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href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/1/">Chapter 1 (Art. 1-4)<div class="menu-item-description">General provisions</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1349" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1349"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/1/">Art. 1<div class="menu-item-description">Subject matter</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1350" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1350"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/2/">Art. 2<div class="menu-item-description">Scope</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1351" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article current-menu-item menu-item-1351"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/3/" aria-current="page">Art. 3<div class="menu-item-description">Definitions</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1352" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1352"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/4/">Art. 4<div class="menu-item-description">AI literacy</div></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1347" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-chapter menu-item-has-children menu-item-1347"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/2/">Chapter 2 (Art. 5)<div class="menu-item-description">Prohibited AI practices</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1353" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1353"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/5/">Art. 5<div class="menu-item-description">Prohibited AI practices</div></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1346" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-chapter menu-item-has-children menu-item-1346"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/3/">Chapter 3 (Art. 6-49)<div class="menu-item-description">High-risk AI systems</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1356" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1356"><a>Section 1<div class="menu-item-description">Classification of AI systems as high-risk</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1354" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1354"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/6/">Art. 6<div class="menu-item-description">Classification rules for high-risk AI systems</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1355" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1355"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/7/">Art. 7<div class="menu-item-description">Amendments to Annex III</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1357" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1357"><a>Section 2<div class="menu-item-description">Requirements for high-risk AI systems</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1358" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1358"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/8/">Art. 8<div class="menu-item-description">Compliance with the requirements</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1359" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1359"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/9/">Art. 9<div class="menu-item-description">Risk management system</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1361" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1361"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/10/">Art. 10<div class="menu-item-description">Data and data governance</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1372" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1372"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/11/">Art. 11<div class="menu-item-description">Technical documentation</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1377" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1377"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/12/">Art. 12<div class="menu-item-description">Record-keeping</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1378" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1378"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/13/">Art. 13<div class="menu-item-description">Transparency and provision of information to deployers</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1379" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1379"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/14/">Art. 14<div class="menu-item-description">Human oversight</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1380" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1380"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/15/">Art. 15<div class="menu-item-description">Accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1498" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1498"><a>Section 3<div class="menu-item-description">Obligations of providers and deployers of high-risk AI systems and other parties</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1381" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1381"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/16/">Art. 16<div class="menu-item-description">Obligations of providers of high-risk AI systems</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1382" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1382"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/17/">Art. 17<div class="menu-item-description">Quality management system</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1383" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1383"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/18/">Art. 18<div class="menu-item-description">Documentation keeping</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1384" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1384"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/19/">Art. 19<div class="menu-item-description">Automatically generated logs</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1386" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1386"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/20/">Art. 20<div class="menu-item-description">Corrective actions and duty of information</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1387" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1387"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/21/">Art. 21<div class="menu-item-description">Cooperation with competent authorities</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1388" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1388"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/22/">Art. 22<div class="menu-item-description">Authorised representatives of providers of high-risk AI systems</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1389" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1389"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/23/">Art. 23<div class="menu-item-description">Obligations of