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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiquity_and_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity_and_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antiquity and Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity_and_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early Modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Late Modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autonomy_and_late_20th,_21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autonomy_and_late_20th,_21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Autonomy and late 20th, 21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autonomy_and_late_20th,_21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government and administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Self-government_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-government_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Self-government institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-government_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Administrative subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Water supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.4</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Border_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Border_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Border security</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Border_security-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Border security subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Border_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defence_and_Civil_Guard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence_and_Civil_Guard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Defence and Civil Guard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence_and_Civil_Guard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trans-border_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trans-border_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Trans-border relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trans-border_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Securing_the_border" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Securing_the_border"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Securing the border</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Securing_the_border-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispute_with_Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispute_with_Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Dispute with Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispute_with_Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Melilla</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 129 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-129" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">129 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9C%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%AB" title="ሜሊያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሜሊያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مليلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مليلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilya" title="Melilya – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Melilya" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="মেলিলা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মেলিলা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilya" title="Melilya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Melilya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="মেলিইয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেলিইয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Мелілья – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мелілья" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Мэлільля – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэлільля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Мелиля – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мелиля" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla_(rehiyon)" title="Melilla (rehiyon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Melilla (rehiyon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مليلية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مليلية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Μελίγια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μελίγια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilo" title="Melilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Melilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ملیلیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ملیلیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%BC" title="멜리야 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="멜리야" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1" title="Մելիլյա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մելիլյա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="मेलिला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेलिला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Мелилья – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мелилья" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="מלייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მელილია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მელილია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Мелилья – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мелилья" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meliya" title="Meliya – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Meliya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melila" title="Melila – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Melila" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilja" title="Melilja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Melilja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilja" title="Melilja – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Melilja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Мелиља – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мелиља" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मेलिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मेलिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მელილია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მელილია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ميلييا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميلييا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87" title="ملیله – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ملیله" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Мелилья – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мелилья" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A3" title="メリリャ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メリリャ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ملیلیه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ملیلیه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meliya" title="Meliya – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Meliya" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilha" title="Melilha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Melilha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Мелилья – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мелилья" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melila" title="Melila – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Melila" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F" title="මෙලිලා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මෙලිලා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Мелиља – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мелиља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9lilya" title="Mélilya – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mélilya" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="மெலில்லா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெலில்லா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlilt" title="Mlilt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Mlilt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Мелилья – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мелилья" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%82%84%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မႄႇလီႇလႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မႄႇလီႇလႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="เมลียา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมลียา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Мелілья – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мелілья" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ملیلیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملیلیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%88%A9%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="梅利利亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="梅利利亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%88%A9%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="梅利利亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="梅利利亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Melilla" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%88%A9%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="梅利利亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="梅利利亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9lila" title="Mélila – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Mélila" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5831#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Melilla" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Melilla&params=35_18_N_2_57_W_region:ES-ML_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°57′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.300°N 2.950°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.300; -2.950</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Spanish autonomous city on the north-west coast of Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Melilla_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Melilla (disambiguation)">Melilla (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous city in Spain</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Melilla</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Mřič</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain#Autonomous_cities" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:166px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:(Melilla)_Aterrizando_en_Melilla_(16668390111).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%28Melilla%29_Aterrizando_en_Melilla_%2816668390111%29.jpg/268px-%28Melilla%29_Aterrizando_en_Melilla_%2816668390111%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%28Melilla%29_Aterrizando_en_Melilla_%2816668390111%29.jpg/402px-%28Melilla%29_Aterrizando_en_Melilla_%2816668390111%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%28Melilla%29_Aterrizando_en_Melilla_%2816668390111%29.jpg/536px-%28Melilla%29_Aterrizando_en_Melilla_%2816668390111%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1926" data-file-height="1199" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Aerial view</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:84px;max-width:84px"><div style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerta_de_la_Marina,_Melilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Puerta_de_la_Marina%2C_Melilla.jpg/82px-Puerta_de_la_Marina%2C_Melilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Puerta_de_la_Marina%2C_Melilla.jpg/123px-Puerta_de_la_Marina%2C_Melilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Puerta_de_la_Marina%2C_Melilla.jpg/164px-Puerta_de_la_Marina%2C_Melilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Melilla_la_Vieja" title="Melilla la Vieja">Old city</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg/182px-EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg/273px-EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg/364px-EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3144" data-file-height="1883" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernist</a> buildings</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Melilla.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/125px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/188px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/250px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Melilla" title="Flag of Melilla">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg/113px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="1247" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Melilla" title="Coat of arms of Melilla">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Melilla.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Melilla in Spain"><img alt="Location of Melilla in Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Melilla.svg/250px-Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Melilla.svg/375px-Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Melilla.svg/500px-Localizaci%C3%B3n_de_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="522" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Melilla in Spain</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Melilla&params=35_18_N_2_57_W_region:ES-ML_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°57′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.300°N 2.950°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.300; -2.950</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor-President_of_Melilla" title="Mayor-President of Melilla">Mayor-President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Imbroda" title="Juan José Imbroda">Juan José Imbroda</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">12.3 km<sup>2</sup> (4.7 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities" title="Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities">19th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">86,384</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities" title="Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities">18th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">7,000/km<sup>2</sup> (18,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities" title="Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • % of Spain<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.16%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Melillan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€1.756 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€20,698 (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">ES-ML</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Statute of Autonomy</th><td class="infobox-data">14 March 1995</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Melilla" title="Assembly of Melilla">Assembly of Melilla</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 deputy (of 350)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Senate">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2 senators (of 264)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.melilla.es/melillaPortal/index.jsp">www.melilla.es</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Melilla</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">mel-<span style="font-size:90%">EE</span>-yə</i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[meˈliʝa]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f0\/Pronunciation_of_Melilla_in_Spanish.ogg\/Pronunciation_of_Melilla_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pronunciation of Melilla in Spanish.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Pronunciation_of_Melilla_in_Spanish.ogg/Pronunciation_of_Melilla_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_Melilla_in_Spanish.ogg" title="File:Pronunciation of Melilla in Spanish.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Tarifit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarifit language">Tarifit</a>: <i lang="rif-Latn">Mřič</i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain#Autonomous_cities" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> on the <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North African</a> coast. It lies on the eastern side of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Three_Forks" title="Cape Three Forks">Cape Three Forks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="Morocco–Spain border">bordering Morocco</a> and facing the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. It has an area of 12.3 km<sup>2</sup> (4.7 sq mi). It was part of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Province of Málaga">Province of Málaga</a> until 14 March 1995, when the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Melilla" title="Statute of Autonomy of Melilla">Statute of Autonomy of Melilla</a> was passed. </p><p>Melilla is one of the <a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">special territories of the member states of the European Union</a>. Movements to and from the rest of the EU and Melilla are subject to specific rules, provided for <i>inter alia</i> in the Accession Agreement of Spain to the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Schengen Convention">Schengen Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2019, Melilla had a population of 86,487.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population is chiefly divided between people of Iberian and <a href="/wiki/Riffian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Riffian people">Riffian</a> extraction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrinidad2012962_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrinidad2012962-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a small number of <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Hindus" title="Sindhi Hindus">Sindhi Hindus</a>. Melilla features a <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a> between the official Spanish and <a href="/wiki/Tarifit" title="Tarifit">Tarifit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESánchez_Suárez2003190_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESánchez_Suárez2003190-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like the autonomous city of <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and Spain's other territories in Africa, Melilla is subject to an <a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">irredentist claim</a> by Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrinidad2012961–975_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrinidad2012961–975-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Names"></span><span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span><span class="anchor" id="Toponymy"></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rusadir#Name" title="Rusadir">Rusadir § Name</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Borrowing_(linguistics)" title="Borrowing (linguistics)">Borrowed</a> from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> name <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Melilla" class="extiw" title="wikt:Melilla">Melilla</a></i> is pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-lex_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lex-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-mw_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mw-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">meh-</i></a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">mə-<span style="font-size:90%">LEE</span>-yə</i></a>) to approximate the sound of the <a href="/wiki/Elle_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elle (letter)">Spanish double L</a>, properly <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[meˈliʝa]</a></span> in most standard <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish dialects">Spanish dialects</a>. The name is attested from the 9th century,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELara_Peinado199825_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELara_Peinado199825-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> deriving from <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Malīlya</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مَلِيلْيَة</span></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[maˈliːlja]</a></span>) of uncertain etymology. The name has been related to <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">miel</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">mel</i>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μέλι</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">méli</i></span>) since Melilla was a notable site for <a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">beekeeping</a> in antiquity,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELara_Peinado199825_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELara_Peinado199825-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Bee" title="Bee">bee</a> appearing prominently on the city's <a href="/wiki/Bronze_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze coin">bronze coinage</a> under <a href="/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretanian</a> rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911889_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911889-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, it has been taken from words meaning "discord", "fever", or a