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<div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ana menü" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ana menü</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ana menü</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gezinti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfayı ziyaret et [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Anasayfa</span></a></li><li id="n-Hakkımızda" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Hakk%C4%B1nda"><span>Hakkımızda</span></a></li><li id="n-İçindekiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:G%C3%B6z_at"><span>İçindekiler</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Rastgele" title="Rastgele bir sayfaya gidin [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rastgele madde</span></a></li><li id="n-Seçkin-içerik" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Se%C3%A7kin_i%C3%A7erik"><span>Seçkin içerik</span></a></li><li id="n-Yakınımdakiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Yak%C4%B1n%C4%B1mdakiler"><span>Yakınımdakiler</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Katılım" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Katılım" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Katılım </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-sandbox" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Deneme_tahtas%C4%B1"><span>Deneme tahtası</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:K%C3%B6y_%C3%A7e%C5%9Fmesi" title="Güncel olaylarla ilgili son bilgiler"><span>Köy çeşmesi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SonDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler" title="Vikide yapılmış son değişikliklerin listesi [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Son değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Y%C3%BCkle"><span>Dosya yükle</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Topluluk_portali" title="Proje hakkında, neler yapabilirsiniz, ne nerededir"><span>Topluluk portali</span></a></li><li id="n-shop-text" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//shop.wikimedia.org"><span>Wikimedia dükkânı</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:%C4%B0%C3%A7indekiler" title="Yardım almak için"><span>Yardım</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-tr.svg" style="width: 6.6875em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Özgür Ansiklopedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tr.svg" width="104" height="13" style="width: 6.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Ara" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Vikipedi içinde ara [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ara</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" aria-label="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipedi içinde ara [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Özel:Ara"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ara</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Kişisel araçlar"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Sayfanın yazı tipi boyutunun, genişliğinin ve renginin görünümünü değiştirin" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Görünüm" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Görünüm</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr" class=""><span>Bağış yapın</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Eteneliler" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir" class=""><span>Hesap oluştur</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Eteneliler" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oturum aç</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kişisel araçlar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kişisel araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kullanıcı menüsü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr"><span>Bağış yapın</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Eteneliler" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Eteneliler" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Oturum aç</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çıkış yapmış editörler için sayfalar <a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Giri%C5%9F" aria-label="Değişiklik yapma hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin"><span>daha fazla bilgi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomik_farklılıklar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomik_farklılıklar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Anatomik farklılıklar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anatomik_farklılıklar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evrimsel_tarih" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evrimsel_tarih"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Evrimsel tarih</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evrimsel_tarih-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sınıflandırma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sınıflandırma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sınıflandırma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sınıflandırma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filogeni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filogeni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Filogeni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filogeni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Eteneliler</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 62 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6here_S%C3%A4ugetiere" title="Höhere Säugetiere - İsviçre Almancası" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Höhere Säugetiere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="İsviçre Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - Aragonca" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مشيميات - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشيميات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="پلاسينتاليا - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پلاسينتاليا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasental%C4%B1lar" title="Plasentalılar - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Plasentalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Плаценталылар - Başkırtça" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Плаценталылар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Başkırtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Плацэнтарныя - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Плацэнтарныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Пляцэнтарныя - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пляцэнтарныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Плацентни - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плацентни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentni_sisari" title="Placentni sisari - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Placentni sisari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentaris" title="Placentaris - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Placentaris" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placent%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" title="Placentálové - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Placentálové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Плаценталлисем - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Плаценталлисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentale_pattedyr" title="Placentale pattedyr - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Placentale pattedyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6here_S%C3%A4ugetiere" title="Höhere Säugetiere - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Höhere Säugetiere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentuloj" title="Placentuloj - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Placentuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جفت‌داران - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جفت‌داران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istukkanis%C3%A4kk%C3%A4%C3%A4t" title="Istukkanisäkkäät - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Istukkanisäkkäät" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huuger_Tetjdiarten" title="Huuger Tetjdiarten - Kuzey Frizce" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Huuger Tetjdiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Frizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentarios" title="Placentarios - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Placentarios" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שלייניים - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שלייניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%A1i_sisavci" title="Viši sisavci - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Viši sisavci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamif%C3%A8_plasent%C3%A8" title="Mamifè plasentè - Haiti Kreyolu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mamifè plasentè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti Kreyolu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9hlep%C3%A9nyesek" title="Méhlepényesek - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Méhlepényesek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ընկերքավորներ - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ընկերքավորներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentarios" title="Placentarios - İnterlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Placentarios" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="İnterlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%83%8E%E7%9B%A4%E9%A1%9E" title="有胎盤類 - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有胎盤類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ұрықжолдастылар - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұрықжолдастылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%83%9C%EB%B0%98%EB%A5%98" title="유태반류 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유태반류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guhandar%C3%AA_rast" title="Guhandarê rast - Kürtçe" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guhandarê rast" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жогорку даражадагы айбандар - Kırgızca" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жогорку даражадагы айбандар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kırgızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - Lüksemburgca" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lüksemburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasental" title="Plasental - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Plasental" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderkookbie%C3%ABster" title="Moderkookbieëster - Limburgca" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Moderkookbieëster" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - Ligurca" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placent%C4%81%C4%BCi" title="Placentāļi - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Placentāļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Вистински цицачи - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вистински цицачи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentadieren" title="Placentadieren - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Placentadieren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentale_pattedyr" title="Placentale pattedyr - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Placentale pattedyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentale_pattedyr" title="Placentale pattedyr - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Placentale pattedyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biishch%CA%BCid_Dah%C3%B3l%C3%B3n%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Biishchʼid Dahólónígíí - Navaho dili" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biishchʼid Dahólónígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navaho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81o%C5%BCyskowce" title="Łożyskowce - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łożyskowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placent%C3%A1rios" title="Placentários - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Placentários" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Плацентарные - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плацентарные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - İskoçça" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="İskoçça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%A1ji_sesalci" title="Višji sesalci - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Višji sesalci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalni_sisari" title="Placentalni sisari - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Placentalni sisari" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="önerilen madde"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6gre_d%C3%A4ggdjur" title="Högre däggdjur - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Högre däggdjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Плаценталылар - Tatarca" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Плаценталылар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Плацентарні - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Плацентарні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo%CA%BBldoshlilar" title="Yoʻldoshlilar - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yoʻldoshlilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Placentalia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E7%9B%98%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="胎盘动物 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="胎盘动物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E7%9B%A4%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="胎盤動物 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="胎盤動物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25833#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ayrıca bakınız: <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox" style="font-size: 100%; width: 200px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: rgb(235,235,210);">Plasentalı Memeliler<br /><div style="font-size: 80%;"><div style="line-height: 150%">Yaşadığı dönem aralığı: 66-0 <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1l" title="Yıl">myö</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Senozoyik" title="Senozoyik">Senozoyik</a>-<a href="/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen">Günümüz</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <dl><dd>(<a href="/wiki/Molek%C3%BCler_genetik" title="Moleküler genetik">Moleküler genetik</a> çalışmalara göre</dd> <dd>130/100–0<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </dd></dl></div><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both;width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666;border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:13px;"><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:208.07692307692px;padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106);background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Kambriyen_%C3%B6ncesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kambriyen öncesi">PreЄ</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86);left:36.892307692308px; width:18.818461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Kambriyen" title="Kambriyen">Є</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112);left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovisiyen" title="Ordovisiyen">O</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182);left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%BCriyen" title="Silüriyen">S</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55);left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devoniyen" title="Devoniyen">D</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153);left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Karbonifer" title="Karbonifer">C</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,60);left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permiyen" title="Permiyen">P</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146);left:134.74086153846px; width:17.126830769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Triyas" title="Triyas">T</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201);left:151.86769230769px; width:19.055384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Jura_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jura dönemi">J</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78);left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Kretase" title="Kretase">K</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82);left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleojen" title="Paleojen"><small style="white-space: nowrap;">Pg</small></a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25);left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neojen" title="Neojen"><small>N</small></a></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:176px;width:44px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:197.66153846154px;width:22.338461538462px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div><div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:198.66153846154px; width:20.338461538462px; background-color:#6c3;"></div></div> </div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Mammal_Diversity_(Placentalia).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mammal_Diversity_%28Placentalia%29.png/220px-Mammal_Diversity_%28Placentalia%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mammal_Diversity_%28Placentalia%29.png/330px-Mammal_Diversity_%28Placentalia%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mammal_Diversity_%28Placentalia%29.png/440px-Mammal_Diversity_%28Placentalia%29.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="619" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: rgb(235,235,210);"><a href="/wiki/Biyolojik_s%C4%B1n%C4%B1fland%C4%B1rma" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyolojik sınıflandırma">Biyolojik sınıflandırma</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Taksonomi/Placentalia" title="Bu sınıflandırmayı düzenle"><img alt="Bu sınıflandırmayı düzenle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: center;"> <table style="width: 100%; display:table !important;font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Âlem:</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hayvan" title="Hayvan">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Şube:</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kordal%C4%B1lar" title="Kordalılar">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Sınıf:</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memeliler" title="Memeliler">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Alt sınıf:</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Furan_memeliler" title="Doğuran memeliler">Theria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap;">İnfra sınıf:</span> </td> <td><b>Placentalia</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r20907061">.mw-parser-output .smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}</style><span class="smallcaps"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Owen</a>, 1837</span></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: rgb(235,235,210);">Alt gruplar</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: center;;text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreoeutheria" title="Boreoeutheria">Boreoeutheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrotheria" title="Afrotheria">Afrotheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenarthra" title="Xenarthra">Xenarthra</a></li></ul> Takımlar için <a href="#Sınıflandırma">metne bakınız.