importers</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1390" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1390"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/24/">Art. 24<div class="menu-item-description">Obligations of distributors</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1391" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1391"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/25/">Art. 25<div class="menu-item-description">Responsibilities along the AI value chain</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1392" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1392"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/26/">Art. 26<div class="menu-item-description">Obligations of deployers of high-risk AI systems</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1393" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1393"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/27/">Art. 27<div class="menu-item-description">Fundamental rights impact assessment for high-risk AI systems</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1499" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1499"><a>Section 4<div class="menu-item-description">Notifying authorities and notified bodies</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1394" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1394"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/28/">Art. 28<div class="menu-item-description">Notifying authorities</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1395" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1395"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/29/">Art. 29<div class="menu-item-description">Application of a conformity assessment body for notification</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1397" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1397"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/30/">Art. 30<div class="menu-item-description">Notification procedure</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1398" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1398"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/31/">Art. 31<div class="menu-item-description">Requirements relating to notified bodies</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1399" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1399"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/32/">Art. 32<div class="menu-item-description">Presumption of conformity with requirements relating to notified bodies</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1400" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1400"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/33/">Art. 33<div class="menu-item-description">Subsidiaries of notified bodies and subcontracting</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1401" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1401"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/34/">Art. 34<div class="menu-item-description">Operational obligations of notified bodies</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1402" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1402"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/35/">Art. 35<div class="menu-item-description">Identification numbers and lists of notified bodies</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1403" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1403"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/36/">Art. 36<div class="menu-item-description">Changes to notifications</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1404" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1404"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/37/">Art. 37<div class="menu-item-description">Challenge to the competence of notified bodies</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1405" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1405"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/38/">Art. 38<div class="menu-item-description">Coordination of notified bodies</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1406" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1406"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/39/">Art. 39<div class="menu-item-description">Conformity assessment bodies of third countries</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1500" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1500"><a>Section 5<div class="menu-item-description">Standards, conformity assessment, certificates, registration</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1408" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1408"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/40/">Art. 40<div class="menu-item-description">Harmonised standards and standardisation deliverables</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1409" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1409"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/41/">Art. 41<div class="menu-item-description">Common specifications</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1410" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1410"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/42/">Art. 42<div class="menu-item-description">Presumption of conformity with certain requirements</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1411" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1411"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/43/">Art. 43<div class="menu-item-description">Conformity assessment</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1412" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1412"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/44/">Art. 44<div class="menu-item-description">Certificates</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1413" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1413"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/45/">Art. 45<div class="menu-item-description">Information obligations of notified bodies</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1414" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1414"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/46/">Art. 46<div class="menu-item-description">Derogation from conformity assessment procedure</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1415" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1415"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/47/">Art. 47<div class="menu-item-description">EU declaration of conformity</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1416" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1416"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/48/">Art. 48<div class="menu-item-description">CE marking</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1417" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1417"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/49/">Art. 49<div class="menu-item-description">Registration</div></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1418" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-chapter