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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fr-FR" xml:lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8">  <title>Biographie de HANS-JÜRGEN SYBERBERG (1935- ) - Encyclopædia Universalis</title> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta name="generator" content="TYPO3 CMS" /> <meta name="description" content="Biographie de HANS-JÜRGEN SYBERBERG (1935- ). Hans-Jürgen Syberberg, né en 1935 à Nossendorf, dans une famille de propriétaires terriens de la Poméranie..." /> <meta name="robots" content="index, all, follow" /> <meta name="viewport" content="viewport-fit=cover, width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="author" content="Encyclopædia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Biographie de HANS-JÜRGEN SYBERBERG (1935- )" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Biographie de HANS-JÜRGEN SYBERBERG (1935- ). Hans-Jürgen Syberberg, né en 1935 à Nossendorf, dans une famille de propriétaires terriens de la Poméranie orientale, est un des cinéastes les plus singuliers de l'Allemagne des années 1970, un des plus admirés – notamment en France –, un des..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/hans-jurgen-syberberg/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopædia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.universalis.fr/_web/static/icons/favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="256" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="252" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Biographie de HANS-JÜRGEN SYBERBERG (1935- )" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Biographie de HANS-JÜRGEN SYBERBERG (1935- ). Hans-Jürgen Syberberg, né en 1935 à Nossendorf, dans une famille de propriétaires terriens de la Poméranie orientale, est un des cinéastes les plus singuliers de l'Allemagne des années 1970, un des plus admirés – notamment en France –, un des..." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@universalisfr" /> <meta name="location" content="France" /> <meta name="rating" content="General" /> <meta name="distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="resource-type" content="document" /> <meta name="copyright" content="© Copyright 2024 - Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no,date=no,address=no,email=no,url=no" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_shared/pub/pub.css?1730108805" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/home.css?1730119190" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/classification.css?1730119190" media="all"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/hans-jurgen-syberberg/" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Biographie de HANS-J\u00dcRGEN SYBERBERG (1935- )","headline":"Biographie de HANS-J\u00dcRGEN SYBERBERG (1935- )","description":"Biographie de HANS-J\u00dcRGEN SYBERBERG (1935- ). 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href="/encyclopedie/hans-jurgen-syberberg/"> 1. Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>SYBERBERG </strong><span class="pc">HANS-JÜRGEN </span><span class="rm">(1935- )</span> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content paged type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT040155_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT040155_0"></i><p> Hans-Jürgen Syberberg, né en 1935 à Nossendorf, dans une famille de propriétaires terriens de la Poméranie orientale, est un des cinéastes les plus singuliers de l'Allemagne des années 1970, un des plus admirés – notamment en France –, un des plus contestés aussi – du moins dans son propre pays. Éloges et critiques sont à la hauteur de ses ambitions qui, après quinze années de travail pour le grand écran, se sont tournées vers d'autres supports : vidéo, installations pour expositions et galeries d'art, et, depuis 2000, un site Internet consacré à sa propre vie et au domaine familial jadis collectivisé par la R.D.A.</p><p>H.