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class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Zur Navigation springen</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Zur Suche springen</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable infobox float-right" style="width:300px;" summary="Infobox"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color:#A9BEC7;">Devanagari </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Devanagari-Ka.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Die Silbe ka in Devanagari"><img alt="Die Silbe ka in Devanagari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Devanagari-Ka.svg/90px-Devanagari-Ka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Devanagari-Ka.svg/135px-Devanagari-Ka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Devanagari-Ka.svg/180px-Devanagari-Ka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><br /><i>ka</i> in Devanagari </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Devanagari_Verbreitung.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Verbreitungsgebiet von Devanagari"><img alt="Verbreitungsgebiet von Devanagari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Devanagari_Verbreitung.svg/140px-Devanagari_Verbreitung.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Devanagari_Verbreitung.svg/210px-Devanagari_Verbreitung.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Devanagari_Verbreitung.svg/280px-Devanagari_Verbreitung.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="625" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#f2f2f4;" width="33%">Schrifttyp </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#f2f2f4;">Sprachen </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihari" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihari">Bihari</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhili (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Bhili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri" title="Bhojpuri">Bhojpuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri" title="Kashmiri">Kashmiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani" title="Konkani">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marathi" title="Marathi">Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepali" title="Nepali">Nepali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newari" title="Newari">Newari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindhi" title="Sindhi">Sindhi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#f2f2f4;">Verwendet in </td> <td colspan="2">Nordindien, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#f2f2f4;">Abstammung </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Protosinaitische_Schrift" title="Protosinaitische Schrift">Protosinaitische Schrift</a><br /> → <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B6nizische_Schrift" title="Phönizische Schrift">Phönizische Schrift</a><br />  → <a href="/wiki/Aram%C3%A4ische_Schrift" title="Aramäische Schrift">Aramäische Schrift</a><br />   → <a href="/wiki/Brahmischrift" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmischrift">Brahmischrift</a><br />    → <b>Devanagari</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#f2f2f4;">Besonderheiten </td> <td colspan="2">Gehört zur indischen Schriftenfamilie. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#f2f2f4;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Deva </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Devanagari</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r185776446">.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:120%}@media all and (min-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:calc(120% - ((100vw - 800px)/80))}}@media all and (min-width:1000px){.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:100%}}</style><span lang="sa-Deva" class="Deva">देवनागरी</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r183723573">.mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}</style><span class="Latn IAST" lang="sa-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">devanāgarī</span>) ist eine <a href="/wiki/Indischer_Schriftenkreis" title="Indischer Schriftenkreis">indische Schrift</a>, die zur Schreibung von <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a> und einigen modernen <a href="/wiki/Indische_Sprachen" class="mw-redirect" title="Indische Sprachen">indischen Sprachen</a> wie <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepali" title="Nepali">Nepali</a> und <a href="/wiki/Marathi" title="Marathi">Marathi</a> verwendet wird. Sie geht auf die sehr viel ältere <a href="/wiki/Brahmi-Schrift" title="Brahmi-Schrift">Brahmi-Schrift</a> zurück, die ab dem <a href="/wiki/3._Jahrhundert_v._Chr." title="3. Jahrhundert v. Chr.">3. Jahrhundert v. Chr.</a> in Indien belegt ist. Die älteste überlieferte Inschrift in Devanagari ist aus dem <a href="/wiki/7._Jahrhundert" title="7. Jahrhundert">7. Jahrhundert</a>. Seit dem <a href="/wiki/11._Jahrhundert" title="11. Jahrhundert">11. Jahrhundert</a> ist sie die vorherrschende Schrift Indiens.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Devanagari ist eine Buchstabenschrift nach dem Prinzip der <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugida</a> (auch <i>Alphasyllabar</i> genannt), bei der jedes Grundzeichen einen Konsonanten mit einem inhärenten, kurzen a repräsentiert. Die grafische Anordnung der Zeichen entspricht der Reihenfolge der Sprechsilben, allerdings nicht immer der Reihenfolge der einzelnen <a href="/wiki/Phon_(Linguistik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phon (Linguistik)">Laute</a>. Die Lese- und <a href="/wiki/Schreibrichtung" title="Schreibrichtung">Schreibrichtung</a> ist rechtsläufig, d. h. von links nach rechts. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Bedeutung_des_Namens"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Bedeutung des Namens</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Verwendung"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Verwendung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Textbeispiel"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Textbeispiel</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Charakteristika_der_Schrift"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Charakteristika der Schrift</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Bestandteile"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Bestandteile</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Vokale"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Vokale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Konsonanten"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Konsonanten</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Ligaturen"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Ligaturen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Sonstige_Modifikatoren"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Sonstige Modifikatoren</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Ziffern"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Ziffern</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Devanagari_in_ISO-8859"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Devanagari in ISO-8859</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Devanagari_in_Unicode"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Devanagari in Unicode</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Siehe_auch"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Siehe auch</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Literatur"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Literatur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bedeutung_des_Namens">Bedeutung des Namens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Bedeutung des Namens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Bedeutung des Namens"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Der Name Devanagari bedeutet frei übersetzt „Schrift der göttlichen Stadt“<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder „Schrift aus der Götterstadt“. Damit wird zum Ausdruck gebracht, dass sie nicht menschlichen Ursprungs sei. „Devanagari“ ist die übliche Transkription des Sanskrit-Wortes, zum Teil finden sich heute in Indien auch Schreibweisen (und Aussprachen) wie „Devnagri“, „Devanagri“ oder (seltener) „Deonagri“. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verwendung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Verwendung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Newapolitics.