menu-item-has-children menu-item-1418"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/4/">Chapter 4 (Art. 50)<div class="menu-item-description">Transparency obligations for providers and deployers of certain AI systems</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1424" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1424"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/50/">Art. 50<div class="menu-item-description">Transparency obligations for providers and deployers of certain AI systems</div></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1419" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-chapter menu-item-has-children menu-item-1419"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/5/">Chapter 5 (Art. 51-56)<div class="menu-item-description">General-purpose AI models</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1501" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1501"><a>Section 1<div class="menu-item-description">Classification rules</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1425" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1425"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/51/">Art. 51<div class="menu-item-description">Classification of general-purpose AI models as general-purpose AI models with systemic risk</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1426" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1426"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/52/">Art. 52<div class="menu-item-description">Procedure</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1502" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1502"><a>Section 2<div class="menu-item-description">Obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1427" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1427"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/53/">Art. 53<div class="menu-item-description">Obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1428" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1428"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/54/">Art. 54<div class="menu-item-description">Authorised representatives of providers of general-purpose AI models</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1503" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1503"><a>Section 3<div class="menu-item-description">Obligations of providers of general-purpose AI models with systemic risk</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1429" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1429"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/55/">Art. 55<div class="menu-item-description">Obligations of providers of general-purpose AI models with systemic risk</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2537" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2537"><a>Section 4<div class="menu-item-description">Codes of practice</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1430" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1430"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/56/">Art. 56<div class="menu-item-description">Codes of practice</div></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1420" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-chapter menu-item-has-children menu-item-1420"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/6/">Chapter 6 (Art. 57-63)<div class="menu-item-description">Measures in support of innovation</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1431" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1431"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/57/">Art. 57<div class="menu-item-description">AI regulatory sandboxes</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1432" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1432"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/58/">Art. 58<div class="menu-item-description">Detailed arrangements for, and functioning of, AI regulatory sandboxes</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1433" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1433"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/59/">Art. 59<div class="menu-item-description">Further processing of personal data for developing certain AI systems in the public interest in the AI regulatory sandbox</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1443" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1443"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/60/">Art. 60<div class="menu-item-description">Testing of high-risk AI systems in real world conditions outside AI regulatory sandboxes</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1434" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1434"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/61/">Art. 61<div class="menu-item-description">Informed consent to participate in testing in real world conditions outside AI regulatory sandboxes</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1435" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1435"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/62/">Art. 62<div class="menu-item-description">Measures for providers and deployers, in particular SMEs, including start-ups</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1436" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1436"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/63/">Art. 63<div class="menu-item-description">Derogations for specific operators</div></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1421" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-chapter menu-item-has-children menu-item-1421"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/7/">Chapter 7 (Art. 64-70)<div class="menu-item-description">Governance</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1504" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1504"><a>Section 1<div class="menu-item-description">Governance at Union level</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1437" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1437"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/64/">Art. 64<div class="menu-item-description">AI Office</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1438" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1438"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/65/">Art. 65<div class="menu-item-description">Establishment and structure of the European Artificial Intelligence Board</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1439" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1439"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/66/">Art. 66<div class="menu-item-description">Tasks of the Board</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1440" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1440"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/67/">Art. 67<div class="menu-item-description">Advisory forum</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1441" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1441"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/68/">Art. 