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(PDF) koutsogiannis & Mitsikopoulou (2004). THE INTERNET AS A GLOCAL DISCOURSE ENVIRONMENT | Dimitrios Koutsogiannis - Academia.edu

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THE INTERNET AS A GLOCAL DISCOURSE ENVIRONMENT | Dimitrios Koutsogiannis - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/1637281/koutsogiannis_and_Mitsikopoulou_2004_THE_INTERNET_AS_A_GLOCAL_DISCOURSE_ENVIRONMENT" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9387f500ddcbb8d05c67bef28a2fe0334f1aafb8'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733014563000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733014563000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"ABSTRACT The Internet as a worldwide literacy practice environment has created a new situation in communication, providing a new dynamic field for research. On the basis of the two articles under discussion, this commentary develops three main aspects of the Internet: as an informal learning environment for English as a second/foreign language; as a discursive space where identities are formed and social relationships are negotiated; and, as a space where the intermingling of the global and the local gives rise to hybrid language varieties. Taking into account that electronic environments are not neutral literacy practice environments but are involved in a complex nexus of power structures and relations that also need to be explored, this paper briefly addresses issues related to theoretical and methodological approaches for the study of language varieties in the Internet.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Dimitrios Koutsogiannis"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2012-06-09","dateModified":"2016-02-23","datePublished":null,"headline":"koutsogiannis \u0026 Mitsikopoulou (2004). THE INTERNET AS A GLOCAL DISCOURSE ENVIRONMENT","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Computer Assisted Language Learning","Digital Literacy","Glocalization","Applied Linguistics","Teacher Research","Social Media","Qualitative Research","Reflection","Blogging","CALL","Language Teaching","Language Learning","Teacher Reflection","The Impact of Globalization and the Internet on English Language Teaching and Learning","Modern Foreign Languages Teaching and Learning","MFL"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/1637281/koutsogiannis_and_Mitsikopoulou_2004_THE_INTERNET_AS_A_GLOCAL_DISCOURSE_ENVIRONMENT","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"auth"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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situation in communication, providing a new dynamic field for research. On the basis of the two articles under discussion, this commentary develops three main aspects of the Internet: as an informal learning environment for English as a second/foreign language; as a discursive space where identities are formed and social relationships are negotiated; and, as a space where the intermingling of the global and the local gives rise to hybrid language varieties. Taking into account that electronic environments are not neutral literacy practice environments but are involved in a complex nexus of power structures and relations that also need to be explored, this paper briefly addresses issues related to theoretical and methodological approaches for the study of language varieties in the Internet."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":10,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"koutsogiannis \u0026 Mitsikopoulou (2004). 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THE INTERNET AS A GLOCAL DISCOURSE ENVIRONMENT</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="260429" href="https://auth.academia.edu/DimitriosKoutsogiannis"><img alt="Profile image of Dimitrios Koutsogiannis" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Dimitrios Koutsogiannis</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">ABSTRACT The Internet as a worldwide literacy practice environment has created a new situation in communication, providing a new dynamic field for research. On the basis of the two articles under discussion, this commentary develops three main aspects of the Internet: as an informal learning environment for English as a second/foreign language; as a discursive space where identities are formed and social relationships are negotiated; and, as a space where the intermingling of the global and the local gives rise to hybrid language varieties. Taking into account that electronic environments are not neutral literacy practice environments but are involved in a complex nexus of power structures and relations that also need to be explored, this paper briefly addresses issues related to theoretical and methodological approaches for the study of language varieties in the Internet.