</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eteneliler</b>, <b>eteneli memeliler</b> veya <b>plasentalı memeliler</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Latince" title="Latince">Latince</a>: <span class="lang-la" lang="la" dir="ltr">Placentalia</span>) <a href="/wiki/Memeliler" title="Memeliler">memelilerin</a> bir <a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1n%C4%B1f_(biyoloji)" title="Sınıf (biyoloji)">infra sınıfı</a>. Diğer alt sınıflar <a href="/wiki/Keseliler" title="Keseliler">keseliler</a> (Metatheria) ve hâlâ yumurtlayarak üreyen <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lkel_memeliler" class="mw-redirect" title="İlkel memeliler">ilkel memelilerdir</a> (Protheria). Aralarında büyük bir farkla en büyük <a href="/wiki/Klad" title="Klad">grup</a> etenelilerdir. Günümüzde, 6000'in üzerinde eteneli türü bulunmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vücut yapıları ve yaşam alanlarının farklılıkları ile en çeşitli memeli <a href="/wiki/Klad" title="Klad">grubunu</a> oluştururlar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomik_farklılıklar"><span id="Anatomik_farkl.C4.B1l.C4.B1klar"></span>Anatomik farklılıklar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eteneliler&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Anatomik farklılıklar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eteneliler&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Anatomik farklılıklar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plasentalı memeliler <a href="/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi">anatomik</a> olarak diğer memelilerden şu şekilde ayrılır: </p> <ul><li>Annenin boyuna göre iri bir bebeğin doğmasına izin vermek için <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvisin</a> alt kısmında yeterince geniş bir açıklık.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Diğer tüm <a href="/wiki/Memeliler" title="Memeliler">memelilerde</a> bulunan pelvisten ileriye doğru uzanan epipubik kemiklerin yokluğu. (Plasentalı olmayan memelilerdeki işlevleri, hareket sırasında vücudu sertleştirmektir, ancak plasentalarda hamilelik sırasında karnın genişlemesini engellerler.)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ayağın en arka kemikleri, kaval kemiği ve <a href="/wiki/Fibula" title="Fibula">fibula</a> uçlarının oluşturduğu bir yuvaya oturarak tam bir zıvana ve zıvana üst ayak bileği eklemi oluşturur.<sup id="cite_ref-nature.com_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibula" title="Fibula">Fibulanın</a> alt kısmında bir malleol varlığı.<sup id="cite_ref-nature.com_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evrimsel_tarih">Evrimsel tarih</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eteneliler&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Evrimsel tarih" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eteneliler&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Evrimsel tarih"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eteneliler, <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">eutherian</a> memelilerin <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%A7_grup" title="Taç grup">taç grubudur</a> ve tamamen soyu tükenmiş çeşitli takımlar ile (örn. <a href="/wiki/Meridiungulata" title="Meridiungulata">Meridiungulata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creodonta" title="Creodonta">Creodonta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinocerata" title="Dinocerata">Dinocerata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesonychia" title="Mesonychia">Mesonychia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embrithopoda" title="Embrithopoda">Embrithopoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desmostylia" title="Desmostylia">Desmostylia</a> ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leptictida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leptictida (sayfa mevcut değil)">Leptictida</a>) mevcut 18-19 farklı takımı içerir. Eteneli radyasyonunun hem takımlar arasında hem de takımlar içinde zamanlamasını çözmek, <a href="/wiki/Evrimsel_biyoloji" title="Evrimsel biyoloji">evrimsel biyolojide</a> uzun süredir devam eden bir problemdir. Bu radyasyonun zamanlamasının açıklanması, <a href="/wiki/Kretase-Tersiyer_yok_olu%C5%9Fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kretase-Tersiyer yok oluşu">K-Pg kitlesel yok oluşunun</a> eteneli radyasyonunu teşvik etmedeki rolünü anlamak için önemli çıkarımlara sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fosil kayıtlarına göre bilinen en eski eteneliler yaklaşık 64.85 milyon yıllıktır (<i><a href="/wiki/Protungulatum" title="Protungulatum">Protungulatim donnae</a></i>). O'Leary vd. (2013) tarafından yapılmış fosil kanıtlarını baz alan çalışmada, etenelilerin son ortak atasının 100 ila 108 milyon yıl önce yaşadığını önerildi. Aynı çalışmada kesin olarak eteneli ayrışmasının <a href="/wiki/Paleojen" title="Paleojen">Paleojen</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kretase" title="Kretase">Kretase</a> sınırından önce gerçekleştiği belirtildi. <a href="/wiki/Keseliler" title="Keseliler">Keseliler</a> ile etenelilerin ayrışma tarihleri için sonuçlar ise 125 ila 180 myö arasında değişir.<sup id="cite_ref-dosReisetal2014_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dosReisetal2014-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Mevcut eteneli gruplarına ait en eski fosiller<sup id="cite_ref-dosReisetal2014_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dosReisetal2014-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Klad ismi </th> <th>Tür veya grup ismi </th> <th>Yaş (milyon yıl) </th> <th>Bulunduğu yer </th></tr> <tr> <th>Placentalia, <a href="/wiki/Boreoeutheria" title="Boreoeutheria">Boreoeutheria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a>, </th> <th><i><a href="/wiki/Protungulatum_donnae" class="mw-redirect" title="Protungulatum donnae">Protungulatum donnae</a></i> </th> <th>64.85 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Euarchontoglires" title="Euarchontoglires">Euarchontoglires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euarchonta" title="Euarchonta">Euarchonta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primatomorpha" title="Primatomorpha">Primatomorpha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primates" class="mw-redirect" title="Primates">Primates</a>? </th> <th><i><a href="/wiki/Purgatorius" title="Purgatorius">Purgatorius coracis</a></i> </th> <th>64.8 