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Newapolitics.jpg/220px-Newapolitics.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Newapolitics.jpg/330px-Newapolitics.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Newapolitics.jpg/440px-Newapolitics.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maoismus" title="Maoismus">Maoistische</a> Parolen auf Newari in Devanagari-Schrift in Nepal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Varanasi_Transparente.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Varanasi_Transparente.png/240px-Varanasi_Transparente.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Varanasi_Transparente.png/360px-Varanasi_Transparente.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Varanasi_Transparente.png/480px-Varanasi_Transparente.png 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="988" /></a><figcaption>Devanagari im Alltag (Straßenszene in <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Unter den zahlreichen Schriften, die in Südasien verwendet werden, ist Devanagari am weitesten verbreitet. Im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen indischen Schriften, deren Verwendung auf eine Sprache beschränkt ist, schreibt man in der Devanagari mehrere bedeutende Sprachen im Norden des Indischen Subkontinents. Die wichtigsten sind <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, die größte indische Sprache und Nationalsprache der Indischen Union, das im Bundesstaat <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> gesprochene <a href="/wiki/Marathi" title="Marathi">Marathi</a> sowie <a href="/wiki/Nepali" title="Nepali">Nepali</a>, die Amtssprache <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepals</a>. Dazu kommen diverse teilweise als Dialekte des Hindi aufgefasste Regionalsprachen (<a href="/wiki/Bihari" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihari">Bihari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthani" title="Rajasthani">Rajasthani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pahari (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Pahari</a> etc.) und einige kleinere Sprachen wie das mit dem Marathi verwandte <a href="/wiki/Konkani" title="Konkani">Konkani</a> in <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newari" title="Newari">Newari</a> in Nepal und <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhili (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Bhili</a> in Westindien. <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, die klassische Sprache des <a href="/wiki/Hinduismus" title="Hinduismus">Hinduismus</a>, wurde früher in den verschiedenen Teilen Indiens in der jeweiligen Regionalschrift geschrieben, heute hat sich aber Devanagari als übliche Schrift für Sanskrit-Texte durchgesetzt. </p><p>Für manche Sprachen wird Devanagari parallel zu anderen Schriften benutzt: So werden <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri" title="Kashmiri">Kashmiri</a> und <a href="/wiki/Sindhi" title="Sindhi">Sindhi</a> in Pakistan in <a href="/wiki/Persisches_Alphabet" title="Persisches Alphabet">perso-arabischer Schrift</a>, in Indien in Devanagari geschrieben; <a href="/wiki/Panjabi" title="Panjabi">Panjabi</a> schreiben die muslimischen Sprecher in perso-arabischer <a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a>-Schrift, die <a href="/wiki/Sikhismus" title="Sikhismus">Sikhs</a> in der <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi-Schrift" title="Gurmukhi-Schrift">Gurmukhi-Schrift</a> und die Hindus in Devanagari. Im Fall von Hindi und dem von den indischen und pakistanischen Muslimen gesprochenen <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> ist die Verwendung der Devanagari-Schrift für Hindi bzw. der perso-arabischen Schrift für Urdu neben Unterschieden im Vokabular das wichtigste Unterscheidungsmerkmal zwischen diesen beiden Sprachen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Textbeispiel">Textbeispiel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Textbeispiel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Textbeispiel"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Startseite der Hindi-Wikipedia. Der erste Link lautet: „<span class="IAST Latn"><a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">vikipīḍiyā</a></span>“. </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Hindi_sample.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Startseite der Hindi-Wikipedia"><img alt="Startseite der Hindi-Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/de/c/c3/Hindi_sample.png" decoding="async" width="331" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="187" /></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charakteristika_der_Schrift">Charakteristika der Schrift</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Charakteristika der Schrift" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Charakteristika der Schrift"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Devanagari wird von links nach rechts geschrieben. Anders als bei Silbenschriften, wie etwa den japanischen <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a> und <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a>, stellt jedes Schriftzeichen (<a href="/wiki/Graphem" title="Graphem">Graphem</a>) normalerweise jeweils nur einen Laut dar. Somit besteht eine Phonem-Graphem-Korrespondenz (<a href="/wiki/Graphem#Syllabische_Grapheme" title="Graphem">PGK</a>). Die Devanagari hat 33 <a href="/wiki/Konsonant" title="Konsonant">Konsonanten</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">व्यंजन</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">vyañjana</span>), 13 <a href="/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal">Vokale</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">स्वर</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">svara</span>) und zwei Zusatzlaute. Der im Sanskrit wie im Hindi besonders häufige Vokal [ʌ] wird nur am Wortanfang dargestellt, sonst haftet er dem jeweils vorangehenden Konsonanten an. Die übrigen Vokale werden am Wortanfang durch Vollbuchstaben dargestellt, ansonsten durch (<a href="/wiki/Diakritische_Zeichen" class="mw-redirect" title="Diakritische Zeichen">diakritische</a>) Zeichen, die je nach Vokal links oder rechts, über oder unter dem voran gesprochenen Konsonanten stehen. Vokallosigkeit von Konsonanten kann entweder durch einen unten an den Konsonanten angehängten Strich (<i>halant</i> oder <i>virām</i> genannt) dargestellt werden, ähnlich wie bei vokalisierten <a href="/wiki/Arabische_Schrift" title="Arabische Schrift">arabischen</a> Texten, oder indem die vokallosen Konsonanten mit dem nachfolgenden vokaltragenden zu einer <a href="/wiki/Ligatur_(Typografie)" title="Ligatur (Typografie)">Ligatur</a> verschmolzen werden. Die segmentale Ordnung der Schrift, bestehend aus Konsonantenligaturen mit keinem bis einem Vokalzeichen, ist nicht identisch mit den Sprechsilben. Moderne Schreibweisen verwenden weniger Ligaturen als ältere. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Phrase_sanskrite.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Phrase_sanskrite.png/400px-Phrase_sanskrite.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Phrase_sanskrite.png/600px-Phrase_sanskrite.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Phrase_sanskrite.png 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Sanskrit-Text in verschiedenen Schriften geschrieben: „Möge <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> segnen, wem Sprache der Götter gefällt.