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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bernard Cornfeld</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bernard+Cornfeld%22">"Bernard Cornfeld"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bernard+Cornfeld%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bernard+Cornfeld%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bernard+Cornfeld%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bernard+Cornfeld%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bernard+Cornfeld%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Bernard Cornfeld</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1927-08-17</span>)</span>17 August 1927<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 February 1995<span style="display:none">(1995-02-27)</span> (aged 67)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">London, UK</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Bernie</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Financier, businessman</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bernard</b> "<b>Bernie</b>" <b>Cornfeld</b> (17 August 1927 – 27 February 1995) was a prominent businessman and international financier who sold investments in US <a href="/wiki/Mutual_fund" title="Mutual fund">mutual funds</a>, and who was tried and acquitted for mismanagement of the <a href="/wiki/Investors_Overseas_Service" title="Investors Overseas Service">Investors Overseas Services</a> (IOS). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Cornfeld&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bernard Cornfeld was born in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, in Turkey. His father was a <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> actor; his mother was from a Russian-Jewish family. They moved to the United States when Bernard was four years old; his father died two years later. The young <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>-raised Cornfeld worked after school each day in fruit stores and as a delivery boy. He had a <a href="/wiki/Stammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Stammer">stammer</a> as well as a natural gift for selling and when a schoolfriend's father died, the two of them used the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>3,000 <a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">insurance</a> money to purchase and run an age and weight guessing stand at the <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a> funfair. He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_High_School_(Brooklyn,_New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Lincoln High School (Brooklyn, New York)">Abraham Lincoln High School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_College" title="Brooklyn College">Brooklyn College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-death_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-death-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He initially worked as a social worker, but then switched to selling mutual funds for an investment house. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investors_Overseas_Services">Investors Overseas Services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Cornfeld&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Investors Overseas Services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bernard_Cornfeld" title="Special:EditPage/Bernard Cornfeld">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the 1960s, Cornfeld formed his own mutual fund sales company, <a href="/wiki/Investors_Overseas_Service" title="Investors Overseas Service">Investors Overseas Services</a> (IOS), with principal offices in <a href="/wiki/Geneva,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva, Switzerland">Geneva, Switzerland</a>, although it was incorporated in Panama. Although the executive headquarters were in Geneva, the main operational offices of IOS were in <a href="/wiki/Ferney-Voltaire" title="Ferney-Voltaire">Ferney-Voltaire</a>, France, across the French border from Geneva. During this period, <a href="/wiki/Diane_von_Furstenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Diane von Furstenberg">Diane von Furstenberg</a> worked for Cornfeld as a receptionist. </p><p>Cornfeld decided that mutual funds should take their fees from the profits they made for their investors, not just a percentage of the money invested. </p><p>The IOS system collapsed in 1970. Cornfeld was arrested in Switzerland in 1973 and sentenced to 11 months in preventive prison; however, he was ultimately acquitted in 1979. Having kept part of his earnings, he was able to maintain a luxurious (albeit less ostentatious) lifestyle until he died in 1995. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_business_ventures">Other business ventures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Cornfeld&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other business ventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following his acquittal, Cornfeld settled in <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>, where he ingratiated himself to film industry circles. For a period of time until 1992, he lived in the <a href="/wiki/Grayhall" title="Grayhall">Grayhall</a> mansion, built in 1909 and at one time leased by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornfeld numbered among his friends <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Phillips" title="Michelle Phillips">Michelle Phillips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Harvey" title="Laurence Harvey">Laurence Harvey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Lownes" title="Victor Lownes">Victor Lownes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Hefner" title="Hugh Hefner">Hugh Hefner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris" title="Richard Harris">Richard Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Capp" title="Al Capp">Al Capp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Curtis" title="Tony Curtis">Tony Curtis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Sackler" title="Howard Sackler">Howard Sackler</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Heyman" title="John Heyman">John Heyman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Reuben" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Reuben">Simon Reuben</a>. </p><p>In 1972, Cornfeld bankrolled the Paradise Ballroom, partnering with New York showman <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brandt" title="Jerry Brandt">Jerry Brandt</a>. The club, an attempt by Brandt to re-create his New York disco, <i>The Electric Circus</i> in Los Angeles was a failure, and Cornfeld closed the business.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grayhall mansion doubled as the home of rock star John Norman Howard (<a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a>) in the 1976 version of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Star_Is_Born_(1976_film)" title="A Star Is Born (1976 film)">A Star Is Born</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a>. At the age of 60, Cornfeld had an affair with the then 19-year-old <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Fleiss" title="Heidi Fleiss">Heidi Fleiss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-levy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1990s, Cornfeld had developed an obsession for <a href="/wiki/Health_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Health food">health foods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vitamins" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamins">vitamins</a>, renounced <a href="/wiki/Red_meat" title="Red meat">red meat</a> and seldom drank alcohol. In his last years he was a chairman of a land development firm in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> and also owned a real estate company in Los Angeles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Cornfeld&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bernard Cornfeld suffered a stroke and died of <a href="/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus" title="Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus">MRSA</a> on 27 February 1995 in London, England.