-J. Syberberg n'avait pas choisi la facilité lorsqu'il a entrepris sa trilogie. En substance, il s'agit d'une vaste fresque mêlant mythes savants et populaires, travestissements de l'art, reflets de la culture de masse, selon une approche qui répudie tout naturalisme. Proche du <em>Gesamtkunstwerk</em> (recherche de l'œuvre d'art totale), cette trilogie aux références wagnériennes inévitables mais entièrement repensées, est consacrée à ceux que Syberberg considère comme les fondateurs de l'Allemagne moderne : Louis II de Bavière, roi baroque dépositaire des mythes anciens et visionnaire de l'humanité massifiée du <span class="pc">xx</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, est le héros de <em>Ludwig, Requiem pour un roi vierge</em> (<em>Ludwig-Requiem für einem jungfraülichen König</em>, 1972). Le metteur en scène s'intéresse ensuite au romancier populaire Karl May, personnage contradictoire, connu par ses épopées viriles, apprécié de Hitler et par ses héros au cœur pur, tel l'Indien Winnetou (<em>Karl May</em>, 1974). Enfin, <em>Hitler, un film d'Allemagne</em> (<em>Hitler, ein Film aus Deutschland</em>, 1977) permet à Syberberg de réunir et de prolonger les thèmes des films précédents en les intégrant dans une réflexion foisonnante sur le nazisme, la fascination qu'il exerça sur le peuple allemand, le rôle de l'image, les rituels et les mises en scène, ou plutôt les liturgies exaltées par le nazisme. Comme l'explique le cinéaste lui-même : « J'ai tenté ce scandale esthétique de combiner la théorie brechtienne du théâtre épique avec l'esthétique musicale de Richard Wagner, de conjoindre dans ce film le système épique, en tant que cinéma antiaristotélicien, et les canons d'un nouveau mythe. » On a donc affaire à trois stades de ce qui renvoie pour Syberberg à l'avènement de la culture de masse, analysés avec tous les moyens d'une distanciation confrontée au kitsch de son objet : prises de vues frontales devant des décors de toiles peintes ou des images déroulées sur un écran, marionnettes, théâtralité affectée des voix et des gestes, couleurs artificielles, décalages musicaux, collage visuel et sonore d'éléments hétérogènes.</p><p>En complément Syberberg a tourné ce qu'on peut considérer comme deux pièces à conviction. <em>Theodor Hierneis ou le Cuisinier du roi</em> (<em>Theodor Hierneis oder : Wie man ein Ehemaliger Hofkoch wird</em>, 1974), adapte habilement les souvenirs d'un ancien marmiton de Louis II, avec un acteur unique posant de manière décalée dans les décors des châteaux du roi. En 1975, il réalise un documentaire sur Winifred Wagner, la belle-fille du compositeur, qui a favorisé dès 1922 le rapprochement de Hitler avec l'héritage de la villa Wahnfried – et qui n'a pas renié ses convictions de l'époque. Simple conversation filmée dépourvue de tout effet, ce film marque le point d'orgue d'une vaste réflexion sur le wagnérisme, la culture allemande, l'art, la politique et les mythes. Syberberg reviendra une dernière fois à Wagner, en 1982, en adaptant <em>Parsifal</em>. Ni opéra filmé, ni adaptation dans un décor « réel » (à la manière du <em>Don Giovanni</em> de Joseph Losey), il s'agit d'une véritable re-création dans des décors dignes de l'imaginaire<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="T040155_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="SAUVAGET, Daniel"><a title="Auteur : Daniel SAUVAGET" rel="author" href="/auteurs/daniel-sauvaget/"><strong>Daniel SAUVAGET</strong></a> : économiste, critique de cinéma </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : SYBERBERG HANS-JÜRGEN (1935- )" href="/carte-mentale/hans-jurgen-syberberg/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT040155_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Arts" href="/classification/arts/"> Arts </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Cinéma" href="/classification/arts/cinema/"> Cinéma </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Cinéastes: metteurs en scène, réalisateurs" href="/classification/arts/cinema/cineastes-metteurs-en-scene-realisateurs/"> Cinéastes: metteurs en scène, réalisateurs </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Cinéastes occidentaux" href="/classification/arts/cinema/cineastes-metteurs-en-scene-realisateurs/cineastes-occidentaux/"> Cinéastes occidentaux </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Cinéastes allemands"> <a title="Classification : Cinéastes allemands" href="/classification/arts/cinema/cineastes-metteurs-en-scene-realisateurs/cineastes-occidentaux/cineastes-allemands/"> Cinéastes allemands </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT040155_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/cinema-allemand/#c82060"> <span class="rg">ALLEMAND </span><span class="pc">CINÉMA</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Pierre GRAS</span> et <span rel="author">Daniel SAUVAGET</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">10 274 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ALLEMAND CIN&Eacute;MA" href="/encyclopedie/cinema-allemand/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Metropolis, Fritz Lang - crédits : Horst von Harbou/ Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek/ AKG-images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/2/0/csm_ph991180_239797940f.