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A 7th person with HIV is probably cured after stem cell transplant for leukemia, scientists say

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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":{"@vocab":"http://schema.org","articleId":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"topics":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"}},"@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"A 7th person with HIV is probably cured after stem cell transplant for leukemia, scientists say","url":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/7th-person-hiv-cured-stem-cell-transplant-leukemia-scientists-say-rcna161897","thumbnailUrl":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_social_share_1024x768_scale,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-hiv-electron-mn-1125-ffdd77.jpg","alternativeHeadline":"A 7th person with HIV is probably cured after stem cell transplant for leukemia, scientists say","articleBody":"A German man has probably been cured of HIV, a medical milestone achieved by only six other people in the more than 40 years since the AIDS epidemic began.  The German man, who prefers to remain anonymous, was treated for acute myeloid leukemia, or AML, with a stem cell transplant in October 2015. He stopped taking his antiretroviral drugs in September 2018 and remains in viral remission with no rebound. Multiple ultra-sensitive tests have detected no viable HIV in his body. In a statement, the man said of his remission: “A healthy person has many wishes, a sick person only one.” The case, which investigators said offered vital lessons for HIV cure research, is expected to be presented Wednesday by Dr. Christian Gaebler, a physician-scientist at the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, at the 25th International AIDS Conference in Munich.  “The longer we see these HIV remissions without any HIV therapy, the more confidence we can get that we’re probably seeing a case where we really have eradicated all competent HIV,” Gaebler said. As with all previous cases of potential HIV cure, experts are eager to temper public excitement with a caveat: The treatment that apparently thwarted the virus in the seven patients will ever be available to only a select few. All contracted HIV and later developed blood cancer, which demanded stem cell transplants to treat the malignancy. The transplants — in most cases from donors selected because their immune cells, the cells that HIV targets — boasted a rare, natural resistance to the virus and were instrumental in apparently eradicating all viable, or competent, copies of the virus from the body. Stem cell transplants are highly toxic and can be fatal. So it would be unethical to provide them to people with HIV except to treat separate diseases, like blood cancer. HIV is monumentally difficult to cure because some of the cells it infects are long-living immune cells that are in or enter a dormant state. Standard antiretroviral treatment for HIV works only on immune cells that, typical of infected cells, are actively making new viral copies. Consequently, HIV within resting cells stays under the radar. Collectively, such cells are known as the viral reservoir. At any moment, a reservoir cell can start producing HIV. That is why if people with the virus stop taking their antiretrovirals, their viral loads typically rebound within weeks. A stem cell transplant has the potential to cure HIV in part because it requires destroying a person’s cancer-afflicted immune system with chemotherapy and sometimes radiation and replacing it with a donor’s healthy immune system.  In five of the seven cases of definite or possible HIV cure, doctors found donors who had rare, natural defects in both copies of a gene that gives rise to a particular protein, called CCR5, on the surface of immune cells. Most HIV strains attach to that protein to infect cells. Without functional CCR5 proteins, immune cells are HIV-resistant. The German man’s donor had just one copy of the CCR5 gene, meaning his immune cells most likely have about half the normal quantity of that protein. In addition, he had only one copy of the gene himself. Together, those two genetic factors may have upped his chances of a cure, Gaebler said. While having two copies of the defective CCR5 gene is rare, occurring in about 1% of people with native northern European ancestry, having one copy occurs in about 16% of such people. “So the study suggests that we can broaden the donor pool for these kinds of cases,” Dr. Sharon Lewin, director of the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity in Melbourne, Australia, said in a media briefing last week. Interestingly, a man treated in Geneva whose possible HIV cure was announced last year had a donor with two normal copies of the CCR5 gene. So his transplanted immune cells were not HIV-resistant. Those two recent European cases raise critical questions about the factors that actually contribute to a successful HIV cure.  “The level of protection one might have predicted from transplant should not have been enough to prevent the virus from surviving and rebounding,” Dr. Steven Deeks, a leading HIV cure researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who is not involved with the German man’s care, said of his case. “There are several testable theories, so I am optimistic we will learn something here that could shape the next generation of cure studies.” Gaebler said having HIV-resistant immune cells in the mix surely greatly improves the chances of success in curing the virus with a stem cell transplant. And yet, he said, lacking that safety net, or having one with some holes in it, as with the German man, does not preclude success. “We need to understand how the new immune system successfully grafted into his body and how it successfully eliminated HIV reservoirs over time,” he said. Suggesting that the transplanted immune cells may have attacked the viral reservoir, he said, “The donor’s innate immune system might have played an important role here.”   