<sup id="cite_ref-death_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-death-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was tended to by his 17 year old daughter, Jessica.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Cornfeld&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-death-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-death_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-death_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHenriques1995" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diana_B._Henriques" title="Diana B. Henriques">Henriques, Diana B.</a> (2 March 1995). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/02/obituaries/bernard-cornfeld-67-dies-led-flamboyant-mutual-fund.html">"Bernard Cornfeld, 67, Dies; Led Flamboyant Mutual Fund"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090713040705/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/02/obituaries/bernard-cornfeld-67-dies-led-flamboyant-mutual-fund.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bernard+Cornfeld%2C+67%2C+Dies%3B+Led+Flamboyant+Mutual+Fund&rft.date=1995-03-02&rft.aulast=Henriques&rft.aufirst=Diana+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F03%2F02%2Fobituaries%2Fbernard-cornfeld-67-dies-led-flamboyant-mutual-fund.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernard+Cornfeld" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWanamaker2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Wanamaker" title="Marc Wanamaker">Wanamaker, Marc</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gwMyg0wEdDEC&dq=Silsby+Spalding&pg=PA42"><i>Early Beverly Hills</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780738530680" title="Special:BookSources/9780738530680"><bdi>9780738530680</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Beverly+Hills&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780738530680&rft.aulast=Wanamaker&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgwMyg0wEdDEC%26dq%3DSilsby%2BSpalding%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernard+Cornfeld" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaines1979" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Gaines" title="Steven Gaines">Gaines, Steven</a> (25 June 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lOECAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA56">"Got Tu Go Hustle: Presenting the Grand Man"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i>. Vol. 12, no. 26. p. 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=Got+Tu+Go+Hustle%3A+Presenting+the+Grand+Man&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=56&rft.date=1979-06-25&rft.aulast=Gaines&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlOECAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernard+Cornfeld" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-levy-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-levy_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Levy_(writer)" title="Ariel Levy (writer)">Levy, Ariel</a> (25 May 2008). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3673672/The-world-according-to-Heidi-Fleiss.html">"The world according to Heidi Fleiss"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629130652/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3673672/The-world-according-to-Heidi-Fleiss.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+world+according+to+Heidi+Fleiss&rft.date=2008-05-25&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2F3673672%2FThe-world-according-to-Heidi-Fleiss.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernard+Cornfeld" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Cornfeld&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bernie_Cornfeld_Story&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Bernie Cornfeld Story (page does not exist)">The Bernie Cornfeld Story</a></i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bert_Cantor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bert Cantor (page does not exist)">Bert Cantor</a>, (Lyle Stuart, Inc., 1970). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8184-0013-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8184-0013-7">0-8184-0013-7</a></li> <li>With title quoting Cornfeld's celebrated pitch – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do_You_Sincerely_Want_To_Be_Rich%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Do You Sincerely Want To Be Rich? (page does not exist)">Do You Sincerely Want To Be Rich?</a></i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Raw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Raw (page does not exist)">Charles Raw</a> with Godfrey Hodgson and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_Page&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce Page (page does not exist)">Bruce Page</a> (Originally published by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Deutsch" title="André Deutsch">André Deutsch</a> in 1971, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-233-96328-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-233-96328-6">0-233-96328-6</a>; reprinted by the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Larceny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Library of Larceny (page does not exist)">Library of Larceny</a>", 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7679-2006-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7679-2006-6">0-7679-2006-6</a> )</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Cornfeld&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060616151616/http://www.buyandhold.com/bh/en/education/history/2002/fund.html">Article analyzing the workings of IOS and Cornfeld's career</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060618185100/http://www.thebeverlyhillscourier.com/07252003/estate.htm">Article about Grayhall, Cornfeld's Beverly Hills mansion, formerly leased by Douglas Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090713040705/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/02/obituaries/bernard-cornfeld-67-dies-led-flamboyant-mutual-fund.html"><i>New York Times</i> obituary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090220064605/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/1995/03/01/1995-03-01_mogul_bernie_cornfeld__ex-ca.html"><i>Daily News</i> obituary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080721111402/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979060-3,00.html">"Heidi Does Hollywood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. (16 August 1993).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090220010225/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,983051,00.html">"The Predator's Fall"</a>. <i>Time</i>. (19 June 1995).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090220010501/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916989,00.html">"Bernie Cleared"</a>. <i>Time</i>. (29 October 1979).