68<div class="menu-item-description">Scientific panel of independent experts</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1442" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1442"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/69/">Art. 69<div class="menu-item-description">Access to the pool of experts by the Member States</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1505" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1505"><a>Section 2<div class="menu-item-description">National competent authorities</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1444" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1444"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/70/">Art. 70<div class="menu-item-description">Designation of national competent authorities and single points of contact</div></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1422" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-chapter menu-item-has-children menu-item-1422"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/8/">Chapter 8 (Art. 71)<div class="menu-item-description">EU database for high-risk AI systems</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1445" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1445"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/71/">Art. 71<div class="menu-item-description">EU database for high-risk AI systems listed in Annex III</div></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1423" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-chapter menu-item-has-children menu-item-1423"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/9/">Chapter 9 (Art. 72-94)<div class="menu-item-description">Post-market monitoring, information sharing and market surveillance</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1506" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1506"><a>Section 1<div class="menu-item-description">Post-market monitoring</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1446" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1446"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/72/">Art. 72<div class="menu-item-description">Post-market monitoring by providers and post-market monitoring plan for high-risk AI systems</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1507" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1507"><a>Section 2<div class="menu-item-description">Sharing of information on serious incidents</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1447" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1447"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/73/">Art. 73<div class="menu-item-description">Reporting of serious incidents</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1508" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1508"><a>Section 3<div class="menu-item-description">Enforcement</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1448" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1448"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/74/">Art. 74<div class="menu-item-description">Market surveillance and control of AI systems in the Union market</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1449" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1449"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/75/">Art. 75<div class="menu-item-description">Mutual assistance, market surveillance and control of general-purpose AI systems</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1450" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1450"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/76/">Art. 76<div class="menu-item-description">Supervision of testing in real world conditions by market surveillance authorities</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1451" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1451"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/77/">Art. 77<div class="menu-item-description">Powers of authorities protecting fundamental rights</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1452" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1452"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/78/">Art. 78<div class="menu-item-description">Confidentiality</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1453" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1453"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/79/">Art. 79<div class="menu-item-description">Procedure at national level for dealing with AI systems presenting a risk</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1463" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1463"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/80/">Art. 80<div class="menu-item-description">Procedure for dealing with AI systems classified by the provider as non-high-risk in application of Annex III</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1454"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/81/">Art. 81<div class="menu-item-description">Union safeguard procedure</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1455" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1455"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/82/">Art. 82<div class="menu-item-description">Compliant AI systems which present a risk</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1456"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/83/">Art. 83<div class="menu-item-description">Formal non-compliance</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1457" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1457"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/84/">Art. 84<div class="menu-item-description">Union AI testing support structures</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1509" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1509"><a>Section 4<div class="menu-item-description">Remedies</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1458" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1458"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/85/">Art. 85<div class="menu-item-description">Right to lodge a complaint with a market surveillance authority</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1459" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1459"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/86/">Art. 86<div class="menu-item-description">Right to explanation of individual decision-making</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1460" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1460"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/87/">Art. 87<div class="menu-item-description">Reporting of infringements and protection of reporting persons</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1510" class="section menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1510"><a>Section 5<div class="menu-item-description">Supervision, investigation, enforcement and monitoring in respect of providers of general-purpose AI