medieval <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arab</a> figure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELara_Peinado199825_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELara_Peinado199825-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2024)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> The placename perhaps comes from the Amazigh root M·L (meaning 'white'), producing the Amazigh <i>mlilet</i> and which results in the local <span title="Tarifit-language romanization"><i lang="rif-Latn">Mrič</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ber-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Berber" title="Help:IPA/Berber">[mrɪtʃ]</a></span>) via /l/→ [r] and /lt/ → [č] changes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETilmatine201125_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETilmatine201125-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity_and_Middle_Ages">Antiquity and Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Antiquity and Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a></div> <p>Melilla was a <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Punic" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic">Punic</a> trade establishment under variations of the name <b><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a>: <span lang="xpu" dir="rtl">𐤓‬𐤔𐤀𐤃𐤓‬</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">ršʾdr</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911889_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911889-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> taken from the <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_language" title="Phoenician language">Phoenician</a> name of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Cape_Three_Forks" title="Cape Three Forks">Cape Three Forks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELópez_Pardo2015137_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELópez_Pardo2015137-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian Empire">Carthage</a>'s defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a>, the city fell under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">client state</a> <a href="/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a>. After its annexation under <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> organized it as part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Tingitana" title="Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a> mentions it as a <a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">native hillfort</a> and port (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">oppidum et portus</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was made a <a href="/wiki/Roman_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman colony">Roman colony</a> in <span class="nowrap">AD 46</span>, after which it was sometimes referenced as <b>Flavia</b>. Rusaddir was said to have once been the seat of a bishop, but there is no record of any bishop of the purported see<sup id="cite_ref-CE_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is not included in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>'s list of modern <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular sees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The political history is similar to that of towns in the region of the Moroccan <a href="/wiki/Rif" title="Rif">Rif</a> and southern Spain. Melilla was progressively ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Vandal_Kingdom" title="Vandal Kingdom">Vandals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_North_Africa" title="Byzantine North Africa">Byzantines</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigoths</a>. In the early 6th century, it was the main port of the <a href="/wiki/Mauro-Roman_Kingdom" title="Mauro-Roman Kingdom">Mauro-Roman Kingdom</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_conquest_of_North_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic conquest of North Africa">Islamic conquest of North Africa</a>, it fell under the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Córdoba">Cordobans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idrisid" class="mw-redirect" title="Idrisid">Idrisids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almoravid" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravid">Almoravids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almohad" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohad">Almohads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid">Marinids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wattasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Wattasid">Wattasids</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Modern_period">Early Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 15th century, the city declined, like most Mediterranean cities of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Fez" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Fez">Kingdom of Fez</a>, eclipsed by those on the Atlantic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBravo_Nieto199021–22_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBravo_Nieto199021–22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a>' <a href="/wiki/Granada_War" title="Granada War">conquest of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada</a> in 1492, their Secretary <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hernando_de_Zafra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hernando de Zafra (page does not exist)">Hernando de Zafra</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernando_de_Zafra" class="extiw" title="es:Hernando de Zafra">es</a>]</span> gathered intelligence about the sorry state of the North African coast with territorial expansion in mind.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBravo_Nieto199025_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBravo_Nieto199025-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He sent agents to investigate, and subsequently reported to the Catholic Monarchs that, as of 1494, locals had expelled the authority of the Sultan of Fez and had offered to pledge loyalty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto201583_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto201583-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the 1494 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a> put Melilla and <a href="/wiki/Cazaza" title="Cazaza">Cazaza</a>, until then reserved to the Portuguese, under the sphere of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a>, the conquest of the city had to wait, delayed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">the French</a> occupation of Naples.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto201583–84_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto201583–84-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plano_de_la_Plaza_de_Melilla_como_est%C3%A1_en_principio_de_febrero_de_1699.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Plano_de_la_Plaza_de_Melilla_como_est%C3%A1_en_principio_de_febrero_de_1699.jpg/220px-Plano_de_la_Plaza_de_Melilla_como_est%C3%A1_en_principio_de_febrero_de_1699.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Plano_de_la_Plaza_de_Melilla_como_est%C3%A1_en_principio_de_febrero_de_1699.jpg/330px-Plano_de_la_Plaza_de_Melilla_como_est%C3%A1_en_principio_de_febrero_de_1699.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Plano_de_la_Plaza_de_Melilla_como_est%C3%A1_en_principio_de_febrero_de_1699.jpg/440px-Plano_de_la_Plaza_de_Melilla_como_est%C3%A1_en_principio_de_febrero_de_1699.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Melilla fortress by the late 17th-century.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Medina_Sidonia" title="Duke of Medina Sidonia">Duke of Medina Sidonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Alfonso_P%C3%A9rez_de_Guzm%C3%A1n,_3rd_Duke_of_Medina_Sidonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia">Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán</a>, advocated seizing Melilla, to be headed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_de_Estopi%C3%B1%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro de Estopiñán (page does not exist)">Pedro de Estopiñán</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_de_Estopi%C3%B1%C3%A1n_y_Viru%C3%A9s" class="extiw" title="es:Pedro de Estopiñán y Virués">es</a>]</span>, and the Catholic Monarchs, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II of Aragon</a>, endorsed the initiative and provided the assistance of artillery officer <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_Madrid" title="Francisco Ramírez de Madrid">Francisco Ramírez de Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBravo_Nieto199026_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBravo_Nieto199026-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melilla was occupied on 17 September 1497, virtually without violence as it was on the border between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tlemcen" title="Kingdom of Tlemcen">Kingdom of Tlemcen</a> and the Kingdom of Fez, and as a result had been fought over many times and left abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No large-scale expansion into the Kingdom of Fez ensued, and, barring the enterprises of the <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Cisneros" title="Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros">Cardinal Cisneros</a> along the Algerian coast in <a href="/wiki/Mers_El_K%C3%A9bir" title="Mers El Kébir">Mers El Kébir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" class="mw-redirect" title="Vélez de la Gomera">rock of Badis</a> in the territorial scope of the Kingdom of Fez, the Hispanic monarchy's imperial impetus was eventually directed elsewhere, to the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a> against France, and, especially after 1519,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBravo_Nieto199017,_28_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBravo_Nieto199017,_28-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the newly discovered continent across the Atlantic. </p><p>Melilla was initially jointly administered by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Medina_Sidonia" title="House of Medina Sidonia">House of Medina Sidonia</a> and the Crown,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto2015127_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto2015127-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a 1498 settlement required the former to station a 700-man garrison in Melilla and the latter to provide the city with a number of <a href="/wiki/Maraved%C3%AD" title="Maravedí">maravedíes</a> and wheat <i><a href="/wiki/Fanega" title="Fanega">fanegas</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto2015125_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto2015125-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crown's interest in Melilla decreased during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto2015131_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto2015131-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 16th century, soldiers stationed in Melilla were badly remunerated, leading to many desertions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto2015127–128_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto2015127–128-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Duke of Medina Sidonia relinquished responsibility over the garrison of the place on 7 June 1556.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolo19868_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolo19868-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the late 17th century, <a href="/wiki/Alaouite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaouite">Alaouite</a> sultan <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Ibn_Sharif" title="Ismail Ibn Sharif">Ismail Ibn Sharif</a> attempted to conquer the <i><a href="/wiki/Presidio" title="Presidio">presidio</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto2015175_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto2015175-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> taking the outer fortifications in the 1680s and further unsuccessfully besieging Melilla in the 1690s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto2015175–176,_179_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoureiro_Soto2015175–176,_179-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One Spanish officer reflected, "an hour in Melilla, from the point of view of merit, was worth more than thirty years of service to Spain."<sup id="cite_ref-Rezette41_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rezette41-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Modern_period">Late Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Late Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current limits of the Spanish territory around the Melilla fortress were fixed by treaties with Morocco in 1859, <a href="/wiki/Spanish-Moroccan_War_(1859)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish-Moroccan War (1859)">1860</a>, 1861, and 1894. In the late 19th century, as Spanish influence expanded in this area, the Crown authorized Melilla as the only centre of trade on the <a href="/wiki/Rif" title="Rif">Rif</a> coast between <a href="/wiki/Tetuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetuan">Tetuan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algerian</a> border. The value of trade increased, with goat skins, eggs and <a href="/wiki/Beeswax" title="Beeswax">beeswax</a> the principal exports, and cotton goods, tea, sugar and candles the chief imports. </p><p>Melilla's civil population in 1860 still amounted to only 375 estimated inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas198523_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas198523-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1866 Hispano-Moroccan arrangement signed in <a href="/wiki/Fes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fes">Fes</a>, both parties agreed to allow for the installment of a customs office near the border with Melilla, to be operated by Moroccan officials.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemacha_Tejada1994218_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemacha_Tejada1994218-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Treaty of Peace with Morocco that followed the 1859–60 War entailed the acquisition of a new perimeter for Melilla, bringing its area to that where the 12 km<sup>2</sup> the autonomous city currently stands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas199399–100_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas199399–100-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the declaration of Melilla as a <a href="/wiki/Free_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Free port">free port</a> in 1863, the population began to increase, chiefly with Sephardi Jews fleeing from <a href="/wiki/Tetouan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetouan">Tetouan</a> who fostered trade in and out of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993100_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993100-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Jews from Tetouan probably arrived in 1864,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDíaz_Rodríguez201167_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDíaz_Rodríguez201167-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first rabbi arrived in 1867 and began to operate the first synagogue, located in the Calle de San Miguel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDíaz_Rodríguez201168_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDíaz_Rodríguez201168-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Jews arrived fleeing from persecution in Morocco instigated by <a href="/wiki/Bou_Hmara" title="Bou Hmara">Roghi Bu Hamara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernández_García2015108_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernández_García2015108-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the 1868 lifting of the veto of emigration to Melilla from Peninsular Spain, the population further increased with Spaniards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELópez_GuzmánGonzález_FernándezHerrera_TorresLorenzo_Quiles200711_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELópez_GuzmánGonzález_FernándezHerrera_TorresLorenzo_Quiles200711-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jewish population, who also progressively acquired Spanish citizenship, increased to 572 in 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDíaz_Rodríguez201167–68_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDíaz_Rodríguez201167–68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economic opportunities created in Melilla henceforth favoured the installment of a Berber population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELópez_GuzmánGonzález_FernándezHerrera_TorresLorenzo_Quiles200711_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELópez_GuzmánGonzález_FernándezHerrera_TorresLorenzo_Quiles200711-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 366px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 364px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1893-10-30,_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana,_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo,_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/1893-10-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo%2C_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_%28cropped%29.jpg/546px-1893-10-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo%2C_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="364" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/1893-10-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo%2C_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_%28cropped%29.jpg/819px-1893-10-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo%2C_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/1893-10-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo%2C_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_%28cropped%29.jpg/1092px-1893-10-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo%2C_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11658" data-file-height="3845" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 366px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 364px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1893-10-30,_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana,_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo,_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/1893-10-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo%2C_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/546px-1893-10-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo%2C_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="364" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/1893-10-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo%2C_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/819px-1893-10-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo%2C_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/1893-10-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo%2C_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/1091px-1893-10-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Vista_general_de_la_plaza_de_Melilla_y_de_su_campo%2C_Venancio_%C3%81lvarez_Cabrera_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11517" data-file-height="3801" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <p>The first body of local government was the <i>junta de arbitrios</i> created in 1879,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas198524_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas198524-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the military enjoy preponderance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorala_Martínez1985107–108_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorala_Martínez1985107–108-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Polígono excepcional de Tiro, the first neighborhood outside the walled core (<a href="/wiki/Melilla_la_Vieja" title="Melilla la Vieja">Melilla la Vieja</a>), began construction in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECantón_FernándezRiaño_López198418_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECantón_FernándezRiaño_López198418-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1909-09-15,_Actualidades,_En_el_barrio_jud%C3%ADo_de_Melilla,_Tipo_de_mujer_jud%C3%ADa_en_el_interior_de_su_domicilio,_Alba_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/1909-09-15%2C_Actualidades%2C_En_el_barrio_jud%C3%ADo_de_Melilla%2C_Tipo_de_mujer_jud%C3%ADa_en_el_interior_de_su_domicilio%2C_Alba_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-1909-09-15%2C_Actualidades%2C_En_el_barrio_jud%C3%ADo_de_Melilla%2C_Tipo_de_mujer_jud%C3%ADa_en_el_interior_de_su_domicilio%2C_Alba_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/1909-09-15%2C_Actualidades%2C_En_el_barrio_jud%C3%ADo_de_Melilla%2C_Tipo_de_mujer_jud%C3%ADa_en_el_interior_de_su_domicilio%2C_Alba_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-1909-09-15%2C_Actualidades%2C_En_el_barrio_jud%C3%ADo_de_Melilla%2C_Tipo_de_mujer_jud%C3%ADa_en_el_interior_de_su_domicilio%2C_Alba_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/1909-09-15%2C_Actualidades%2C_En_el_barrio_jud%C3%ADo_de_Melilla%2C_Tipo_de_mujer_jud%C3%ADa_en_el_interior_de_su_domicilio%2C_Alba_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-1909-09-15%2C_Actualidades%2C_En_el_barrio_jud%C3%ADo_de_Melilla%2C_Tipo_de_mujer_jud%C3%ADa_en_el_interior_de_su_domicilio%2C_Alba_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="2229" /></a><figcaption>Jewish woman in the Jewish quarter (1909)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1893, Riffian tribesmen launched the <a href="/wiki/First_Melillan_campaign" title="First Melillan campaign">First Melillan campaign</a> to try to conquer the city; the Spanish government sent 25,000 soldiers to defend it against them. The conflict was also known as the <i>Margallo War</i>, after Spanish General <a href="/wiki/Juan_Garc%C3%ADa_y_Margallo" title="Juan García y Margallo">Juan García y Margallo</a>, Governor of Melilla, who was killed in the battle. The new 1894 agreement with Morocco that followed the conflict increased trade with the <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a>, bringing the economic prosperity of the city to a new level.