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Afrotheria" title="Afrotheria">Afrotheria</a>? </th> <th><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prodiacodon_crustulum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prodiacodon crustulum (sayfa mevcut değil)">Prodiacodon crustulum</a></i> </th> <th>64.85 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Amerika" title="Kuzey Amerika">Kuzey Amerika</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Paenungulata" title="Paenungulata">Paenungulata</a>? </th> <th><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simpsonotus_praecursor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simpsonotus praecursor (sayfa mevcut değil)">Simpsonotus praecursor</a></i> </th> <th>61.8 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Amerika" title="Güney Amerika">Güney Amerika</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Xenarthra" title="Xenarthra">Xenarthra</a> </th> <th><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riosgotherium_yanei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riosgotherium yanei (sayfa mevcut değil)">Riosgotherium yanei</a></i> </th> <th>58.3 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> </th> <th><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hesperocyon_gregarius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hesperocyon gregarius (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hesperocyon gregarius</a></i> </th> <th>43.3 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Amerika" title="Kuzey Amerika">Kuzey Amerika</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Chiroptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiroptera">Chiroptera</a> </th> <th><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeonycteris_praecursor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeonycteris praecursor (sayfa mevcut değil)">Archaeonycteris praecursor</a></i> </th> <th>55.5 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Portekiz" title="Portekiz">Portekiz</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Primates" class="mw-redirect" title="Primates">Primates</a> (Euprimates), <a href="/wiki/Haplorrhini" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplorrhini">Haplorrhini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarsiiformes" title="Tarsiiformes">Tarsiiformes</a>? </th> <th><i><a href="/wiki/Teilhardina" title="Teilhardina">Teilhardina brandti</a></i> </th> <th>54.97<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Amerika" title="Kuzey Amerika">Kuzey Amerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lagomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagomorpha">Lagomorpha</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Leporidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Leporidae">Leporidae</a> </th> <th>53 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Eulipotyphla" title="Eulipotyphla">Eulipotyphla</a> </th> <th><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litolestes_ignotus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litolestes ignotus (sayfa mevcut değil)">Litolestes ignotus</a></i> </th> <th>58.3 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rodentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodentia">Rodentia</a> </th> <th><i><a href="/wiki/Sciurus" title="Sciurus">Sciurus</a> sp</i>. </th> <th>56.8 </th></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sınıflandırma"><span id="S.C4.B1n.C4.B1fland.C4.B1rma"></span>Sınıflandırma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eteneliler&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Sınıflandırma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eteneliler&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Sınıflandırma"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Alt sınıf: </b><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Placentalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Placentalia"> Placentalia veya Eutheria</a></span> — <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eteneliler</a> <ul><li><b>Klad: <a href="/wiki/Xenarthra" title="Xenarthra">Xenarthra</a></b> <ul><li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Cingulata" title="Cingulata">Cingulata</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Armadillo" title="Armadillo">Armadillo</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Pilosa" title="Pilosa">Pilosa</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><b>Klad: <a href="/wiki/Afrotheria" title="Afrotheria">Afrotheria</a></b> <ul><li><b>Klad: <a href="/wiki/Afroinsectiphilia" title="Afroinsectiphilia">Afroinsectiphilia</a></b> <ul><li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Tubulidentata" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubulidentata">Tubulidentata</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Damarl%C4%B1_di%C5%9Fliler" class="mw-redirect" title="Damarlı dişliler">Damarlı dişliler</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Afrosoricida" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrosoricida">Afrosoricida</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Tenreksiler" title="Tenreksiler">Tenreksiler</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacroscelidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacroscelidea (sayfa mevcut değil)">Pacroscelidea</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><b>Klad: <a href="/wiki/Paenungulata" title="Paenungulata">Paenungulata</a></b> <ul><li><b>Takım:</b> † <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Desmostylia" title="Desmostylia">Desmostylia</a></span></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Hyracoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyracoidea">Hyracoidea</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1r_s%C4%B1%C3%A7an%C4%B1ms%C4%B1lar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kır sıçanımsılar">Kır sıçanımsılar</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Sirenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirenia">Sirenia</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Deniz_inekleri" title="Deniz inekleri">Deniz inekleri</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Proboscidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Proboscidea">Proboscidea</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Hortumlular" title="Hortumlular">Hortumlular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>Magna takım:<a href="/wiki/Boreoeutheria" title="Boreoeutheria">Boreoeutheria</a></b> <ul><li><b>Üsttakım:<a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></b> <ul><li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Artiodactyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ift_parmakl%C4%B1lar" class="mw-redirect" title="Çift