The 6 others cured or possibly cured of HIV All were initially known by pseudonyms based on where they were treated. Timothy Ray Brown, aka the “Berlin patient.” Brown, an American living in Germany, was treated for AML. When his case was announced in 2008, it galvanized the HIV research field. Born in 1966, he was cured of HIV but died of recurrent leukemia in 2020. Adam Castillejo, aka the “London patient.” Castillejo, 44, a Venezuelan man living in England, received a stem cell transplant for AML in 2016 and stopped HIV treatment in 2017. He is considered cured.Marc Franke, the “Düsseldorf patient.” Treated with a stem cell transplant for AML in 2013, Franke, 55, went off antiretrovirals in November 2018 and is considered cured. Paul Edmonds, aka the “City of Hope patient.” Edmonds, the oldest potential cure case at 63 when he received a stem-cell transplant for AML in 2019, received reduced-intensity chemotherapy because of his age. Off antiretrovirals since March 2021, he will be considered cured when he hits five years with no viral rebound. In an interview, he expressed excitement over the new case of a man probably cured, as well, and said, “My vision is clear: a world where HIV is no longer a sentence, but a footnote in history.” The “New York patient.” The first woman and person of mixed-race ancestry possibly to be cured, she was diagnosed with leukemia in 2017 and received a stem cell transplant augmented with umbilical cord blood, which allowed for a lower genetic match with her donor, thus broadening the donor pool.The “Geneva patient.” In his 50s, he was diagnosed with a rare blood cancer in 2018 and has been off of HIV treatment since November 2021. Researchers remain cautious about his cure status because his immune cells are not HIV resistant.   Franke, Edmonds and Castillejo, who have become friends, are expected to attend the HIV conference in Munich.","dateModified":"2024-07-18T14:00:40.000Z","datePublished":"2024-07-18T14:00:40.000Z","articleSection":"health","articleId":"rcna161897","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"uid","value":"rcna161897"},"topics":"","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-1500w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-hiv-electron-mn-1125-ffdd77.jpg","caption":"An electron microscope image shows a human T cell, blue, under attack by HIV, yellow, the virus that causes AIDS. "},"author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"Benjamin Ryan","image":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-1500w,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2023_06/3593830/ben_ryan_headshot.jpg","jobTitle":null,"description":"Benjamin Ryan is independent journalist specializing in science and LGBTQ coverage. He contributes to NBC News, The New York Times, The Guardian and Thomson Reuters Foundation and has also written for The Washington Post, The Nation, The Atlantic and New York.","sameAs":["https://x.com/benryanwriter"]}],"publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"NBC News","masthead":"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/nbc-news-digital-editors-n893846","url":"https://www.nbcnews.com","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/h_60/v1696280688/newsgroup-logos/nbcnews/logo/primary-black-424x45.png"},"sameAs":["https://x.com/nbcnews","https://www.pinterest.com/nbcnews/","https://www.facebook.com/NBCNews/","https://www.instagram.com/nbcnews/","https://www.youtube.com/nbcnews","https://www.snapchat.com/p/8bb879c7-45c0-499c-bb3c-7a3d0e229301/2193844248074240","https://www.tiktok.com/@nbcnews?lang=en"]},"description":"A German man has probably been cured of HIV, a medical milestone achieved by only six other people in the more than 40 years since the AIDS epidemic began.","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/7th-person-hiv-cured-stem-cell-transplant-leukemia-scientists-say-rcna161897"},"keywords":"News"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":{"@vocab":"http://schema.org","pageType":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"vertical":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"subVertical":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"section":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"subSection":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"label":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"packageId":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"sponsor":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"ecommerceEnabled":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"videoPlayerCount":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"appVersion":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"tags":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"},"gatedContentEnabled":{"@id":"Text","@type":"@id"}},"@type":"Dataset","name":"additionalTaxonomy","description":"This is additional taxonomy that helps us with analytics","url":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/7th-person-hiv-cured-stem-cell-transplant-leukemia-scientists-say-rcna161897","pageType":"Article","vertical":"news","subVertical":"","section":"health","subSection":"health-news","label":"","packageId":"","sponsor":"","ecommerceEnabled":false,"videoPlayerCount":0,"appVersion":"5.553.0","tags":"","gatedContentEnabled":false}</script><meta name="socialCopy" content="A German man has probably been cured of HIV, a medical milestone achieved by only six other people in the more than 40 years since the AIDS epidemic began."