Zika Virus - Infectious Diseases

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It is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/aedes-mosquitoes" title="Aedes mosquitoes" target="_blank">Aedes mosquitoes</a>, particularly <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/aedes-aegypti" title="Aedes aegypti" target="_blank">Aedes aegypti</a> and <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/aedes-albopictus" title="Aedes albopictus" target="_blank">Aedes albopictus</a>.</div><div><a href="https://infect.blog/knowledgebase/where-is-zika-virus-found" title="Where is Zika Virus Found?"><h3>Where is Zika Virus Found?</h3></a>Zika virus was first identified in Uganda in 1947 and has since spread to various regions, including parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Americas. Notably, significant outbreaks have occurred in Brazil and other parts of South and Central America.</div><div><a href="https://infect.blog/knowledgebase/how-is-zika-virus-transmitted" title="How is Zika Virus Transmitted?"><h3>How is Zika Virus Transmitted?</h3></a>While mosquito bites are the primary mode of transmission, Zika virus can also be spread through <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/sexual-contact" title="sexual contact" target="_blank">sexual contact</a>, <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/blood-transfusions" title="blood transfusions" target="_blank">blood transfusions</a>, and from <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/mother-to-fetus" title="mother to fetus" target="_blank">mother to fetus</a> during pregnancy. The latter mode of transmission is particularly concerning due to the potential for severe birth defects.</div><div><a href="https://infect.blog/knowledgebase/what-are-the-symptoms" title="What are the Symptoms?"><h3>What are the Symptoms?</h3></a>Many people infected with Zika virus may remain asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur, they are generally mild and can include <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/fever" title="fever" target="_blank">fever</a>, <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/rash" title="rash" target="_blank">rash</a>, <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/conjunctivitis" title="conjunctivitis" target="_blank">conjunctivitis</a> (red eyes), <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/muscle-and-joint-pain" title="muscle and joint pain" target="_blank">muscle and joint pain</a>, <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/headache" title="headache" target="_blank">headache</a>, and <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/fatigue" title="fatigue" target="_blank">fatigue</a>. Symptoms typically last from several days to a week.</div><div><a href="https://infect.blog/knowledgebase/what-are-the-complications" title="What are the Complications?"><h3>What are the Complications?</h3></a>The most serious complication of Zika virus infection is its <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/impact-on-pregnancy" title="impact on pregnancy" target="_blank">impact on pregnancy</a>. Zika virus can cause <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/microcephaly" title="microcephaly" target="_blank">microcephaly</a> and other severe fetal brain defects. Additionally, there has been an association between Zika virus and <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/guillain-barr%C3%A9-syndrome" title="Guillain-Barr茅 syndrome" target="_blank">Guillain-Barr茅 syndrome</a>, a rare condition in which the immune system attacks the nerves.</div><div><a href="https://infect.blog/knowledgebase/how-is-zika-virus-diagnosed" title="How is Zika Virus Diagnosed?"><h3>How is Zika Virus Diagnosed?</h3></a>Diagnosis is primarily based on a combination of patient symptoms, travel history, and laboratory tests. <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/rt-pcr" title="RT-PCR" target="_blank">RT-PCR</a> (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) testing is used to detect viral RNA in blood or other body fluids. Serological tests can also be used to identify Zika virus antibodies, although cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses may complicate interpretation.</div><div><a href="https://infect.blog/knowledgebase/is-there-a-treatment" title="Is There a Treatment?"><h3>Is There a Treatment?</h3></a>There is no specific antiviral treatment for Zika virus infection. Management focuses on <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/symptomatic-relief" title="symptomatic relief" target="_blank">symptomatic relief</a>, including rest, hydration, and the use of pain relievers and antipyretics. <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/aspirin" title="Aspirin" target="_blank">Aspirin</a> and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be avoided until dengue infection is ruled out to reduce the risk of bleeding.</div><div><a href="https://infect.blog/knowledgebase/how-can-zika-virus-be-prevented" title="How Can Zika Virus Be Prevented?"><h3>How Can Zika Virus Be Prevented?</h3></a>Prevention strategies primarily involve <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/mosquito-control" title="mosquito control" target="_blank">mosquito control</a> and personal protective measures. These include using <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/insect-repellent" title="insect repellent" target="_blank">insect repellent</a>, wearing long-sleeved clothing, and staying in air-conditioned or well-screened accommodations. Pregnant women, in particular, are advised to avoid travel to areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission. Furthermore, practicing safe sex and screening blood donations in affected areas are crucial preventive measures.</div><div><a href="https://infect.blog/knowledgebase/what-is-the-public-health-response" title="What is the Public Health Response?"><h3>What is the Public Health Response?</h3></a>Public health agencies, including the <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/world-health-organization-(who)" title="World Health Organization (WHO)" target="_blank">World Health Organization (WHO)</a> and the <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/centers-for-disease-control-and-prevention-(cdc)" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" target="_blank">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</a>, have issued guidelines for the surveillance, diagnosis, and management of Zika virus. Research is ongoing to develop effective vaccines and improve diagnostic tools. Community education and mosquito control programs are also vital components of the public health response.