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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Akustikk" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Akustikk" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" 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user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Akustikk" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Akustikk" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Noen_underdisipliner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noen_underdisipliner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Noen underdisipliner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noen_underdisipliner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noen_viktige_størrelser,_enheter_og_verktøy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noen_viktige_størrelser,_enheter_og_verktøy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Noen viktige størrelser, enheter og verktøy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noen_viktige_størrelser,_enheter_og_verktøy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standarder_for_akustikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standarder_for_akustikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Standarder for akustikk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Standarder_for_akustikk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Standarder for akustikk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Standarder_for_akustikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noen_gyldige_standarder_i_Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noen_gyldige_standarder_i_Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Noen gyldige standarder i Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noen_gyldige_standarder_i_Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noen_gyldige_standarder_i_Norge_pr._2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noen_gyldige_standarder_i_Norge_pr._2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Noen gyldige standarder i Norge pr. 2015</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noen_gyldige_standarder_i_Norge_pr._2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekko_og_etterklang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekko_og_etterklang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekko og etterklang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekko_og_etterklang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psykoakustikken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psykoakustikken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Psykoakustikken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psykoakustikken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lydens_egenskaper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lydens_egenskaper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lydens egenskaper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lydens_egenskaper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Støy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Støy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Støy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Støy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Akustikk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 84 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustikk" title="Akustikk – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Akustikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="صوتيات (فيزياء) – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوتيات (فيزياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%BAstica" title="Acústica – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Acústica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="শব্দবিজ্ঞান – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শব্দবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустыка – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Акустыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="སྒྲ་རླབས་རིག་པ། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྒྲ་རླབས་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%BAstica" title="Acústica – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acústica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acwsteg" title="Acwsteg – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Acwsteg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ακουστική – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ακουστική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="lovende artikkel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustics" title="Acoustics – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Acoustics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%BAstica" title="Acústica – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acústica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustiko" title="Akustiko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akustiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="صوت‌شناسی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صوت‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustique" title="Acoustique – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acoustique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuaimeola%C3%ADocht" title="Fuaimeolaíocht – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fuaimeolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%BAstica" title="Acústica – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Acústica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%ED%96%A5%ED%95%99" title="음향학 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="음향학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ձայնագիտություն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձայնագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="ध्वनिकी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ध्वनिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustiko" title="Akustiko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Akustiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acustica" title="Acustica – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acustica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אקוסטיקה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקוסטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akoustik" title="Akoustik – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Akoustik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acustica" title="Acustica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Acustica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acustica" title="Acustica – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Acustica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akusztika" title="Akusztika – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Akusztika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Aкустика – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Aкустика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ശബ്ദശാസ്ത്രം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശബ്ദശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusunivosa" title="Gusunivosa – fijiansk" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Gusunivosa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akoestiek" title="Akoestiek – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Akoestiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BF%E5%AD%A6" title="音響学 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="音響学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%B9stica" title="Acùstica – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Acùstica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustyka" title="Akustyka – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Akustyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%BAstica" title="Acústica – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Acústica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acustic%C4%83" title="Acustică – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acustică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%B9stica" title="Acùstica – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Acùstica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ධ්‍වනි විද්‍යාව – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ධ්‍වනි විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustics" title="Acoustics – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Acoustics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="دەنگناسی (فیزیک) – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەنگناسی (فیزیک)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustiikka" title="Akustiikka – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Akustiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒலியியல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒலியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ధ్వనితరంగశాస్త్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ధ్వనితరంగశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="สวนศาสตร์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สวนศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – tuvinsk" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="صدائیات – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صدائیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82m_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Âm học – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Âm học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="聲學 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="聲學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="声学 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="声学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="聲學 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聲學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="声学 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="声学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – pannonisk rusinsk" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="pannonisk rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82811#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><p><b>Akustikk</b> er en klassisk disiplin innen <a href="/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk">fysikken</a> som opprinnelige befattet seg med <i>hørbar lyd</i> (<a href="/wiki/Gresk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Gresk språk">gr.</a>: akuein ακουειν = å høre). Senere er fagfeltet utvidet til også å omfatte svingninger i væsker og faste stoffer, samt i andre gasser enn luft. Lydbegrepet er også utvidet i frekvens med <a href="/wiki/Ultralyd" title="Ultralyd">ultralyd</a> (høyere enn hørbare frekvenser) og <a href="/wiki/Infralyd" title="Infralyd">infralyd</a> (lavere enn hørbare frekvenser). </p><p>Akustikk er i dag læren om <i>elastiske</i>, <i>mekaniske</i> svingninger og bølger i gasser, væsker og faste stoffer, samt i overgangene mellom disse.