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993102_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993102-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total population of Melilla amounted to 10,004 inhabitants in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerpén_Rueda1987289_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerpén_Rueda1987289-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_Melul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Casa_Melul.jpg/220px-Casa_Melul.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Casa_Melul.jpg/330px-Casa_Melul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Casa_Melul.jpg/440px-Casa_Melul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Art Nouveau buildings in the Plaza de España (c. 1917)</figcaption></figure> <p>The turn of the new century saw attempts by France (based in <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a>) to profit from their newly acquired <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">sphere of influence</a> in Morocco to counter Melilla's trading prowess by fostering trade links with the Algerian cities of <a href="/wiki/Ghazaouet" title="Ghazaouet">Ghazaouet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993107_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993107-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melilla began to suffer from this, to which the instability brought by revolts against <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_of_Morocco" title="Abdelaziz of Morocco">Muley Abdel Aziz</a> in the hinterland also added,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993106–108_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993106–108-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although after 1905 Sultan pretender El Rogui (<a href="/wiki/Bou_Hmara" title="Bou Hmara">Bou Hmara</a>) carried out a defusing policy in the area that favoured Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993113–114_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993113–114-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French occupation of <a href="/wiki/Oujda" title="Oujda">Oujda</a> in 1907 compromised the Melillan trade with that city,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993110–115_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993110–115-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the enduring instability in the Rif still threatened Melilla.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993120_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993120-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1909 and 1945, the <i>modernista</i> (<a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a>) style was prevalent in local architecture, making Melilla's streets a "true museum of <i>modernista</i>-style architecture", second only to Barcelona, mainly stemming from the work of architect <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Nieto_(architect)" title="Enrique Nieto (architect)">Enrique Nieto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECantón_FernándezRiaño_López198416,_19_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECantón_FernándezRiaño_López198416,_19-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mining companies began to enter the hinterland of Melilla by 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993121_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaro_Gandarillas1993121-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Spanish company, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_Minas_del_Rif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compañía Española de las Minas del Rif (page does not exist)">Compañía Española de las Minas del Rif</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_Minas_del_Rif" class="extiw" title="es:Compañía Española de las Minas del Rif">es</a>]</span>, was constituted in July 1908, shared by Clemente Fernández, Enrique Macpherson, the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Romanones" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Romanones">Count of Romanones</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Figueroa_y_Torres" title="Rodrigo Figueroa y Torres">Duke of Tovar</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Antonio_G%C3%BCell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Antonio Güell (page does not exist)">Juan Antonio Güell</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Antonio_G%C3%BCell_y_L%C3%B3pez" class="extiw" title="es:Juan Antonio Güell y López">es</a>]</span>, who appointed <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Villanueva_y_G%C3%B3mez" title="Miguel Villanueva y Gómez">Miguel Villanueva</a> as chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEscudero2014331_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEscudero2014331-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus two mining companies under the protection of Bou Hmara started mining lead and iron 20 kilometers (12.4 miles) from Melilla. They started to construct a railway between the port and the mines. In October of that year, Bou Hmara's vassals revolted against him and raided the mines, which remained closed until June 1909. By July the workmen were again attacked and several were killed. Severe fighting between the Spaniards and the tribesmen followed, in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Melillan_campaign" title="Second Melillan campaign">Second Melillan campaign</a> that took place in the vicinity of Melilla. </p><p>In 1910, the Spaniards restarted the mines and undertook harbor works at Mar Chica, but hostilities broke out again in 1911. On 22 July 1921, the Berbers under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ibn_%27Abd_al-Karim_al-Khattabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi">Abd el Krim</a> inflicted a grave defeat on the Spanish at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Annual" title="Battle of Annual">Battle of Annual</a>. The Spanish retreated to Melilla, leaving most of the protectorate under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Rif" title="Republic of the Rif">Republic of the Rif</a>. </p><p>A royal decree pursuing the creation of an <i><a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_(Spain)" title="Ayuntamiento (Spain)">ayuntamiento</a></i> in Melilla was signed on 13 December 1918 but the regulation did not come into force, and thus the existing government body, the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">junta de arbitrios</i></span>, remained in force.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorala_Martínez1985107–108_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorala_Martínez1985107–108-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centro_de_Melilla,_Parque_Hern%C3%A1ndez,_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a,_Barrio_H%C3%A9roes_de_Espa%C3%B1a_y_Mantelete.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Centro_de_Melilla%2C_Parque_Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_Barrio_H%C3%A9roes_de_Espa%C3%B1a_y_Mantelete.jpg/220px-Centro_de_Melilla%2C_Parque_Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_Barrio_H%C3%A9roes_de_Espa%C3%B1a_y_Mantelete.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Centro_de_Melilla%2C_Parque_Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_Barrio_H%C3%A9roes_de_Espa%C3%B1a_y_Mantelete.jpg/330px-Centro_de_Melilla%2C_Parque_Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_Barrio_H%C3%A9roes_de_Espa%C3%B1a_y_Mantelete.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Centro_de_Melilla%2C_Parque_Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_Barrio_H%C3%A9roes_de_Espa%C3%B1a_y_Mantelete.jpg/440px-Centro_de_Melilla%2C_Parque_Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_Barrio_H%C3%A9roes_de_Espa%C3%B1a_y_Mantelete.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="883" /></a><figcaption>City centre in 1926</figcaption></figure> <p>A "junta municipal" with a rather civil composition was created in 1927; on 10 April 1930, an <i>ayuntamiento</i> featuring the same membership as the junta was created,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorala_Martínez1985120_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorala_Martínez1985120-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equalling to the same municipal regime as the rest of Spain on 14 April 1931, with the arrival of the first democratically elected municipal corporation on the wake of the proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernández_Díaz200925,_27_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernández_Díaz200925,_27-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city was used as one of the staging grounds for <a href="/wiki/July_1936_military_uprising_in_Melilla" title="July 1936 military uprising in Melilla">the July 1936 military coup d'état</a> that started the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. </p><p>In the context of the passing of the Ley de Extranjería in 1986, and following social mobilization from the Berber community, conditions for citizenship acquisition were flexibilised and allowed for the naturalisation of a substantial number of inhabitants, until then born in Melilla but without Spanish citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernández_García2015110_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernández_García2015110-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autonomy_and_late_20th,_21st_century"><span id="Autonomy_and_late_20th.2C_21st_century"></span>Autonomy and late 20th, 21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Autonomy and late 20th, 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estatua_de_Franco_en_Melilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Estatua_de_Franco_en_Melilla.jpg/220px-Estatua_de_Franco_en_Melilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Estatua_de_Franco_en_Melilla.jpg/330px-Estatua_de_Franco_en_Melilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Estatua_de_Franco_en_Melilla.jpg/440px-Estatua_de_Franco_en_Melilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Francisco_Franco,_Melilla" title="Statue of Francisco Franco, Melilla">Statue of Francisco Franco</a> in Melilla, removed in 2021.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1995, Melilla —until then just another municipality of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Province of Málaga">Málaga</a>— became an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous city</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBascón_JiménezCazallo_AntúnezLechuga_CardozoMeñaca_Guerrero201647_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBascón_JiménezCazallo_AntúnezLechuga_CardozoMeñaca_Guerrero201647-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as their <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Melilla" title="Statute of Autonomy of Melilla">Statute of Autonomy</a> was passed. </p><p>On 6 November 2007, King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos</a> and Queen <a href="/wiki/Queen_Sofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Sofia">Sofia</a> visited Melilla, with several display of affection from the population. The visit also sparked protests from the Moroccan government.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first time a Spanish monarch had visited Melilla in 80 years. </p><p>Melilla, together with Ceuta, declared the Muslim holiday of <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a> —Feast of the Sacrifice— an official public holiday from 2010 onward. It is the first time a non-Christian religious festival has been officially celebrated in Spain since the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Morocco decided to close the customs office near Melilla, the first time since mid-19th century, without any consultation wtith Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The customs office was expected to reopen in January 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Melilla was the location of the last public statue in Spain to commemorate former dictator <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> following Spain's <a href="/wiki/Historical_Memory_Law" title="Historical Memory Law">Historical Memory Law</a>, passed in 2007, which included provision to the removal of any artefacts which celebrated the Franco regime from all public buildings and spaces. Nonetheless, the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Francisco_Franco,_Melilla" title="Statue of Francisco Franco, Melilla">statue</a> remained on the Cuesta de la Florentina street until its final removal in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melilla2022OSM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Melilla2022OSM.png/220px-Melilla2022OSM.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Melilla2022OSM.png/330px-Melilla2022OSM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Melilla2022OSM.png/440px-Melilla2022OSM.png 2x" data-file-width="3349" data-file-height="3535" /></a><figcaption>Detailed map of Melilla.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Conventico_Caves" title="Conventico Caves">Conventico Caves</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Cabo_Tres_Forcas)_ISS-36_Strait_of_Gibraltar_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%28Cabo_Tres_Forcas%29_ISS-36_Strait_of_Gibraltar_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-%28Cabo_Tres_Forcas%29_ISS-36_Strait_of_Gibraltar_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%28Cabo_Tres_Forcas%29_ISS-36_Strait_of_Gibraltar_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-%28Cabo_Tres_Forcas%29_ISS-36_Strait_of_Gibraltar_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%28Cabo_Tres_Forcas%29_ISS-36_Strait_of_Gibraltar_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-%28Cabo_Tres_Forcas%29_ISS-36_Strait_of_Gibraltar_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Detail of a satellite photograph of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Three_Forks" title="Cape Three Forks">Cape Three Forks</a> (centred on Melilla) taken during the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Expedition_36" title="Expedition 36">ISS-36 expedition</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Melilla is in northwest Africa, on the shores of the <a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a>, a marginal sea of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>, the latter's westernmost portion. The city is arranged in a wide semicircle around the beach and the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Melilla" title="Port of Melilla">Port of Melilla</a>, on the eastern side of the peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Tres_Forcas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Tres Forcas">Cape Tres Forcas</a>, at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gurug%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Gurugú">Mount Gurugú</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Gurug%C3%BA_(Marruecos)" class="extiw" title="es:Monte Gurugú (Marruecos)">es</a>]</span> and around the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_Oro_(Melilla)" title="Río de Oro (Melilla)">Río de Oro</a> intermittent water stream, 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) above sea level. The urban nucleus was originally a <a href="/wiki/Presidio" title="Presidio">fortress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melilla_la_Vieja" title="Melilla la Vieja">Melilla la Vieja</a>, built on a peninsular mound about 30 meters (98 ft) in height. </p><p>The Moroccan settlement of <a href="/wiki/Beni_Ansar" title="Beni Ansar">Beni Ansar</a> lies immediately south of Melilla. The nearest Moroccan city is <a href="/wiki/Nador" title="Nador">Nador</a>, and the ports of Melilla and <a href="/wiki/Nador_Port" title="Nador Port">Nador</a> are within the same bay; nearby is the Bou Areg Lagoon.<sup id="cite_ref-wps_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wps-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Melilla has a warm <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> on the border with a hot <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">Semi-arid climate</a>, influenced by its proximity to the sea, rendering much cooler summers and more precipitation than inland areas deeper into Africa. The climate, in general, is similar to the southern coast of peninsular Spain and the northern coast of Morocco, with relatively small temperature differences between seasons. Minimum temperatures have never been below 0 °C (32 °F) during 1991-2020 period, and only 2.2 days per year have maximum temperature above 35 °C (95 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-NCEI_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCEI-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Melilla, altitude: 52 m (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.3<br />(2.18) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.2<br />(1.90) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.6<br />(1.72) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(1.48) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(0.60) </td> <td style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(0.28) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(0.02) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(0.15) </td> <td style="background: #E1FFE1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(0.74) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.6<br />(1.68) </td> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.3<br />(2.10) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.2<br />(1.90) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">374.5<br />(14.75) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">188.9 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.8 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.3 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226.2 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">269.9 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">295.7 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">304.2 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">278.6 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.1 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.4 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">183 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,734.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NCEI" class="mw-redirect" title="NCEI">NCEI</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NCEI_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCEI-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Météo Climat<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimat <sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Melilla 47 m (1981–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #E1FFE1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(0.3) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #E6FFE6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">391<br />(15.