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scams_and_confidence_tricks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scams_and_confidence_tricks" title="Template:Scams and confidence tricks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scams_and_confidence_tricks" title="Template talk:Scams and confidence tricks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scams_and_confidence_tricks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scams and confidence tricks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scams_and_confidence_tricks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Scams and confidence tricks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scam" title="Scam">Scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error_account" title="Error account">Error account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shill" title="Shill">Shill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyster" title="Shyster">Shyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucker_list" title="Sucker list">Sucker list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advance-fee_scam" title="Advance-fee scam">Advance-fee scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_student_scam" title="Art student scam">Art student scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badger_game" title="Badger game">Badger game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bait-and-switch" title="Bait-and-switch">Bait-and-switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_money_scam" title="Black money scam">Black money scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_scam" title="Blessing scam">Blessing scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogus_escrow" title="Bogus escrow">Bogus escrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler_room_(business)" title="Boiler room (business)">Boiler room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bride_scam" title="Bride scam">Bride scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_fraud" title="Charity fraud">Charity fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clip_joint" title="Clip joint">Clip joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin-matching_game" title="Coin-matching game">Coin-matching game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_rolling_scams" title="Coin rolling scams">Coin rolling scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_swindle" title="Drop swindle">Drop swindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embarrassing_cheque" title="Embarrassing cheque">Embarrassing cheque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_scam" title="Exit scam">Exit scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_real_estate" title="Extraterrestrial real estate">Extraterrestrial real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddle_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiddle game">Fiddle game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_print" title="Fine print">Fine print</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreclosure_rescue_scheme" title="Foreclosure rescue scheme">Foreclosure rescue scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_fraud" title="Foreign exchange fraud">Foreign exchange fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_telling_fraud" title="Fortune telling fraud">Fortune telling fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gem_scam" title="Gem scam">Gem scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get-rich-quick_scheme" title="Get-rich-quick scheme">Get-rich-quick scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_goods_scam" title="Green goods scam">Green goods scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hustling" title="Hustling">Hustling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_coal_allocation_scam" title="Indian coal allocation scam">Indian coal allocation scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRS_impersonation_scam" title="IRS impersonation scam">IRS impersonation scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scams_in_intellectual_property" title="Scams in intellectual property">Intellectual property scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Shuffle" title="Kansas City Shuffle">Kansas City Shuffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locksmith_scam" title="Locksmith scam">Locksmith scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_firm_fraud" title="Long firm fraud">Long firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mismarking" title="Mismarking">Mismarking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mock_auction" title="Mock auction">Mock auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_scam" title="Moving scam">Moving scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpayment_scam" title="Overpayment scam">Overpayment scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_safe" title="Patent safe">Patent safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_in_a_poke" title="Pig in a poke">Pig in a poke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_drop" title="Pigeon drop">Pigeon drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel" title="Pork barrel">Pork barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_and_dump" title="Pump and dump">Pump and dump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemption_movement" title="Redemption movement">Redemption/A4V schemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reloading_scam" title="Reloading scam">Reloading scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_fraud" title="Return fraud">Return fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salting_(confidence_trick)" title="Salting (confidence trick)">Salting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_game" title="Shell game">Shell game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_baby_hoax" title="Sick baby hoax">Sick baby hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_swap_scam" title="SIM swap scam">SIM swap scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_reparations_scam" title="Slavery reparations scam">Slavery reparations scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Prisoner" title="Spanish Prisoner">Spanish Prisoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSA_impersonation_scam" title="SSA impersonation scam">SSA impersonation scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSC_Scam" title="SSC Scam">SSC Scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_search_phone_call_scam" title="Strip search phone call scam">Strip search phone call scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swampland_in_Florida" title="Swampland in Florida">Swampland in Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmac_scam" title="Tarmac scam">Tarmac scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_support_scam" title="Technical support scam">Technical support scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemarketing_fraud" title="Telemarketing fraud">Telemarketing fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_tailor_scam" title="Thai tailor scam">Thai tailor scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_zig_zag_scam" title="Thai zig zag scam">Thai zig zag scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-card_monte" title="Three-card monte">Three-card monte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_horse_(business)" title="Trojan horse (business)">Trojan horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wash_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Wash trading">Wash trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_van_speaker_scam" title="White van speaker scam">White van speaker scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work-at-home_scheme" title="Work-at-home scheme">Work-at-home scheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_fraud" title="Internet fraud">Internet scams</a> and<br />countermeasures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_(phishing_group)" title="Avalanche (phishing group)">Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_butchering_scam" title="Pig butchering scam">Pig Butchering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carding_(fraud)" title="Carding (fraud)">Carding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catfishing" title="Catfishing">Catfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Click_fraud" title="Click