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<span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications_and_informational_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications_and_informational_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Publications and informational resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications_and_informational_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicology_and_environmental_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicology_and_environmental_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Toxicology and environmental health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicology_and_environmental_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radiation_exposure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radiation_exposure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Radiation exposure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radiation_exposure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extramural_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extramural_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Extramural division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extramural_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>National Center for Biotechnology Information division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United States National Library of Medicine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="المكتبة الوطنية للطب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المكتبة الوطنية للطب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Medicina_de_los_Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de los Estaos Xuníos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de los Estaos Xuníos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_Milli_Tibb_Kitabxanas%C4%B1" title="ABŞ Milli Tibb Kitabxanası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ Milli Tibb Kitabxanası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Нацыянальная бібліятэка медыцыны ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нацыянальная бібліятэка медыцыны ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalna_medicinska_biblioteka_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Nacionalna medicinska biblioteka Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nacionalna medicinska biblioteka Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="United States National Library of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="United States National Library of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United States National Library of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7" title="Αμερικανική Εθνική Ιατρική Βιβλιοθήκη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμερικανική Εθνική Ιατρική Βιβλιοθήκη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Medicina_de_Estados_Unidos" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_biblioteko_de_Medicino_(Usono)" title="Nacia biblioteko de Medicino (Usono) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia biblioteko de Medicino (Usono)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="کتابخانه ملی پزشکی ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتابخانه ملی پزشکی ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="United States National Library of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD_%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80" title="미국 국립 의학 도서관 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 국립 의학 도서관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalna_knji%C5%BEnica_medicine_SAD" title="Nacionalna knjižnica medicine SAD – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nacionalna knjižnica medicine SAD" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpustakaan_Kedokteran_Nasional_Amerika_Serikat" title="Perpustakaan Kedokteran Nasional Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perpustakaan Kedokteran Nasional Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Medicine" title="National Library of Medicine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="National Library of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הספרייה הלאומית לרפואה של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הספרייה הלאומית לרפואה של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Кошмо Штаттар Улуттук Медициналык Китепканасы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кошмо Штаттар Улуттук Медициналык Китепканасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="المكتبه الوطنيه لعلم الطب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المكتبه الوطنيه لعلم الطب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpustakaan_Perubatan_Negara_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Perpustakaan Perubatan Negara Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perpustakaan Perubatan Negara Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Medicine" title="National Library of Medicine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="National Library of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="アメリカ国立医学図書館 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ国立医学図書館" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Medicine" title="National Library of Medicine – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="National Library of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Medicina_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_Medicin%C4%83_a_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Biblioteca Națională de Medicină a Statelor Unite ale Americii – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biblioteca Națională de Medicină a Statelor Unite ale Americii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Национальная библиотека медицины США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальная библиотека медицины США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United States National Library of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="United States National Library of Medicine" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dka_nacionalna_medicinska_biblioteka" title="Američka nacionalna medicinska biblioteka – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Američka nacionalna medicinska biblioteka" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dka_nacionalna_medicinska_biblioteka" title="Američka nacionalna medicinska biblioteka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Američka nacionalna medicinska biblioteka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / 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class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&params=38.995951_N_77.098832_W_type:landmark_region:US"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°59′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°05′56″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.995951°N 77.098832°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.995951; -77.098832</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Medicine&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Medicine">National Library of Medicine</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">World's largest medical library.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;">United States<br />National Library of Medicine</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_U.S._National_Library_of_Medicine.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo of the National Library of Medicine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Logo_of_U.S._National_Library_of_Medicine.png/220px-Logo_of_U.S._National_Library_of_Medicine.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Logo_of_U.S._National_Library_of_Medicine.png/330px-Logo_of_U.S._National_Library_of_Medicine.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Logo_of_U.S._National_Library_of_Medicine.png/440px-Logo_of_U.S._National_Library_of_Medicine.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine_1999.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="National Library of Medicine in 1999" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine_1999.jpg/250px-United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine_1999.