“ (<a href="/wiki/Kalidasa" title="Kalidasa">Kalidasa</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Durch diese Besonderheiten entsteht für jede „Silbe“ eine Zeichengruppe, ein <a href="/wiki/Akshara" title="Akshara">Akshara</a>. Die Buchstaben und Buchstabengruppen eines Wortes sind jeweils durch einen durchgehenden Kopfstrich, genannt <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">रेखा</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">rekhā</span> ‚Linie‘, miteinander verbunden. </p><p><b>Beispiel: „Student“ </b><br /> Devanagari <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">विद्यार्थी</span><br /> Umschrift: <i>vidyārthī</i><br /> Graphemfolge: iv-dyā-thīr </p><p>Diese für europäische Leser verwirrende Darstellung der Graphemfolge mittels Lateinbuchstaben wird der Devanagarischrift allerdings nicht gerecht. Versteht man sie nämlich als <a href="/wiki/Konsonantenschrift" title="Konsonantenschrift">Konsonantenschrift</a> mit <a href="/wiki/Diakritische_Zeichen" class="mw-redirect" title="Diakritische Zeichen">diakritischen Zeichen</a>, dann ist das dem <b>v</b> angehängte <b>i</b> ein Bogen mit Strich vor dem Buchstaben, unterschieden vom <b>ī</b>, einem Bogen mit Strich hinter dem Buchstaben. Und das vor dem <b>th</b> zu sprechende <b>r</b> wird durch ein Häkchen rechts über dem vokalisierten Konsonanten markiert. </p><p>Die oben erwähnte moderne Verwendung der <i>Rekha</i> wird auch <i>Pausaform</i> genannt. In alten Sanskrit-Manuskripten ist dagegen die <i><a href="/wiki/Scriptura_continua" class="mw-redirect" title="Scriptura continua">scriptura continua</a></i> verwendet, wobei die obere <i>Rekha</i> ‚Linie‘ nur mit wenigen orthographisch genormten Ausnahmen unterbrochen wird. Es werden auch die an den Wort- und Silbengrenzen phonetisch stattfindenden Kontraktionen und Assimilationen durch Ligaturen<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dargestellt (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">संधि</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">sandhi</span>). Für die alten Manuskripte gilt: Die von einer Rekha zusammengehaltenen Akshara können mehr als ein Wort darstellen, einzelne Wörter sind die Ausnahme. </p><p>Die Vokalzeichen für langes i, für ai, o und au ragen über die obere Linie hinaus, ebenso die sekundären Vokalzeichen für kurzes und langes i, für e, ai, o und au. Als sekundär werden jene bezeichnet, die vor, nach, über oder unter Konsonantenzeichen stehen. Die sekundären Vokalzeichen für kurzes und langes u stehen unter dem zugehörigen Konsonanten. Ein am Anfang eines <a href="/wiki/Konsonantencluster" title="Konsonantencluster">Konsonantenclusters</a> stehendes r wird ebenfalls oberhalb der Linie realisiert, in Form eines kleinen Hakens nach dem oder den zugehörigen Konsonantenzeichen. Schließlich erscheinen oberhalb der Linie auch die diakritischen Zeichen für Klassennasal und Nasalierung. Devanagari kennt keine Unterscheidung von Klein- und Großschreibung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bestandteile">Bestandteile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Bestandteile" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Bestandteile"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokale">Vokale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Vokale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Vokale"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In der Devanagari wird zwischen isolierten und modifizierenden Formen von Vokalen unterschieden. Die Devanagari ist eine Buchstabenschrift (genauer: ein <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugida</a>), bei der jedes Grundzeichen einen Konsonanten mit einem inhärenten, kurzen a repräsentiert. Soll statt diesem a ein anderer Vokal verwendet werden, wird dies durch modifizierende diakritische Zeichen erreicht. Isolierte Formen treten am Wortanfang sowie nach einem anderen Vokal auf: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">की</span> <span class="IAST Latn"><a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">kī</a></span>, aber <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कई</span> <span class="IAST Latn"><a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">kaī</a></span>. </p><p>Das modifizierende Zeichen für das kurze i steht <i>links neben</i> (also scheinbar vor) dem modifizierten Silbenzeichen (so, wie andere Modifikatoren unter (u), über (e) oder rechts daneben (o) stehen). Trotzdem wird das i nach dem entsprechenden Konsonanten gesprochen. Modifizierende Vokale sind keine selbständigen Zeichen, sondern werden dem Grundzeichen zugefügt. Devanagari wird silbenweise, nicht buchstabenweise gelesen. Einige Browser unterstützen die Ausrichtung des i-Modifikators nicht korrekt, so dass kurze i falsch dargestellt werden. </p><p>Die folgenden Tabellen zeigen jeweils links die isolierte, rechts die modifizierende Form der Vokale (am Beispiel der Grundsilbe <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">क</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ka</span>). </p><p>In der Devanagari gelten nur a, i und u als wirkliche Vokale. Sie besitzen jeweils eine kurze Form (Grundstufe) sowie eine lange Form (Dehnstufe). </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-right:2em;"> <caption>Vokale </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Grundstufe</th> <th colspan="2">Dehnstufe </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">अ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">a</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">क</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ka</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">आ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ā</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">का</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kā</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">इ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">i</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कि</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ki</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ई</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ī</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">की</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kī</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">उ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">u</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कु</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ku</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ऊ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ū</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कू</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kū</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Vokalische Konsonanten </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Grundstufe</th> <th colspan="2">Dehnstufe </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ऋ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ṛ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कृ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kṛ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ॠ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ṝ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कॄ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kṝ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ऌ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ḷ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कॢ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kḷ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ॡ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ḹ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कॣ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kḹ</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <p>e und o sind alte <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">Diphthonge</a>, wobei e als monophthongiertes ăi, o hingegen als monophthongiertes ău zu verstehen ist. Dadurch ergibt sich ein System aus einem Monophthong e bzw. o in der Grundstufe und einem Diphthong ai bzw. au in der Dehnstufe. Alle vier Laute stellen Langvokale bzw. -diphthonge dar, diese Längen werden allerdings in der <a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST-Umschrift</a> gewöhnlich nicht notiert. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Diphthonge </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">e-Klasse</th> <th colspan="4">o-Klasse </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Grundstufe</th> <th colspan="2">Dehnstufe</th> <th colspan="2">Grundstufe</th> <th colspan="2">Dehnstufe </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ए</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">e</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">के</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ke</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ऐ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ai</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कै</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kai</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ओ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">o</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">को</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ko</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">औ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">au</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कौ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kau</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Weiterhin existiert von den Grundstufendiphthongen eine <i>offene Form</i>, die für die Schreibung von offenen Vokalen in englischen Lehnwörtern und Eigennamen verwendet wird, und eine <i>kurze Form</i> für Wörter aus <a href="/wiki/Dravidische_Sprachen" title="Dravidische Sprachen">dravidischen Sprachen</a>, welche zwischen kurzem und langem e und o unterscheiden: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th colspan="2">e-Klasse</th> <th colspan="2">o-Klasse </th></tr> <tr> <td>offene Form</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ऍ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ê</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कॅ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kê</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ऑ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ô</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कॉ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kô</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>kurze Form</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ऎ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ĕ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कॆ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kĕ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ऒ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ŏ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कॊ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kŏ</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonanten">Konsonanten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Konsonanten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Konsonanten"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Palatal" title="Palatal">Palatale</a> Laute werden heutzutage als <a href="/wiki/Affrikate" title="Affrikate">Affrikaten</a> gesprochen, also tscha, dscha usw. Bei den <a href="/wiki/Retroflex" title="Retroflex">retroflexen</a> wird die Zungenspitze weit nach hinten gebogen (etwa wie beim englischen t in <span lang="en"><i>true</i></span>). Die <a href="/wiki/Dental" title="Dental">dentalen</a> Laute werden etwas weiter vorn <a href="/wiki/Artikulation_(Linguistik)" title="Artikulation (Linguistik)">artikuliert</a> als im Deutschen, die Zungenspitze liegt an den <i>unteren</i> Schneidezähnen. Besonders diffizil ist der Gebrauch der <a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(Phonetik)" title="Aspiration (Phonetik)">Aspiration</a> der Laute. </p><p>Sondergrapheme für Laute, die vor allem aus dem <a href="/wiki/Persische_Sprache" title="Persische Sprache">Persischen</a> übernommen wurden oder für Lehnwörter anderer Sprachen (z. B. <a href="/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">Englisch</a>), werden durch Grundzeichen in Verbindung mit einem <i>nuqta</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="sa-Deva" class="Deva">नुक़ता</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="sa-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">nuqtā</span>, deutsch <span lang="de" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal">‚Punkt‘</span> < pers. <bdo dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r238817674">.mw-parser-output .Arab a,.mw-parser-output a bdi.Arab{text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .Arab{font-size:120%}</style><bdi dir="rtl" lang="fa-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">نقطة</bdi></bdo> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="fa-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">nuqt̤a</span>) gekennzeichnet. Sie treten nur in modernen Sprachen wie dem Hindi auf; ihre Aussprache ist zwar normiert, variiert aber im täglichen Gebrauch sehr stark, oft wird auch einfach die Grundform gesprochen (etwa „philm“ statt „film“), da auch die lexikographische Einordnung bei den Grundzeichen erfolgt. <span lang="en"><i>Let’s make phiphti phiphti</i></span> (<i>fifty-fifty,</i> '50/50'). </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Devanagari.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Übersicht der Konsonanten"><img alt="Übersicht der Konsonanten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Devanagari.png" decoding="async" width="460" height="587" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="587" /></a></span> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="8"><i>sparśa</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Plosiv" title="Plosiv">Plosive</a>) </th> <th colspan="2"><i>anunāsika</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Nasal_(Phonetik)" title="Nasal (Phonetik)">Nasale</a>) </th> <th colspan="2"><i>antastha</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximanten</a>) </th> <th colspan="4"><i>ūṣma/saṃghashrī</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Frikativ" title="Frikativ">Frikative</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Stimmhaftigkeit" title="Stimmhaftigkeit">Stimmhaftigkeit</a> → </th> <td colspan="4"><i>aghoṣa</i> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background:beige;"><i>ghoṣa</i> </td> <td colspan="2"><i>aghoṣa</i> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:beige;"><i>ghoṣa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(Phonetik)" title="Aspiration (Phonetik)">Aspiration</a> → </th> <td colspan="2"><i>alpaprāṇa</i> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:beige;"><i>mahāprāṇa</i> </td> <td colspan="2"><i>alpaprāṇa</i> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:beige;"><i>mahāprāṇa</i> </td> <td colspan="4"><i>alpaprāṇa</i> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background:beige;"><i>mahāprāṇa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><i>kaṇṭhya</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Gutturaler_Laut" title="Gutturaler Laut">Gutturale</a>)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कण्ठ्य</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kaṇṭhya</span><br /> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कण्ठ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">kaṇṭha</span> ‚Kehle‘, ‚Hals‘) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">क</span></td> <td>ka<br />/k/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ک</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ख</span></td> <td>kha<br />/kʰ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">کھ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ग</span></td> <td>ga<br />/ɡ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">گ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">घ</span></td> <td>gha<br />/ɡʱ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">گھ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ङ</span></td> <td>ṅa<br />/ŋ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ن</bdi></bdo> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ह</span></td> <td>ha<br />/ɦ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ه، ح</bdi></bdo> </td></tr> <tr> <th><i>tālavya</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Palatal" title="Palatal">Palatale</a>)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">तालव्य</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">tālavya</span><br /> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">तालु</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">tālu</span> ‚Gaumen‘) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">च</span></td> <td>ca<br />/c, t͡ʃ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">چ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">छ</span></td> <td>cha<br />/cʰ, t͡ʃʰ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">چھ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ज</span></td> <td>ja<br />/ɟ, d͡ʒ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ج</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">झ</span></td> <td>jha<br />/ɟʱ, d͡ʒʱ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">جھ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ञ</span></td> <td>ña<br />/ɲ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ن</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">य</span></td> <td>ya<br />/j/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ی</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">श</span></td> <td>śa<br />/ɕ, ʃ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ش</bdi></bdo> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><i>mūrdhanya</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Retroflex" title="Retroflex">Retroflexe</a>)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">मूर्धन्य</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">mūrdhanya</span><br /> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">मूर्धन्</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">mūrdhan</span> ‚Gipfel‘, ‚Stirn‘) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ट</span></td> <td>ṭa<br />/ʈ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ٹ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ठ</span></td> <td>ṭha<br />/ʈʰ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ٹھ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ड</span></td> <td>ḍa<br />/ɖ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ڈ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ढ</span></td> <td>ḍha<br />/ɖʱ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ڈھ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ण</span></td> <td>ṇa<br />/ɳ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ن</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">र</span></td> <td>ra<br />/r/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ر</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ष</span></td> <td>ṣa<br />/ʂ/ </td></tr> <tr> <th><i>dantya</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Dental" title="Dental">Dentale</a>)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">दन्त्य</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">dantya</span><br /> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">दन्त</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">danta</span> ‚Zahn‘) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">त</span></td> <td>ta<br />/t̪/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ت، ط</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">थ</span></td> <td>tha<br />/t̪ʰ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">تھ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">द</span></td> <td>da<br />/d̪/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">د</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ध</span></td> <td>dha<br />/d̪ʱ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">دھ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">न</span></td> <td>na<br />/n/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ن</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ल</span></td> <td>la<br />/l/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ل</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">स</span></td> <td>sa<br />/s/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">س، ص، ث</bdi></bdo> </td></tr> <tr> <th><i>oṣṭhya</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Labial" title="Labial">Labiale</a>)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ओष्ठ्य</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">oṣṭhya</span><br /> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ओष्ठ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">oṣṭha</span> ‚Lippe‘) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">प</span></td> <td>pa<br />/p/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">پ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">फ</span></td> <td>pha<br />/pʰ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">پھ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">ब</span></td> <td>ba<br />/b/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">ب</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">भ</span></td> <td>bha<br />/bʱ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">بھ</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">म</span></td> <td>ma<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">م</bdi></bdo> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">व</span></td> <td>va<br />/w, ʋ/<br /><bdo dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r238817674"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="und-Arab" class="Arab arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate">و</bdi></bdo> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligaturen">Ligaturen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Ligaturen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Ligaturen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neben den hier gezeigten Symbolen gibt es noch zahlreiche <a href="/wiki/Ligatur_(Typografie)" title="Ligatur (Typografie)">Ligaturen</a>, welche vor allem im <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> Verwendung finden. Sie treten auf, wenn im Wort oder Satz zwei oder mehrere Konsonanten unmittelbar aufeinandertreffen, z. B. bei dem Wort <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="sa-Deva" class="Deva">आत्मन्</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="sa-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ātman</span> die Konsonanten t und m. In diesem Fall verliert das Schriftzeichen <i>ta</i> seinen senkrechten Strich und wird dem <i>ma</i> vorn angefügt. So verschmelzen <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">त</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ta</span> und <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">म</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ma</span> zu <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">त्म</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573"><span class="Latn" lang="und-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">tma</span>. </p><p>Falls das Zeichen für den ersten Konsonanten keinen senkrechten Strich enthält, so bleibt es weitgehend unverändert und der folgende Konsonant wird (mit Verlust seines waagerechten Striches) untergesetzt, teils auch dahinter angefügt. Zu diesen Regeln gibt es einige Ausnahmen, und ferner einige besondere Schreibweisen mit stärkeren Verkürzungen. Ein paar schöne Beispiele finden sich im Handbuch für das <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a>-Package „devanagari“.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sonstige_Modifikatoren">Sonstige Modifikatoren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Sonstige Modifikatoren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sonstige Modifikatoren"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die wichtigsten Sonderzeichen sind in der untenstehenden Tabelle aufgeführt. Es existieren, speziell im Sanskrit, eine nahezu unüberschaubare Anzahl mehr davon, unter anderem Tonhöhenakzente für die Rezitation etc. Auch existieren viele verschiedene <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">Transliterationssysteme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die untenstehenden Angaben haben sich speziell fürs Hindi als zweckmäßig erwiesen. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">क्</span> </td> <td>k </td> <td>Halant/Virama: unterdrückt das inhärente a </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कँ</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कं</span> </td> <td>kã </td> <td>Candrabindu/Anunasik: Vokal wird nasalisiert, die zweite Variante kommt im Hindi immer mehr in Mode </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कैं</span> </td> <td>ka͠ı </td> <td>Candrabindu/Anunasik: reicht ein Vokalzeichen über die Rekha hinaus, wird nur ein Punkt geschrieben </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">हिंदी</span> </td> <td>hindī / hĩndī </td> <td>Anusvar: vertritt einen Klassennasal vor einem Klassenkonsonanten </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">कः</span> </td> <td>kaḥ </td> <td>Visarga: Aspiration des vorangegangenen Vokals </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ziffern">Ziffern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Ziffern" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Ziffern"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Ziffern der Devanagari und ihre Verwendung in einem <a href="/wiki/Dezimalsystem" title="Dezimalsystem">dezimalen</a> <a href="/wiki/Stellenwertsystem" title="Stellenwertsystem">Stellenwertsystem</a> gehen auf dieselben indischen Wurzeln zurück wie die heutigen, in Europa als <a href="/wiki/Arabische_Zahlen" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabische Zahlen">„arabisch“ bezeichneten Ziffern</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:40px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">०</span> </td> <td style="font-size:40px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">१</span> </td> <td style="font-size:40px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">२</span> </td> <td style="font-size:40px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">३</span> </td> <td style="font-size:40px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">४</span> </td> <td style="font-size:40px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">५</span> </td> <td style="font-size:40px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">६</span> </td> <td style="font-size:40px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">७</span> </td> <td style="font-size:40px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">८</span> </td> <td style="font-size:40px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446"><span lang="und-Deva" class="Deva">९</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Devanagari_in_ISO-8859">Devanagari in ISO-8859</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Devanagari in ISO-8859" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Devanagari in ISO-8859"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Es gab Bestrebungen, Devanagari als <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859" title="ISO 8859">ISO 8859</a>-12 zu standardisieren. Die entsprechenden Arbeiten wurden jedoch 1997 eingestellt.