CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Iowa Supreme Court - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"77b3d44a-7f3d-4984-928b-fa17115b507b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Iowa_Supreme_Court","wgTitle":"Iowa Supreme Court","wgCurRevisionId":1255793053,"wgRevisionId":1255793053,"wgArticleId":1189288,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2017","Articles with permanently dead external links","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata","Articles with hCards","Incomplete lists from January 2015","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages using the Kartographer extension", "Iowa state courts","State supreme courts of the United States","1846 establishments in Iowa","Courts and tribunals established in 1846"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Iowa_Supreme_Court","wgRelevantArticleId":1189288,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":41.588273,"lon":-93.601193},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1768233","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg/1200px-Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="735"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg/800px-Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="490"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg/640px-Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="392"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Iowa Supreme Court - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_Supreme_Court"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_Supreme_Court"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Iowa_Supreme_Court rootpage-Iowa_Supreme_Court skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Iowa+Supreme+Court" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Iowa+Supreme+Court" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Iowa+Supreme+Court" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Iowa+Supreme+Court" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Justices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Justices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Justices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Justices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_decisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_decisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable decisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_decisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable decisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_decisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_re_Ralph,_a_colored_man" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_re_Ralph,_a_colored_man"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><i>In re Ralph, a colored man</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_re_Ralph,_a_colored_man-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clark_v._The_Board_of_Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clark_v._The_Board_of_Directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><i>Clark v. The Board of Directors</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clark_v._The_Board_of_Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabella_Mansfield" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabella_Mansfield"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Arabella Mansfield</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabella_Mansfield-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coger_v._The_North_Western_Union_Packet_Co." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coger_v._The_North_Western_Union_Packet_Co."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span><i>Coger v. The North Western Union Packet Co.</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coger_v._The_North_Western_Union_Packet_Co.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varnum_v._Brien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varnum_v._Brien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span><i>Varnum v. Brien</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Varnum_v._Brien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nelson_v._Knight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nelson_v._Knight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span><i>Nelson v. Knight</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nelson_v._Knight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planned_Parenthood_v._Reynolds_(2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planned_Parenthood_v._Reynolds_(2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span><i>Planned Parenthood v. Reynolds</i> (2018)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planned_Parenthood_v._Reynolds_(2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planned_Parenthood_v._Reynolds_(2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planned_Parenthood_v._Reynolds_(2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span><i>Planned Parenthood v. Reynolds</i> (2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planned_Parenthood_v._Reynolds_(2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Iowa Supreme Court</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_Supreme_Court" title="Iowa Supreme Court – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iowa Supreme Court" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1768233#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Supreme_Court" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Iowa_Supreme_Court" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Supreme_Court"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Supreme_Court"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Iowa_Supreme_Court" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Iowa_Supreme_Court" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&oldid=1255793053" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Iowa_Supreme_Court&id=1255793053&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIowa_Supreme_Court"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIowa_Supreme_Court"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1768233" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Iowa_Supreme_Court&params=41.588273_N_93.601193_W_region:US_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°35′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">93°36′04″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.588273°N 93.601193°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.588273; -93.601193</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Highest court in the U.S. state of Iowa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #Ededed;">Iowa Supreme Court</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg/250px-Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg/375px-Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg/500px-Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3417" data-file-height="2094" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Iowa Judicial Branch Building</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_fff4f1e269b2af918d9de3b1e945ac369be1a5e7"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&revid=1255793053&groups=_fff4f1e269b2af918d9de3b1e945ac369be1a5e7" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&revid=1255793053&groups=_fff4f1e269b2af918d9de3b1e945ac369be1a5e7 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1846</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa"><img alt="Iowa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="477" /></a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composition method</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Plan" title="Missouri Plan">Missouri Plan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authorized