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">258 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">279 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">289 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">268 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">194 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,607 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología<sup id="cite_ref-Agencia_Estatal_de_Meteorología_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agencia_Estatal_de_Meteorología-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_administration">Government and administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Government and administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-government_institutions">Self-government institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Self-government institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayor-Presidents_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mayor-Presidents of Melilla">List of Mayor-Presidents of Melilla</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayuntamiento_de_Melilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ayuntamiento_de_Melilla.jpg/220px-Ayuntamiento_de_Melilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ayuntamiento_de_Melilla.jpg/330px-Ayuntamiento_de_Melilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ayuntamiento_de_Melilla.jpg/440px-Ayuntamiento_de_Melilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Palace of the Assembly of Melilla</figcaption></figure> <p>The government bodies stipulated in the Statute of Autonomy are the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Melilla" title="Assembly of Melilla">Assembly of Melilla</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Melilla">President of Melilla</a> and the Council of Government. The assembly is a 25-member body whose members are elected through universal suffrage every 4 years in <a href="/wiki/Closed_list" title="Closed list">closed party lists</a> following the schedule of local elections at the national level. Its members are called "local <a href="/wiki/Deputy_(legislator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy (legislator)">deputies</a>" but they rather enjoy the status of <i><a href="/wiki/Local_councillor" class="mw-redirect" title="Local councillor">concejales</a></i> (municipal councillors).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMárquez_Cruz200310–11_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMárquez_Cruz200310–11-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_regional_legislatures" title="List of Spanish regional legislatures">regional legislatures</a> (and akin to municipal councils), the assembly does not enjoy <a href="/wiki/Right_of_initiative_(legislative)" title="Right of initiative (legislative)">right of initiative</a> for primary legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMárquez_Cruz200311_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMárquez_Cruz200311-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The president of Melilla (who, often addressed as Mayor-President, also exerts the roles of Mayor, president of the Assembly, president of the Council of Government and representative of the city)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMárquez_Cruz200312_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMárquez_Cruz200312-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is invested by the Assembly. After local elections, the president is invested through a <a href="/wiki/Qualified_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Qualified majority">qualified majority</a> from among the leaders of the election lists, or, failing to achieve the former, the leader of the most voted list at the election is invested to the office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMárquez_Cruz200314_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMárquez_Cruz200314-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In case of a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> the president can only be ousted with a qualified majority voting for an alternative assembly member.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMárquez_Cruz200314_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMárquez_Cruz200314-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Council of Government is the traditional collegiate executive body for <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary systems</a>. Unlike the municipal government boards in the standard <a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_(Spain)" title="Ayuntamiento (Spain)"><i>ayuntamientos</i></a>, the members of the Council of Government (including the vice-presidents) do not need to be members of the assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMárquez_Cruz200312–13_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMárquez_Cruz200312–13-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Melilla is the city in Spain with the highest proportion of <a href="/wiki/Postal_voting" title="Postal voting">postal voting</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-bautista_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bautista-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud#Vote_buying" title="Electoral fraud">vote buying</a> (via mail-in ballots) is widely reported to be a common practice in the poor neighborhoods of Melilla.<sup id="cite_ref-bautista_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bautista-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Court cases in this matter had involved the PP, the CPM and the PSOE.<sup id="cite_ref-bautista_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bautista-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 June 2019, following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Melilla_Assembly_election" title="2019 Melilla Assembly election">May 2019 Melilla Assembly election</a>, the regionalist and left-leaning party of Muslim and Amazigh persuasion <a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Melilla" title="Coalition for Melilla">Coalition for Melilla</a> (CPM, 8 seats), the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> (PSOE, 4 seats) and <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">Citizens–Party of the Citizenry</a> (Cs, 1 seat) voted in favour of the Cs' candidate (<a href="/wiki/Eduardo_de_Castro" title="Eduardo de Castro">Eduardo de Castro</a>) as the Presidency of the Autonomous City,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ousting <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Imbroda" title="Juan José Imbroda">Juan José Imbroda</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a> (PP, 10 seats), who had been in office since 2000. </p><p>Melilla also maintains a local police force known as Policia Local de Melilla (Ciudad Autonoma de Melilla - Policia Local). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_subdivisions">Administrative subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Administrative subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Melilla is subdivided into eight districts (<i>distritos</i>), which are further subdivided into neighbourhoods (<i><a href="/wiki/Barrio" title="Barrio">barrios</a></i>): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>1st <ul><li>Barrio de Medina Sidonia.</li> <li>Barrio del General Larrea.</li> <li>Barrio de Ataque Seco.</li></ul></li> <li>2nd <ul><li>Barrio Héroes de España.</li> <li>Barrio del General Gómez Jordana.</li> <li>Barrio Príncipe de Asturias.</li></ul></li> <li>3rd <ul><li>Barrio del Carmen.</li></ul></li> <li>4th <ul><li>Barrio Polígono Residencial La Paz.</li> <li>Barrio Hebreo-Tiro Nacional.</li></ul></li> <li>5th <ul><li>Barrio de Cristóbal Colón.</li> <li>Barrio de Cabrerizas.</li> <li>Barrio de Batería Jota.</li> <li>Barrio de Hernán Cortes y Las Palmeras.</li> <li>Barrio de Reina Regente.</li></ul></li> <li>6th <ul><li>Barrio de Concepción Arenal.</li> <li>Barrio Isaac Peral (Tesorillo).</li></ul></li> <li>7th <ul><li>Barrio del General Real.</li> <li>Polígono Industrial SEPES.</li> <li>Polígono Industrial Las Margaritas.</li> <li>Parque Empresarial La Frontera.</li></ul></li> <li>8th <ul><li>Barrio de la Libertad.</li> <li>Barrio del Hipódromo.</li> <li>Barrio de Alfonso XIII.</li> <li>Barrio Industrial.</li> <li>Barrio Virgen de la Victoria.</li> <li>Barrio de la Constitución.</li> <li>Barrio de los Pinares.</li> <li>Barrio de la Cañada de Hidum</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of the autonomous community was 1.6 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 0.1% of Spanish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 19,900 euros or 66% of the EU27 average in the same year. Melilla was the <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">NUTS2</a> region with the lowest GDP per capita in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Melilla does not participate in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">European Union Customs Union</a> (EUCU).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200664_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200664-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no <a href="/wiki/VAT" class="mw-redirect" title="VAT">VAT</a> (IVA) tax, but a local reduced-rate tax called IPSI.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200667_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200667-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preserving the status of <a href="/wiki/Free_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Free port">free port</a>, imports are free of tariffs and the only tax concerning them is the IPSI.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200667–68_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200667–68-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exports to the Customs Union (including Peninsular Spain) are however subject to the correspondent customs tariff and are taxed with the correspondent VAT.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200667–68_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200667–68-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are some special manufacturing taxes regarding electricity and transport, as well as complementary charges on tobacco and oil and fuel products.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200668_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200668-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:778px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melilla_noche,_vista_general.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Night view of Melilla (centre) and Beni Ensar in Morocco (right)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Melilla_noche%2C_vista_general.jpg/770px-Melilla_noche%2C_vista_general.jpg" decoding="async" width="770" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Melilla_noche%2C_vista_general.jpg/1155px-Melilla_noche%2C_vista_general.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Melilla_noche%2C_vista_general.jpg/1540px-Melilla_noche%2C_vista_general.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1336" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Melilla_noche,_vista_general.jpg" title="File:Melilla noche, vista general.jpg"> </a></div>Night view of Melilla (centre) and <a href="/wiki/Beni_Ansar" title="Beni Ansar">Beni Ensar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> (right)</div></div></div> <p>The principal industry is fishing. Cross-border commerce (legal or smuggled) and Spanish and European grants and wages are the other income sources. </p><p>Melilla is regularly connected to the Iberian peninsula by air and sea traffic and is also economically connected to Morocco: most of its fruit and vegetables are imported across the border. Moroccans in the city's hinterland are attracted to it: 36,000 Moroccans cross the border daily to work, shop or trade goods.<sup id="cite_ref-vk1_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vk1-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The port of Melilla offers several daily connections to <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>. <a href="/wiki/Melilla_Airport" title="Melilla Airport">Melilla Airport</a> offers daily flights to Almería, Málaga and <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>. Spanish operators <a href="/wiki/Air_Europa" title="Air Europa">Air Europa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iberia_(airline)" title="Iberia (airline)">Iberia</a> operate in Melilla's airport. </p><p>Many people travelling between Europe and Morocco use the ferry links to Melilla, both for passengers and for freight. Because of this, the port and related companies form an important economic driver for the city.<sup id="cite_ref-vk1_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vk1-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to boost growth and as a measure to promote tourism in the Autonomous City of Melilla, the Tourist Board has developed a Regulatory Decree for bonuses for Tourist Packages to Melilla. </p><p>The Tourist package consists of the application of discounts on return tickets by plane or boat provided that they include accommodation during the stay in Melilla in one of the types of tourist accommodation or at the home of a resident of the city and do not exceed, between the round trip dates, ten days.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Water_supply">Water supply</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Water supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Planta_desaladora_de_Melilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Planta_desaladora_de_Melilla.jpg/220px-Planta_desaladora_de_Melilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Planta_desaladora_de_Melilla.jpg/330px-Planta_desaladora_de_Melilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Planta_desaladora_de_Melilla.jpg/440px-Planta_desaladora_de_Melilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption>View of the Melilla's desalination plant</figcaption></figure> <p>Melilla's water supply primarily came from a network of dug wells (which by the turn of the 21st century suffered from overexploitation and had also experienced a degradation of the water quality and the intrusion of <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">seawater</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the capture of the Río de Oro's underflow.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeking to address the water supply problem, works for the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Desalination_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Desalination plant">desalination plant</a> in the Aguadú cliffs, projected to produce 22,000 m<sup>3</sup> (29,000 cu yd) a day, started in November 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant entered operation in March 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its daily operation is partially funded by the central government.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relative to the Spanish average (and similarly to the Canary and Balearic Islands), the city's population spends a comparatively larger amount of money on <a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">bottled water</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Funded by the <a href="/wiki/European_Regional_Development_Fund" title="European Regional Development Fund">European Regional Development Fund</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederaci%C3%B3n_Hidrogr%C3%A1fica_del_Guadalquivir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadalquivir (page does not exist)">Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadalquivir</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Hidrogr%C3%A1fica_del_Guadalquivir" class="extiw" title="es:Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadalquivir">es</a>]</span>, works for the expansion of the plant's production capabilities up to 30,000 m<sup>3</sup> (39,000 cu yd) a day started by September 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dome of the Chapel of Santiago, built in the mid-16th century by Miguel de Perea with help from Sancho de Escalante, is a rare instance of <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic architecture</a> in the African continent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBravo_Nieto200237_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBravo_Nieto200237-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parallel to the urban development of Melilla in the early 20th century, the new architectural style of <i><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">modernismo</a></i> (irradiated from <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> and associated to the bourgeois class) was imported to the city, granting it a <i>modernista</i> architectural character, primarily through the works of the prolific Catalan architect <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Nieto_(architect)" title="Enrique Nieto (architect)">Enrique Nieto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECantón_FernándezRiaño_López198415–19_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECantón_FernándezRiaño_López198415–19-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accordingly, Melilla has the second most important concentration of <i>Modernista</i> works in Spain after Barcelona, Mainly concentrated in the city's <a href="/wiki/New_Melilla" title="New Melilla">ensanche</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECantón_FernándezRiaño_López198415–19_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECantón_FernándezRiaño_López198415–19-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nieto was in charge of designing the main Synagogue, the Central Mosque and various Catholic Churches.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capilla_de_Santiago3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dome of the Chapel of Santiago [es]"><img alt="Dome of the Chapel of Santiago [es]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Capilla_de_Santiago3.jpg/120px-Capilla_de_Santiago3.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Capilla_de_Santiago3.jpg/180px-Capilla_de_Santiago3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Capilla_de_Santiago3.jpg/240px-Capilla_de_Santiago3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dome of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapel_of_Santiago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chapel of Santiago (page does not exist)">Chapel of Santiago</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capilla_de_Santiago" class="extiw" title="es:Capilla de Santiago">es</a>]</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modernista building, former headquarters of El Telegrama del Rif newspaper."><img alt="Modernista building, former headquarters of El Telegrama del Rif newspaper." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg/301px-EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg/451px-EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg/601px-EDIFICIO_DEL_ANTIG%C3%9CA_REDACCI%C3%93N_EL_TELEGRAMA_DEL_RIF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3144" data-file-height="1883" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Modernista</i> building, former headquarters of <i>El Telegrama del Rif</i> newspaper.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinagoga_Orr_Zoruah,_Ruta_de_los_Templos_(6)_(5446069722).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Local synagogue"><img alt="Local synagogue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sinagoga_Orr_Zoruah%2C_Ruta_de_los_Templos_%286%29_%285446069722%29.jpg/240px-Sinagoga_Orr_Zoruah%2C_Ruta_de_los_Templos_%286%29_%285446069722%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sinagoga_Orr_Zoruah%2C_Ruta_de_los_Templos_%286%29_%285446069722%29.jpg/360px-Sinagoga_Orr_Zoruah%2C_Ruta_de_los_Templos_%286%29_%285446069722%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sinagoga_Orr_Zoruah%2C_Ruta_de_los_Templos_%286%29_%285446069722%29.jpg/480px-Sinagoga_Orr_Zoruah%2C_Ruta_de_los_Templos_%286%29_%285446069722%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3621" data-file-height="2716" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Local synagogue</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mezquita_central_melilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Melilla's central mosque"><img alt="Melilla's central mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mezquita_central_melilla.jpg/193px-Mezquita_central_melilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mezquita_central_melilla.jpg/290px-Mezquita_central_melilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mezquita_central_melilla.jpg/387px-Mezquita_central_melilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3676" data-file-height="3422" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Melilla's central mosque</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melilla_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Melilla_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Melilla_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Melilla_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Melilla_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Melilla_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Melilla_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2623" data-file-height="2082" /></a><figcaption>Melilla population pyramid in 2022</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Semana_Santa_en_Melilla_2008_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Semana_Santa_en_Melilla_2008_%282%29.jpg/220px-Semana_Santa_en_Melilla_2008_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Semana_Santa_en_Melilla_2008_%282%29.jpg/330px-Semana_Santa_en_Melilla_2008_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Semana_Santa_en_Melilla_2008_%282%29.jpg/440px-Semana_Santa_en_Melilla_2008_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Spain" title="Holy Week in Spain">Holy Week</a> procession in Melilla</figcaption></figure> <p>Melilla has been praised as an example of <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>, being a small city in which one can find Christians, Muslims, Jews, Hindus, and Buddhists represented.