania–NATO relations">NATO membership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">EU Accession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Albanians" title="Origin of the Albanians">Origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Albanian_history" title="Timeline of Albanian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archives_in_Albania" title="List of archives in Albania">Archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Albania" title="Geography of Albania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Landscape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Albania" title="List of mountains in Albania">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Albania" title="List of rivers of Albania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Albania" title="List of lakes of Albania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Albania" title="List of islands of Albania">Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Albania" title="Environment of Albania">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Albania" title="Climate of Albania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Albania" title="Biodiversity of Albania">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Albania" title="Category:Fauna of Albania">Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Albania" title="Protected areas of Albania">Protected areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Albania" title="Politics of Albania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Albania)" title="Council of Ministers (Albania)">Government</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Category:Government_agencies_of_Albania" title="Category:Government agencies of Albania">agencies</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">Head of state</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Albania" title="List of heads of state of Albania">list</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Albania" title="Foreign relations of Albania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Albania" title="List of political parties in Albania">Political parties</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Albania" title="Category:Treaties of Albania">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Albania" title="Visa policy of Albania">Visa policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Albania" title="Judiciary of Albania">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vetting_Institutions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Vetting Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Appellate_College_(Albania)" title="Special Appellate College (Albania)">KPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Public_Commissioners_(Albania)" title="Institution of Public Commissioners (Albania)">IKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monitoring_Operation_(Albania)" title="International Monitoring Operation (Albania)">ONM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Qualification_Commission_(Albania)" title="Independent Qualification Commission (Albania)">KPK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Albania" title="Corruption in Albania">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURALIUS" title="EURALIUS">EURALIUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPAK" class="mw-redirect" title="SPAK">SPAK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_General_(Albania)" title="Prosecutor General (Albania)">Prosecutor General</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albania" title="Administrative divisions of Albania">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Albania" title="NUTS statistical regions of Albania">NUTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albania" title="Municipalities of Albania">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Albania" title="List of cities and towns in Albania">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Albania" title="Communes of Albania">Communes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Albania" title="Villages of Albania">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maps_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Maps of Albania">Maps</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Legislature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Albania" title="Elections in Albania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Assembly</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Albania">speakers</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_members_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" title="Category:Lists of members of the Parliament of Albania">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Albania)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Albania)">Opposition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Albania" title="Human rights in Albania">Human rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Albania" title="Abortion in Albania">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Albania" title="Capital punishment in Albania">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_in_Albania" title="List of assassinations in Albania">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Albania">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avokati_i_Popullit" title="Avokati i Popullit">Ombudsman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Police_(Albania)" title="State Police (Albania)">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_mafia" title="Albanian mafia">Organized crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Albania" title="Prisons in Albania">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_crossings_of_Albania" title="Border crossings of Albania">Border crossings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Albania" title="Economy of Albania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Albania" title="Banking in Albania">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_lek" title="Albanian lek">Lek <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Albania" title="Taxation in Albania">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Albania" title="Trade unions in Albania">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Supreme_Audit_(Albania)" title="State Supreme Audit (Albania)">State Supreme Audit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Albania" title="List of shopping malls in Albania">Shopping centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_Albania" title="List of supermarket chains in Albania">Supermarkets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Albania" title="Agriculture in Albania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Albania" title="Healthcare in Albania">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Albania" title="List of companies of Albania">Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Albania" title="Renewable energy in Albania">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Operators" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Power_Corporation" title="Albanian Power Corporation">KESH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_System_Operator_(Albania)" title="Transmission System Operator (Albania)">OST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operatori_i_Shp%C3%ABrndarjes_s%C3%AB_Energjis%C3%AB_Elektrike" title="Operatori i Shpërndarjes së Energjisë Elektrike">OSHEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Regulatory_Authority_(Albania)" title="Energy Regulatory Authority (Albania)">ERE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Albania" title="List of power stations in Albania">Hydropower plants</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Natural resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_and_gas_fields_in_Albania" title="List of oil and gas fields in Albania">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_in_Albania" title="Category:Mining in Albania">Mining</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Albania" title="Highways in Albania">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Albania" title="List of airports in Albania">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Albania" title="List of ports in Albania">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Albania" title="Rail transport in Albania">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Albania" title="List of bridges in Albania">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tunnels_in_Albania" title="List of tunnels in Albania">Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Albania" title="List of tallest buildings in Albania">Highrises</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Albania" title="List of tallest structures in Albania">structures</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Albania" title="Telecommunications in Albania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posta_Shqiptare" title="Posta Shqiptare">Posta Shqiptare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Albania" title="Squatting in Albania">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Albania" title="Tourism in Albania">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monuments" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Albania" title="List