by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Constitution">Iowa Constitution</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">Appeals to</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judge term length</th><td class="infobox-data">8 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of positions</th><td class="infobox-data">7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iowacourts.gov/About_the_Courts/Supreme_Court/">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #Ededed;">Chief Justice</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Christensen" title="Susan Christensen">Susan Christensen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Since</th><td class="infobox-data">February 24, 2020</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Iowa Supreme Court</b> is the <a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">highest court</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>. The Court is composed of a chief justice and six associate justices. </p><p>The Court holds its regular sessions in <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a> in the Iowa Judicial Branch Building located at 1111 East Court Avenue on the state Capitol grounds, south of the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Capitol" title="Iowa State Capitol">Iowa State Capitol</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1846, Iowa became the 29th state to join the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Following the constitution of the Federal government, the powers of the government in Iowa were divided into the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. The <a href="/wiki/Iowa_General_Assembly" title="Iowa General Assembly">Iowa General Assembly</a> divided the state into four judicial districts, and Supreme Court justices were to serve six year terms, while district judges were elected for five year terms. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iowa" title="Constitution of Iowa">Constitution of Iowa</a> of 1857 increased the number of judicial districts to 11, and allowed the General Assembly to reorganize districts after 1860 and every four years thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions">Functions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Supreme Court of Iowa is an <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">appellate court</a>. An appellate court reviews decisions of trial courts in which appeals have been allowed. An appellate court does not preside over trials. Appellate court hearings do not involve witnesses, juries, new evidence, or court reporters. Instead, an appellate court reviews the written record of the trial court to determine whether any significant legal errors occurred </p><p>The seven-member Supreme Court of Iowa has many important responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The Court is the "court of last resort" or the highest court in the Iowa state court system. Its opinions are binding on all other Iowa state courts.</li> <li>The Iowa Supreme Court has the sole power to admit persons to practice as attorneys in the courts of Iowa, to prescribe rules to supervise attorney conduct, and to discipline attorneys.</li> <li>The Court is responsible for promulgating rules of procedure and practice used throughout the state courts.</li> <li>The Supreme Court has supervisory and administrative control over the judicial branch and over all judicial officers and court employees.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Justices">Justices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Justices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Iowa_Supreme_Court" title="List of justices of the Iowa Supreme Court">List of justices of the Iowa Supreme Court</a></div> <p>Justices are appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Iowa">governor</a> from a list of nominees submitted by the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Plan" title="Missouri Plan">State Judicial Nominating Commission</a>. A justice serves an initial term consisting of one year plus whatever time remains until the January 1st following the next judicial <a href="/wiki/Retention_election" title="Retention election">retention election</a> after the expiration of the one year period.<sup id="cite_ref-Schulte_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schulte-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ouster_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ouster-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regular term of office of justices retained at election is eight years. A justice must retire upon reaching the age of 72. The justices elect the chief justice. Terms end on December 31 of the year listed. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Justice </th> <th>Born </th> <th>Joined </th> <th>Term ends </th> <th>Mandatory retirement </th> <th>Appointed by </th> <th>Law school </th></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Christensen, Susan"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Christensen" title="Susan Christensen">Susan Christensen</a></span></span></span>, <i>Chief Justice</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1962-04-27</span>) </span>April 27, 1962<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 62)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002018-09-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 21, 2018</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2028 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002034-04-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 27, 2034</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Reynolds" title="Kim Reynolds">Kim Reynolds</a> (R) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Creighton_University_School_of_Law" title="Creighton University School of Law">Creighton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Mansfield, Edward"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mansfield_(judge)" title="Edward Mansfield (judge)">Edward Mansfield</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1957-01-12</span>) </span>January 12, 1957<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 67)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002011-02-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 23, 2011</span> </td> <td>2028 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002029-01-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 12, 2029</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Terry_Branstad" title="Terry Branstad">Terry Branstad</a> (R) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Waterman, Thomas D."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Waterman" title="Thomas D. Waterman">Thomas D. Waterman</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>1959 (age 64–65) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002011-02-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 23, 2011</span> </td> <td>2028 </td> <td>2031 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Terry_Branstad" title="Terry Branstad">Terry Branstad</a> (R) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa_College_of_Law" title="University of Iowa College of Law">Iowa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="McDonald, Christopher"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_McDonald_(jurist)" title="Christopher McDonald (jurist)">Christopher McDonald</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1974-09-17</span>) </span>September 17, 1974<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 50)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002019-02-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 20, 2019</span> </td> <td>2028 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002046-09-17-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 17, 