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Devanagari_in_Unicode">Devanagari in Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Devanagari in Unicode" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Devanagari in Unicode"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Der <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>-Bereich für Devanagari ist <i>U+0900 bis U+097F</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mit dem Unicode 4.1.0-Standard wurde am <a href="/wiki/Codepoint" title="Codepoint">Codepoint</a> U+097D ein neues Zeichen eingeführt. Es trägt die Bezeichnung DEVANAGARI LETTER GLOTTAL STOP und wird zum Schreiben des <a href="/wiki/Glottaler_Laut" class="mw-redirect" title="Glottaler Laut">glottalen Lautes</a> im <a href="/wiki/Limbu_(Sprache)" title="Limbu (Sprache)">Limbu</a> verwendet. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:large;" lang="und-Deva"> <tbody><tr lang="de"> <td></td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>A</td> <td>B</td> <td>C</td> <td>D</td> <td>E</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td>090</td> <td>ऀ</td> <td>ँ</td> <td>ं</td> <td>ः</td> <td>ऄ</td> <td>अ</td> <td>आ</td> <td>इ</td> <td>ई</td> <td>उ</td> <td>ऊ</td> <td>ऋ</td> <td>ऌ</td> <td>ऍ</td> <td>ऎ</td> <td>ए </td></tr> <tr> <td>091</td> <td>ऐ</td> <td>ऑ</td> <td>ऒ</td> <td>ओ</td> <td>औ</td> <td>क</td> <td>ख</td> <td>ग</td> <td>घ</td> <td>ङ</td> <td>च</td> <td>छ</td> <td>ज</td> <td>झ</td> <td>ञ</td> <td>ट </td></tr> <tr> <td>092</td> <td>ठ</td> <td>ड</td> <td>ढ</td> <td>ण</td> <td>त</td> <td>थ</td> <td>द</td> <td>ध</td> <td>न</td> <td>ऩ</td> <td>प</td> <td>फ</td> <td>ब</td> <td>भ</td> <td>म</td> <td>य </td></tr> <tr> <td>093</td> <td>र</td> <td>ऱ</td> <td>ल</td> <td>ळ</td> <td>ऴ</td> <td>व</td> <td>श</td> <td>ष</td> <td>स</td> <td>ह</td> <td>ऺ</td> <td>ऻ</td> <td>़</td> <td>ऽ</td> <td>ा</td> <td>ि </td></tr> <tr> <td>094</td> <td>ी</td> <td>ु</td> <td>ू</td> <td>ृ</td> <td>ॄ</td> <td>ॅ</td> <td>ॆ</td> <td>े</td> <td>ै</td> <td>ॉ</td> <td>ॊ</td> <td>ो</td> <td>ौ</td> <td>्</td> <td>ॎ</td> <td>ॏ </td></tr> <tr> <td>095</td> <td>ॐ</td> <td>॑</td> <td>॒</td> <td>॓</td> <td>॔</td> <td>ॕ</td> <td>ॖ</td> <td>ॗ</td> <td>क़</td> <td>ख़</td> <td>ग़</td> <td>ज़</td> <td>ड़</td> <td>ढ़</td> <td>फ़</td> <td>य़ </td></tr> <tr> <td>096</td> <td>ॠ</td> <td>ॡ</td> <td>ॢ</td> <td>ॣ</td> <td>।</td> <td>॥</td> <td>०</td> <td>१</td> <td>२</td> <td>३</td> <td>४</td> <td>५</td> <td>६</td> <td>७</td> <td>८</td> <td>९ </td></tr> <tr> <td>097</td> <td>॰</td> <td>ॱ</td> <td>ॲ</td> <td>ॳ</td> <td>ॴ</td> <td>ॵ</td> <td>ॶ</td> <td>ॷ</td> <td>ॸ</td> <td>ॹ</td> <td>ॺ</td> <td>ॻ</td> <td>ॼ</td> <td>ॽ</td> <td>ॾ</td> <td>ॿ </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Siehe auch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Siehe auch"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicodeblock_Devanagari" title="Unicodeblock Devanagari">Unicodeblock Devanagari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unicodeblock_Devanagari,_erweitert" title="Unicodeblock Devanagari, erweitert">erweitert</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=14" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Götz Hindelang: <i>Einführung in die Devanagari-Schrift anhand des Hindi</i>. Buske, Hamburg 2021, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783967690170" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-96769-017-0</a>.</li> <li>Elvira Friedrich: <i>Einführung in die indischen Schriften. Teil 1: Devanagari</i>. Buske, Hamburg 2012, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783875484625" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-87548-462-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Haarmann" title="Harald Haarmann">Harald Haarmann</a>: <i>Universalgeschichte der Schrift</i>. Kapitel: <i>Die nördliche Gruppe der indischen Schriften.</i> Campus Verlag, Frankfurt/New York 1990, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3593343460" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-593-34346-0</a>, S. 523–542.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=15" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Devanagari?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Devanagari</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/16px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/24px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/32px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Devanagari" class="extiw" title="wikt:Devanagari">Wiktionary: Devanagari</a></b> – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikibooks"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></div><b><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Devanagari" class="extiw" title="b:Devanagari">Wikibooks: Devanagari</a></b> – Lern- und Lehrmaterialien</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.2.0/ch09.pdf">Devanagari</a> (PDF; 1,9 MB) – Kapitel 9 des Unicode-Standards, Abschnitt 9.1 (englisch)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf">Unicode Chart for Devanagari</a> (englisch, PDF, 114 kB)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Hindi-Marathi-Nepali.pdf">Transliterationssysteme für Devanagari</a> (PDF; 245 kB)</li></ul> <p><b>Software</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://de.ashtangayoga.info/sanskrit/transliteration/transliterations-tool/">Transliterationstool</a> – Web basiertes Transliterationstool für Devanagari, Velthuis, Harvard-Kyoto, ITRANS, Simplified</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omkarananda-ashram.org/Sanskrit/Itranslt.html">Itranslator</a> – Freeware zur Umwandlung von ITRANS-codierten Texten in Devanagari und Transliteration (englisch)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskrit.de/konverter.html">Universal-Konverter</a> – Online Konvertierung von Sanskrit-Devanagari, Harvard Kyoto, IAST und ISO in alle Richtungen</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskritweb.net/itrans">Sanskritweb</a> – kostenlose Devanagari-Fonts und Dokumentation zu Itranslator</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&action=edit&section=16" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Datierungen gemäß Klaus Mylius: <i>Geschichte der altindischen Literatur.</i> Fischer Scherz, Bern 1988, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3502164800" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-502-16480-0</a>, S. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<span lang="en"><i>divine city writing</i></span>) nach Monier-Williams: <i>A Sanskrit-English Dictionary.</i> Motilal Banarsidass, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/8120831055" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-208-3105-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S.u. Abschnitt 7 „Ligaturen“.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anshuman Pandey: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Devanāgarī for <span dir="auto" style="font-style:normal">ΤΕΧ</span></cite>. 27. Mai 2006 (englisch, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r246413598">.