</div></div> </div> <div id="recent_papers"> <br><hr /><br><h2 class="heading1">Relevant Publications</h2> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38890352" target='_blank' title="Disruption of myelin structure and oligodendrocyte maturation in a macaque model of congenital Zika infection.">Disruption of myelin structure and oligodendrocyte maturation in a macaque model of congenital Zika infection.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38790101" target='_blank' title="[Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against the envelope protein extracellular domain of Zika virus in mice].">[Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against the envelope protein extracellular domain of Zika virus in mice].</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38901736" target='_blank' title="Zika virus replication is impaired by a selective agonist of the TRPML2 ion channel.">Zika virus replication is impaired by a selective agonist of the TRPML2 ion channel.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38909667" target='_blank' title="Genetic diversity of Flaviviridae and Rhabdoviridae EVEs in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus on Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula, China.">Genetic diversity of Flaviviridae and Rhabdoviridae EVEs in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus on Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula, China.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38908483" target='_blank' title="Regulatory T cells restrict immunity and pathology in distal tissue sites following a localized infection.">Regulatory T cells restrict immunity and pathology in distal tissue sites following a localized infection.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38956218" target='_blank' title="Cohort study: Neurological and cognitive-behavioral sequelae of acquired Zika virus infection among Nicaraguan children.">Cohort study: Neurological and cognitive-behavioral sequelae of acquired Zika virus infection among Nicaraguan children.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38935808" target='_blank' title="The NS2B-PP1伪-eIF2伪 axis: Inhibiting stress granule formation and Boosting Zika virus replication.">The NS2B-PP1伪-eIF2伪 axis: Inhibiting stress granule formation and Boosting Zika virus replication.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38932252" target='_blank' title="Exploring Iguape Virus-A Lesser-Known Orthoflavivirus.">Exploring Iguape Virus-A Lesser-Known Orthoflavivirus.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38932129" target='_blank' title="Mechanisms of Flavivirus Cross-Protection against Yellow Fever in a Mouse Model.">Mechanisms of Flavivirus Cross-Protection against Yellow Fever in a Mouse Model.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38939125" target='_blank' title="Evaluation of the antiviral activity of new dermaseptin analogs against Zika virus.">Evaluation of the antiviral activity of new dermaseptin analogs against Zika virus.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39121194" target='_blank' title="The human CD47 checkpoint is targeted by an immunosuppressive salivary factor to enhance arboviral skin infectivity.">The human CD47 checkpoint is targeted by an immunosuppressive salivary factor to enhance arboviral skin infectivity.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39103834" target='_blank' title="Health and non-health benefits and equity impacts of individual-level economic relief programs during epidemics/pandemics in high income settings: a scoping review.">Health and non-health benefits and equity impacts of individual-level economic relief programs during epidemics/pandemics in high income settings: a scoping review.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38903860" target='_blank' title="Integrated re-analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic datasets reveals potential mechanisms for Zika viral-based oncolytic therapy in neuroblastoma.">Integrated re-analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic datasets reveals potential mechanisms for Zika viral-based oncolytic therapy in neuroblastoma.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38677956" target='_blank' title="Congenital infectious encephalopathies from the intrapartum period to postnatal life.">Congenital infectious encephalopathies from the intrapartum period to postnatal life.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38826415" target='_blank' title="Building a growing genomic data repository for maternal and fetal health through the PING Consortium.">Building a growing genomic data repository for maternal and fetal health through the PING Consortium.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38659169" target='_blank' title="Continuation of Reversible Contraception Following Enrollment in the Zika Contraception Access Network (Z-CAN) in Puerto Rico, 2016-2020.">Continuation of Reversible Contraception Following Enrollment in the Zika Contraception Access Network (Z-CAN) in Puerto Rico, 2016-2020.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38660993" target='_blank' title="Host caveolin-1 facilitates Zika virus infection via promoting viral RNA replication.">Host caveolin-1 facilitates Zika virus infection via promoting viral RNA replication.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38668735" target='_blank' title="A Host Receptor Nanodisc-Based Biosensor Platform for the Detection of a Specific Virus and Its Variants.">A Host Receptor Nanodisc-Based Biosensor Platform for the Detection of a Specific Virus and Its Variants.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38675970" target='_blank' title="Exploring Zika Virus Impact on Endothelial Permeability: Insights into Transcytosis Mechanisms and Vascular Leakage.">Exploring Zika Virus Impact on Endothelial Permeability: Insights into Transcytosis Mechanisms and Vascular Leakage.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38723474" target='_blank' title="Enhancing antibody detection sensitivity in lateral flow immunoassays using endospores of Bacillus subtilis as signal amplifiers.">Enhancing antibody detection sensitivity in lateral flow immunoassays using endospores of Bacillus 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