2046</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Reynolds" title="Kim Reynolds">Kim Reynolds</a> (R) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa_College_of_Law" title="University of Iowa College of Law">Iowa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Oxley, Dana"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dana_Oxley" title="Dana Oxley">Dana Oxley</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1967-12-27</span>) </span>December 27, 1967<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 56)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002020-01-29-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 29, 2020</span> </td> <td>2030 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002039-12-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 27, 2039</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Reynolds" title="Kim Reynolds">Kim Reynolds</a> (R) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa_College_of_Law" title="University of Iowa College of Law">Iowa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="McDermott, Matthew"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_McDermott" title="Matthew McDermott">Matthew McDermott</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1977-11-22</span>) </span>November 22, 1977<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 47)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002020-04-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 3, 2020</span> </td> <td>2030 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002049-11-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 22, 2049</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Reynolds" title="Kim Reynolds">Kim Reynolds</a> (R) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley_School_of_Law" title="UC Berkeley School of Law">UC Berkeley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="May, David N."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_N._May" title="David N. May">David N. May</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1971-05-23</span>) </span>May 23, 1971<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 53)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-07-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 27, 2022</span> </td> <td>2032 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002043-05-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 23, 2043</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Reynolds" title="Kim Reynolds">Kim Reynolds</a> (R) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Drake_University_Law_School" title="Drake University Law School">Drake</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Became Chief Justice on February 24, 2020.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_decisions">Notable decisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable decisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_re_Ralph,_a_colored_man"><span id="In_re_Ralph.2C_a_colored_man"></span><i>In re Ralph, a colored man</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In re Ralph, a colored man"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>In re Ralph, a colored man</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> July 4, 1839 was the first reported decision in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Iowa, a federal court with jurisdiction similar to that the Iowa Supreme Court would eventually hold when Iowa achieved statehood. It was decided twenty six years before the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment</a>, eighteen years before <a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford"><i>Dred Scott</i></a>, and seven years before Iowa was granted statehood. A black man from Missouri, Ralph, was allowed to travel to Iowa to work, in an attempt to purchase his freedom. When Ralph could not obtain the amount needed, the slave owner sent bounty hunters to return Ralph to Missouri. The opinion denied the slave owner while giving Ralph his freedom, expounding that the law "extend[s] equal protection to men of all colors and conditions".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clark_v._The_Board_of_Directors"><i><a href="/wiki/Clark_v._Board_of_School_Directors" title="Clark v. Board of School Directors">Clark v. The Board of Directors</a></i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Clark v. The Board of Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1868, the Iowa Supreme Court decided <i><a href="/wiki/Clark_v._Board_of_School_Directors" title="Clark v. Board of School Directors">Clark v. Board of School Directors</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ruling that racially segregated "<a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">separate but equal</a>" schools had no place in Iowa, 86 years before the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> reached the same decision.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arabella_Mansfield">Arabella Mansfield</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arabella Mansfield"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1869, Iowa became the first state in the union to admit women to the practice of law, with the Court ruling that women may not be denied the right to practice law in Iowa and admitting <a href="/wiki/Arabella_Mansfield" title="Arabella Mansfield">Arabella Mansfield</a> to the practice of law.<sup id="cite_ref-civil_rights_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civil_rights-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coger_v._The_North_Western_Union_Packet_Co."><i>Coger v. The North Western Union Packet Co.</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Coger v. The North Western Union Packet Co."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Court heard <i>Coger v. The North Western Union Packet Co.</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1873, ruling against <a href="/wiki/Racial_discrimination" title="Racial discrimination">racial discrimination</a> in public accommodations 91 years before the U.S. Supreme Court reached the same decision.<sup id="cite_ref-civil_rights_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civil_rights-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Varnum_v._Brien"><i><a href="/wiki/Varnum_v._Brien" title="Varnum v. Brien">Varnum v. Brien</a></i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Varnum v. Brien"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 3, 2009, in <i><a href="/wiki/Varnum_v._Brien" title="Varnum v. Brien">Varnum v. Brien</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Iowa Supreme Court unanimously struck down a statutory <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> ban as unconstitutional, joining the highest judicial bodies of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Supreme_Court" title="Connecticut Supreme Court">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_State_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii State Supreme Court">Hawaii</a> as the fifth court to rule for the right of same-sex marriage under the state constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the next judicial retention election in 2010, voters removed all three justices facing a retention vote.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first time any Iowa Supreme Court justice had been removed by voters.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Marsha_Ternus" title="Marsha Ternus">Marsha Ternus</a>, Justice <a href="/wiki/Michael_Streit" title="Michael Streit">Michael Streit</a>, and Justice <a href="/wiki/David_L._Baker" title="David L. Baker">David L. Baker</a> each received support from 45% or less of voters.