parmaklılar">Çift parmaklılar</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Et%C3%A7iller" title="Etçiller">Etçiller</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Cetacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Balinalar" title="Balinalar">Balinalar</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Chiroptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiroptera">Chiroptera</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Yarasalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarasalar">Yarasalar</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Insectivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Insectivora">Insectivora</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6cek%C3%A7iller" title="Böcekçiller">Böcekçiller </a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Perissodactyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Perissodactyla">Perissodactyla</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Tek_toynakl%C4%B1lar" title="Tek toynaklılar">Tek toynaklılar</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Pholidota" class="mw-redirect" title="Pholidota">Pholidota</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><b>Üst takım:<a href="/wiki/Euarchontoglires" title="Euarchontoglires">Euarchontoglires</a></b> <ul><li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Lagomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagomorpha">Lagomorpha</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Tav%C5%9Fan%C4%B1ms%C4%B1lar" title="Tavşanımsılar">Tavşanımsılar</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Dermoptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Dermoptera">Dermoptera</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Abal%C4%B1_memeliler" class="mw-redirect" title="Abalı memeliler">Abalı memeliler</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Primates" class="mw-redirect" title="Primates">Primates</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Primatlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Primatlar">Primatlar</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Rodentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodentia">Rodentia</a></span> — <a href="/wiki/Kemiriciler" title="Kemiriciler">Kemiriciler</a></li> <li><b>Takım:</b> <span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/wiki/Scandentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandentia">Scandentia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filogeni">Filogeni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eteneliler&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Filogeni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eteneliler&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Filogeni"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21954139">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Placentalia</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21954139"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Atlantogenata" title="Atlantogenata">Atlantogenata</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21954139"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Afrotheria" title="Afrotheria">Afrotheria</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Xenarthra" title="Xenarthra">Xenarthra</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Boreoeutheria" title="Boreoeutheria">Boreoeutheria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21954139"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Euarchontoglires" title="Euarchontoglires">Euarchontoglires</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21954139"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Euarchonta" title="Euarchonta">Euarchonta</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Glires" title="Glires">Glires</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21954139"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Eulipotyphla" title="Eulipotyphla">Eulipotyphla</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Scrotifera" title="Scrotifera">Scrotifera</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21954139"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Chiroptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiroptera">Chiroptera</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Ferungulata" title="Ferungulata">Ferungulata</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21954139"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Ungulata" class="mw-redirect" title="Ungulata">Ungulata</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21954139"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Artiodactyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Perissodactyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Perissodactyla">Perissodactyla</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Ferae" title="Ferae">Ferae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21954139"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pholidota" class="mw-redirect" title="Pholidota">Pholidota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>H. <i>vd</i>. (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve Asher, R. J. <i>vd</i>. (2009)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tarafından yapılan çalışmalara göre uyarlanmış <a href="/wiki/Kladogram" title="Kladogram">kladogram</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eteneliler&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eteneliler&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Wilford, John Noble (7 Şubat 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/08/science/common-ancestor-of-mammals-plucked-from-obscurity.html">"Rat-Size Ancestor Said to Link Man and Beast"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (İngilizce). <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 31 Mart 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200331160139/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/08/science/common-ancestor-of-mammals-plucked-from-obscurity.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">9 Temmuz</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Retroposon+analysis+and+recent+geological+data+suggest+near-simultaneous+divergence+of+the+three+superorders+of+mammals&rft.pages=5235-5240&rft.date=2009-03-31&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2655268&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19286970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0809297106&rft.aulast=Nishihara&rft.aufirst=Hidenori&rft.au=Maruyama%2C+Shigenori&rft.au=Okada%2C+Norihiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2655268%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Springer, Mark S.; Murphy, William J.; Eizirik, Eduardo; O'Brien, Stephen J. 