<sup id="cite_ref-modernism_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-modernism-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judaism">Judaism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Percentagewise, Melilla may be the most <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> city in Spain with around 1,000 Jews still living in the city, down from 7,000 around the year 1930 which is mainly due to economic reasons resulting in moving to the Spanish mainland, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> or elsewhere. Melilla plays an important part in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jews_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jews in Spain">History of Jews in Spain</a>, having been exempt from the <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Jews_from_Spain" title="Expulsion of Jews from Spain">expulsion of Jews from Spain</a>. The expelled Spanish Jews were <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic Jews</a> and subsequently found new home in neighboring Morocco, including Melilla. Especially during the second half of the 19th century, many of the expelled Sephardic Jews moved from northern Morocco to Melilla. The first ones were traders from the Moroccan cities who came for economic and safety reasons. Later, impoverished Jews from the rural <a href="/wiki/Rif" title="Rif">Riffian areas</a> joined, also because of safety reasons. Thus, Melilla's special geographical and political situation has made the city the oldest and one of the most important centers of Sephardic Judaism in today's Spain, traditional home of the Sephards.<sup id="cite_ref-ElMundo2018Jews_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElMundo2018Jews-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christianity">Christianity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Spanish Center for Sociological Research, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> is the largest religion in Melilla.<sup id="cite_ref-CIS2019Melilla_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIS2019Melilla-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the proportion of Melillans that identify themselves as Roman Catholic was 65.0% (31.7% define themselves as not practising, while 33.3% as practising). 30% identify as followers of other faiths, 2.7% identify as non-believers, and 2.3% identify as atheists.<sup id="cite_ref-CIS2019Melilla_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIS2019Melilla-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Roman Catholic churches in Melilla belong to the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_M%C3%A1laga" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Málaga">Diocese of Málaga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islam">Islam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> account for roughly half the population in Melilla.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019117_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019117-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a small, autonomous, and commercially important Hindu community present in Melilla, which has fallen over the past decades as its members move to the Spanish mainland and numbers about 100 members today.<sup id="cite_ref-modernism_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-modernism-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Melilla features a <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> first and official language and <a href="/wiki/Tarifit" title="Tarifit">Tarifit</a> as the second language, with limited written codification, and usage restricted to family and domestic relations and oral speech.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESánchez_Suárez2003190_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESánchez_Suárez2003190-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population can be thus divided into monolingual Spanish speakers of European ethnic origin (without competence in any other language than those formally taught at school); those descended from Tamazight-speaking parents, usually bilingual in Spanish and Tamazight; and Moroccan immigrants and cross-border workers, with a generally dominant Tamazight language (with some also competent in Arabic) and a L2 competence in Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontero_AlonsoSayahi202156_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontero_AlonsoSayahi202156-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish spoken in Melilla is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian dialect">Andalusian variety</a> from <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETilmatine201123_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETilmatine201123-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas the Berber variant spoken in Melilla is the Tarifit common with the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Nador" title="Nador">Nador</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETilmatine201126_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETilmatine201126-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than Berber (Spanish: <i lang="es">bereber</i>), Berber speakers in Melilla use either the glotonym <span title="Tarifit-language text"><i lang="rif-Latn-EA">Tmaziɣt</i></span>, or, in Spanish, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-EA">cherja</i></span> for their language.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETilmatine201123_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETilmatine201123-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first attempt to legislate a degree of recognition for Berber in Melilla was in 1994, in the context of the elaboration of the Statute of Autonomy, by mentioning the promotion of the linguistic and cultural pluralism (without explicitly mentioning the Berber language). The initiative went nowhere, voted down by PP and PSOE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETilmatine201119_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETilmatine201119-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reasons cited for not recognizing Tamazight are related to the argument that the variety is not standardized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontero_AlonsoSayahi202158_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontero_AlonsoSayahi202158-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Border_security">Border security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Border security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defence_and_Civil_Guard">Defence and Civil Guard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Defence and Civil Guard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The defence of the enclave is the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spanish Armed Forces</a>' General Command of Melilla.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Spanish Army</a>'s combat components of the command include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regulares" title="Regulares">52nd <i>Regulares</i> Infantry Regiment</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tercio_%22Gran_Capit%C3%A1n%22_No._1_of_the_Legion" title="Tercio "Gran Capitán" No. 1 of the Legion">1st Tercio <i>Gran Capitán</i> Regiment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Legion" title="Spanish Legion">Spanish Legion</a>;</li> <li>10th 'Alcántara' Cavalry Regiment<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equipped with <a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2 main battle tanks</a> and <a href="/wiki/ASCOD" title="ASCOD">Pizarro infantry fighting vehicles</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>32nd Mixed Artillery Regiment with <i>Grupo de Artillería de Campaña I/32</i> equipped with <a href="/wiki/Santa_B%C3%A1rbara_Sistemas_155/52" title="Santa Bárbara Sistemas 155/52">155/52mm towed howitzers</a> and <i>Grupo de Artillería Antiaérea II/32</i> equipped with <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_GDF" title="Oerlikon GDF">35/90 SKYDOR/35/90 GDF-007 anti-aircraft guns</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and,</li> <li>8th Engineer Regiment</li></ul> <p>The command also includes its headquarters battalion as well as logistics elements.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the defence of Melilla, the garrison is also responsible for <a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">the defence of islands and rock formations claimed by Spain</a> off the coast of Morocco. Units of the garrison are deployed to these rock formations to secure them against Moroccan incursions and did so notably during the <a href="/wiki/Perejil_Island_crisis" title="Perejil Island crisis">Perejil Island crisis</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_107-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To enhance coastal security, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a> based a dedicated patrol boat (<i>Isla Pinto</i>) in Melilla from mid-2023.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melilla itself is about 350 kilometres (220 mi) distant from the main Spanish naval base at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Rota" title="Naval Station Rota">Rota</a> on the Spanish mainland while the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Air Force">Spanish Air Force</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%B3n_Air_Base" title="Morón Air Base">Morón Air Base</a> is within 300 kilometres (190 mi) proximity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Civil Guard</a> is responsible for border security and protects both the territory's <a href="/wiki/Melilla_border_fence" title="Melilla border fence">fortified land border</a> against frequent, and sometimes significant, migrant incursions.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trans-border_relations">Trans-border relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Trans-border relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Melilla forms a sort of trans-border urban conurbation with limited integration together with the neighbouring Moroccan settlements, located at one of the ends of a linear succession of <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a> spanning southward in Morocco along the <a href="/wiki/National_Route_19_(Morocco)" title="National Route 19 (Morocco)">R19</a> road from <a href="/wiki/Beni_Ensar" class="mw-redirect" title="Beni Ensar">Beni Ensar</a> down to <a href="/wiki/Nador" title="Nador">Nador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selouane" title="Selouane">Selouane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019115_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019115-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The urban system features a high degree of hierarchization, specialization and <a href="/wiki/Division_of_labour" title="Division of labour">division of labour</a>, with Melilla as chief provider of services, finance and trade; Nador as an eminently industrial city whereas the rest of Moroccan settlements found themselves in a subordinate role, presenting <a href="/wiki/Agro-town" title="Agro-town">agro-town</a> features and operating as providers of workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019115_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019115-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The asymmetry, as reflected for example in the provision of healthcare, has fostered situations such as the large-scale use of the Melillan health services by Moroccan citizens, with Melilla attending a number of urgencies more than four times the standard for its population in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019116_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019116-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to satisfy the workforce needs of Melilla (mainly in areas such as <a href="/wiki/Domestic_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic service">domestic service</a>, construction and cross-border bale workers, often under informal contracts), Moroccan inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Nador" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Nador">province of Nador</a> were granted exemptions from visa requirements to enter the autonomous city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019109_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019109-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This development in turn induced a strong flux of <a href="/wiki/Internal_migration" title="Internal migration">internal migration</a> from other Moroccan provinces to Nador, in order to acquire the aforementioned exemption.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019109_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019109-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 'fluid' trans-border relations between Melilla and its surroundings are however not free from conflict, as they are contingent upon the <a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Morocco–Spain relations">'tense' trans-national relations between Morocco and Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019118_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019118-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Securing_the_border">Securing the border</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Securing the border"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Verjamelilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Verjamelilla.jpg/220px-Verjamelilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Verjamelilla.jpg/330px-Verjamelilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Verjamelilla.jpg/440px-Verjamelilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Melilla_border_fence" title="Melilla border fence">Melilla border fence</a> aims to curb illegal immigration into the city.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the increasing influx of Algerian and sub-Saharan irregular migrants into Ceuta and Melilla in the early 1990s,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerrer_Gallardo2008140_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerrer_Gallardo2008140-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a process of border <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortification</a> in both cities ensued after 1995 to reduce the border's permeability,<sup id="cite_ref-ser_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ser-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a target attained to some degree by 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerrer_Gallardo2008140_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerrer_Gallardo2008140-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although peak level of fortification was reached in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-ser_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ser-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Melilla's border with Morocco is secured by the <a href="/wiki/Melilla_border_fence" title="Melilla border fence">Melilla border fence</a>, a 6 metres (20 ft) tall double fence with watch towers; yet migrants (in groups of tens or sometimes hundreds) storm the fence and manage to cross it from time to time.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2005, at least 14 migrants have died trying to cross the fence.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Melilla migrant reception centre was built with a capacity of 480.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020 works to remove the barbed wire from the top of the fence (meanwhile raising its height up to more than 10 metres (33 ft) in the stretches most susceptible to breaches) were commissioned to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tragsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tragsa (page does not exist)">Tragsa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragsa" class="extiw" title="es:Tragsa">es</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2022, at least 23 sub-Saharan migrants and two Moroccan security personnel were killed when around 2,000 migrants stormed the border. The death toll has been estimated to be as high as 37 by certain NGOs.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 200 Spanish and Moroccan law enforcement officers and at least 76 migrants were injured. Hundreds of migrants succeeded in breaching the fence, and 133 made it across the border.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Widely circulated footage showed dozens of motionless migrants piled together.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the worst such incident in Melilla's history.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United Nations, the African Union and a number of human rights groups condemned what they deemed excessive force used by Moroccan and Spanish border guards, although no lethal weapons were employed, and the deaths were later attributed to "mechanical asphyxiation".<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morocco has been paid tens of million euros by both Spain and the European Union to outsource the EU migration control.<sup id="cite_ref-publico_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publico-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides the double fence in the Spanish side of the border, there is an additional 3 metres (9.8 ft) high fence entirely made of <a href="/wiki/Razor_wire" title="Razor wire">razor wire</a> lying on the Moroccan side as well as a moat in between.<sup id="cite_ref-publico_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publico-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fortress_Europe#Postwar_usage" title="Fortress Europe">Fortress Europe § Postwar usage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2022_Melilla_incident" title="2022 Melilla incident">2022 Melilla incident</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div><small></small></div> </div><div class="thumbcaption">Annual passenger traffic at MLN airport. See <a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#%23%20Scroll%20down%20and%20hit%20blue%20arrow%20down%20to%20run%20and%20see%20the%20results%20%2B%20the%20sources%0ASELECT%20%3Fyear%20%3Fitem%20%3Fshortname%20%28MAX%28%3Fnumber%29%20AS%20%3Fpassengers%29%20%20%20%28SAMPLE%28COALESCE%28%3Freference_URL%2C%20%3Fmonthly_reference_URL2%29%29%20AS%20%3Fsample_reference_URL%29%0AWITH%0A%7B%20%20SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3Fstatement%20%3Fdate%20%3Fyear%20%3Ftimevalue%20%3Fnumberperperiod%20%3Freference_URL%0A%20%20WHERE%20%20%7B%20%20%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP238%20%3Fairport_code%0A%20%20%20%20VALUES%20%3Fairport_code%20%20%20%20%20%7B%20%22MLN%22%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fitem%20p%3AP3872%20%3Fstatement.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fstatement%20pqv%3AP585%20%3Ftimevalue%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ps%3AP3872%20%3Fnumberperperiod.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Ftimevalue%20wikibase%3AtimeValue%20%3Fdate.%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fstatement%20pq%3AP518%20%3Fapplies.%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fstatement%20prov%3AwasDerivedFrom%20%2F%20%28pr%3AP854%7Cpr%3AP4656%29%20%3Freference_URL.%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20FILTER%20%28BOUND%28%3Fapplies%29%3Dfalse%20%7C%7C%20%3Fapplies%20%3D%20wd%3AQ2165236%20%29%0A%20%20%20%20MINUS%20%7B%20%3Fstatement%20wikibase%3Arank%20wikibase%3ADeprecatedRank%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%20%28YEAR%28%3Fdate%29%20AS%20%3Fyear%29%0A%20%20%20%20FILTER%20%28%3Fyear%20%3E1949%29.%20%20%20%20FILTER%20%28%3Fyear%20%3C%20YEAR%28NOW%28%29%29%29%0A%20%20%7D%20%7D%20AS%20%25airport%0AWHERE%0A%7B%20%20%20%7B%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20sum%20of%20monthly%20values%20within%20a%20year%0A%20%20%20%20SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3Fyear%20%28SUM%28%3Fmax_numberperperiod%29%20AS%20%3Fnumber%29%20%28SAMPLE%28%3Fmonthly_reference_URL%29%20AS%20%3Fmonthly_reference_URL2%29%0A%20%20%20%20WHERE%0A%20%20%20%20%7B%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20maximal%20value%20and%20a%20sample%20reference%20URL%20for%20each%20unique%20month%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7B%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3Fyear%20%28MAX%28%3Fnumberperperiod%29%20AS%20%3Fmax_numberperperiod%29%20%28SAMPLE%28%3Freference_URL%29%20AS%20%3Fmonthly_reference_URL%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20WHERE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7B%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20INCLUDE%20%25airport%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ftimevalue%20wikibase%3AtimePrecision%20%3Fprecmonth.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20FILTER%20%28%3Fprecmonth%20%20%3D10%29%23%20precision%20%3D%20month%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fitem%20%3Fyear%20%3Fdate%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%20%20%20%20%7D%20%20%20%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fitem%20%3Fyear%0A%20%20%7D%20%20UNION%20%20%7B%20%20%20%20%3Ftimevalue%20wikibase%3AtimePrecision%20%3Fprecyear.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20FILTER%20%28%3Fprecyear%20%20%3D9%29%23%20precision%20%3D%20year%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20BIND%20%28%3Fnumberperperiod%20AS%20%3Fnumber%29%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20BIND%20%28%3Freference_URL%20AS%20%3Fsample_reference_URL%29%0A%20%20%20%20INCLUDE%20%25airport%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP1813%20%3Fthis.