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nelson_v._Knight"><i>Nelson v. Knight</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nelson v. Knight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marissa Nelson, a dental assistant, filed suit against her former employer Dr. James Knight, who terminated her employment at the insistence of his wife. Nelson had previously been texting Knight about personal matters outside work. On December 21, 2012, the court issued a 7-0 decision siding with Knight. The opinion, authored by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mansfield_(judge)" title="Edward Mansfield (judge)">Edward Mansfield</a>, held that the termination of Nelson's employment did not constitute unlawful sex discrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planned_Parenthood_v._Reynolds_(2018)"><span id="Planned_Parenthood_v._Reynolds_.282018.29"></span><i>Planned Parenthood v. Reynolds</i> (2018)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Planned Parenthood v. Reynolds (2018)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Court heard arguments in a lawsuit brought against the state of Iowa and the Iowa Board of Medicine by <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a> and Dr. Jill Meadows regarding a 72-hour <a href="/wiki/Waiting_period" title="Waiting period">waiting period</a> to receive an abortion enacted by the state legislature and signed into law by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Branstad" title="Terry Branstad">Governor Terry Branstad</a> in 2017. The Court decided in a 5-2 majority opinion, authored by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Cady" title="Mark Cady">Chief Justice Mark Cady</a>, that the waiting period violated the due process and equal protection clauses of the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Constitution">Iowa Constitution</a> because its restrictions "are not narrowly tailored to serve a compelling interest of the state." Justice Cady argued that the state can inform women about abortion, including providing information about adoption, but that a 72-hour waiting period does not serve this interest sufficiently narrowly and imposes an undue burden on Iowan women.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planned_Parenthood_v._Reynolds_(2022)"><span id="Planned_Parenthood_v._Reynolds_.282022.29"></span><i>Planned Parenthood v. Reynolds</i> (2022)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Planned Parenthood v. Reynolds (2022)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2022, the Court, in a 5–2 vote, found that the Iowa Constitution did not protect a right to an abortion, overruling its 2018 decision. The Court upheld a law establishing a 24-hour waiting period.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="477" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iowa" title="Portal:Iowa">Iowa portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Iowa" title="Courts of Iowa">Courts of Iowa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iowacourts.gov/Public_Information/Iowa_Courts_History/Early_History/">Iowa Supreme Court: History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528122502/http://www.iowacourts.gov/Public_Information/Iowa_Courts_History/Early_History/">Archived</a> 2010-05-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iowacourts.gov/Supreme_Court/">National Center for State Courts. Iowa Judicial Branch.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090617051409/http://www.iowacourts.gov/Supreme_Court/">Archived</a> 2009-06-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schulte-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schulte_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchulte2011" class="citation news cs1">Schulte, Grant (January 14, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20110114/NEWS/101140351">"High court's four justices get back to hearing cases"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Des_Moines_Register" title="The Des Moines Register">The Des Moines Register</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=High+court%27s+four+justices+get+back+to+hearing+cases&rft.date=2011-01-14&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.desmoinesregister.com%2Farticle%2F20110114%2FNEWS%2F101140351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ouster-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ouster_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSulzberger2010" class="citation news cs1">Sulzberger, A. G. (November 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/04/us/politics/04judges.html">"Ouster of Iowa Judges Sends Signal to Bench"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ouster+of+Iowa+Judges+Sends+Signal+to+Bench&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft.aulast=Sulzberger&rft.aufirst=A.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F04%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F04judges.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In re Ralph, 1 Morris 1 (1839)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In re Ralph, 1 Morris 1, 7 (1839)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">24 Iowa 266 (1868)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongden" class="citation web cs1">Longden, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150203064233/http://data.desmoinesregister.com/famous-iowans/alexander-g-clark">"Alexander G. Clark"</a>. <i>Data Central</i>. Des Moines Register. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.desmoinesregister.com/famous-iowans/alexander-g-clark">the original</a> on February 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Data+Central&rft.atitle=Alexander+G.+Clark&rft.aulast=Longden&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.desmoinesregister.com%2Ffamous-iowans%2Falexander-g-clark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-civil_rights-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-civil_rights_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-civil_rights_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200113040442/https://www.iowacourts.gov/for-the-public/iowa-courts-history/civil-rights">"Civil Rights"</a>. <i>Iowa Judicial Branch</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iowacourts.gov/for-the-public/iowa-courts-history/civil-rights">the original</a> on January 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iowa+Judicial+Branch&rft.atitle=Civil+Rights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iowacourts.gov%2Ffor-the-public%2Fiowa-courts-history%2Fcivil-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">37 Iowa 145 (1873)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">763 <a href="/wiki/N.W.2d" class="mw-redirect" title="N.W.2d">N.W.2d</a> 862 (Iowa 2009);WL 874044 (Iowa 2009) </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckhoffSchulte2009" class="citation news cs1">Eckhoff, Jeff; Schulte, Grant (April 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120629165642/http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20090403/NEWS/90403010">"Unanimous ruling: Iowa marriage no longer limited to one man, one woman"</a>. <i>The Des Moines Register</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20090403/NEWS/90403010">the original</a> on June 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=Unanimous+ruling%3A+Iowa+marriage+no+longer+limited+to+one+man%2C+one+woman&rft.date=2009-04-03&rft.aulast=Eckhoff&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Schulte%2C+Grant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.desmoinesregister.com%2Farticle%2F20090403%2FNEWS%2F90403010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA.G._Sulzberger2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._G._Sulzberger" title="A. G. Sulzberger">A.G. Sulzberger</a> (3 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/04/us/politics/04judges.html?