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;continue-reading-button--work-card&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:17081714,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/1637281/koutsogiannis_and_Mitsikopoulou_2004_THE_INTERNET_AS_A_GLOCAL_DISCOURSE_ENVIRONMENT&quot;}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;download-pdf-button--work-card&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:17081714,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/1637281/koutsogiannis_and_Mitsikopoulou_2004_THE_INTERNET_AS_A_GLOCAL_DISCOURSE_ENVIRONMENT&quot;}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="17081714" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/1637281/koutsogiannis_and_Mitsikopoulou_2004_THE_INTERNET_AS_A_GLOCAL_DISCOURSE_ENVIRONMENT" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="22273568" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22273568/Koutsogiannis_D_and_Mitsikopoulou_B_2004_The_Internet_as_a_glocal_discourse_community_A_Commentary_on_Second_Language_Socialization_in_a_Bilingual_Chat_Room_by_Wan_Shun_Eva_Lam_and_Second_Language_Cyberhetoric_A_Study_of_Chinese_L2_Writers_in_an_Online_Usenet_Group_by_Joel_Bloch">Koutsogiannis, D. and Mitsikopoulou, B. (2004). The Internet as a glocal discourse community. A Commentary on &quot;Second Language Socialization in a Bilingual Chat Room&quot; by Wan Shun Eva Lam and &quot;Second Language Cyberhetoric: A Study of Chinese L2 Writers in an Online Usenet Group&quot; by Joel Bloch</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33228396" href="https://en-uoa-gr.academia.edu/BessieMitsikopoulou">Bessie Mitsikopoulou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Internet as a worldwide literacy practice environment has created a new situation in communication, providing a new dynamic field for research. 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Increasingly, telecommunication and most recently internet has meant that languages are no longer tied to particular geographical territories but may be found in various non-territorial dimensions. This has created a fluid, constantly changing global speech community in which different languages co-exist and interact in myriad ways and to varying degrees depending on the speakers&amp;#39; backgrounds. Within this complex scenario, not only does English become in effect translocal language (Pennycook 2007, Blommaert 2010) but English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) variations gain in influence, very possibly replacing traditional native-speaker varieties as the international standard (Seidlhofer 2011, Christiansen 2015). Thus, they will increasingly reflect the plurilingual reality in which spea...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Lingue e Linguaggi THE INTERNET AS A GLOBAL SPEECH COMMUNITY Towards Plurilingualisms and English Lingua Franca&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:82080141,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/73635487/Lingue_e_Linguaggi_THE_INTERNET_AS_A_GLOBAL_SPEECH_COMMUNITY_Towards_Plurilingualisms_and_English_Lingua_Franca&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73635487/Lingue_e_Linguaggi_THE_INTERNET_AS_A_GLOBAL_SPEECH_COMMUNITY_Towards_Plurilingualisms_and_English_Lingua_Franca"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="4660254" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4660254/Language_as_power_on_the_Internet">Language as power on the Internet</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5908272" href="https://ucf.academia.edu/MadelynFlammia">Madelyn Flammia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of The American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">English is typically considered not only the language of business, but also the language of the Internet. This brief communication explores the cultural implications of the power position of English as the language of the Internet and discusses the likelihood of its continued dominance.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Language as power on the Internet&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:49709274,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/4660254/Language_as_power_on_the_Internet&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4660254/Language_as_power_on_the_Internet"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="71983834" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71983834/Cyber_Transglossia_Unequal_Resources">Cyber Transglossia: Unequal Resources</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1426350" href="https://uts.academia.edu/ShailaSultana">Shaila Sultana</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This chapter focuses on the transglossic practices of young adults and their involvement with various cyber-culture-associated resources, including the Internet and other new forms of network communication, such as online communities, social media, texting, chatting and emailing. Cyber speaking is not restricted only to online contexts but can also be stretched to offline contexts, as young people’s Facebooked, Twittered and hashtagged lives cross easily between different modes. This chapter includes a discussion of the notions of flows and locality, dealing in particular with the different conditions that afford or preclude forms of online engagement. Cyber-centric transglossia presents us with data which show inconsistency, disparity and uneven distribution of resources amongst young speakers. Not all speakers have control over or access to certain resources, since the uneven localizing processes of certain linguistic resources are tied to the uneven distribution of other resources.