fraud">Click fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clickjacking" title="Clickjacking">Clickjacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramming_(fraud)" title="Cramming (fraud)">Cramming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cryptocurrency_scams" title="Category:Cryptocurrency scams">Cryptocurrency scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybercrime" title="Cybercrime">Cybercrime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyberThrill" title="CyberThrill">CyberThrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkMarket" title="DarkMarket">DarkMarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_name_scams" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain name scams">Domain name scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email_authentication" title="Email authentication">Email authentication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email_fraud" title="Email fraud">Email fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_vigilantism" title="Internet vigilantism">Internet vigilantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenny_(bot)" title="Lenny (bot)">Lenny anti-scam bot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lottery_scam" title="Lottery scam">Lottery scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPaI" title="PayPaI">PayPai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">Phishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referer_spoofing" title="Referer spoofing">Referer spoofing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripoff_Report" title="Ripoff Report">Ripoff Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Phish" title="Rock Phish">Rock Phish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_scam" title="Romance scam">Romance scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Business_Network" title="Russian Business Network">Russian Business Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SaferNet" title="SaferNet">SaferNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scam_baiting" title="Scam baiting">Scam baiting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/419eater.com" title="419eater.com">419eater.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Browning_(YouTuber)" title="Jim Browning (YouTuber)">Jim Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitboga_(streamer)" title="Kitboga (streamer)">Kitboga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scammer_Payback" title="Scammer Payback">Scammer Payback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShadowCrew" title="ShadowCrew">ShadowCrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoofed_URL" title="Spoofed URL">Spoofed URL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoofing_attack" title="Spoofing attack">Spoofing attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_Generation" title="Stock Generation">Stock Generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_phishing" title="Voice phishing">Voice phishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reputation_management" title="Reputation management">Website reputation ratings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_scheme" title="Pyramid scheme">Pyramid</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Ponzi_scheme" title="Ponzi scheme">Ponzi schemes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aman_Futures_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Aman Futures Group">Aman Futures Group</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bernard Cornfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_(Ponzi_scheme)" title="Caritas (Ponzi scheme)">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dona_Branca" title="Dona Branca">Dona Branca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Jones_(investment_advisor)" title="Earl Jones (investment advisor)">Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezubao" title="Ezubao">Ezubao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_New_Era_Philanthropy" title="Foundation for New Era Philanthropy">Foundation for New Era Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franchise_fraud" title="Franchise fraud">Franchise fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-yield_investment_program" title="High-yield investment program">High-yield investment program (HYIP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investors_Overseas_Service" title="Investors Overseas Service">Investors Overseas Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_investment_scam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapa investment scam">Kapa investment scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubus_scheme" title="Kubus scheme">Kubus scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madoff_investment_scandal" title="Madoff investment scandal">Madoff investment scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_Money_Fast" title="Make Money Fast">Make Money Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_scheme" title="Matrix scheme">Matrix scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMM_(Ponzi_scheme_company)" title="MMM (Ponzi scheme company)">MMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petters_Group_Worldwide" title="Petters Group Worldwide">Petters Group Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_schemes_in_Albania" title="Pyramid schemes in Albania">Pyramid schemes in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Slatkin" title="Reed Slatkin">Reed Slatkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saradha_Group_financial_scandal" title="Saradha Group financial scandal">Saradha Group financial scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Sister" title="Secret Sister">Secret Sister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Rothstein" title="Scott W. Rothstein">Scott W. Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Financial_Group" title="Stanford Financial Group">Stanford Financial Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Thrasher_faith_scam" title="Welsh Thrasher faith scam">Welsh Thrasher faith scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinCapita" title="WinCapita">WinCapita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_con_artists" title="List of con artists">Con artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_confidence_tricks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of confidence tricks">Confidence tricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_criminal_enterprises,_gangs,_and_syndicates" title="List of criminal enterprises, gangs, and syndicates">Criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_impostors" title="List of impostors">Impostors</a></li> <li>In the media <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confidence_tricks_in_film_and_television" title="Confidence tricks in film and television">Film and television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confidence_tricks_in_literature" title="Confidence tricks in literature">Literature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ponzi_schemes" title="List of Ponzi schemes">Ponzi schemes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/60014936">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/18393/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkdfDwfqBqYmxvkBTKKh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124375111">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cornfeld, Bernie, 1927-1995"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50058201">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620527">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007278335905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd124375111.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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