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine_1999.jpg/375px-United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine_1999.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine_1999.jpg/500px-United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine_1999.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1819" data-file-height="880" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Library in 1999</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="14" data-overlays="["_06f7310e5822ad20fc8f0fd742ab866627766561"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,14,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&revid=1242090299&groups=_06f7310e5822ad20fc8f0fd742ab866627766561" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,14,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&revid=1242090299&groups=_06f7310e5822ad20fc8f0fd742ab866627766561 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&params=38.995951_N_77.098832_W_type:landmark_region:US"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°59′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°05′56″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.995951°N 77.098832°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.995951; -77.098832</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_library" title="Medical library">Medical library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1836<span class="noprint">; 188 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1836</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-briefhistory_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briefhistory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(as the <i>Library of the Office of the Surgeon General of the Army</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-175years_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175years-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference to legal mandate</th><td class="infobox-data">Public Law 941 – August 3, 1956, an amendment to Title III of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Service_Act" title="Public Health Service Act">Public Health Service Act</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Collection</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Items collected</th><td class="infobox-data">books, journals, manuscripts, images, and multimedia; genomic, chemical, toxicological, and environmental data; drug information; clinical trials data; health data standards; software; and consumer health information</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">27.8 million (2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria for collection</th><td class="infobox-data">Acquiring, organizing, and preserving the world's scholarly biomedical literature</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Access and use</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Access requirements</th><td class="infobox-data">Open to the public</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Circulation</th><td class="infobox-data">309,817 (2015)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Other information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>341,119,000<sup id="cite_ref-2015-2016-budget_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015-2016-budget-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Director</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Flatley_Brennan" title="Patricia Flatley Brennan">Patricia Flatley Brennan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Registered_nurse" title="Registered nurse">RN</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a><sup id="cite_ref-welcomes_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welcomes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">1,741</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov">nlm.nih.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United States National Library of Medicine</b> (<b>NLM</b>), operated by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">United States federal government</a>, is the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Medical_library" title="Medical library">medical library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Located in <a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, Maryland</a>, the NLM is an institute within the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>. Its collections include more than seven million <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">books</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">journals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technical_report" title="Technical report">technical reports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscripts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microform" title="Microform">microfilms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">photographs</a>, and images on medicine and related sciences, including some of the world's oldest and rarest works. </p><p>The current acting director of the NLM is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Sherry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Sherry (page does not exist)">Stephen Sherry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-welcomes_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welcomes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For details of the pre-1956 history of the Library, see <a href="/wiki/Library_of_the_Surgeon_General%27s_Office" title="Library of the Surgeon General's Office">Library of the Surgeon General's Office</a>.</div> <p>The precursor of the National Library of Medicine, established in 1836, was the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_the_Surgeon_General%27s_Office" title="Library of the Surgeon General's Office">Library of the Surgeon General's Office</a>, a part of the office of the <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Surgeon General of the United States Army">Surgeon General of the United States Army</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Institute_of_Pathology" title="Armed Forces Institute of Pathology">Armed Forces Institute of Pathology</a> and its Medical Museum were founded in 1862 as the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine" title="National Museum of Health and Medicine">Army Medical Museum</a>. Throughout their history the Library of the Surgeon General's Office and the Army Medical Museum often shared quarters. From 1866 to 1887, they were housed in <a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theatre" title="Ford's Theatre">Ford's Theatre</a> after production there was stopped, following the assassination of President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1956, the library collection was transferred from the control of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service" title="United States Public Health Service">Public Health Service</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health, Education, and Welfare</a> and renamed the National Library of Medicine, through the instrumentality of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Bradway_Rogers" title="Frank Bradway Rogers">Frank Bradway Rogers</a>, who was the director from 1956 to 1963. The library moved to its current quarters in <a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, Maryland</a>, on the campus of the National Institutes of Health, in 1962.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directors">Directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Directors from 1945 to present<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Director </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leon_L._Gardner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Leon_L._Gardner.jpg/100px-Leon_L._Gardner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Leon_L._Gardner.jpg/150px-Leon_L._Gardner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Leon_L._Gardner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="191" data-file-height="240" /></a></span> </td> <td>Leon Lloyd Gardner </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>1946 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noimage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Noimage.svg/100px-Noimage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Noimage.svg/150px-Noimage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Noimage.svg/200px-Noimage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> </td> <td>Joseph Hamilton McNinch </td> <td>1946 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_B._Rogers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Frank_B._Rogers.jpg/100px-Frank_B._Rogers.