_r=0">"Ouster of Iowa Judges Sends Signal to Bench"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. A1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ouster+of+Iowa+Judges+Sends+Signal+to+Bench&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft.au=A.G.+Sulzberger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F04%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F04judges.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson v. Knight, No. 11-1857 (Iowa Dec. 21, 2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABA-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABA_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBible2013" class="citation news cs1">Bible, Jon (30 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanbar.org/groups/business_law/publications/blt/2013/06/keeping_current/">"KEEPING CURRENT: Nelson v. Knight: Can a Worker Be Fired for Being Too Irresistible?"</a>. <i>Business Law Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Law+Today&rft.atitle=KEEPING+CURRENT%3A+Nelson+v.+Knight%3A+Can+a+Worker+Be+Fired+for+Being+Too+Irresistible%3F&rft.date=2013-06-30&rft.aulast=Bible&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanbar.org%2Fgroups%2Fbusiness_law%2Fpublications%2Fblt%2F2013%2F06%2Fkeeping_current%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeysGruber-Miller2018" class="citation news cs1">Leys, Tony; Gruber-Miller, Stephen (29 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/health/2018/06/29/abortion-iowa-supreme-court-planned-parenthood-72-hour-waiting-period-american-civil-liberties-union/745068002/">"Iowa Supreme Court rejects law requiring a 72 hour abortion waiting period"</a>. <i>Des Moines Register</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=Iowa+Supreme+Court+rejects+law+requiring+a+72+hour+abortion+waiting+period&rft.date=2018-06-29&rft.aulast=Leys&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Gruber-Miller%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.desmoinesregister.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fhealth%2F2018%2F06%2F29%2Fabortion-iowa-supreme-court-planned-parenthood-72-hour-waiting-period-american-civil-liberties-union%2F745068002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/iowa-abortion-not-protected-state-constitution-court-ruling/#app">"Iowa Supreme Court rules abortion is not protected by state constitution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. June 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Iowa+Supreme+Court+rules+abortion+is+not+protected+by+state+constitution&rft.date=2022-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fiowa-abortion-not-protected-state-constitution-court-ruling%2F%23app&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitt2022" class="citation web cs1">Pitt, David (June 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/abortion-health-iowa-supreme-court-government-and-politics-0074e14defa4a6699e65d921f0edbc58">"Iowa Supreme Court: Abortion not fundamental right in state"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Iowa+Supreme+Court%3A+Abortion+not+fundamental+right+in+state&rft.date=2022-06-17&rft.aulast=Pitt&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fabortion-health-iowa-supreme-court-government-and-politics-0074e14defa4a6699e65d921f0edbc58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkinMorris2022" class="citation web cs1">Akin, Katie; Morris, Willian (June 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2022/06/17/iowa-supreme-court-abortion-law-ruling-planned-parenthood-kim-reynolds/7646049001/">"Iowa Supreme Court says fundamental right to abortion not guaranteed under state constitution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Des_Moines_Register" title="The Des Moines Register">The Des Moines Register</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=Iowa+Supreme+Court+says+fundamental+right+to+abortion+not+guaranteed+under+state+constitution&rft.date=2022-06-17&rft.aulast=Akin&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft.au=Morris%2C+Willian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.desmoinesregister.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2022%2F06%2F17%2Fiowa-supreme-court-abortion-law-ruling-planned-parenthood-kim-reynolds%2F7646049001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+Supreme+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iowacourts.gov/About_the_Courts/Supreme_Court/">Iowa Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iowacourts.gov/About_the_Courts/Supreme_Court/Supreme_Court_Justices/">Iowa Supreme Court Justices</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Iowa_Supreme_Court&params=41.588273_N_93.601193_W_region:US_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°35′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">93°36′04″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.588273°N 93.601193°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.588273; -93.601193</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Iowa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iowa" title="Template:Iowa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iowa" title="Template talk:Iowa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iowa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iowa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Iowa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Iowa" title="Outline of Iowa">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Iowa" title="Archaeology of Iowa">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iowa_area_codes" title="List of Iowa area codes">Area codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Iowa" title="Attorney General of Iowa">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Auditor" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa State Auditor">Auditor of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Capitol" title="Iowa State Capitol">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Iowa" title="Climate change in Iowa">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Iowa" title="Code of Iowa">Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa%27s_congressional_districts" title="Iowa's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Iowa" title="Crime in Iowa">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Iowa" title="United States congressional delegations from Iowa">Delegations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iowa" title="Elections in Iowa">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">Caucuses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Iowa" title="Environment of Iowa">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Iowa" title="Flag of Iowa">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Iowa" title="List of governors of Iowa">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Iowa" title="Gun laws in Iowa">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iowa" title="History of Iowa">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Iowa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Iowa">Historic Places</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Iowa-related_articles" title="Index of Iowa-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_General_Assembly" title="Iowa General Assembly">Legislature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_House_of_Representatives" title="Iowa House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Senate" title="Iowa Senate">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Iowa">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Iowa" title="List of museums in Iowa">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Iowa" title="List of people from Iowa">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_tribes_in_Iowa" title="Native American tribes in Iowa">Native Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Iowa" title="Political party strength in Iowa">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_Party" title="Iowa