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...significatifs des débuts de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de WERNER SCHROETER (1945-2010). Né en Thuringe, à Georgenthal, en 1945, Werner Schroeter est un des rares exemples de cinéaste ayant débuté dans le cinéma expérimental et underground, qui, après avoir bénéficié du soutien de la télévision, put accéder en quelques années au monde du cinéma professionnel, et ce alors que plusieurs de ses amis, dont R. W. Fassbinder et ..." title="Article : WERNER SCHROETER (1945-2010)" href="/encyclopedie/werner-schroeter/">Werner Schroeter</a> et <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de DANIEL SCHMID (1941-2006). Citoyen hélvétique, Daniel Schmid a illustré une des tendances du jeune cinéma allemand avant de se replier sur des thèmes propres à son pays d'origine, dans des œuvres plus intimes ( Hors saison ) ou plus engagées dans les réalités de la Suisse ( Berezina ). Issu d'une famille qui dirigeait depuis plusieurs générations un grand hôtel (aujour..." title="Article : DANIEL SCHMID (1941-2006)" href="/encyclopedie/daniel-schmid/">Daniel Schmid</a>, représentent la tendance baroque du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Dans son imprécision même, l'expression « nouveau cinéma » désigne un phénomène propre aux années 1960-1965, qu'il est difficile d'évaluer globalement. Il s'agit de l'irruption de films venant d'horizons géographiques très différents et n'ayant pour point commun que la jeunesse de leurs auteurs. Ceux-ci se définissaient eux-mêmes, plus ou moins explicitement, comme des « non-cin..." title="Article : NOUVEAU CINÉMA" href="/encyclopedie/nouveau-cinema/">nouveau cinéma</a>, comme – dans un registre différent – <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de HANS-JÜRGEN SYBERBERG (1935- ). Hans-Jürgen Syberberg, né en 1935 à Nossendorf, dans une famille de propriétaires terriens de la Poméranie orientale, est un des cinéastes les plus singuliers de l'Allemagne des années 1970, un des plus admirés – notamment en France –, un des plus contestés aussi – du moins dans son propre pays. Éloges et critiques sont à la hauteu..." title="Article : HANS-JÜRGEN SYBERBERG (1935- )" href="/encyclopedie/hans-jurgen-syberberg/">Hans-Jürgen Syberberg</a>, qui met en scène dans un décor savamment non réaliste les mythes fondateurs, selon lui, de l'Allemagne moderne – notamment Louis... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/parlant-cinema-reperes-chronologiques/"> <span class="rg">PARLANT (CINÉMA)</span><span class="rm"> - (repères chronologiques)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Michel CHION</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 201 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p><strong> 1899</strong> États-Unis. <em>Th</em><em>e Astor Tramp</em>, « picture song » de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de THOMAS EDISON (1847-1931). On prête quelque deux mille brevets à Edison, de formation autodidacte, mais étonnamment fertile en inventions les plus diverses, qui vont du microphone au télégraphe duplex, d'une nouvelle lampe à incandescence au kinétoscope annonçant le cinématographe. Pour l'essentiel, le phonographe lui assurait déjà la célébrité.. Dans son laboratoire de..." title="Article : THOMAS EDISON (1847-1931)" href="/encyclopedie/thomas-edison/">Thomas Edison</a>. Bande filmée destinée à être accompagnée d'une chanson chantée en salle (derrière l'écran) par des artistes invités.</p><p><strong>1900</strong> France. Présentation par Clément Maurice du Phono-Cinéma-Théâtre à l’'Exposition universelle....</p> </div> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2024 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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