models</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1461"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/88/">Art. 88<div class="menu-item-description">Enforcement of the obligations of providers of general-purpose AI models</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1462" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1462"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/89/">Art. 89<div class="menu-item-description">Monitoring actions</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1464" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1464"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/90/">Art. 90<div class="menu-item-description">Alerts of systemic risks by the scientific panel</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1465" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1465"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/91/">Art. 91<div class="menu-item-description">Power to request documentation and information</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1466" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1466"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/92/">Art. 92<div class="menu-item-description">Power to conduct evaluations</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1467" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1467"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/93/">Art. 93<div class="menu-item-description">Power to request measures</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1468"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/94/">Art. 94<div class="menu-item-description">Procedural rights of economic operators of the general-purpose AI model</div></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1477" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-chapter menu-item-has-children menu-item-1477"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/10/">Chapter 10 (Art. 95-96)<div class="menu-item-description">Codes of conduct and guidelines</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1469" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1469"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/95/">Art. 95<div class="menu-item-description">Codes of conduct for voluntary application of specific requirements</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1470" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1470"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/96/">Art. 96<div class="menu-item-description">Guidelines from the Commission on the implementation of this Regulation</div></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1476" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-chapter menu-item-has-children menu-item-1476"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/11/">Chapter 11 (Art. 97-98)<div class="menu-item-description">Delegation of power and committee procedure</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1471" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1471"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/97/">Art. 97<div class="menu-item-description">Exercise of the delegation</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1472" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1472"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/98/">Art. 98<div class="menu-item-description">Committee procedure</div></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1475" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-chapter menu-item-has-children menu-item-1475"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/12/">Chapter 12 (Art. 99-101)<div class="menu-item-description">Penalties</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1473" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1473"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/99/">Art. 99<div class="menu-item-description">Penalties</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1487" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1487"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/100/">Art. 100<div class="menu-item-description">Administrative fines on Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1479" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1479"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/101/">Art. 101<div class="menu-item-description">Fines for providers of general-purpose AI models</div></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1474" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-chapter menu-item-has-children menu-item-1474"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/13/">Chapter 13 (Art. 102-113)<div class="menu-item-description">Final provisions</div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1480" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1480"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/102/">Art. 102<div class="menu-item-description">Amendment to Regulation (EC) No 300/2008</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1481" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1481"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/103/">Art. 103<div class="menu-item-description">Amendment to Regulation (EU) No 167/2013</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1482" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1482"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/104/">Art. 104<div class="menu-item-description">Amendment to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1483" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1483"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/105/">Art. 105<div class="menu-item-description">Amendment to Directive 2014/90/EU</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1484" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1484"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/106/">Art. 106<div class="menu-item-description">Amendment to Directive (EU) 2016/797</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1485" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1485"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/107/">Art. 107<div class="menu-item-description">Amendment to Regulation (EU) 2018/858</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1486" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1486"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/108/">Art. 108<div class="menu-item-description">Amendments to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1478" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1478"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/109/">Art. 109<div class="menu-item-description">Amendment to Regulation (EU) 2019/2144</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1488" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1488"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/110/">Art. 110<div class="menu-item-description">Amendment to Directive (EU) 2020/1828</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1489" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1489"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/111/">Art. 