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento{color:var(--color-base,#202122)!important}</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120201004030/http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/language/devanagari/velthuis/doc/generic/velthuis/manual.pdf">tex.ac.uk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Web-Archivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Web-Archivierung"><span class="webarchiv-memento">Memento</span></a> vom 1. Februar 2012 im <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) [PDF]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Devanagari&rft.au=Anshuman+Pandey&rft.btitle=Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB+for+%CE%A4%CE%95%CE%A7&rft.date=2006-05-27&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas T. Pedersen: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Transliteration of Hindi, Marathi & Nepali</cite>. 20. Juli 2005 (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Hindi-Marathi-Nepali.pdf">eki.ee</a> [PDF]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Devanagari&rft.au=Thomas+T.+Pedersen&rft.btitle=Transliteration+of+Hindi%2C+Marathi+%26+Nepali&rft.date=2005-07-20&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc2/open/2n2933.pdf">ITSCJ. Processing Society of Japan.</a><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://IABotdeadurl.invalid/http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc2/open/2n2933.pdf">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc2/open/2n2933.pdf">@2</a></span><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vorlage:Toter_Link/www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorlage:Toter Link/www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Vorlage:Toter Link/www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp</a></span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Defekte_Weblinks" title="Wikipedia:Defekte Weblinks">Seite nicht mehr abrufbar</a>, festgestellt im April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timetravel.mementoweb.org/list/2010/http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc2/open/2n2933.pdf">Suche in Webarchiven</a>)</small> <small class="archiv-bot"><span class="wp_boppel noviewer" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="i"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pictogram_voting_info.svg/15px-Pictogram_voting_info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pictogram_voting_info.svg/23px-Pictogram_voting_info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pictogram_voting_info.svg/30px-Pictogram_voting_info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></span></span></span> <b>Info:</b> Der Link wurde automatisch als defekt markiert. 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Devanagari&action=show-download-screen"><span>Als PDF herunterladen</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanagari&printable=yes" title="Druckansicht dieser Seite [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Druckversion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Projekten</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Devanagari" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Devanagari" hreflang="de"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38592" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-Datenobjekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Sprachen</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="देवनागरी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="ديوناكري – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديوناكري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="দেৱনাগৰী লিপি – Assamesisch" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দেৱনাগৰী লিপি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devan%C3%A1gari" title="Devanágari – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Devanágari" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanaqari" title="Devanaqari – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Devanaqari" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Деванагари – Baschkirisch" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Деванагари" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baschkirisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Bairisch" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bairisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Дэванагары – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэванагары" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Деванагари – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Деванагари" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="देवनागरी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewanagari" title="Dewanagari – Banjaresisch" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Dewanagari" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjaresisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="দেবনাগরী লিপি – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দেবনাগরী লিপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" title="Devanāgarī – Bretonisch" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Devanāgarī" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دیڤاناگەری – Zentralkurdisch" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دیڤاناگەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Zentralkurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Krimtatarisch" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krimtatarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9van%C3%A1gar%C3%AD" title="Dévanágarí – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dévanágarí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" title="Devanāgarī – Walisisch" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Devanāgarī" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Walisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AAvenagerki" title="Dêvenagerki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dêvenagerki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="देवनागरी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Δεβαναγαρικό αλφάβητο – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεβαναγαρικό αλφάβητο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagario" title="Nagario – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nagario" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanaagari_kiri" title="Devanaagari kiri – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Devanaagari kiri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دیواناگری – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیواناگری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Nordfriesisch" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Nordfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" title="Devanāgarī – Gälisch (Schottland)" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Devanāgarī" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gälisch (Schottland)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devan%C3%A1gari" title="Devanágari – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Devanágari" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी लिपी – Goa-Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="देवनागरी लिपी" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goa-Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80" title="દેવનાગરી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="દેવનાગરી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91_%D7%93%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99" title="כתב דוואנגרי – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתב דוואנגרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="देवनागरी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagri" title="Devanagri – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Devanagri" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9van%C3%A1gari_%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Dévanágari írás – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dévanágari írás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Դևանագարի – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դևանագարի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Dewanagari" title="Aksara Dewanagari – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara Dewanagari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari_alfabeto" title="Devanagari alfabeto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Devanagari alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagar%C3%AD" title="Devanagarí – Isländisch" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Devanagarí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Isländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_devanagari" title="Alfabeto