Democratic Party">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Iowa" title="Libertarian Party of Iowa">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Iowa" title="Republican Party of Iowa">Republican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Iowa" title="Seal of Iowa">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Agriculture_of_Iowa" title="Secretary of Agriculture of Iowa">Secretary of Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Iowa" title="Secretary of State of Iowa">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iowa_state_parks" title="List of Iowa state parks">State Parks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iowa_state_symbols" title="List of Iowa state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_Iowa" title="Treasurer of Iowa">Treasurer of State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iowa" title="Geography of Iowa">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coteau_des_Prairies" title="Coteau des Prairies">Coteau des Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_metropolitan_area" title="Des Moines metropolitan area">Des Moines metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissected_Till_Plains" title="Dissected Till Plains">Dissected Till Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driftless_Area" title="Driftless Area">Driftless Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_River_Road" title="Great River Road">Great River Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_War" title="Honey War">Honey Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Great_Lakes" title="Iowa Great Lakes">Iowa Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loess_Hills" title="Loess Hills">Loess Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha%E2%80%93Council_Bluffs_metropolitan_area" title="Omaha–Council Bluffs metropolitan area">Omaha–Council Bluffs metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities" title="Quad Cities">Quad Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siouxland" title="Siouxland">Siouxland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Iowa_cities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest Iowa cities by population">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ames,_Iowa" title="Ames, Iowa">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankeny,_Iowa" title="Ankeny, Iowa">Ankeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettendorf,_Iowa" title="Bettendorf, Iowa">Bettendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Iowa" title="Burlington, Iowa">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Falls,_Iowa" title="Cedar Falls, Iowa">Cedar Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Rapids,_Iowa" title="Cedar Rapids, Iowa">Cedar Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Iowa" title="Clinton, Iowa">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_Bluffs,_Iowa" title="Council Bluffs, Iowa">Council Bluffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa" title="Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa" title="Dubuque, Iowa">Dubuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa" title="Fort Dodge, Iowa">Fort Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_City,_Iowa" title="Iowa City, Iowa">Iowa City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Iowa" title="Marion, Iowa">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshalltown,_Iowa" title="Marshalltown, Iowa">Marshalltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_City,_Iowa" title="Mason City, Iowa">Mason City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscatine,_Iowa" title="Muscatine, Iowa">Muscatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottumwa,_Iowa" title="Ottumwa, Iowa">Ottumwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_City,_Iowa" title="Sioux City, Iowa">Sioux City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbandale,_Iowa" title="Urbandale, Iowa">Urbandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Iowa" title="Waterloo, Iowa">Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="West Des Moines, Iowa">West Des Moines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Iowa" title="List of counties in Iowa">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adair_County,_Iowa" title="Adair County, Iowa">Adair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Iowa" title="Adams County, Iowa">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allamakee_County,_Iowa" title="Allamakee County, Iowa">Allamakee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appanoose_County,_Iowa" title="Appanoose County, Iowa">Appanoose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audubon_County,_Iowa" title="Audubon County, Iowa">Audubon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_County,_Iowa" title="Benton County, Iowa">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_County,_Iowa" title="Black Hawk County, Iowa">Black Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boone_County,_Iowa" title="Boone County, Iowa">Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremer_County,_Iowa" title="Bremer County, Iowa">Bremer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanan_County,_Iowa" title="Buchanan County, Iowa">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista_County,_Iowa" title="Buena Vista County, Iowa">Buena Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Iowa" title="Butler County, Iowa">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Iowa" title="Calhoun County, Iowa">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Iowa" title="Carroll County, Iowa">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_County,_Iowa" title="Cass County, Iowa">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_County,_Iowa" title="Cedar County, Iowa">Cedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Gordo_County,_Iowa" title="Cerro Gordo County, Iowa">Cerro Gordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_County,_Iowa" title="Cherokee County, Iowa">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_County,_Iowa" title="Chickasaw County, Iowa">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Iowa" title="Clarke County, Iowa">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Iowa" title="Clay County, Iowa">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_County,_Iowa" title="Clayton County, Iowa">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Iowa" title="Clinton County, Iowa">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Iowa" title="Crawford County, Iowa">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_County,_Iowa" title="Dallas County, Iowa">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_County,_Iowa" title="Davis County, Iowa">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur_County,_Iowa" title="Decatur County, Iowa">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_Iowa" title="Delaware County, Iowa">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_County,_Iowa" title="Des Moines County, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_County,_Iowa" title="Dickinson County, Iowa">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubuque_County,_Iowa" title="Dubuque County, Iowa">Dubuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmet_County,_Iowa" title="Emmet County, Iowa">Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Iowa" title="Fayette County, Iowa">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_County,_Iowa" title="Floyd County, Iowa">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Iowa" title="Franklin County, Iowa">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_County,_Iowa" title="Fremont County, Iowa">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Iowa" title="Greene County, Iowa">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundy_County,_Iowa" title="Grundy