111<div class="menu-item-description">AI systems already placed on the market or put into service and general-purpose AI models already placed on the marked</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1490" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1490"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/112/">Art. 112<div class="menu-item-description">Evaluation and review</div></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1491" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-article menu-item-1491"><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/113/">Art. 113<div class="menu-item-description">Entry into force and application</div></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></nav></nav> </div> <div id="widget-area" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="text-2" class="widget-1 no-widget-title widget widget_text"><h2 class="widget-title">Imprint</h2> <div class="textwidget"><p><a class="imprint" href="https://ai-act-law.eu/imprint-privacy-policy/">Imprint | Privacy Policy | Liability</a></p> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-44" class="article-en-order-number-3 post-44 article type-article status-publish hentry"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><span class="dsgvo-number">Art. 3 AI Act </span><span class="dsgvo-title">Definitions</span></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:</p> <ol> <li>‘AI system’ means a machine-based system that is designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy and that may exhibit adaptiveness after deployment, and that, for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the input it receives, how to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions that can influence physical or virtual environments;</li> <li>‘risk’ means the combination of the probability of an occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm;</li> <li>‘provider’ means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body that develops an AI system or a general-purpose AI model or that has an AI system or a general-purpose AI model developed and places it on the market or puts the AI system into service under its own name or trademark, whether for payment or free of charge;</li> <li>‘deployer’ means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body using an AI system under its authority except where the AI system is used in the course of a personal non-professional activity;</li> <li>‘authorised representative’ means a natural or legal person located or established in the Union who has received and accepted a written mandate from a provider of an AI system or a general-purpose AI model to, respectively, perform and carry out on its behalf the obligations and procedures established by this Regulation;</li> <li>‘importer’ means a natural or legal person located or established in the Union that places on the market an AI system that bears the name or trademark of a natural or legal person established in a third country;</li> <li>‘distributor’ means a natural or legal person in the supply chain, other than the provider or the importer, that makes an AI system available on the Union market;</li> <li>‘operator’ means a provider, product manufacturer, deployer, authorised representative, importer or distributor;</li> <li>‘placing on the market’ means the first making available of an AI system or a general-purpose AI model on the Union market;</li> <li>‘making available on the market’ means the supply of an AI system or a general-purpose AI model for distribution or use on the Union market in the course of a commercial activity, whether in return for payment or free of charge;</li> <li>‘putting into service’ means the supply of an AI system for first use directly to the deployer or for own use in the Union for its intended purpose;</li> <li>‘intended purpose’ means the use for which an AI system is intended by the provider, including the specific context and conditions of use, as specified in the information supplied by the provider in the instructions for use, promotional or sales materials and statements, as well as in the technical documentation;</li> <li>‘reasonably foreseeable misuse’ means the use of an AI system in a way that is not in accordance with its intended purpose, but which may result from reasonably foreseeable human behaviour or interaction with other systems, including other AI systems;</li> <li>‘safety component’ means a component of a product or of an AI system which fulfils a safety function for that product or AI system, or the failure or malfunctioning of which endangers the health and safety of persons or property;</li> <li>‘instructions for use’ means the information provided by the provider to inform the deployer of, in particular, an AI system’s intended purpose and proper use;</li> <li>‘recall of an AI system’ means any measure aiming to achieve the return to the provider or taking out of service or disabling the use of an AI system made available to deployers;</li> <li>‘withdrawal of an AI system’ means any measure aiming to prevent an AI system in the supply chain being made available on the market;</li> <li>‘performance of an AI system’ means the ability of an AI system to achieve its intended purpose;</li> <li>‘notifying authority’ means the national authority responsible for setting up and carrying out the necessary procedures for the assessment, designation and notification of conformity assessment bodies and for their monitoring;</li> <li>‘conformity assessment’ means the process of demonstrating whether the requirements set out in <a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/3/">Chapter III</a>, Section 2 relating to a high-risk AI system have been fulfilled;</li> <li>‘conformity assessment body’ means a body that performs third-party conformity assessment activities, including testing, certification and inspection;</li> <li>‘notified body’ means a conformity assessment body notified in accordance with this Regulation and other relevant Union harmonisation legislation;</li> <li>‘substantial modification’ means a change to an AI system after its placing on the market or putting into service which is not foreseen or planned in the initial conformity assessment carried out by the provider and as a result of which the compliance of the AI system with the requirements set out in <a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/3/">Chapter III</a>, Section 2 is affected or results in a modification to the intended purpose for which the AI system has been assessed;</li> <li>‘CE marking’ means a marking by which a provider indicates that an AI system is in conformity with the requirements set out in <a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/chapter/3/">Chapter III</a>, Section 2 and other applicable Union harmonisation legislation providing for its affixing;</li> <li>‘post-market monitoring system’ means all activities carried out by providers of AI systems to collect and review experience gained from the use of AI systems they place on the market or put into service for the purpose of identifying any need to immediately