devanagari – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto devanagari" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="デーヴァナーガリー – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デーヴァナーガリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_D%C3%A9wanagari" title="Aksara Déwanagari – Javanisch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aksara Déwanagari" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="დევანაგარი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დევანაგარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Diwanagori" title="Aksara Diwanagori – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Aksara Diwanagori" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Деванагари – Kasachisch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Деванагари" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="អក្សរទេវនាគរី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អក្សរទេវនាគរី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF" title="ದೇವನಾಗರಿ ಲಿಪಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದೇವನಾಗರಿ ಲಿಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EB%B0%94%EB%82%98%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="데바나가리 문자 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데바나가리 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagar%C3%AE" title="Devanagarî – Kurdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Devanagarî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Latein" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_devanagari" title="Alfabeta devanagari – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta devanagari" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Devanagari raštas – Litauisch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Devanagari raštas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%93van%C4%81gar%C4%AB" title="Dēvanāgarī – Lettisch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dēvanāgarī" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="देवनागरी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Деванагари – Mazedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Деванагари" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="ദേവനാഗരി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദേവനാഗരി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Деванагари бичиг – Mongolisch" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Деванагари бичиг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯗꯦꯚꯅꯥꯒꯔꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ – Meithei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯗꯦꯚꯅꯥꯒꯔꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meithei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="देवनागरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulisan_Dewanagari" title="Tulisan Dewanagari – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulisan Dewanagari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="ဒေဝနာဂရီအက္ခရာ – Birmanisch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒေဝနာဂရီအက္ခရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="देवनागरी लिपि – Nepalesisch" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="देवनागरी लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="देवनागरी लिपि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="देवनागरी लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" title="Devanāgarī – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Devanāgarī" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Okzitanisch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਦੇਵਨਾਗਰੀ ਲਿਪੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੇਵਨਾਗਰੀ ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan%C3%A1gar%C3%AE" title="Dewanágarî – Pampanggan" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Dewanágarî" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanggan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="देवनागरी" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_dewanagari" title="Pismo dewanagari – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo dewanagari" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="دیو ناگری لپی – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دیو ناگری لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%90%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="دېوناگري – Paschtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دېوناگري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paschtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devan%C3%A1gari" title="Devanágari – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Devanágari" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwanaqri_siq%27i_llumpa" title="Diwanaqri siq'i llumpa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Diwanaqri siq'i llumpa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devnagr%C4%AB" title="Devnagrī – Vlax-Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Devnagrī" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax-Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Деванагари – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Деванагари" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="देवनागरी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%BD" title="ديوناگري اسڪرپٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ديوناگري اسڪرپٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Nordsamisch" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Nordsamisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93" title="දේවනාගරී – Singhalesisch" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දේවනාගරී" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9van%C3%A1gar%C3%AD" title="Dévanágarí – Slowakisch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dévanágarí" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دیوناگری – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="دیوناگری" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Albanisch" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Деванагари – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Деванагари" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" title="Devanāgarī – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Devanāgarī" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="தேவநாகரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தேவநாகரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF" title="దేవనాగరి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="దేవనాగరి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Девоногарӣ – Tadschikisch" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Девоногарӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadschikisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรเทวนาครี – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรเทวนาครี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Деванагари – Tatarisch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Деванагари" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96" title="Деванаґарі – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Деванаґарі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دیوناگری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دیوناگری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Usbekisch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbekisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Devanagari" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87" title="天城文 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="天城文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="დევანაგარი – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დევანაგარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99" title="דעוואנאגארי – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דעוואנאגארי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87" title="天城文 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天城文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E9%AB%94" title="天城體 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="天城體" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E5%AD%97" title="天城字 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天城字" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38592#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Links auf Artikel in anderen Sprachen bearbeiten" class="wbc-editpage">Links bearbeiten</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 23. 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