/><title>A 7th person with HIV is probably cured after stem cell transplant for leukemia, scientists say</title><meta name="description" content="A German man has probably been cured of HIV, a medical milestone achieved by only six other people in the more than 40 years since the AIDS epidemic began."/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/7th-person-hiv-cured-stem-cell-transplant-leukemia-scientists-say-rcna161897"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/7th-person-hiv-cured-stem-cell-transplant-leukemia-scientists-say-rcna161897"/><meta property="og:title" content="A 7th person with HIV is probably cured after stem cell transplant for leukemia, scientists say"/><meta property="og:description" content="A man in Germany has no detectable HIV in his body after he was treated in 2015. 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class="js-portal-below-header"></div><div id="header-end" tabindex="-1"></div><div><div><article class="styles_article__Ee5Ad article"><section class="article-hero__container default" data-testid="article-hero"><div class="article-hero__bg-container"><div class="article-hero__divider"></div><header class="article-hero__header mh0-print layout-grid-container"><aside class="article-hero__unibrow-grid layout-grid-item grid-col-2-l"><div data-testid="unibrow-container" class="unibrow articleTitleSection article-hero__tax-term"><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health"><span data-testid="unibrow-text">Health news</span></a></div></aside><div class="article-hero-headline layout-grid-item grid-col-10-l"><h1 class="article-hero-headline__htag lh-none-print black-print">A 7th person with HIV is probably cured after stem cell transplant for leukemia, scientists say</h1><div class="styles_articleDek__Icz5H styles_withImage__SSIip" data-testid="article-dek">A man in Germany has no detectable HIV in his body after he was treated in 2015. Only six other cases have achieved the milestone since the AIDS epidemic began.</div></div></header></div><div class="article-hero__media-holder layout-grid-container"><div class="article-hero__media-container layout-grid-item grid-col-10-xl grid-col-push-2-xl"><figure class="article-hero__main"><picture class="article-hero__main-image" data-testid="picture"><source media="(min-width: 1000px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-1000w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-hiv-electron-mn-1125-ffdd77.jpg"/><source media="(min-width: 758px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-760w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-hiv-electron-mn-1125-ffdd77.jpg"/><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-560w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-hiv-electron-mn-1125-ffdd77.jpg"/><img src="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-560w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-hiv-electron-mn-1125-ffdd77.jpg" alt="An electron microscope image shows a human T cell, blue, under attack by HIV, yellow, the virus that causes AIDS. " height="1876" width="2500"/></picture></figure></div><figcaption class="caption article-hero__caption layout-grid-item grid-col-10-xl grid-col-push-2-xl" data-testid="caption"><span class="caption__container" data-testid="caption__container">An electron microscope image shows a human T cell, blue, under attack by HIV, yellow, the virus that causes AIDS. </span><span class="caption__source" data-testid="caption__source">National Institutes of Health via AP file</span></figcaption></div></section><div class="article-body" data-activity-map="article-article-body" data-taboola-target="read-more" data-testid="article-body"><div class="article-body__grid--container"><div class="ad dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="interstitial" data-sizes="[[[0,0],[[4,4]]]]" data-refresh-interval="0" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><div class="article-body__section"><div class="article-body layout-grid-item layout-grid-item--with-gutter-s-only grid-col-10-m grid-col-push-1-m grid-col-6-xl grid-col-push-2-xl article-body--custom-column"></div></div><div class="article-body__section layout-grid-container article-body__last-section article-body__first-section"><div class="article-body layout-grid-item layout-grid-item--with-gutter-s-only grid-col-10-m grid-col-push-1-m grid-col-6-xl grid-col-push-2-xl article-body--custom-column"><section class="mb7"><div class="article-social-share-top" data-testid="article-body-social-share-menu"><ul class="styles_container__ZKkl3 social-share-menu__container" data-activity-map="social-share-links-article-top" data-testid="social-share-menu"><li data-testid="social-share-facebook" class="styles_item__b5A78 styles_facebook__bOW_X"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/7th-person-hiv-cured-stem-cell-transplant-leukemia-scientists-say-rcna161897&amp;cid=article_social_share_facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="styles_link__RsJVU"><span class="icon icon-share-facebook"></span></a></li><li data-testid="social-share-twitter" class="styles_item__b5A78 styles_twitter__ww7sF"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=A%207th%20person%20with%20HIV%20is%20probably%20cured%20after%20stem%20cell%20transplant%20for%20leukemia%2C%20scientists%20say&amp;via=nbcnews&amp;url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/7th-person-hiv-cured-stem-cell-transplant-leukemia-scientists-say-rcna161897&amp;original_referer=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/7th-person-hiv-cured-stem-cell-transplant-leukemia-scientists-say-rcna161897&amp;cid=article_social_share_twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="styles_link__RsJVU"><span class="icon icon-twitter"></span></a></li><li data-testid="social-share-email" class="styles_item__b5A78"><a href="mailto:?subject=A 7th person with HIV is probably cured after stem cell transplant for leukemia, scientists say&amp;body=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/7th-person-hiv-cured-stem-cell-transplant-leukemia-scientists-say-rcna161897" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="styles_link__RsJVU"><span class="icon icon-share-email"></span></a></li><li data-testid="social-share-copy" class="dn db-m styles_item__b5A78 styles_copy__RACZ3"><button type="button" class="styles_button__b3sx_"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></button><div class="styles_copyTooltip__Ut_t1"><span class="icon icon-alt-check"></span></div></li><li data-testid="social-share-sms" class="styles_item__b5A78 styles_sms__Vohh6"><a href="sms:?