of archaeological sites in Albania">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Albania" title="List of castles in Albania">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Albania" title="List of mosques in Albania">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tekkes_in_Albania" title="List of tekkes in Albania">Tekkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Albania" title="List of churches in Albania">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Albania" title="List of lighthouses in Albania">Lighthouses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Adriatic_Sea_Coast" title="Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast">Adriatic Sea Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Ionian_Sea_Coast" title="Albanian Ionian Sea Coast">Ionian Sea Coast</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Albanian_Riviera" title="Albanian Riviera">riviera</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Albania" title="List of beaches in Albania">Beaches</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:High-contrast-camera-photo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/17px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/26px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/34px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Photographs_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Photographs of Albania">Images of Albania</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Albania" title="Category:Society of Albania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Albania" title="Demographics of Albania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_in_Albania" title="Census in Albania">Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_tribes" title="Albanian tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nobility" title="Albanian nobility">Noble families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_diaspora" title="Albanian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Albania" title="Women in Albania">Women</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_art" title="Albanian art">Art</a> <small><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_galleries_in_Albania" title="List of art galleries in Albania">(galleries)</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Albania" title="Architecture of Albania">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Albania" title="Photography in Albania">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Albania" title="List of museums in Albania">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatres_in_Albania" title="List of theatres in Albania">Theatres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Albania" title="Education in Albania">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_alphabet" title="Albanian alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_scripts" title="Category:Albanian scripts">scripts</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abetare" title="Abetare">Abetare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_literature" title="Albanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Research_institutes_in_Albania" title="Category:Research institutes in Albania">Research institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Albania" title="List of libraries in Albania">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Albania" title="List of universities in Albania">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_publishing_companies_of_Albania" title="List of publishing companies of Albania">Publishers</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Albanian_proverbs" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Albanian proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanology" title="Albanology">Albanology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Tradition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Folk beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oda_(Albania)" title="Oda (Albania)">Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Albania" title="Secularism in Albania">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevruz_in_Albania" title="Nevruz in Albania">Nevruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Sworn virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing" title="Traditional Albanian clothing">Costumes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qeleshe" title="Qeleshe">Qeleshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fustanella" title="Fustanella">Fustanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhubleta" title="Xhubleta">Xhubleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brez_(clothing)" title="Brez (clothing)">Brez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinga" title="Opinga">Opinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhamadan" title="Xhamadan">Xhamadan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gjell%C3%AB" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:gjellë">Gjellë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav%C3%AB_kosi" title="Tavë kosi">Tavë kosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabuni" title="Kabuni">Kabuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Raki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer in Albania">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_wine" title="Albanian wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac_Sk%C3%ABnderbeu" title="Cognac Skënderbeu">Cognac Skënderbeu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Football</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_national_football_team" title="Albania national football team">National team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Albania" title="List of football clubs in Albania">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albania_international_footballers" title="List of Albania international footballers">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_Albania" title="List of stadiums in Albania">Stadiums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Weightlifting_Federation" title="Albanian Weightlifting Federation">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Athletics_Federation" title="Albanian Athletics Federation">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Cycling_Federation" title="Albanian Cycling Federation">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Basketball_Federation" title="Albanian Basketball Federation">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Volleyball_Federation" title="Albanian Volleyball Federation">Volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Swimming_Federation" title="Albanian Swimming Federation">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_at_the_Olympics" title="Albania at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indoor_arenas_in_Albania" title="List of indoor arenas in Albania">Indoor arenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania" title="Music of Albania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Albania" title="Television in Albania">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Albania" title="List of radio stations in Albania">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Symbols_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Symbols of Albania">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_heraldry" title="Albanian heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Albania" title="Flag of Albania">Flag</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_flags" title="List of Albanian flags">list</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania" title="Coat of arms of Albania">Coat of arms</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Albania" title="Armorial of Albania">armorial</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaph_of_Gllavenica" title="Epitaph of Gllavenica">Epitaph of Gllavenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Sign_Language" title="Albanian Sign Language">Sign language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations_and_medals_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders, decorations and medals of Albania">Orders, decorations and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_passport" title="Albanian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.al" title=".al">.al</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Albania" title="Public holidays in Albania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Albania" title="Smoking in Albania">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_Albania" title="Copyright law of Albania">Copyright law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Albania" title="Bibliography of Albania">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albania" title="Category:Albania">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italy_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italy_topics" title="Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italy_topics" title="Template talk:Italy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italy_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italy_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Italy" title="Outline of