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20has%20shortname%0A%20%20%20%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3Fthis%29%3D%22en%22%29%20%20%7D%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%2Cen%22.%20%3Fitem%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FitemLabel.%7D%0ABIND%28COALESCE%28%3Fthis%2C%3FitemLabel%29%20as%20%3Fshortname%29%0A%7D%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fitem%20%3Fshortname%20%3Fyear%20ORDER%20BY%20%3Fitem%20DESC%20%28%3Fyear%29">Wikidata query</a>.</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Melilla" title="Transport in Melilla">Transport in Melilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Melilla" title="Port of Melilla">Port of Melilla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Melilla_Airport" title="Melilla Airport">Melilla Airport</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Melilla_Airport" title="Melilla Airport">Melilla Airport</a> is serviced by <a href="/wiki/Air_Nostrum" title="Air Nostrum">Air Nostrum</a>, flying to the Spanish cities of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_de_Gran_Canaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Palmas de Gran Canaria">Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajoz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sevilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevilla">Sevilla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a>. In April 2013, a local enterprise set up <a href="/wiki/Melilla_Airlines" title="Melilla Airlines">Melilla Airlines</a>, flying from the city to Málaga.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is linked to Málaga, Almería and <a href="/wiki/Motril" title="Motril">Motril</a> by ferry. </p><p>Three roads connect Melilla and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> but require clearance through border checkpoints. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Melilla is a <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a> destination.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's football club, <a href="/wiki/UD_Melilla" title="UD Melilla">UD Melilla</a>, plays in the third tier of Spanish football, the <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Divisi%C3%B3n_B" title="Segunda División B">Segunda División B</a>. The club was founded in 1943 and since 1945 have played at the 12,000-seater <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Municipal_%C3%81lvarez_Claro" title="Estadio Municipal Álvarez Claro">Estadio Municipal Álvarez Claro</a>. Until the other club was dissolved in 2012, UD Melilla played the Ceuta-Melilla derby against <a href="/wiki/AD_Ceuta" title="AD Ceuta">AD Ceuta</a>. The clubs travelled to each other via the Spanish mainland to avoid entering Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-chameleon_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chameleon-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second-highest ranked club in the city are <a href="/wiki/Casino_del_Real_CF" title="Casino del Real CF">Casino del Real CF</a> of the fourth-tier <a href="/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n" title="Tercera División">Tercera División</a>. The football's governing institution is the <a href="/wiki/Melilla_Football_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Melilla Football Federation">Melilla Football Federation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dispute_with_Morocco">Dispute with Morocco</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Dispute with Morocco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Greater Morocco</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Morocco" title="Cabinet of Morocco">Moroccan government</a> has repeatedly called for Spain to transfer the sovereignty of Melilla, <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">plazas de soberanía</a></i> to Morocco, with Spain's refusal to do so serving as a major source of tension in <a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Morocco–Spain relations">Morocco–Spain relations</a>. In Morocco, Ceuta is frequently referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupied</a> Sebtah", and the Moroccan government has argued that the city, along with other Spanish territories in the region, are <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colonies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the major arguments used by Morocco in their attempts to acquire sovereignty over Melilla refers to the geographical position of the city, as Melilla is an <a href="/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave" title="Enclave and exclave">exclave</a> surrounded by Moroccan territory and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> and has no territorial continuity with the rest of Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This argument was originally developed by one of the founders of the Moroccan <a href="/wiki/Istiqlal_Party" title="Istiqlal Party">Istiqlal Party</a>, Alal-El Faasi, who openly advocated for Morocco to invade and occupy Melilla and other North African territories under Spanish rule.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spain, in line with the majority of nations in the rest of the world, has never recognized Morocco's claim over Melilla. The official position of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Spanish government</a> is that Melilla is an integral part of Spain, and has been since the 16th century, centuries prior to Morocco's independence from Spain and France in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of Melilla's population support continued Spanish sovereignty and are opposed to Moroccan control over the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, Spain joined <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. However, Melilla is not under NATO protection since Article 6 of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a> limits such coverage to Europe and North America and islands north of the <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer" title="Tropic of Cancer">Tropic of Cancer</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a> was explicitly included in the treaty upon France's entry. Legal experts have claimed that other articles of the treaty could cover Spanish territories in North Africa but this interpretation has not been tested in practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Newtral_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newtral-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit" title="2022 Madrid summit">2022 Madrid summit</a>, the issue of the protection of Melilla was raised by Spain, with NATO Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> stating: "On which territories NATO protects and Ceuta and Melilla, NATO is there to protect all Allies against any threats. At the end of the day, it will always be a political decision to invoke Article 5, but rest assured NATO is there to protect and defend all Allies".<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 December 2020, following statements made by Moroccan Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Saadeddine_Othmani" title="Saadeddine Othmani">Saadeddine Othmani</a> that Melilla is "Moroccan as the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>", the Spanish government summoned the Moroccan ambassador, Karima Benyaich, to convey that Spain expects all its partners to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its territory in Africa and asked for an explanation for Othmani's words.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Melilla" title="Category:People from Melilla">Category:People from Melilla</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Spain" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain">List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain</a></div> <p>Melilla is <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">twinned</a> with: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a> (Venezuela).<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cavite_City" title="Cavite City">Cavite City</a> (Philippines).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> (Spain).<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a> (Spain).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a> (Spain).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a> (Uruguay).<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Motril" title="Motril">Motril</a> (Spain); since January 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a> (Spain).<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a> (Italy); since September 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez-M%C3%A1laga" title="Vélez-Málaga">Vélez-Málaga</a> (Spain); since January 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Antequera" title="Antequera">Antequera</a> (Spain); as of 2016, in process.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/48px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuerte_de_Cabrerizas_Altas" title="Fuerte de Cabrerizas Altas">Fuerte de Cabrerizas Altas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_enclaves_in_North_Africa_before_1830" title="European enclaves in North Africa before 1830">European enclaves in North Africa before 1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla_(Congress_of_Deputies_constituency)" title="Melilla (Congress of Deputies constituency)">Melilla (Congress of Deputies constituency)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs1"><i>Municipal Register of Spain 2018</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Institute_(Spain)" title="National Statistics Institute (Spain)">National Statistics Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Municipal+Register+of+Spain+2018&rft.pub=National+Statistics+Institute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ine.es/prensa/cre_2022.pdf">"Contabilidad Regional de España"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.ine.es</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ine.es&rft.atitle=Contabilidad+Regional+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fine.es%2Fprensa%2Fcre_2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouncil_of_the_European_Union2015" class="citation book cs1">Council of the European Union (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/30055/qc0414838enn.pdf"><i>The Schengen Area</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2860%2F48294">10.2860/48294</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-824-4586-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-824-4586-0"><bdi>978-92-824-4586-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Schengen+Area&rft.pub=Council+of+the+European+Union&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2860%2F48294&rft.isbn=978-92-824-4586-0&rft.au=Council+of+the+European+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.consilium.europa.eu%2Fmedia%2F30055%2Fqc0414838enn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=2853&L=0">"Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)">Instituto Nacional de Estadística</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Resultados+Electorales+en+Melilla%3A+Elecciones+Municipales+2019+en+EL+PA%C3%8DS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresultados.elpais.com%2Felecciones%2F2019%2Fmunicipales%2F19%2F52%2F01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlba2019" class="citation news cs1">Alba, Nicolás (15 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2019/06/15/5d04d1c3fc6c833b568b46a6.html">"El único diputado de Ciudadanos consigue la presidencia de Melilla tras 19 años de Gobierno del PP"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=El+%C3%BAnico+diputado+de+Ciudadanos+consigue+la+presidencia+de+Melilla+tras+19+a%C3%B1os+de+Gobierno+del+PP&rft.date=2019-06-15&rft.aulast=Alba&rft.aufirst=Nicol%C3%A1s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Fespana%2F2019%2F06%2F15%2F5d04d1c3fc6c833b568b46a6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+GDP+per+capita+ranged+from+30%25+to+263%25+of+the+EU+average+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10474907%2F1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf%2F81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200664-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200664_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorón_Pérez2006">Morón Pérez 2006</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200667-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200667_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorón_Pérez2006">Morón Pérez 2006</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200667–68-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200667–68_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200667–68_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorón_Pérez2006">Morón Pérez 2006</a>, pp. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200668-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorón_Pérez200668_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorón_Pérez2006">Morón Pérez 2006</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vk1-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vk1_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vk1_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">English translation of Volkskrant article: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/309191-melilla-north-africa-s-european-dream">Melilla North-Africa's European dream</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307004142/http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/309191-melilla-north-africa-s-european-dream">Archived</a> 7 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 5 August 2010, visited 3 June 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bonosmelilla.es/">"Tourist Bonds to visit Melilla"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tourist+Bonds+to+visit+Melilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbonosmelilla.es%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diariosur.es/20080220/local/melilla/trabajo-desalinizadora-mejora-calidad-200802200802.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F">"El trabajo de la desalinizadora mejora la calidad del agua y la sitúa en los parámetros exigidos por Sanidad y Consumo"</a>. 20 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+trabajo+de+la+desalinizadora+mejora+la+calidad+del+agua+y+la+sit%C3%BAa+en+los+par%C3%A1metros+exigidos+por+Sanidad+y+Consumo&rft.date=2008-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariosur.es%2F20080220%2Flocal%2Fmelilla%2Ftrabajo-desalinizadora-mejora-calidad-200802200802.html%3Fref%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europapress.es/impulsamos/consumo-sostenible/noticia-melilla-ahorrara-agua-partir-segunda-fase-planificacion-hidrologica-20140514092711.html">"Melilla ahorrará un 6% de agua a partir de la segunda fase de planificación hidrológica"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Press_(news_agency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Press (news agency)">Europa Press</a></i>. 29 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europa+Press&rft.atitle=Melilla+ahorrar%C3%A1+un+6%25+de+agua+a+partir+de+la+segunda+fase+de+planificaci%C3%B3n+hidrol%C3%B3gica&rft.date=2014-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europapress.es%2Fimpulsamos%2Fconsumo-sostenible%2Fnoticia-melilla-ahorrara-agua-partir-segunda-fase-planificacion-hidrologica-20140514092711.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonda2004" class="citation journal cs1">Ronda, Javier (January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapa.gob.es/ministerio/pags/Biblioteca/Revistas/pdf_AM%2FAM_2004_29_15_19.pdf">"Adiós al problema del agua en Melilla"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ambienta</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambienta&rft.atitle=Adi%C3%B3s+al+problema+del+agua+en+Melilla&rft.date=2004-01&rft.aulast=Ronda&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapa.gob.es%2Fministerio%2Fpags%2FBiblioteca%2FRevistas%2Fpdf_AM%252FAM_2004_29_15_19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-espinosa-anuncia-inversion-10-millones-ampliar-desalinizadora-melilla-20090929170054.html">"Espinosa anuncia una inversión de 10 millones para ampliar la desalinizadora de Melilla"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Press_(news_agency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Press (news agency)">Europa Press</a></i>. 29 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europa+Press&rft.atitle=Espinosa+anuncia+una+inversi%C3%B3n+de+10+millones+para+ampliar+la+desalinizadora+de+Melilla&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europapress.es%2Fnacional%2Fnoticia-espinosa-anuncia-inversion-10-millones-ampliar-desalinizadora-melilla-20090929170054.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diariosur.es/v/20130924/melilla/gobierno-financia-millones-funcionamiento-20130924.html">"El Gobierno financia con 3,9 millones el funcionamiento de la desalinizadora"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Diario_Sur" title="Diario Sur">Diario Sur</a></i>. 24 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diario+Sur&rft.atitle=El+Gobierno+financia+con+3%2C9+millones+el+funcionamiento+de+la+desalinizadora&rft.date=2013-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariosur.es%2Fv%2F20130924%2Fmelilla%2Fgobierno-financia-millones-funcionamiento-20130924.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillarrealOjeda2021" class="citation web cs1">Villarreal, Antonio; Ojeda, Darío (9 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elconfidencial.com/tecnologia/ciencia/2021-04-09/dos-espanas-agua-embotellada-consumo_3025615/">"Las dos Españas del agua: al oeste se tira más del grifo y en el resto aprecian la embotellada"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Confidencial" title="El Confidencial">El Confidencial</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Confidencial&rft.atitle=Las+dos+Espa%C3%B1as+del+agua%3A+al+oeste+se+tira+m%C3%A1s+del+grifo+y+en+el+resto+aprecian+la+embotellada&rft.date=2021-04-09&rft.aulast=Villarreal&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.au=Ojeda%2C+Dar%C3%ADo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elconfidencial.com%2Ftecnologia%2Fciencia%2F2021-04-09%2Fdos-espanas-agua-embotellada-consumo_3025615%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elfarodemelilla.es/arrancan-trabajosampliacion-desaladora-melilla/">"Arrancan los trabajos para la ampliación de la desaladora de Melilla"</a>. <i>El Faro de Melilla</i>. 7 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Faro+de+Melilla&rft.atitle=Arrancan+los+trabajos+para+la+ampliaci%C3%B3n+de+la+desaladora+de+Melilla&rft.date=2020-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felfarodemelilla.es%2Farrancan-trabajosampliacion-desaladora-melilla%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBravo_Nieto200237-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBravo_Nieto200237_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBravo_Nieto2002">Bravo Nieto 2002</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECantón_FernándezRiaño_López198415–19-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECantón_FernándezRiaño_López198415–19_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECantón_FernándezRiaño_López198415–19_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCantón_FernándezRiaño_López1984">Cantón Fernández & Riaño López 1984</a>, pp. 15–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501221012/http://www.melillaturismo.com/modernismo.html">"Melilla Modernista"</a>. <i>Melilla Turismo</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.melillaturismo.com/modernismo.html">the original</a> on 1 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2013</span>. <q>Nieto was in charge of designing the main Synagogue, the Central Mosque and various Catholic churches</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Melilla+Turismo&rft.atitle=Melilla+Modernista&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.melillaturismo.com%2Fmodernismo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-modernism-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-modernism_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-modernism_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jennifer-walker/melilla-where-catalan-mod_b_3944043.html">"Melilla: Where Catalan "Modernisme" Meets North Africa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Melilla%3A+Where+Catalan+%22Modernisme%22+Meets+North+Africa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fjennifer-walker%2Fmelilla-where-catalan-mod_b_3944043.