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Frank_B._Rogers.jpg/150px-Frank_B._Rogers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Frank_B._Rogers.jpg/200px-Frank_B._Rogers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2270" data-file-height="2895" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Bradway_Rogers" title="Frank Bradway Rogers">Frank Bradway Rogers</a> </td> <td>1949 </td> <td>1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_M._Cummings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Martin_M._Cummings.jpg/100px-Martin_M._Cummings.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Martin_M._Cummings.jpg/150px-Martin_M._Cummings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Martin_M._Cummings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="240" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Marc_Cummings" title="Martin Marc Cummings">Martin Marc Cummings</a> </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_National_Library_of_Medicine_Director_Donald_A.B._Lindberg,_M.D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Former_National_Library_of_Medicine_Director_Donald_A.B._Lindberg%2C_M.D.jpg/100px-Former_National_Library_of_Medicine_Director_Donald_A.B._Lindberg%2C_M.D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Former_National_Library_of_Medicine_Director_Donald_A.B._Lindberg%2C_M.D.jpg/150px-Former_National_Library_of_Medicine_Director_Donald_A.B._Lindberg%2C_M.D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Former_National_Library_of_Medicine_Director_Donald_A.B._Lindberg%2C_M.D.jpg/200px-Former_National_Library_of_Medicine_Director_Donald_A.B._Lindberg%2C_M.D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="873" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_A._B._Lindberg" title="Donald A. B. Lindberg">Donald A. B. Lindberg</a> </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Betsy_Humphreys_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Betsy_Humphreys_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Betsy_Humphreys_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Betsy_Humphreys_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Betsy_Humphreys_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Betsy_Humphreys_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Betsy_Humphreys_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="651" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Humphreys" title="Betsy Humphreys">Betsy Humphreys</a> (acting) </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patricia_Flatley_Brennan_Headshot_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Patricia_Flatley_Brennan_Headshot_2019.jpg/100px-Patricia_Flatley_Brennan_Headshot_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Patricia_Flatley_Brennan_Headshot_2019.jpg/150px-Patricia_Flatley_Brennan_Headshot_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Patricia_Flatley_Brennan_Headshot_2019.jpg/200px-Patricia_Flatley_Brennan_Headshot_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Flatley_Brennan" title="Patricia Flatley Brennan">Patricia Flatley Brennan</a> </td> <td>2016 </td> <td>2023 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications_and_informational_resources">Publications and informational resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publications and informational resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1879, the National Library of Medicine has published the <a href="/wiki/Index_Medicus" title="Index Medicus">Index Medicus</a>, a monthly guide to articles, in nearly five thousand selected journals. The last issue of Index Medicus was printed in December 2004, but this information is offered in the freely accessible <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>, among the more than fifteen million <a href="/wiki/MEDLINE" title="MEDLINE">MEDLINE</a> journal article references and abstracts going back to the 1960s and 1.5 million references going back to the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Library of Medicine runs the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">National Center for Biotechnology Information</a>, which houses <a href="/wiki/Biological_database" title="Biological database">biological databases</a> (PubMed among them) that are freely accessible on the Internet through the <a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a> search engine<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lister_Hill_National_Center_For_Biomedical_Communications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lister Hill National Center For Biomedical Communications (page does not exist)">Lister Hill National Center For Biomedical Communications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the United States National Release Center for <a href="/wiki/SNOMED_CT" title="SNOMED CT">SNOMED CT</a>, NLM provides SNOMED CT data and resources to licensees of the NLM <a href="/wiki/UMLS" class="mw-redirect" title="UMLS">UMLS</a> Metathesaurus.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NLM maintains <a href="/wiki/ClinicalTrials.gov" title="ClinicalTrials.gov">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> registry for human interventional and observational studies. Additionally NLM runs ChemIDplus, which is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_database" title="Chemical database">chemical database</a> of over 400,000 <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemicals</a> complete with names, synonyms, and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_structure" title="Chemical structure">structures</a>. It includes links to NLM and other databases and resources, including links to federal, state and international agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicology_and_environmental_health">Toxicology and environmental health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Toxicology and environmental health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Toxicology and Environmental Health Program was established at the National Library of Medicine in 1967 and is charged with developing computer databases compiled from the medical literature and from the files of governmental and nongovernmental organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program has implemented several information systems for chemical emergency response and public education, such as the <a href="/wiki/Toxicology_Data_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxicology Data Network">Toxicology Data Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/TOXMAP" title="TOXMAP">TOXMAP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tox_Town&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tox Town (page does not exist)">Tox Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Information_System_for_Emergency_Responders" title="Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders">Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders</a>, Toxmystery, and the <a href="/wiki/Household_Products_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Household Products Database">Household Products Database</a>. These resources are accessible without charge on the internet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radiation_exposure">Radiation exposure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Radiation exposure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States National Library of Medicine Radiation Emergency Management System<sup id="cite_ref-remm_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remm-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides: </p> <ul><li>Guidance for health care providers, primarily physicians, about clinical diagnosis and treatment of radiation injury during radiological and nuclear emergencies</li> <li>Just-in-time, evidence-based, usable information with sufficient background and context to make complex issues understandable to those without formal radiation medicine expertise</li> <li>Web-based information that may be downloaded in advance, so that it would be available during an emergency if the Internet were not accessible</li></ul> <p>Radiation Emergency Management System is produced by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">United States Department of Health and Human Services</a>, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Office of Planning and Emergency Operations, in cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Medicine">National Library of Medicine</a>, Division of Specialized Information Services, with subject matter experts from the <a href="/wiki/National_Cancer_Institute" title="National Cancer Institute">National Cancer Institute</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>, and many U.S. and international consultants.