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(17 Ocak 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/299/5605/400">"Hypaxial Motor Patterns and the Function of Epipubic Bones in Primitive Mammals"</a>. <i>Science</i> (İngilizce). <b>299</b> (5605): 400-402. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1074905">10.1126/science.1074905</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532019">12532019</a>. 16 Aralık 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216073517/https://science.sciencemag.org/content/299/5605/400">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Temmuz</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hypaxial+Motor+Patterns+and+the+Function+of+Epipubic+Bones+in+Primitive+Mammals&rft.pages=400-402&rft.date=2003-01-17&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12532019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1074905&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=Stephen+M.&rft.au=White%2C+Thomas+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2F299%2F5605%2F400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Novacek, Michael J.; Rougier, Guillermo W.; Wible, John R.; McKenna, Malcolm C.; Dashzeveg, Demberelyin; Horovitz, Inés (Ekim 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/39020">"Epipubic bones in eutherian mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia"</a>. <i>Nature</i> (İngilizce). <b>389</b> (6650): 483-486. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/39020">10.1038/39020</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. 23 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723112504/https://www.nature.com/articles/39020">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Temmuz</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Epipubic+bones+in+eutherian+mammals+from+the+Late+Cretaceous+of+Mongolia&rft.pages=483-486&rft.date=1997-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F39020&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft.aulast=Novacek&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft.au=Rougier%2C+Guillermo+W.&rft.au=Wible%2C+John+R.&rft.au=McKenna%2C+Malcolm+C.&rft.au=Dashzeveg%2C+Demberelyin&rft.au=Horovitz%2C+In%C3%A9s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2F39020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nature.com-10"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-nature.com_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nature.com_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Ji, Qiang; Luo, Zhe-Xi; Yuan, Chong-Xi; Wible, John R.; Zhang, Jian-Ping; Georgi, Justin A. (Nisan 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/416816a">"The earliest known eutherian mammal"</a>. <i>Nature</i> (İngilizce). <b>416</b> (6883): 816-822. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/416816a">10.1038/416816a</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. 29 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629011806/http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v416/n6883/full/416816a.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Temmuz</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+earliest+known+eutherian+mammal&rft.pages=816-822&rft.date=2002-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F416816a&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft.aulast=Ji&rft.aufirst=Qiang&rft.au=Luo%2C+Zhe-Xi&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Chong-Xi&rft.au=Wible%2C+John+R.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jian-Ping&rft.au=Georgi%2C+Justin+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2F416816a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Springer, Mark S.; Foley, Nicole M.; Brady, Peggy L.; Gatesy, John; Murphy, William J. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2019.01241/full">"Evolutionary Models for the Diversification of Placental Mammals Across the KPg Boundary"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Genetics</i> (İngilizce). <b>0</b>. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.01241">10.3389/fgene.2019.01241</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1664-8021">1664-8021</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6896846">6896846</a> $2</span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31850081">31850081</a>. 20 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820190348/https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2019.01241/full">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evolutionary+Models+for+the+Diversification+of+Placental+Mammals+Across+the+KPg+Boundary&rft.date=2019&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMCPMC6896846&rft.issn=1664-8021&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31850081&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffgene.2019.01241&rft.aulast=Springer&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rft.au=Foley%2C+Nicole+M.&rft.au=Brady%2C+Peggy+L.&rft.au=Gatesy%2C+John&rft.au=Murphy%2C+William+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%2Farticles%2F10.3389%2Ffgene.2019.01241%2Ffull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">KB1 bakım: PMC biçimi (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:KB1_bak%C4%B1m:_PMC_bi%C3%A7imi" title="Kategori:KB1 bakım: PMC biçimi">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dosReisetal2014-12"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-dosReisetal2014_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dosReisetal2014_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">dos Reis, Mario; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Yang, Ziheng (31 Ocak 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2013.1003">"Neither phylogenomic nor palaeontological data support a Palaeogene origin of placental mammals"</a>. <i>Biology Letters</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 20131003. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.1003">10.1098/rsbl.2013.1003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917342">3917342</a> $2</span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24429684">24429684</a>. 