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noen_underdisipliner">Noen underdisipliner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Noen underdisipliner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Noen underdisipliner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det skilles mellom <b>fysisk akustikk</b> som er underlagt klare fysiske lover og regler, og <b>psykoakustikk</b> som beskriver lydens forskjellige virkninger på mennesker. Kunnskaper om den fysiske akustikken utnyttes i fagområder som <i>elektroakustikk</i>, <i>rom</i>- og <i>bygningsakustikk</i> og <i>undervannsakustikk</i>. <i><a href="/wiki/St%C3%B8yforurensning" title="Støyforurensning">Støybekjempelse</a></i> er en egen disiplin som benytter viten fra flere av disse grenene. </p><p><i>Begrepet</i> akustikk brukes også som betegnelse på hvordan lyd oppfører seg i forskjellige rom. Ordet <i>akustikk</i> er i dette tilfellet en kvalitativ <i>rombeskrivelse</i> («god akustikk» eller «dårlig akustikk»), som ofte avhenger av bruken: Et klasserom kan ha «god akustikk» til sitt egentlige formål, men «dårlig akustikk» for korpsøvelser. Forskjellige aspekter ved akustikken til et rom blir ofte planlagt før bygging. Eksempler er kirker, kinoer, klasserom, lydstudioer og konsertlokaler. For noen av disse gjelder normer og anbefalinger som søkes fulgt, men som ofte – særlig hvis de ikke er juridisk bindende – forsømmes av kostnadshensyn. Jernbanestasjoner er notorisk uregulerte, akustisk sett. </p><p><b>Akustisk musikk</b> er musikk som utnytter den naturlige akustikken i rommet, det vil si musikk som ikke forsterkes elektrisk eller framføres på elektriske instrumenter. </p><p><b>Bygningsakustikk</b> handler om svingningstransmisjon mellom deler av en bygning, for eksempel gjennom <i>bærekonstruksjonen</i>, mellom <i>naborom</i>, gjennom <i>gulv</i> og gjennom <i>vinduer</i>. </p><p><b>Undervannsakustikk</b> behandler transmisjon og refleksjon av svingninger under vannflata og bryr seg om fisk i stim, samt lokalisering og beskrivelse av bunnen og gjenstander som vrak og undervannsbåter. For det aller meste brukes refleksjon av kjent utstrålt lyd for dette. Denne grenen av akustikken utnyttes både militært og sivilt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noen_viktige_størrelser,_enheter_og_verktøy"><span id="Noen_viktige_st.C3.B8rrelser.2C_enheter_og_verkt.C3.B8y"></span>Noen viktige størrelser, enheter og verktøy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Noen viktige størrelser, enheter og verktøy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Noen viktige størrelser, enheter og verktøy"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De viktigste størrelsene innenfor <i>fysisk</i> akustikk er </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lydtrykk" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydtrykk">lydtrykk</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(enhet)" title="Pascal (enhet)">Pascal</a> [Pa]</li> <li>tilhørende <a href="/wiki/Lydtrykkniv%C3%A5" title="Lydtrykknivå">lydtrykknivå</a> i <a href="/wiki/Desibel" title="Desibel">desibel</a> [dB], relativt til 20 μPa</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lydintensitet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lydintensitet (ikke skrevet ennå)">lydintensitet</a> i Watt per <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m^{2},[W/m^{2}]}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m^{2},[W/m^{2}]}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/134a8bdab942b86e4c43f430fc032833e7885f5e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.115ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m^{2},[W/m^{2}]}"></span>, som er energitransporten</li> <li>tilhørende <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intensitetsniv%C3%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intensitetsnivå (ikke skrevet ennå)">intensitetsnivå</a> i desibel [dB] relativt til <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 10^{-12}W/m^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 10^{-12}W/m^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b7b737637a0e06aed9ff693c23017c6ae9e27b75" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.172ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 10^{-12}W/m^{2}}"></span>.</li></ul> <p>De viktigste verktøy innen akustikken er <i>matematikk</i>, <i>kjente kilder</i>, kjente <i>mikrofoner / forsterkere</i> og <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lydniv%C3%A5m%C3%A5ler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lydnivåmåler (ikke skrevet ennå)">lydnivåmåleren</a></i>. Oppførselen til sistnevnte er spesifisert i internasjonale standarder, som sikrer at oppgitte tall kan bli globalt objektive. </p><p>Veiekurver fra psykoakustikken er frekvensavhengige filtre som fletter hørselens egenskaper inn i målingene. Fire slike kurver er blitt normerte og har fått navnene A, B, C og D. En lydnivåmåling (ofte kalt støymåling) som angår hørselen skal alltid bruke en veiekurve, og denne skal angis. Vanligst er dBA-skalaen. Den legger størst vekt på de frekvensene som høres best, dvs. at en sterk, lavfrekvent lyd høres svakere enn en fysisk svakere lyd som domineres av mellomtoner. Offisielle dokumenter kan fravike kravet om at veiekurven skal angis; her er da A-veiing alltid underforstått. dBC-skalaen brukes enkelte steder i regelverket, særlig for kilder med mye lavfrekvent støy (f.eks. støy fra tekniske installasjoner). </p><p>Veiekurver brukes ikke i fysisk akustikk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standarder_for_akustikk">Standarder for akustikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Standarder for akustikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Standarder for akustikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Standarder for akustikk angir krav og kriterier for lydmålinger (støymålinger) av ulike typer støy, tillatte og anbefalte grenseverdier for innendørs støy og etterklang, minstekrav og anbefalte krav til isolasjon mot støy m.m. Standardene fornyes med ujevne mellomrom. Årstallet angir </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noen_gyldige_standarder_i_Europa">Noen gyldige standarder i Europa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Noen gyldige standarder i Europa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Noen gyldige standarder i Europa"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gyldige standarder i Europa for fysisk akustikk, psykoakustikk og tilhørende kalibratorer var pr. 2012 gitt av </p> <ul><li>IEC 61672 : 2003 "Electroacoustics – sound level meters"</li> <li>IEC 61252 : 1993 "Electroacoustics – specifications for personal sound exposure meters"</li> <li>IEC 60942 : 2003 "Electroacoustics – sound calibrators"</li></ul> <p>Andre lands standarder er meget lik de europeiske. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noen_gyldige_standarder_i_Norge_pr._2015">Noen gyldige standarder i Norge pr. 2015</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Noen gyldige standarder i Norge pr. 2015" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Noen gyldige standarder i Norge pr. 2015"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Norge administreres standardene av <a href="/wiki/Standard_Norge" title="Standard Norge">Standard Norge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noen gyldige standarder for akustikk: </p> <ul><li>Norsk Standard NS-EN ISO 16032:2004, Akustikk - Måling av lydtrykknivå fra tekniske installasjoner i bygninger - Teknisk metode (ISO 16032:2004)</li> <li>Norsk Standard NS 8174-2:2007, Akustikk - Måling av lydtrykknivå fra veitrafikk - Del 2: Forenklet metode</li> <li>Norsk Standard NS 8174-1:2007+A1:2008. Akustikk. Måling av lydtrykknivå fra veitrafikk. Del 1:Teknisk metode</li> <li>Norsk Standard NS 8175:2012. Lydforhold i bygninger.</li> <li>Norsk Standard NS 8178: 2014. Akustiske kriterier for rom og lokaler til musikkutøvelse.</li></ul> <p>Standardene har ikke tilbakevirkende kraft. For en bygning oppført eller rehabilitert i f.eks. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a> gjelder de daværende gyldige standardene, som NS 8175:2008. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rfel_vsesmer_front.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rfel_vsesmer_front.png/300px-Rfel_vsesmer_front.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rfel_vsesmer_front.png/450px-Rfel_vsesmer_front.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rfel_vsesmer_front.png/600px-Rfel_vsesmer_front.png 2x" data-file-width="1049" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Kulestrålende kilde satt opp i et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekkofritt_rom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekkofritt rom (ikke skrevet ennå)">ekkofritt rom</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hallraum_TU_Dresden_2009-06-21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hallraum_TU_Dresden_2009-06-21.jpg/300px-Hallraum_TU_Dresden_2009-06-21.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hallraum_TU_Dresden_2009-06-21.jpg/450px-Hallraum_TU_Dresden_2009-06-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hallraum_TU_Dresden_2009-06-21.jpg/600px-Hallraum_TU_Dresden_2009-06-21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Klangrom ved universitetet i Dresden, Tyskland</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekko_og_etterklang">Ekko og etterklang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ekko og etterklang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ekko og etterklang"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To store og dyre spesialverktøy hører også akustikken til: Ekkorom og ekkofrie rom. Flatene i et ekkofritt rom sluker omtrent all lyd slik at meget lite reflekteres. Slik kan avstrålingen fra kilder måles i alle retninger uten forstyrrelser fra refleksjoner. I et ekkorom, også kalt klangrom, søkes det å la veggene reflektere så mye som mulig slik at avstrålt energi blir værende i rommet i lang tid. I et slikt rom har lydens retning ingen betydning; lyden betegnes da som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diffus (ikke skrevet ennå)">diffus</a>. Veggene og gulv-tak-flatene i et klangrom er utført ikke-parallelle for å unngå stående bølger med frekvenser gitt av flateavstandene. For ytterligere diffusering henges det opp et lite antall krumme, reflekterende flater i romvolumet for å bøye av lydenergitransporten andre steder enn bare ved veggene. Et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klangrom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klangrom (ikke skrevet ennå)">klangrom</a> virker integrerende; å måle summen av et objekts utstrålte energi er klangrommets hovedformål. </p><p>For rom er <a href="/wiki/Etterklangstid" title="Etterklangstid">etterklangstiden</a> i sekunder [s] en viktig størrelse, som også romabsorpsjonen målt i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/00d80831ded84ee5d9e1708e304c8868aa246409" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.095ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m^{2}}"></span> som «ekvivalent hull», samt den såkalte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallradius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallradius (ikke skrevet ennå)">hallavstanden</a>, eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallradius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallradius (ikke skrevet ennå)">hallradien</a>. Hallradien er den avstanden fra en kilde hvor lydnivået fra kilden er lik lydnivået i den diffuse romlyden. På engelsk kalles denne «critical distance». Romlyd er så komplisert at man for det meste bruker statistiske betraktninger i beskrivelser. I et ekkorom er etterklangstiden lang, i et ekkofritt rom er den nær null. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psykoakustikken">Psykoakustikken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Psykoakustikken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Psykoakustikken"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I psykoakustikken er begreper som veiekurver og hørestyrke [sone] i bruk. Store deler av psykoakustikken beror på objektive målinger av hørselens egenskaper. Muligheten for kraftig <a href="/wiki/Komprimering" class="mw-redirect" title="Komprimering">komprimering</a> av digitale lydfiler nesten uten at det merkes, som ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraunhofer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fraunhofer (ikke skrevet ennå)">Fraunhofers</a> <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a>-format, baserer seg på kunnskaper om blant annet hørselens <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maskeringseffekt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maskeringseffekt (ikke skrevet ennå)">maskeringseffekt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lydens_egenskaper">Lydens egenskaper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Lydens egenskaper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Lydens egenskaper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanlige lydnivåer transporterer ganske små energimengder. Det vil si at det er ganske små utslag (for eksempel i lydtrykk sammenlignet med det statiske lufttrykket), og at akustikk derfor er en svært linjær disiplin. Mye av matematikken for akustikk ser på den klassiske <a href="/wiki/Resonator" title="Resonator">resonatoren</a>, bestående av <i>masse</i>, <i>fjær</i> og <i>friksjon</i>. </p><p>Bølger i gasser og væsker er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitudinell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longitudinell (ikke skrevet ennå)">longitudinelle</a> trykkbølger. Man sier at en kilde <i>stråler ut</i> lyden til mediet. Hovedtema i beskrivelse av utbredelse av bølger i gasser og væsker er <i>stråling</i> fra kilder, <i>forplantning</i> i medier samt <i>refleksjon</i> og <i>transmisjon</i> ved overganger. I faste stoffer kan det finnes flere typer bølger, for eksempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transversell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transversell (ikke skrevet ennå)">transverselle</a> bølger og vridningsbølger. </p><p>Det kan bygges <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustiske_kretser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akustiske kretser (ikke skrevet ennå)">akustiske kretser</a> hvor luft både kan opptre som fjær og som masse. Et eksempel er blåsing over en flasketut. Her er massen lik massen av luften i tuten og fjæra dannes av kompresjon av luften i flaskevolumet. <i>Lydpotter</i> i biler består av akustiske kretser. Væsker kan knapt opptre som fjærer fordi de ikke kan komprimeres mye. </p><p>Lyd forplanter seg med forskjellige hastigheter i forskjellige media. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lydhastighet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lydhastighet (ikke skrevet ennå)">Lydhastigheten</a> er en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialkonstant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materialkonstant (ikke skrevet ennå)">materialkonstant</a> for et stoff. Lydhastigheten er alltid noe temperaturavhengig. I gasser er den også ganske trykkavhengig. Lydhastigheten er omtrent 340 m/s i luft og 1500 m/s i vann. For <a href="/wiki/Lynnedslag" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynnedslag">lynnedslag</a> kan en derfor telle sekunder mellom lys og lyd, dele på tre og slik grovt finne avstanden til nedslaget i km. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Musikkinstrumenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Musikkinstrumenter">Musikkinstrumenter</a> utnytter de fleste sider av akustikken. Toner stammer fra svingende strenger, flater og luftsøyler. Lengdeendringer fører til frekvensendringer. Instrumentene bruker i stor utstrekning strålende kropper som er med på å danne instrumentets klang. </p><p><b>Elektroakustikken</b> handler primært om <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektromekanisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektromekanisk (ikke skrevet ennå)">elektromekaniske</a> omvandlere som <a href="/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon">mikrofoner</a> og <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8yttaler" title="Høyttaler">høyttalere</a>. Bruk av disse krever kunnskap om elektroniske <a href="/wiki/Forsterker" title="Forsterker">forsterkere</a> i tillegg til akustikk. <a href="/wiki/Elektronikk" title="Elektronikk">Elektronikk</a> brukes i all akustisk måling, både for kilder og mikrofoner, og er for det meste også svært viktig for fremføring av musikk og tale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Støy"><span id="St.C3.B8y"></span>Støy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Støy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Støy"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En stor del av akustikken beskjeftiger seg med <i>støy</i> på flere nivå. <i>Veitrafikkstøy</i>, <i>flystøy</i> og <i>støy på arbeidsplassen</i> er tre av de viktigste områdene i både fysisk akustikk og psykoakustikk. Psykoakustikken beskjeftiger seg ellers også med støyens innflytelse på velværet og helsen, både på kort og lang sikt. </p><p>De hyppigste signalene som vurderes av akustikken er sinustonen, talestemme, musikk, hvit støy, rosa støy, oktavbåndsstøy og 1/3-oktavbåndsstøy. I tillegg kommer støy fra omgivelsene og naturlyder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">[Referanse for det meste av denne artikkelen er boka "Akustikk", 3. utgave, av professor Asbjørn Krokstad, Tapir forlag 1979, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8251903440" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-519-0344-0</a>]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">www.standard.no</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustikk&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akustisk-selskap.com"><i>Norsk Akustisk Selskap</i> (NAS)</a>, den norske interesseorganisasjonen for akustikere og interesserte</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acousticsresearchcentre.no/studer/">Hvordan studere akustikk ved NTNU i Trondheim</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uib.no/studieprogram/MAMN-PHYS/MAMN-FYHYD">Hvordan studere akustikk ved Universitetet i Bergen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acousticsresearchcentre.no/jobb/">Kategorisert liste av norske bedrifter innenfor akustikk</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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