County, Iowa">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthrie_County,_Iowa" title="Guthrie County, Iowa">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Iowa" title="Hamilton County, Iowa">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Iowa" title="Hancock County, Iowa">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Iowa" title="Hardin County, Iowa">Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Iowa" title="Harrison County, Iowa">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Iowa" title="Henry County, Iowa">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_County,_Iowa" title="Howard County, Iowa">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_Iowa" title="Humboldt County, Iowa">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_County,_Iowa" title="Ida County, Iowa">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_County,_Iowa" title="Iowa County, Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Iowa" title="Jackson County, Iowa">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Iowa" title="Jasper County, Iowa">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Iowa" title="Jefferson County, Iowa">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Iowa" title="Johnson County, Iowa">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_County,_Iowa" title="Jones County, Iowa">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keokuk_County,_Iowa" title="Keokuk County, Iowa">Keokuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kossuth_County,_Iowa" title="Kossuth County, Iowa">Kossuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Iowa" title="Lee County, Iowa">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_County,_Iowa" title="Linn County, Iowa">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_County,_Iowa" title="Louisa County, Iowa">Louisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_County,_Iowa" title="Lucas County, Iowa">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon_County,_Iowa" title="Lyon County, Iowa">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Iowa" title="Madison County, Iowa">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahaska_County,_Iowa" title="Mahaska County, Iowa">Mahaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Iowa" title="Marion County, Iowa">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Iowa" title="Marshall County, Iowa">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mills_County,_Iowa" title="Mills County, Iowa">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_County,_Iowa" title="Mitchell County, Iowa">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monona_County,_Iowa" title="Monona County, Iowa">Monona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Iowa" title="Monroe County, Iowa">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Iowa" title="Montgomery County, Iowa">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscatine_County,_Iowa" title="Muscatine County, Iowa">Muscatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Brien_County,_Iowa" title="O'Brien County, Iowa">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osceola_County,_Iowa" title="Osceola County, Iowa">Osceola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_County,_Iowa" title="Page County, Iowa">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_County,_Iowa" title="Palo Alto County, Iowa">Palo Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_County,_Iowa" title="Plymouth County, Iowa">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas_County,_Iowa" title="Pocahontas County, Iowa">Pocahontas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Polk County, Iowa">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottawattamie_County,_Iowa" title="Pottawattamie County, Iowa">Pottawattamie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poweshiek_County,_Iowa" title="Poweshiek County, Iowa">Poweshiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringgold_County,_Iowa" title="Ringgold County, Iowa">Ringgold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sac_County,_Iowa" title="Sac County, Iowa">Sac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Iowa" title="Scott County, Iowa">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Iowa" title="Shelby County, Iowa">Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_County,_Iowa" title="Sioux County, Iowa">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_County,_Iowa" title="Story County, Iowa">Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tama_County,_Iowa" title="Tama County, Iowa">Tama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Iowa" title="Taylor County, Iowa">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Iowa" title="Union County, Iowa">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Buren_County,_Iowa" title="Van Buren County, Iowa">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapello_County,_Iowa" title="Wapello County, Iowa">Wapello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Warren County, Iowa">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Iowa" title="Washington County, Iowa">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Iowa" title="Wayne County, Iowa">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_County,_Iowa" title="Webster County, Iowa">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_County,_Iowa" title="Winnebago County, Iowa">Winnebago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winneshiek_County,_Iowa" title="Winneshiek County, Iowa">Winneshiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbury_County,_Iowa" title="Woodbury County, Iowa">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worth_County,_Iowa" title="Worth County, Iowa">Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_County,_Iowa" title="Wright County, Iowa">Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="477" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iowa" title="Portal:Iowa">Iowa portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Highest_judicial_bodies_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_judiciaries" title="Template:United States judiciaries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_judiciaries" title="Template talk:United States judiciaries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_judiciaries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States judiciaries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Highest_judicial_bodies_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">Highest judicial bodies</a> in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Federal courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">State supreme courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Alabama" title="Supreme Court of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Supreme_Court" title="Alaska Supreme Court">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Supreme_Court" title="Arizona Supreme Court">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Supreme_Court" title="Arkansas Supreme Court">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Supreme_Court" title="Colorado Supreme Court">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Supreme_Court" title="Connecticut Supreme Court">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Supreme_Court" title="Delaware Supreme Court">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Florida" title="Supreme Court of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Hawaii" title="Supreme Court of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Supreme_Court" title="Idaho Supreme Court">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Illinois" title="Supreme Court of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Supreme_Court" title="Indiana Supreme Court">Indiana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Supreme_Court" title="Kansas