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Cyber Transglossia: Unequal Resources&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:81101098,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/71983834/Cyber_Transglossia_Unequal_Resources&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71983834/Cyber_Transglossia_Unequal_Resources"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="31623934" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31623934/_2016_with_V_Franceschi_English_as_a_Lingua_Franca_Plurilingual_repertoires_and_language_choices_in_Computer_Mediated_Communication_In_L_Lopriore_and_E_Grazzi_eds_Intercultural_Communication_New_Perspectives_from_ELF_Roma_Roma_TrE_Press_pp_301_320">(2016) (with V. Franceschi) English as a Lingua Franca. Plurilingual repertoires and language choices in Computer-Mediated Communication. In L. Lopriore &amp; E. Grazzi (eds.) Intercultural Communication. New Perspectives from ELF. Roma: Roma TrE-Press, pp. 301-320.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="772261" href="https://univr.academia.edu/PaolaVettorel">Paola Vettorel</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47143998" href="https://uinvr.academia.edu/ValeriaFranceschi">Valeria Franceschi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper focuses on ELF use in computer-mediated-communication, and specifically on language choice and on the exploitation of the users’ plurilingual repertoires as a communicative strategy in Web 2.0 social spaces. Through data drawn from personal blogs and fan fiction texts, it will be exemplified how adapting English to ELF contexts and engaging in language alternation practices such as code-switching and polylingual languaging or heteroglossia may relate to audience design strategies in these online spaces.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;(2016) (with V. Franceschi) English as a Lingua Franca. Plurilingual repertoires and language choices in Computer-Mediated Communication. In L. Lopriore \u0026 E. Grazzi (eds.) Intercultural Communication. New Perspectives from ELF. Roma: Roma TrE-Press, pp. 301-320.&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:51949437,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/31623934/_2016_with_V_Franceschi_English_as_a_Lingua_Franca_Plurilingual_repertoires_and_language_choices_in_Computer_Mediated_Communication_In_L_Lopriore_and_E_Grazzi_eds_Intercultural_Communication_New_Perspectives_from_ELF_Roma_Roma_TrE_Press_pp_301_320&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31623934/_2016_with_V_Franceschi_English_as_a_Lingua_Franca_Plurilingual_repertoires_and_language_choices_in_Computer_Mediated_Communication_In_L_Lopriore_and_E_Grazzi_eds_Intercultural_Communication_New_Perspectives_from_ELF_Roma_Roma_TrE_Press_pp_301_320"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="115698870" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115698870/Multilingualism_and_minority_language_use_in_the_digital_sphere_The_digital_use_of_language_as_a_new_domain_of_language_use">Multilingualism and minority language use in the digital sphere: The digital use of language as a new domain of language use</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="256938" href="https://u-szeged.academia.edu/AnnaFenyvesi">Anna Fenyvesi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Introduction In the past quarter of a century, things digital have changed numerous aspects of our lives – and language use is no exception. With the use of email, the world wide web, mobile technologies, and digitally mediated ways of communication, a new domain of language use has entered the lives of most of us – namely, what I call “digital language use” below. A lot of it is oral, mediated by mobile phones and voice-over-IP (like Skype, for instance), but a great part of it is written and involves both reading and writing (such as emailing, texting, instant messaging, blogging etc.). In fact, it is estimated that through the use of these ways of digital communication, we read and write more today than before their advent (Baron 2008: 183). This makes especially written forms of digitally mediated communication a highly important new aspect of language use that should be the focus of concern for sociolinguists, educators working in bilingual education, and, indeed, all professio...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Multilingualism and minority language use in the digital sphere: The digital use of language as a new domain of language use&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:112032923,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/115698870/Multilingualism_and_minority_language_use_in_the_digital_sphere_The_digital_use_of_language_as_a_new_domain_of_language_use&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115698870/Multilingualism_and_minority_language_use_in_the_digital_sphere_The_digital_use_of_language_as_a_new_domain_of_language_use"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="55757215" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55757215/Linguistic_Minorities_on_the_Internet">Linguistic Minorities on the Internet</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="108187016" href="https://carleton-ca.academia.edu/Sheyholislami">Jaffer Sheyholislami</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Interactions in Online Environments, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Linguistic Minorities on the Internet&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:71476917,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/55757215/Linguistic_Minorities_on_the_Internet&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/55757215/Linguistic_Minorities_on_the_Internet"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:17081714,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:17081714,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_17081714" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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