apply any necessary corrective or preventive actions;</li> <li>‘market surveillance authority’ means the national authority carrying out the activities and taking the measures pursuant to <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32019R1020" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Regulation (EU) 2019/1020</a>;</li> <li>‘harmonised standard’ means a harmonised standard as defined in <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012R1025#d1e775-12-1">Article 2(1)</a>, point (c), of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012;</li> <li>‘common specification’ means a set of technical specifications as defined in <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012R1025#d1e775-12-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 2</a>, point (4) of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012, providing means to comply with certain requirements established under this Regulation;</li> <li>‘training data’ means data used for training an AI system through fitting its learnable parameters;</li> <li>‘validation data’ means data used for providing an evaluation of the trained AI system and for tuning its non-learnable parameters and its learning process in order, inter alia, to prevent underfitting or overfitting;</li> <li>‘validation data set’ means a separate data set or part of the training data set, either as a fixed or variable split;</li> <li>‘testing data’ means data used for providing an independent evaluation of the AI system in order to confirm the expected performance of that system before its placing on the market or putting into service;</li> <li>‘input data’ means data provided to or directly acquired by an AI system on the basis of which the system produces an output;</li> <li>‘biometric data’ means personal data resulting from specific technical processing relating to the physical, physiological or behavioural characteristics of a natural person, such as facial images or dactyloscopic data;</li> <li>‘biometric identification’ means the automated recognition of physical, physiological, behavioural, or psychological human features for the purpose of establishing the identity of a natural person by comparing biometric data of that individual to biometric data of individuals stored in a database;</li> <li>‘biometric verification’ means the automated, one-to-one verification, including authentication, of the identity of natural persons by comparing their biometric data to previously provided biometric data;</li> <li>‘special categories of personal data’ means the categories of personal data referred to in <a href="https://gdpr-info.eu/art-9-gdpr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 9(1)</a> of Regulation (EU) 2016/679, <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32016L0680#d1e1365-89-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 10</a> of Directive (EU) 2016/680 and <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32018R1725#d1e1402-39-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 10(1)</a> of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725;</li> <li>‘sensitive operational data’ means operational data related to activities of prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of criminal offences, the disclosure of which could jeopardise the integrity of criminal proceedings;</li> <li>‘emotion recognition system’ means an AI system for the purpose of identifying or inferring emotions or intentions of natural persons on the basis of their biometric data;</li> <li>‘biometric categorisation system’ means an AI system for the purpose of assigning natural persons to specific categories on the basis of their biometric data, unless it is ancillary to another commercial service and strictly necessary for objective technical reasons;</li> <li>‘remote biometric identification system’ means an AI system for the purpose of identifying natural persons, without their active involvement, typically at a distance through the comparison of a person’s biometric data with the biometric data contained in a reference database;</li> <li>‘real-time remote biometric identification system’ means a remote biometric identification system, whereby the capturing of biometric data, the comparison and the identification all occur without a significant delay, comprising not only instant identification, but also limited short delays in order to avoid circumvention;</li> <li>‘post-remote biometric identification system’ means a remote biometric identification system other than a real-time remote biometric identification system;</li> <li>‘publicly accessible space’ means any publicly or privately owned physical place accessible to an undetermined number of natural persons, regardless of whether certain conditions for access may apply, and regardless of the potential capacity restrictions;</li> <li>‘law enforcement authority’ means: <ol> <li>any public authority competent for the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, including the safeguarding against and the prevention of threats to public security; or</li> <li>any other body or entity entrusted by Member State law to exercise public authority and public powers for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, including the safeguarding against and the prevention of threats to public security;</li> </ol> </li> <li>‘law enforcement’ means activities carried out by law enforcement authorities or on their behalf for the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, including safeguarding against and preventing threats to public security;</li> <li>‘AI Office’ means the Commission’s function of contributing to the implementation, monitoring and supervision of AI systems and general-purpose AI models, and AI governance, provided for in Commission Decision of 24 January 2024; references in this Regulation to the AI Office shall be construed as references to the Commission;</li> <li>‘national competent authority’ means a notifying authority or a market surveillance authority; as regards AI systems put into service or used by Union institutions, agencies, offices and bodies, references to national competent authorities or market surveillance authorities in this Regulation shall be construed as references to the European Data Protection Supervisor;</li> <li>‘serious incident’ means an incident or malfunctioning of an AI system that directly or indirectly leads to any of the following: <ol> <li>the death of a person, or serious harm to a person’s health;</li> <li>a serious and irreversible disruption of the management or operation of critical infrastructure;</li> <li>the infringement of obligations under Union law intended to protect fundamental rights;</li> <li>serious harm to property or the environment;</li> </ol> </li> <li>‘personal data’ means personal data as defined in <a href="https://gdpr-info.eu/art-4-gdpr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 4</a>, point (1), of Regulation (EU) 2016/679;</li> <li>‘non-personal data’ means data other than personal data as defined in <a href="https://gdpr-info.eu/art-4-gdpr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 