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElMundo2018Jews-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ElMundo2018Jews_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuis_Alemany2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Luis Alemany (30 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/papel/cultura/2018/05/30/5b0c31bdca4741d71b8b45a4.html">"La última esperanza del barrio judío de Melilla"</a> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/en/unidades/Melilla/rcac10/">"REGIMIENTO DE CABALLERIA "ALCÁNTARA"10"</a>. <i>Ministerio de Defensa</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministerio+de+Defensa&rft.atitle=REGIMIENTO+DE+CABALLERIA+%22ALC%C3%81NTARA%2210&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejercito.defensa.gob.es%2Fen%2Funidades%2FMelilla%2Frcac10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/unidades/Melilla/rcac10/Noticias/2021/03_ejercicio_de_tiro.html">"Ejercicio de tiro del vehículo VCIC Pizarro - Ejército de tierra"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ejercicio+de+tiro+del+veh%C3%ADculo+VCIC+Pizarro+-+Ej%C3%A9rcito+de+tierra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejercito.defensa.gob.es%2Funidades%2FMelilla%2Frcac10%2FNoticias%2F2021%2F03_ejercicio_de_tiro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/unidades/Melilla/rcac10/Organizacion/index.html">"Contenido - Ejército de tierra"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contenido+-+Ej%C3%A9rcito+de+tierra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejercito.defensa.gob.es%2Funidades%2FMelilla%2Frcac10%2FOrganizacion%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/en/unidades/Melilla/ramix32/Historial/index.html">"Regimiento Mixto de Artillería 32"</a>. <i>Ministerio de Defensa</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministerio+de+Defensa&rft.atitle=Regimiento+Mixto+de+Artiller%C3%ADa+32&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejercito.defensa.gob.es%2Fen%2Funidades%2FMelilla%2Framix32%2FHistorial%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/en/unidades/Melilla/ramix32/Noticias/2022/10_El_GAAA_II32_realiza_ejercicios_de_colaboracion_aerea_y_tiro_AAA_en_el_CMT_de_Rostrogordo.html">"El GAAA II/32 realiza ejercicios de colaboración aérea y tiro AAA en el CMT de Rostrogordo. - Spanish army"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+GAAA+II%2F32+realiza+ejercicios+de+colaboraci%C3%B3n+a%C3%A9rea+y+tiro+AAA+en+el+CMT+de+Rostrogordo.+-+Spanish+army&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejercito.defensa.gob.es%2Fen%2Funidades%2FMelilla%2Framix32%2FNoticias%2F2022%2F10_El_GAAA_II32_realiza_ejercicios_de_colaboracion_aerea_y_tiro_AAA_en_el_CMT_de_Rostrogordo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uklandpower.com/2020/12/08/learning-from-how-our-allies-armies-are-organized/">"Learning from how our Allies' armies are organized"</a>. 8 December 2020.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lavanguardia&rft.atitle=La+Armada+recibe+el+patrullero+%27Isla+Pinto%27+para+vigilar+las+aguas+de+Melilla&rft.date=2023-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Fnacional%2F20230621%2F9058347%2Farmada-recibe-patrullero-isla-pinto-vigilar-aguas-melilla.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/4192258/armada-incrementara-presencia-melilla-patrullero-vigilancia-costera">"La Armada incrementará su presencia en Melilla con un patrullero de vigilancia costera"</a>. <i>infodefensa.com</i>. 27 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=infodefensa.com&rft.atitle=La+Armada+incrementar%C3%A1+su+presencia+en+Melilla+con+un+patrullero+de+vigilancia+costera&rft.date=2023-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infodefensa.com%2Ftexto-diario%2Fmostrar%2F4192258%2Farmada-incrementara-presencia-melilla-patrullero-vigilancia-costera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/38932/melilla-thousands-of-migrants-attempt-to-scale-fence-into-spanish-enclave">"Melilla: Thousands of migrants attempt to scale fence into Spanish enclave"</a>. 3 March 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Magicseaweed.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Melilla+%E2%80%93+Weather+Stations&rft.pub=Magicseaweed.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagicseaweed.com%2FMelilla-Wind-Station%2FSUAA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chameleon-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chameleon_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkey2009" class="citation book cs1">Hawkey, Ian (2009). <i>Feet of the chameleon : the story of African football</i>. 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"The Spanish-Moroccan relationship: combining bonne entente with territorial disputes". In K. Stoklosa (ed.). <i>Living on the border. European Border Regions in Comparison</i>. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Spanish-Moroccan+relationship%3A+combining+bonne+entente+with+territorial+disputes&rft.btitle=Living+on+the+border.+European+Border+Regions+in+Comparison&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Castan+Pinos&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastan_Pinos2014" class="citation book cs1">Castan Pinos, J. 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London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=A+rocky+relationship&rft.date=2003-06-12&rft.aulast=Tremlett&rft.aufirst=Giles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2003%2Fjun%2F12%2Fworlddispatch.gibraltar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois_Papet-Périn2012" class="citation thesis cs1">François Papet-Périn (2012). <i>La mer d'Alboran ou Le contentieux territorial hispano-marocain sur les deux bornes européennes de Ceuta et Melilla</i> (doctorat d'histoire contemporaine soutenue thesis). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newtral&rft.atitle=%C2%BFEst%C3%A1n+Ceuta+y+Melilla+bajo+el+paraguas+de+la+OTAN%3F&rft.date=2021-10-02&rft.au=Thess+M%C3%B3stoles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newtral.es%2Fceuta-melilla-otan-expertos%2F20211002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJens_Stoltenberg2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> (30 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_197301.htm">"Press conference by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg following the meeting of the North Atlantic Council at the level of Heads of State and Government (2022 NATO Summit)"</a>. <i>NATO</i> (transcript)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://elfarodemelilla.es/melilla-y-antequera-comienzan-los-tramites-de-hermanamiento-el-proximo-septiembre/">"Melilla y Antequera comienzan los trámites de hermanamiento el próximo septiembre"</a>. <i>El Faro de Melilla</i>. 1 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Faro+de+Melilla&rft.atitle=Melilla+y+Antequera+comienzan+los+tr%C3%A1mites+de+hermanamiento+el+pr%C3%B3ximo+septiembre&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felfarodemelilla.es%2Fmelilla-y-antequera-comienzan-los-tramites-de-hermanamiento-el-proximo-septiembre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBascón_JiménezCazallo_AntúnezLechuga_CardozoMeñaca_Guerrero2016" class="citation journal cs1">Bascón Jiménez, Milagrosa; Cazallo Antúnez, Ana; Lechuga Cardozo, Jorge; Meñaca Guerrero, Indira (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revistas.unisimon.edu.co/index.php/desarrollogerencial/article/view/2553/2488">"Necesidad de implantar un servicio público de transporte entre las ciudades de Ceuta-Tetuán y Melilla-Nador"</a>. <i>Desarrollo Gerencial</i>. <b>8</b> (2). 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Madrid: <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Ediciones Complutense</a>: 135–156. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5209%2Frev_GERI.2015.49055">10.5209/rev_GERI.2015.49055</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0213-0181">0213-0181</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geri%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=La+fundaci%C3%B3n+de+Rusaddir+y+la+%C3%A9poca+p%C3%BAnica&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=135-156&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5209%2Frev_GERI.2015.49055&rft.issn=0213-0181&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez+Pardo&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevistas.ucm.es%2Findex.php%2FGERI%2Farticle%2Fview%2F49055%2F45753%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoureiro_Soto2015" class="citation book cs1">Loureiro Soto, Jorge Luis (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/eserv/tesisuned:IUGM-Jlloureiro/LOUREIRO_SOUTO_JorgeLuis_Tesis.pdf"><i>Los conflictos por Ceuta y Melilla: 600 años de controversias</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/UNED" class="mw-redirect" title="UNED">UNED</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+conflictos+por+Ceuta+y+Melilla%3A+600+a%C3%B1os+de+controversias&rft.pub=UNED&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Loureiro+Soto&rft.aufirst=Jorge+Luis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe-spacio.uned.es%2Ffez%2Feserv%2Ftesisuned%3AIUGM-Jlloureiro%2FLOUREIRO_SOUTO_JorgeLuis_Tesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMárquez_Cruz2003" class="citation journal cs1">Márquez Cruz, Guillermo (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629165952/https://www.recercat.cat/bitstream/handle/2072/1238/ICPS227.pdf?sequence=1">"La formación de gobierno y la práctica coalicional en las ciudades autónomas de Ceuta y Melilla (1979–2007)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Working Papers</i> (227). 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Vol. I. pp. 289–296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-505-5233-8" title="Special:BookSources/84-505-5233-8"><bdi>84-505-5233-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+masoner%C3%ADa+en+Melilla+en+el+s.+XIX%3A+las+logias+%27Amor%27+y+%27Africa%27&rft.btitle=La+masoner%C3%ADa+en+la+Espa%C3%B1a+del+siglo+XIX&rft.pages=289-296&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=84-505-5233-8&rft.aulast=Perp%C3%A9n+Rueda&rft.aufirst=Adoraci%C3%B3n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F1150803.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolo1986" class="citation journal cs1">Polo, Monique (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cvc.cervantes.es/literatura/criticon/PDF/036/036_007.pdf">"La vida cotidiana en Melilla en el siglo XVI"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Criticón</i> (36): 8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0247-381X">0247-381X</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Virtual_Miguel_de_Cervantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes">Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critic%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=La+vida+cotidiana+en+Melilla+en+el+siglo+XVI&rft.issue=36&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1986&rft.issn=0247-381X&rft.aulast=Polo&rft.aufirst=Monique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcvc.cervantes.es%2Fliteratura%2Fcriticon%2FPDF%2F036%2F036_007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonce_HerreroMartí_Ciriquián2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ponce Herrero, Gabino; Martí Ciriquián, Pablo (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/99969/1/Investigaciones_Geograficas_72_05.pdf">"El complejo urbano transfronterizo Melilla-Nador"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Investigaciones Geográficas</i> (72). Alicante: <a href="/wiki/San_Vicente_del_Raspeig" class="mw-redirect" title="San Vicente del Raspeig">San Vicente del Raspeig</a>: 101–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14198%2FINGEO2019.72.05">10.14198/INGEO2019.72.05</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10045%2F99969">10045/99969</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1989-9890">1989-9890</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213966829">213966829</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Investigaciones+Geogr%C3%A1ficas&rft.atitle=El+complejo+urbano+transfronterizo+Melilla-Nador&rft.issue=72&rft.pages=101-124&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10045%2F99969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213966829%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1989-9890&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14198%2FINGEO2019.72.05&rft.aulast=Ponce+Herrero&rft.aufirst=Gabino&rft.au=Mart%C3%AD+Ciriqui%C3%A1n%2C+Pablo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frua.ua.es%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2F10045%2F99969%2F1%2FInvestigaciones_Geograficas_72_05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRemacha_Tejada1994" class="citation journal cs1">Remacha Tejada, José Ramón (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dadun.unav.edu/bitstream/10171/19948/1/ADI_X_1994_07.pdf">"Las fronteras de Ceuta y Melilla"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional</i> (10). Pamplona: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Navarre">Universidad de Navarra</a>: 195–238. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0212-0747">0212-0747</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anuario+Espa%C3%B1ol+de+Derecho+Internacional&rft.atitle=Las+fronteras+de+Ceuta+y+Melilla&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=195-238&rft.date=1994&rft.issn=0212-0747&rft.aulast=Remacha+Tejada&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Ram%C3%B3n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdadun.unav.edu%2Fbitstream%2F10171%2F19948%2F1%2FADI_X_1994_07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSánchez_Suárez2003" class="citation journal cs1">Sánchez Suárez, Mª Ángeles (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ALDABA/article/view/20438">"Reflexiones acerca de la enseñanza del español como lengua de segunda adquisición a personas adultas hablantes de tamazight"</a>. <i>Aldaba</i> (29): 189–235. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5944%2Faldaba.29.2003.20438">10.5944/aldaba.29.2003.20438</a></span> (inactive 1 November 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aldaba&rft.atitle=Reflexiones+acerca+de+la+ense%C3%B1anza+del+espa%C3%B1ol+como+lengua+de+segunda+adquisici%C3%B3n+a+personas+adultas+hablantes+de+tamazight&rft.issue=29&rft.pages=189-235&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5944%2Faldaba.29.2003.20438&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1nchez+Su%C3%A1rez&rft.aufirst=M%C2%AA+%C3%81ngeles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevistas.uned.es%2Findex.php%2FALDABA%2Farticle%2Fview%2F20438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaro_Gandarillas1985" class="citation journal cs1">Saro Gandarillas, Francisco (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.uned.es/ca-melilla/Webmel1/Aldabas/REVISTA%2005.pdf">"La expansión urbana de Melilla: aproximación a su estudio"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Aldaba</i>. <b>3</b> (5): 23–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5944%2Faldaba.5.1985.19602">10.5944/aldaba.5.1985.19602</a> (inactive 1 November 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aldaba&rft.atitle=La+expansi%C3%B3n+urbana+de+Melilla%3A+aproximaci%C3%B3n+a+su+estudio&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=23-34&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5944%2Faldaba.5.1985.19602&rft.aulast=Saro+Gandarillas&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.uned.es%2Fca-melilla%2FWebmel1%2FAldabas%2FREVISTA%252005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaro_Gandarillas1993" class="citation journal cs1">Saro Gandarillas, Francisco (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ALDABA/article/view/20298/16808">"Los orígenes de la Campaña del Rif de 1909"</a>. <i>Aldaba</i> (22). Melilla: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_Educaci%C3%B3n_a_Distancia" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia">UNED</a>: 97–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5944%2Faldaba.22.1993.20298">10.5944/aldaba.22.1993.20298</a></span> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0213-7925">0213-7925</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aldaba&rft.atitle=Los+or%C3%ADgenes+de+la+Campa%C3%B1a+del+Rif+de+1909&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=97-130&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5944%2Faldaba.22.1993.20298&rft.issn=0213-7925&rft.aulast=Saro+Gandarillas&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevistas.uned.es%2Findex.php%2FALDABA%2Farticle%2Fview%2F20298%2F16808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilmatine2011" class="citation journal cs1">Tilmatine, Mohand (2011). "El contacto español-bereber: la lengua de los informativos en Melilla". <i>Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 15–45. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41678469">41678469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Internacional+de+Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica+Iberoamericana&rft.atitle=El+contacto+espa%C3%B1ol-bereber%3A+la+lengua+de+los+informativos+en+Melilla&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=15-45&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41678469%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Tilmatine&rft.aufirst=Mohand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrinidad2012" class="citation journal cs1">Trinidad, Jamie (2012). "An Evaluation of Morocco's Claims to Spain's Remaining Territories in Africa". <i><a href="/wiki/International_and_Comparative_Law_Quarterly" title="International and Comparative Law Quarterly">International and Comparative Law Quarterly</a></i>. <b>61</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>: 961–975. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020589312000371">10.1017/S0020589312000371</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0020-5893">0020-5893</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23279813">23279813</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:232180584">232180584</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+and+Comparative+Law+Quarterly&rft.atitle=An+Evaluation+of+Morocco%27s+Claims+to+Spain%27s+Remaining+Territories+in+Africa&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=961-975&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=0020-5893&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A232180584%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23279813%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020589312000371&rft.aulast=Trinidad&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Melilla" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Melilla">Melilla</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Melilla&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=94&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelilla" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melilla&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Melilla" class="extiw" title="commons:Melilla"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Melilla</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Melilla" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Melilla" title="Template:Melilla"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Melilla" title="Template talk:Melilla"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Melilla" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Melilla"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Melilla" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melilla</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bien_de_Inter%C3%A9s_Cultural_in_Melilla" title="List of Bien de Interés Cultural in Melilla"><i>Bienes de interés cultural</i> in Melilla</a> (<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Bienes_de_inter%C3%A9s_cultural_de_Melilla" class="extiw" title="es:Anexo:Bienes de interés cultural de Melilla">es</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla_border_fence" title="Melilla border fence">Melilla border fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Municipal_%C3%81lvarez_Claro" title="Estadio Municipal Álvarez Claro">Estadio Municipal Álvarez Claro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla_Airport" title="Melilla Airport">Melilla Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla_la_Vieja" title="Melilla la Vieja">Melilla la Vieja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Melilla" title="Transport in Melilla">Transport in Melilla</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Melilla"><img alt="Coat of arms of Melilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg/135px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="1247" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_Oro_(Melilla)" title="Río de Oro (Melilla)">Río de Oro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Melilla" title="Conquest of Melilla">Conquest of Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Melilla_(1774%E2%80%931775)" title="Siege of Melilla (1774–1775)">Siege of Melilla (1774–1775)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Melillan_campaign" title="First Melillan campaign">First Melillan campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Melillan_campaign" title="Second Melillan campaign">Second Melillan campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1936_military_uprising_in_Melilla" title="July 1936 military uprising in Melilla">July 1936 military uprising in Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla">COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Morocco%E2%80%93Spain_diplomatic_conflict" title="2007 Morocco–Spain diplomatic conflict">2007 Morocco–Spain diplomatic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Melilla" title="People's Party of Melilla">People's Party of Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Melilla" title="Coalition for