Supreme Court">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Supreme_Court" title="Kentucky Supreme Court">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Supreme_Court" title="Louisiana Supreme Court">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Maine Supreme Judicial Court">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Maryland" title="Supreme Court of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Supreme_Court" title="Michigan Supreme Court">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Supreme_Court" title="Minnesota Supreme Court">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi" title="Supreme Court of Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Missouri" title="Supreme Court of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Supreme_Court" title="Montana Supreme Court">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Supreme_Court" title="Nebraska Supreme Court">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Nevada" title="Supreme Court of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Supreme_Court" title="New Hampshire Supreme Court">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Jersey" title="Supreme Court of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Supreme_Court" title="New Mexico Supreme Court">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Supreme_Court" title="North Carolina Supreme Court">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Supreme_Court" title="North Dakota Supreme Court">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ohio" title="Supreme Court of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li>Oklahoma <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Supreme_Court" title="Oklahoma Supreme Court">civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals">criminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Supreme_Court" title="Oregon Supreme Court">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pennsylvania" title="Supreme Court of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Supreme_Court" title="Rhode Island Supreme Court">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Supreme_Court" title="South Carolina Supreme Court">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Supreme_Court" title="South Dakota Supreme Court">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Supreme_Court" title="Tennessee Supreme Court">Tennessee</a></li> <li>Texas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Texas" title="Supreme Court of Texas">civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Texas Court of Criminal Appeals">criminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Supreme_Court" title="Utah Supreme Court">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="Vermont Supreme Court">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Virginia" title="Supreme Court of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Supreme_Court" title="Washington Supreme Court">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Appeals_of_West_Virginia" title="Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Supreme_Court" title="Wyoming Supreme Court">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a> supreme courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_American_Samoa" title="High Court of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Court_of_Appeals" title="District of Columbia Court of Appeals">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Guam" title="Supreme Court of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Supreme_Court" title="Northern Mariana Islands Supreme Court">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Supreme Court of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Supreme Court of the Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Canal_Zone" title="United States District Court for the Canal Zone">Panama Canal Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines#American_period" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Philippine Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Complete list</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_courts_of_the_United_States" title="List of courts of the United States">Courts of the United States</a> (federal and state, all levels)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1768233#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79138985">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007378966905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&oldid=1255793053">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&oldid=1255793053</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iowa_state_courts" title="Category:Iowa state courts">Iowa state courts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:State_supreme_courts_of_the_United_States" title="Category:State supreme courts of the United States">State supreme courts of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1846_establishments_in_Iowa" title="Category:1846 establishments in Iowa">1846 establishments in Iowa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Courts_and_tribunals_established_in_1846" title="Category:Courts and tribunals established in 1846">Courts and tribunals established in 1846</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2017">Articles with dead external links from September 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata">Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Incomplete_lists_from_January_2015" title="Category:Incomplete lists from January 2015">Incomplete lists from January 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 November 2024, at 18:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Supreme_Court&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-bndbt","wgBackendResponseTime":141,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_fff4f1e269b2af918d9de3b1e945ac369be1a5e7":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1768233","properties":{"title":"Iowa Supreme Court","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1768233","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Iowa Supreme Court"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-93.601193,41.588273],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"title":"Iowa Supreme Court","marker-color":"#5E74F3"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.818","walltime":"1.032","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3175,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":91720,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10435,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":72051,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 896.455 1 -total"," 29.19% 261.641 2 Template:Reflist"," 16.88% 151.335 6 Template:Cite_news"," 14.46% 129.614 1 Template:Iowa"," 14.18% 127.159 1 Template:US_state_navigation_box"," 12.87% 115.345 1 Template:Infobox_high_court"," 12.07% 108.237 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.90% 88.741 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.71% 69.155 1 Template:Expand_list"," 6.34% 56.814 6 Template:Birth_date_and_age"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.478","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7740697,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-r6c9v","timestamp":"20241122143409","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Iowa Supreme Court","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iowa_Supreme_Court","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1768233","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1768233","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-11-20T01:37:02Z","dateModified":"2024-11-06T18:23:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9e\/Iowa_Supreme_Court.jpg","headline":"the highest court in the U.S. state of Iowa"}</script> </body> </html>