13 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513124934/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2013.1003">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neither+phylogenomic+nor+palaeontological+data+support+a+Palaeogene+origin+of+placental+mammals&rft.pages=20131003&rft.date=2014-01-31&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMCPMC3917342&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24429684&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbl.2013.1003&rft.aulast=dos+Reis&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft.au=Donoghue%2C+Philip+C.+J.&rft.au=Yang%2C+Ziheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsocietypublishing.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbl.2013.1003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">KB1 bakım: PMC biçimi (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:KB1_bak%C4%B1m:_PMC_bi%C3%A7imi" title="Kategori:KB1 bakım: PMC biçimi">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200720201523/http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=40264">"Fossilworks: Prodiacodon"</a>. <i>fossilworks.org</i>. 20 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=40264">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fossilworks.org&rft.atitle=Fossilworks%3A+Prodiacodon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffossilworks.org%2Fbridge.pl%3Fa%3DtaxonInfo%26taxon_no%3D40264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917184749/http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=175868">"Road linking Tres Cruces and Mina Aguilar"</a>. <i>fossilworks.org</i>. 17 Eylül 2021 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=175868">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fossilworks.org&rft.atitle=Road+linking+Tres+Cruces+and+Mina+Aguilar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffossilworks.org%2Fbridge.pl%3Fa%3DcollectionSearch%26collection_no%3D175868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200720201523/http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=46911">"Fossilworks: Hesperocyon gregarius"</a>. <i>fossilworks.org</i>. 20 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=46911">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fossilworks.org&rft.atitle=Fossilworks%3A+Hesperocyon+gregarius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffossilworks.org%2Fbridge.pl%3Fa%3DtaxonInfo%26taxon_no%3D46911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111230229/http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=347199">"Fossilworks: Archaeonycteris praecursor"</a>. <i>fossilworks.org</i>. 11 Kasım 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=347199">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fossilworks.org&rft.atitle=Fossilworks%3A+Archaeonycteris+praecursor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffossilworks.org%2F%3Fa%3DtaxonInfo%26taxon_no%3D347199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Ni, Xijun; Wang, Yuanqing; Hu, Yaoming; Li, Chuankui (Ocak 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/nature02126">"A euprimate skull from the early Eocene of China"</a>. <i>Nature</i> (İngilizce). <b>427</b> (6969): 65-68. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02126">10.1038/nature02126</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. 18 Eylül 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918132014/https://www.nature.com/articles/nature02126">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 18 Eylül 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+euprimate+skull+from+the+early+Eocene+of+China&rft.pages=65-68&rft.date=2004-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature02126&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.aulast=Ni&rft.aufirst=Xijun&rft.au=Wang%2C+Yuanqing&rft.au=Hu%2C+Yaoming&rft.au=Li%2C+Chuankui&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnature02126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42152&is_real_user=1">"PBDB"</a>. <i>paleobiodb.org</i>. 17 Eylül 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917192127/https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42152&is_real_user=1">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=paleobiodb.org&rft.atitle=PBDB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaleobiodb.org%2Fclassic%2FcheckTaxonInfo%3Ftaxon_no%3D42152%26is_real_user%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200720201523/http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=47727">"Fossilworks: Litolestes ignotus"</a>. <i>fossilworks.org</i>. 20 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=47727">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fossilworks.org&rft.atitle=Fossilworks%3A+Litolestes+ignotus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffossilworks.org%2Fbridge.pl%3Fa%3DtaxonInfo%26taxon_no%3D47727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Amrine-Madsen, H.; Koepfli, K. P.; Wayne, R. K.; Springer, M. S. (2003). "A new phylogenetic marker, apoliprotein B, provides compelling evidence for eutherian relationships". <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>28</b> (2): 225-240. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s1055-7903%2803%2900118-0">10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00118-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12878460">12878460</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+new+phylogenetic+marker%2C+apoliprotein+B%2C+provides+compelling+evidence+for+eutherian+relationships&rft.pages=225-240&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs1055-7903%2803%2900118-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12878460&rft.aulast=Amrine-Madsen&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Koepfli%2C+K.+P.&rft.au=Wayne%2C+R.+K.&rft.au=Springer%2C+M.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Asher, R. J.; Bennett, N.; Lehmann, T. (2009). "The new framework for understanding placental mammal evolution". <i>BioEssays</i>. <b>31</b> (8): 853-864. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.200900053">10.1002/bies.200900053</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Özgürce erişilebilir"><img alt="Özgürce erişilebilir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19582725">19582725</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+new+framework+for+understanding+placental+mammal+evolution&rft.pages=853-864&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fbies.200900053&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19582725&rft.aulast=Asher&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+N.&rft.au=Lehmann%2C+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AEteneliler" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yaşayan_memeli_takımları" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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