Melilla">Coalition for Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla_(Spanish_Congress_Electoral_District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melilla (Spanish Congress Electoral District)">Melilla (Spanish Congress Electoral District)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Melilla_Assembly_election" title="2019 Melilla Assembly election">2019 Melilla Assembly election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Melilla" title="List of governors of Melilla">List of governors of Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor-President_of_Melilla" title="Mayor-President of Melilla">Mayor-President of Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Melilla" title="Statute of Autonomy of Melilla">Statute of Autonomy of Melilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Melillan_Football_Federation" title="Royal Melillan Football Federation">Royal Melillan Football Federation</a></li> <li>Ceuta-Melilla derby</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisiones_Regionales_de_F%C3%BAtbol_in_Ceuta_and_Melilla" title="Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in Ceuta and Melilla">Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in Ceuta and Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Municipal_%C3%81lvarez_Claro" title="Estadio Municipal Álvarez Claro">Estadio Municipal Álvarez Claro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casino_del_Real_CF" title="Casino del Real CF">Casino del Real</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(dissolved)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Hurac%C3%A1n_Melilla" title="CD Huracán Melilla">Huracán Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla_CD" title="Melilla CD">Melilla CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla_CF" title="Melilla CF">Melilla CF</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(dissolved)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SD_Melilla" title="SD Melilla">SD Melilla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(dissolved)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UD_Melilla_(1943)" title="UD Melilla (1943)">UD Melilla (1943)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(dissolved)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UD_Melilla" title="UD Melilla">UD Melilla</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/UD_Melilla_B" title="UD Melilla B">UD Melilla B</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Melilla_Baloncesto" title="Club Melilla Baloncesto">Melilla Baloncesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CF_Rusadir" title="CF Rusadir">Rusadir</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(dissolved)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Tercio" title="CD Tercio">Tercio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Melilla" title="Coat of arms of Melilla">Coat of arms of Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Melilla" title="Flag of Melilla">Flag of Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla_Airlines" title="Melilla Airlines">Melilla Airlines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template talk:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician Hippos ship"><img alt="Phoenician Hippos ship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/20px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/30px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/40px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="525" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Phoenician_cities" title="List of Phoenician cities">Phoenician cities and colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Camarata_(Mauretania)" title="Camarata (Mauretania)">Camarata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartennae" title="Cartennae">Cartennae</a> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9n%C3%A8s" title="Ténès">Tenes</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hippo_Regius" title="Hippo Regius">Hippo Regius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Icosium" title="Icosium">Icosium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igilgili" title="Igilgili">Igilgili</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Iol (Cherchell)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iomnium" title="Iomnium">Iomnium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tigzirt" title="Tigzirt">Tigzirt</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cirta" title="Cirta">Cirta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Djinet" title="Djinet">Kissi (Djinet)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Macomades" title="Macomades">Macomades</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calama_(Numidia)" title="Calama (Numidia)">Malaca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rachgoun" title="Rachgoun">Rachgoun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusazus" title="Rusazus">Rusazus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azeffoun" title="Azeffoun">Azeffoun</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Rusguniae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Tamentfoust</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skikda" title="Skikda">Rusicade (Skikda)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusippisir" title="Rusippisir">Rusippisir (Taksebt)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusubbicari" title="Rusubbicari">Rusubbicari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zemmouri" title="Zemmouri">Zemmouri</a> El Bahri)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dellys" title="Dellys">Rusuccuru (Dellys)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zara%C3%AF" title="Zaraï">Sarai</a> (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_Oulmene" title="Aïn Oulmene">Aïn Oulmene</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thagora" title="Thagora">Thagora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taoura" title="Taoura">Taoura</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Mauretania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipasa in Mauretania">Tipasa in Mauretania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Numidia" title="Tipasa in Numidia">Tipasa in Numidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timici" title="Timici">Timici</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dali,_Cyprus" title="Dali, Cyprus">Dhali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kition" title="Kition">Kition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lapathus_(Cyprus)" title="Lapathus (Cyprus)">Lapathus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Cyprus" title="Marion, Cyprus">Marion</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Callista (Santorini)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxi">Paxi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achzib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Akka (Acre)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Dor" title="Tel Dor">Dora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Michal" title="Tel Michal">Michal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apollonia-Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia-Arsuf">Reshef</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Shikmona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Strato's Tower (Caesarea)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bithia,_Italy" title="Bithia, Italy">Bitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chia_(Sardinia)" title="Chia (Sardinia)">Chia</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B9" title="Cefalù">Cape Melqart (Cefalù)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Drepana" title="Drepana">Drepanum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eryx_(Sicily)" title="Eryx (Sicily)">Eryx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Kapara (Soluntum)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cagliari" title="History of Cagliari">Karaly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Lilybaeum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Motya" title="Motya">Motya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neapolis,_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolis, Sardinia">Neapolis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nora,_Italy" title="Nora, Italy">Nora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Olbia" title="Olbia">Olbia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sulci" title="Sulci">Sulci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antioco" title="Sant'Antioco">Sant'Antioco</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Ṣiṣ (Palermo)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Ampi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Athar (Tripoli)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Birut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Botrys (Teros)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Gebal (Byblos)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Burak" title="Tell el-Burak">Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh"> Porphyreon (Jieh)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarepta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Sur (Tyre)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushu" title="Ushu">Ushu (Palaetyrus)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Amad,_Lebanon" title="Umm al-Amad, Lebanon">Umm al-Amad</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oea" title="Oea">Oyat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sabratha" title="Sabratha">Tsabratan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Maleth (<a href="/wiki/Cospicua" title="Cospicua">Cospicua</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melite_(ancient_city)" title="Melite (ancient city)">Ann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gaulos (Gozo)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C4%A7ajn_Qajjet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Għajn Qajjet (page does not exist)">Għajn Qajjet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mtarfa" title="Mtarfa">Mtarfa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ras_il-Wardija" title="Ras il-Wardija">Ras il-Wardija</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tas-Sil%C4%A1" title="Tas-Silġ">Tas-Silġ</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azama (Azemmour)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Arambys (Mogador)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caricus_Murus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caricus Murus (page does not exist)">Caricus Murus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lixus_(ancient_city)" title="Lixus (ancient city)">Likush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Shalat (Chellah)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamusida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamusida">Tamusida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tingis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingis">Tinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anfa" title="Anfa">Anfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mogador_Island" title="Mogador Island">Mogador</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oualidia" title="Oualidia">Oualidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iulia_Constantia_Zilil" title="Iulia Constantia Zilil">Zilil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Gadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Sala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterium" title="Thymiaterium">Thymiaterium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Rusibis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Portim%C3%A3o" title="Portimão">Portus Hannibalis</a></dd> <dd>Portus Magonis (Portimão)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Olissipona (Lisbon)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Ossonoba (Faro)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(Roman_town)" title="Balsa (Roman town)">Balsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tavira" title="Tavira">Tavira</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Spain" title="Abdera, Spain">Abdera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adra,_Spain" title="Adra, Spain">Adra</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abyla" title="Abyla">Abyla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Gadir (Cadiz)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guardamar_del_Segura" title="Guardamar del Segura">Herna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sa_Caleta_Phoenician_Settlement" title="Sa Caleta Phoenician Settlement">Iboshim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%B3n" title="Mahón">Mahón</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="History of Málaga">Malake</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Onoba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Carthage (Cartagena)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rushadir</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melilla</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saguntum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saguntum">Saguntum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sexi_(Phoenician_colony)" title="Sexi (Phoenician colony)">Sexi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Almunecar" class="mw-redirect" title="Almunecar">Almunecar</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADjola" title="Tíjola">Tagilit (Tíjola)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Los_Toscanos" title="Los Toscanos">Toscanos</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez-M%C3%A1laga" title="Vélez-Málaga">Velez</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peniscola" title="Peniscola">Tyreche</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit">Marat (Amrit)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baniyas" title="Baniyas">Balanaea (Baniyas)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carne,_Phoenicia" title="Carne, Phoenicia">Carne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paltus" title="Paltus">Paltus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Safita" title="Safita">Safita</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sukas" title="Tell Sukas">Shuksi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Kazel" title="Tell Kazel">Sumur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kelibia" title="Kelibia">Aspis (Kelibia)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulla_Regia" title="Bulla Regia">Bulla Regia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hadrumetum" title="Hadrumetum">Hadrumetum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerkouane" title="Kerkouane">Kerkouane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Parva" title="Leptis Parva">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia" title="Monastir, Tunisia">Monastir</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maqom_Hadesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqom Hadesh">Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meninx_(town)" title="Meninx (town)">Meninx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspe" title="Ruspe">Ruspe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspina" title="Ruspina">Ruspina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Kef" title="El Kef">Sicca (El Kef)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tabarka" title="Tabarka">Tabarka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thenae" title="Thenae">Tayinat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyna" title="Thyna">Thyna</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thapsus" title="Thapsus">Thapsus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thysdrus" title="Thysdrus">Thysdrus</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_Djem" title="El Djem">El Djem</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia" title="Utica, Tunisia">Utica</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Myriandus" title="Myriandus">Myriandus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Phoenicus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tahpanhes" title="Tahpanhes">Tahpanhes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/23px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/35px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/45px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/23px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/35px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/46px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/20px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/30px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/39px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/23px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/35px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/45px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="340" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/96px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/128px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_cities_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous cities of Spain">Autonomous cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/45px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Vélez de la Gomera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Autonomous_Community_capitals_of_Spain" title="Template:Autonomous Community capitals of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Autonomous_Community_capitals_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Autonomous Community capitals of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomous_Community_capitals_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomous Community capitals of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Capital of Castile and León">de facto</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Region of Murcia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melilla</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/50px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/75px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/100px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Autonomous cities</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_North_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_North_Africa" title="Template:Countries and territories of North Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_North_Africa" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of North Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_North_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of North Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_North_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories of <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Partially recognized state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"><img alt="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">SADR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a><sup>1</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melilla</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Vélez de la Gomera</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halaib_Triangle" title="Halaib Triangle">Hala'ib Triangle</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Halfa_Salient" title="Wadi Halfa Salient">Wadi Halfa Salient</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Tawil" title="Bir Tawil">Bir Tawil</a><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>/<a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyei" title="Abyei">Abyei</a><sup>6</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafia_Kingi" title="Kafia Kingi">Kafia Kingi</a><sup>6</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aouzou_Strip" title="Aouzou Strip">Aouzou Strip</a><sup>7</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perejil_Island" title="Perejil Island">Perejil</a><sup>8</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><sup>1</sup>Entirely claimed by both Morocco and the <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">SADR</a>.</i> <i><sup>2</sup>Spanish exclaves claimed by Morocco.</i> <i><sup>3</sup>Portuguese archipelago claimed by Spain.</i> <i><sup>4</sup>Disputed between Egypt and the Sudan.</i> <i><sup>5</sup><a href="/wiki/Terra_nullius" title="Terra nullius">Unclaimed territory</a> located between Egypt and the Sudan.</i> <i><sup>6</sup>Disputed between South Sudan and the Sudan.</i> <i><sup>7</sup>Part of Chad, formerly claimed by Libya.</i> <i><sup>8</sup>Disputed between Morocco and Spain</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5831#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5831#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5831#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4313276-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83063610">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450555">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555235805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515734206706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/74bd349c-179d-444b-b816-ec5cdfe789c7">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/lBDxFPZt">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044587">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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