4</a>, point (1), of Regulation (EU) 2016/679;</li> <li>‘profiling’ means profiling as defined in <a href="https://gdpr-info.eu/art-4-gdpr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 4</a>, point (4), of Regulation (EU) 2016/679;</li> <li>‘real-world testing plan’ means a document that describes the objectives, methodology, geographical, population and temporal scope, monitoring, organisation and conduct of testing in real-world conditions;</li> <li>‘sandbox plan’ means a document agreed between the participating provider and the competent authority describing the objectives, conditions, timeframe, methodology and requirements for the activities carried out within the sandbox;</li> <li>‘AI regulatory sandbox’ means a controlled framework set up by a competent authority which offers providers or prospective providers of AI systems the possibility to develop, train, validate and test, where appropriate in real-world conditions, an innovative AI system, pursuant to a sandbox plan for a limited time under regulatory supervision;</li> <li>‘AI literacy’ means skills, knowledge and understanding that allow providers, deployers and affected persons, taking into account their respective rights and obligations in the context of this Regulation, to make an informed deployment of AI systems, as well as to gain awareness about the opportunities and risks of AI and possible harm it can cause;</li> <li>‘testing in real-world conditions’ means the temporary testing of an AI system for its intended purpose in real-world conditions outside a laboratory or otherwise simulated environment, with a view to gathering reliable and robust data and to assessing and verifying the conformity of the AI system with the requirements of this Regulation and it does not qualify as placing the AI system on the market or putting it into service within the meaning of this Regulation, provided that all the conditions laid down in <a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/57/">Article 57</a> or <a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/60/">60</a> are fulfilled;</li> <li>‘subject’, for the purpose of real-world testing, means a natural person who participates in testing in real-world conditions;</li> <li>‘informed consent’ means a subject’s freely given, specific, unambiguous and voluntary expression of his or her willingness to participate in a particular testing in real-world conditions, after having been informed of all aspects of the testing that are relevant to the subject’s decision to participate;</li> <li>‘deep fake’ means KI‑generated or manipulated image, audio or video content that resembles existing persons, objects, places, entities or events and would falsely appear to a person to be authentic or truthful;</li> <li>‘widespread infringement’ means any act or omission contrary to Union law protecting the interest of individuals, which: <ol> <li>has harmed or is likely to harm the collective interests of individuals residing in at least two Member States other than the Member State in which: <ol> <li>the act or omission originated or took place;</li> <li>the provider concerned, or, where applicable, its authorised representative is located or established; or</li> <li>the deployer is established, when the infringement is committed by the deployer;</li> </ol> </li> <li>has caused, causes or is likely to cause harm to the collective interests of individuals and has common features, including the same unlawful practice or the same interest being infringed, and is occurring concurrently, committed by the same operator, in at least three Member States;</li> </ol> </li> <li>‘critical infrastructure’ means critical infrastructure as defined in <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022L2557#d1e768-164-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Article 2</a>, point (4), of Directive (EU) 2022/2557;</li> <li>‘general-purpose AI model’ means an AI model, including where such an AI model is trained with a large amount of data using self-supervision at scale, that displays significant generality and is capable of competently performing a wide range of distinct tasks regardless of the way the model is placed on the market and that can be integrated into a variety of downstream systems or applications, except AI models that are used for research, development or prototyping activities before they are placed on the market;</li> <li>‘high-impact capabilities’ means capabilities that match or exceed the capabilities recorded in the most advanced general-purpose AI models;</li> <li>‘systemic risk’ means a risk that is specific to the high-impact capabilities of general-purpose AI models, having a significant impact on the Union market due to their reach, or due to actual or reasonably foreseeable negative effects on public health, safety, public security, fundamental rights, or the society as a whole, that can be propagated at scale across the value chain;</li> <li>‘general-purpose AI system’ means an AI system which is based on a general-purpose AI model and which has the capability to serve a variety of purposes, both for direct use as well as for integration in other AI systems;</li> <li>‘floating-point operation’ means any mathematical operation or assignment involving floating-point numbers, which are a subset of the real numbers typically represented on computers by an integer of fixed precision scaled by an integer exponent of a fixed base;</li> <li>‘downstream provider’ means a provider of an AI system, including a general-purpose AI system, which integrates an AI model, regardless of whether the AI model is provided by themselves and vertically integrated or provided by another entity based on contractual relations.</li> </ol> <div class="empfehlung-erwaegungsgruende"> <h2>Suitable Recitals</h2> <span><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/recital/12/">(<span class="bold-number">12</span>) AI system</a></span> <span><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/recital/13/">(<span class="bold-number">13</span>) Deployer</a></span> <span><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/recital/14/">(<span class="bold-number">14</span>) Biometric data</a></span> <span><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/recital/15/">(<span class="bold-number">15</span>) Biometric identification</a></span> <span><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/recital/16/">(<span class="bold-number">16</span>) Biometric categorisation</a></span> <span><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/recital/17/">(<span class="bold-number">17</span>) Remote biometric identification system</a></span> <span><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/recital/18/">(<span class="bold-number">18</span>) Emotion recognition system</a></span> <span><a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/recital/19/">(<span class="bold-number">19</span>) Publicly accessible space</a></span> </div> <div class="page-navigation"> <div class="alignleft"> <a href="https://ai-act-law.eu/article/2/" title="Art. 2 AI 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