<sup id="cite_ref-remm_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remm-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extramural_division">Extramural division</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Extramural division"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Extramural Division provides grants to support research in medical information science and to support planning and development of computer and communications systems in medical institutions. Research, publications, and exhibitions on the history of medicine and the life sciences also are supported by the History of Medicine Division. In April 2008 the current exhibition <a href="/wiki/Against_the_Odds:_Making_a_Difference_in_Global_Health" title="Against the Odds: Making a Difference in Global Health">Against the Odds: Making a Difference in Global Health</a> was launched.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information_division">National Center for Biotechnology Information division</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: National Center for Biotechnology Information division"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">National Center for Biotechnology Information</a> is an intramural division within National Library of Medicine that creates public databases in molecular biology, conducts research in <a href="/wiki/Computational_biology" title="Computational biology">computational biology</a>, develops software tools for analyzing molecular and genomic data, and disseminates biomedical information, all for the better understanding of processes affecting human health and disease.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JournalReview.org" title="JournalReview.org">JournalReview.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Medicine_classification" title="National Library of Medicine classification">National Library of Medicine classification system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-briefhistory-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-briefhistory_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/about/briefhistory.html">A Brief History of NLM</a>". <i>National Library of Medicine</i>. Retrieved September 29, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175years-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175years_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.nlm.nih.gov/175/milestones.cfm">Our Milestones</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130216043824/http://apps.nlm.nih.gov/175/milestones.cfm">Archived</a> 2013-02-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> National Library of Medicine. Retrieved September 29, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2015-2016-budget-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2015-2016-budget_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/3020/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22National+Library+of+Medicine%5C%22%22%5D%7D&resultIndex=2">H.R. 3020 – Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016</a>". <a href="/wiki/114th_United_States_Congress" title="114th United States Congress">114th Congress</a>. 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-welcomes-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-welcomes_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-welcomes_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov/2023/10/04/passing-the-nlm-torch-welcome-to-dr-steve-sherry/">Passing the NLM Torch: Welcome to Dr. Steve Sherry!</a>". <i>NLM Musings from the Mezzanine</i>. October 4, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDeBakey_ME1991" class="citation journal cs1">DeBakey ME (1991). "The National Library of Medicine. Evolution of a premier information center". <i>JAMA</i>. <b>266</b> (9): 1252–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.266.9.1252">10.1001/jama.266.9.1252</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1870251">1870251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=The+National+Library+of+Medicine.+Evolution+of+a+premier+information+center&rft.volume=266&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1252-58&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.266.9.1252&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1870251&rft.au=DeBakey+ME&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+National+Library+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/national-library-medicine-nlm">"National Library of Medicine (NLM) - NLM Directors"</a>. <i>The NIH Almanac</i>. National Institutes of Health. November 3, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922110111/https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/national-library-medicine-nlm">Archived</a> from the original on Sep 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+NIH+Almanac&rft.atitle=National+Library+of+Medicine+%28NLM%29+-+NLM+Directors&rft.date=2023-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nih.gov%2Fabout-nih%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fnih-almanac%2Fnational-library-medicine-nlm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+National+Library+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/">"PubMed"</a>. United States National Library of Medicine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PubMed&rft.pub=United+States+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+National+Library+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/education/">"NCBI Educational Resources"</a>. United States National Library of Medicine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NCBI+Educational+Resources&rft.pub=United+States+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Feducation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+National+Library+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov">"LHNCBC"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LHNCBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flhncbc.nlm.nih.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+National+Library+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/healthit/snomedct/index.html">"SNOMED CT"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SNOMED+CT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fhealthit%2Fsnomedct%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+National+Library+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp">"ChemIDplus Lite – Chemical information with searchable synonyms, structures, and formulas"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ChemIDplus+Lite+%E2%80%93+Chemical+information+with+searchable+synonyms%2C+structures%2C+and+formulas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.nlm.nih.gov%2Fchemidplus%2Fchemidlite.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+National+Library+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/tehipfs.html">Toxicology and Environmental Health Program</a>". <i>National Library of Medicine</i>. Retrieved July 11, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-remm-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-remm_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-remm_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.remm.nlm.gov/index.html">Radiation Emergency Management System</a>". <i>National Library of Medicine</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiles1992" class="citation book cs1">Miles, Wyndham D. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/8218545"><i>A History of the National Library of Medicine: The Nation's Treasury of Medical Knowledge</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 531. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-002644-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-002644-7"><bdi>978-0-16-002644-7</bdi></a>. NLM 8218545.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+National+Library+of+Medicine%3A+The+Nation%27s+Treasury+of+Medical+Knowledge&rft.pages=531&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-16-002644-7&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Wyndham+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresource.nlm.nih.gov%2F8218545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+National+Library+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReznickKoyle2017" class="citation book cs1">Reznick, Jeffrey; Koyle, Ken (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ImagesofAmericaNLM"><i>US National Library of Medicine</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4671-2608-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4671-2608-3"><bdi>978-1-4671-2608-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2017931439">2017931439</a>. NLM 101706419.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=US+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.place=Charleston%2C+South+Carolina&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2017931439&rft.isbn=978-1-4671-2608-3&rft.aulast=Reznick&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.au=Koyle%2C+Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.nlm.nih.gov%2FImagesofAmericaNLM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+National+Library+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchullianRogers1958" class="citation journal cs1">Schullian, Dorothy; Rogers, Frank (January 1958). "The National Library of Medicine. I". <i>The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy</i>. <b>28</b> (1): 1–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F618482">10.1086/618482</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4304714">4304714</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19938388">19938388</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37983204">37983204</a>. NLM 0135203.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Library+Quarterly%3A+Information%2C+Community%2C+Policy&rft.atitle=The+National+Library+of+Medicine.+I&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-17&rft.date=1958-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19938388&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37983204%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4304714%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F618482&rft.aulast=Schullian&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+National+Library+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchullianRogers1958" class="citation journal cs1">Schullian, Dorothy; Rogers, Frank (April 1958). "The National Library of Medicine. II". <i>The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy</i>. <b>28</b> (2): 95–121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F618521">10.1086/618521</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4304753">4304753</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19938389">19938389</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8301098">8301098</a>. NLM 0135203.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Library+Quarterly%3A+Information%2C+Community%2C+Policy&rft.atitle=The+National+Library+of+Medicine.+II&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=95-121&rft.date=1958-04&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19938389&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8301098%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4304753%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F618521&rft.aulast=Schullian&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+National+Library+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/8708723"><i>Past, present, and future of biomedical information</i></a>. Bethesda, Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine. 1987. NLM 8708723<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Past%2C+present%2C+and+future+of+biomedical+information&rft.place=Bethesda%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%2C+Public+Health+Service%2C+National+Institutes+of+Health%2C+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.date=1987&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresource.nlm.nih.gov%2F8708723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+National+Library+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="http://oculus.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx">History of Medicine Division: Finding Aids</a>, a <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/consortium/about.html">multi-institutional</a></span> discovery service</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="24px&#124;Flag_of_the_United_States_United_States_national_libraries" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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data-file-height="650" /></a></span> United States national libraries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture:</a></i>  <b><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Agricultural_Library" title="United States National Agricultural Library">National Agricultural Library</a></b></li> <li> <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress:</a></i>  <b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></b></li> <li> <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation:</a></i>  <b><a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Library" title="National Transportation Library">National Transportation Library</a></b></li> <li> <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services / </a><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health:</a></i>  <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Library of Medicine</a></b></li> <li> <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Department of Education:</a></i>  <b><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Education_(United_States)" title="National Library of Education (United States)">National Library of Education</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Other related libraries and services</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Law_Library_of_Congress" title="Law Library of Congress">Law Library of Congress</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Federal_Depository_Library_Program" title="Federal Depository Library Program">Federal Depository Library Program</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Presidential_library_system" title="Presidential library system">Presidential library system</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_libraries_and_archives" title="List of U.S. state libraries and archives">List of U.S. state libraries and archives</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Institutes_of_Health_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Institutes_of_Health" title="Template:National Institutes of Health"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Institutes_of_Health" title="Template talk:National Institutes of Health"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Institutes_of_Health" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Institutes of Health"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Institutes_of_Health_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_institutes_and_centers_of_the_National_Institutes_of_Health" title="List of institutes and centers of the National Institutes of Health">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Cancer_Institute" title="National Cancer Institute">National Cancer Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Eye_Institute" title="National Eye Institute">National Eye Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Heart,_Lung,_and_Blood_Institute" title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Human_Genome_Research_Institute" title="National Human Genome Research Institute">National Human Genome Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_on_Aging" title="National Institute on Aging">National Institute on Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_on_Alcohol_Abuse_and_Alcoholism" title="National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Arthritis_and_Musculoskeletal_and_Skin_Diseases" title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Biomedical_Imaging_and_Bioengineering" title="National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering">National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Child_Health_and_Human_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Child Health and Human Development">National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_on_Deafness_and_Other_Communication_Disorders" title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Dental_and_Craniofacial_Research" title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Diabetes_and_Digestive_and_Kidney_Diseases" title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_on_Drug_Abuse" title="National Institute on Drug Abuse">National Institute on Drug Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Environmental_Health_Sciences" title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_General_Medical_Sciences" title="National Institute of General Medical Sciences">National Institute of General Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Mental_Health" title="National Institute of Mental Health">National Institute of Mental Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_on_Minority_Health_and_Health_Disparities" title="National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities">National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke" title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Nursing_Research" title="National Institute of Nursing Research">National Institute of Nursing Research</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Library of Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Information_Technology" title="Center for Information Technology">Center for Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Scientific_Review" title="Center for Scientific Review">Center for Scientific Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Fogarty_International_Center" title="John E. Fogarty International Center">John E. Fogarty International Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Complementary_and_Integrative_Health" title="National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health">National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Advancing_Translational_Sciences" title="National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences">National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Research_Center" title="Vaccine Research Center">Vaccine Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_Clinical_Center" title="National Institutes of Health Clinical Center">National Institutes of Health Clinical Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency_for_Health" title="Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health">Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Human_Project" title="Visible Human Project">Visible Human Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diabetes_Education_Program" title="National Diabetes Education Program">National Diabetes Education Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRAIN_Initiative" title="BRAIN Initiative">BRAIN Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_National_Institutes_of_Health" title="Director of the National Institutes of Health">Directors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_J._Kinyoun" title="Joseph J. Kinyoun">Joseph J. Kinyoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_J._Rosenau" title="Milton J. Rosenau">Milton J. Rosenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fleetezelle_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fleetezelle Anderson">John F. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._McCoy" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. McCoy">George W. McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_R._Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis R. Thompson">Lewis R. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolla_Dyer" title="Rolla Dyer">Rolla Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Sebrell,_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Sebrell, Jr">William H. Sebrell, Jr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Augustine_Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="James Augustine Shannon">James Augustine Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Q._Marston" title="Robert Q. Marston">Robert Q. Marston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stone_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Stone (scientist)">Robert Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_S._Fredrickson" title="Donald S. Fredrickson">Donald S. Fredrickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Wyngaarden" class="mw-redirect" title="James B. Wyngaarden">James B. Wyngaarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadine_Healy" title="Bernadine Healy">Bernadine Healy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Harold E. Varmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Zerhouni" title="Elias Zerhouni">Elias Zerhouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Bertagnolli" title="Monica Bertagnolli">Monica Bertagnolli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/NIH_Record" title="NIH Record">NIH Record</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service" title="United States Public Health Service">United States Public Health Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIH_Intramural_Research_Program" title="NIH Intramural Research Program">Division of Intramural Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_campus" title="National Institutes of Health campus">National Institutes of Health campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_Director%27s_Pioneer_Award" title="National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award">National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIH_Public_Access_Policy" title="NIH Public Access Policy">NIH Public Access Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Research_Resources" title="National Center for Research Resources">National Center for Research Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_Police" title="National Institutes of Health Police">National Institutes of Health Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Laboratory_Animal_Welfare" title="Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare">Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate acting officeholders</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q611833#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q611833#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q611833#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1006047-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80044831">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12022635n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12022635n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00276297">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35569840">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National Library of Medicine (Spojené státy americké)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20020121005&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Armed Forces Medical Library (Spojené státy americké)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20020121006&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX90662">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/6926">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90146321">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=99665">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB202010543">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/20418">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265828305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058528225406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0071519X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3id.org/isil/US-DNLM">ISIL</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3id.org/isil/US-dnlm">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/999422">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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