Italy">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_history" title="Timeline of Italian history">Timeline of Italian history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" title="History of Italian citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Historic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy" title="LGBT history in Italy">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" title="Music history of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Italy" title="Name of Italy">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Postage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">Railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" title="Prehistoric Italy">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Italy" title="Neolithic Italy">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanovan_culture" title="Villanovan culture">Villanovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinaldone_culture" title="Rinaldone culture">Rinaldone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golasecca_culture" title="Golasecca culture">Golasecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canegrate_culture" title="Canegrate culture">Canegrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latial_culture" title="Latial culture">Latial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Italy" title="List of ancient peoples of Italy">Ancient peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osci" title="Osci">Osci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Veneti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapians" title="Messapians">Messapians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li>Italy under <a href="/wiki/Odoacer#King_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">the Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">the Sardinian Judicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_Italy" title="History of early modern Italy">Early Modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Napoleonic Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_exodus" title="Niçard exodus">Niçard exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Monarchy and the World Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Colonial Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Fourth War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Fall of the Fascist regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="History of the Italian Republic">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">Institutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Economic Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trial" title="Maxi Trial">Maxi Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_pulite" title="Mani pulite">Mani pulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italian geographical region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Italy" title="Climate change in Italy">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Italy" title="Geology of Italy">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy" title="Fauna of Italy">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Italy" title="Flora of Italy">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Italy" title="List of mountains in Italy">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_foothills" title="Alpine foothills">Prealps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Italy" title="Volcanism of Italy">Volcanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Italy" title="List of volcanoes in Italy">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Italy" title="List of beaches in Italy">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_Italy" title="List of canals in Italy">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Italy" title="List of caves in Italy">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Italy" title="List of earthquakes in Italy">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Italy" title="List of islands of Italy">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Italy" title="List of lakes of Italy">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marine_Protected_Areas_of_Italy" title="List of Marine Protected Areas of Italy">Marine protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Italy" title="List of national parks of Italy">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Italy" title="List of regional parks of Italy">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Italy" title="List of rivers of Italy">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Italy" title="List of valleys of Italy">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Italy" title="Human rights in Italy">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Italy">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Italy" title="List of municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">Italian regions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Italy" title="Banking in Italy">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Italy" title="List of banks in Italy">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_brands" title="List of Italian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Italy" title="List of exports of Italy">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Italy" title="List of trade unions in Italy">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Italy" title="List of airports in Italy">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Italy" title="Rail transport in Italy">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_welfare_state" title="Italian welfare state">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Italy" title="Category:Society of Italy">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobility of Italy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Italy" title="Censorship in Italy">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Italy" title="Corruption in Italy">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Italy" title="Crime in Italy">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Italy" title="Demographics of Italy">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Emigration and diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Italy" title="Gambling in Italy">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Italy" title="Health in Italy">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Italy" title="Healthcare in Italy">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Italian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Italy" title="List of people from Italy">People</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Regional</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Italian provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Italy" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Italy">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Italy" title="Poverty in Italy">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Italy" title="Prostitution in Italy">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_public_administration" title="Italian public administration">Public administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Italy" title="Racism in Italy">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Italy" title="Social class in Italy">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Italy" title="Terrorism in Italy">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Italy" title="Water supply and sanitation in Italy">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Italy" title="Women in Italy">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seicento" title="Seicento">Seicento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_culture_(1700s)" title="History of Italian culture (1700s)">Settecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Neoclassical_and_19th-century_art" title="Italian Neoclassical and 19th-century art">Ottocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Italy">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Italy" title="List of castles in Italy">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Italy" title="List of cathedrals in Italy">Cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Italy" title="Emblem of Italy">Coat of arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_design" title="Italian design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens_in_Italy" title="List of gardens in Italy">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Italy" title="Internet in Italy">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italophilia" title="Italophilia">Italophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Italy" title="List of libraries in Italy">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Italy" title="Mass media in Italy">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Italy" title="List of museums in Italy">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Italy" title="National symbols of Italy">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_in_Italy" title="List of palaces in Italy">Palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_philosophy" title="Italian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> 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