&amp;body=A 7th person with HIV is probably cured after stem cell transplant for leukemia, scientists say via nbcnews - https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/7th-person-hiv-cured-stem-cell-transplant-leukemia-scientists-say-rcna161897" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="styles_link__RsJVU"><span class="icon icon-sms"></span></a></li><li data-testid="social-share-save" class="styles_save__ILVuj"></li></ul></div><div class="article-body__date-source" data-testid="article-body-timestamp"><time class="relative z-1" dateTime="2024-07-18T14:00:40.000Z" data-testid="timestamp__datePublished" content="2024-07-18T14:00:40.000Z">July 18, 2024, 2:00 PM UTC</time></div><div class="article-body__byline"><div class="article-inline-byline" data-activity-map="inline-byline-article-top">By <span class="byline-name" data-testid="byline-name">Benjamin Ryan</span></div></div></section><div class="article-body__content"><p class="">A German man has probably been cured of HIV, a medical milestone achieved by only six other people in the more than 40 years since the AIDS epidemic began. </p><p class="">The German man, who prefers to remain anonymous, was treated for acute myeloid leukemia, or AML, with a stem cell transplant in October 2015. He stopped taking his antiretroviral drugs in September 2018 and remains in viral remission with no rebound. Multiple ultra-sensitive tests have detected no viable HIV in his body.</p><div class="ad ad--text-alignment ad-container boxinlineAd dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxinline" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[]],[[758,1],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[728,90],[360,360]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[360,360]]]]" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-offset-viewport="100" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><div id="taboolaReadMoreBelow"></div><p class="">In a statement, the man said of his remission: “A healthy person has many wishes, a sick person only one.”</p><p class="">The case, which investigators said offered vital lessons for HIV cure research, is expected to be presented Wednesday by Dr. Christian Gaebler, a physician-scientist at the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, at the 25th<a href="https://www.iasociety.org/conferences/aids2024" target="_blank"> International AIDS Conference</a> in Munich. </p><p class="">“The longer we see these HIV remissions without any HIV therapy, the more confidence we can get that we’re probably seeing a case where we really have eradicated all competent HIV,” Gaebler said.</p><p class="">As with all previous cases of potential HIV cure, experts are eager to temper public excitement with a caveat: The treatment that apparently thwarted the virus in the seven patients will ever be available to only a select few. All contracted HIV and later developed blood cancer, which demanded stem cell transplants to treat the malignancy.</p><div class="ad ad--text-alignment ad-container boxinlineAd dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxinline" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[]],[[758,1],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[728,90],[360,360]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[360,360]]]]" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-offset-viewport="100" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><p class="">The transplants — in most cases from donors selected because their immune cells, the cells that HIV targets — boasted a rare, natural resistance to the virus and were instrumental in apparently eradicating all viable, or competent, copies of the virus from the body.</p><p class="">Stem cell transplants are highly toxic and can be fatal. So it would be unethical to provide them to people with HIV except to treat separate diseases, like blood cancer.</p><p class=""><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/decades-failures-researchers-renewed-hopes-effective-hiv-vaccine-rcna141626" target="_blank">HIV is monumentally difficult to cure </a>because some of the cells it infects are long-living immune cells that are in or enter a dormant state. Standard antiretroviral treatment for HIV works only on immune cells that, typical of infected cells, are actively making new viral copies. Consequently, HIV within resting cells stays under the radar. Collectively, such cells are known as the viral reservoir.</p><p class="">At any moment, a reservoir cell can start producing HIV. That is why if people with the virus stop taking their antiretrovirals, their viral loads typically rebound within weeks.</p><p class="">A stem cell transplant has the potential to cure HIV in part because it requires destroying a person’s cancer-afflicted immune system with chemotherapy and sometimes radiation and replacing it with a donor’s healthy immune system. </p><p class="">In five of the seven cases of definite or possible HIV cure, doctors found donors who had rare, natural defects in both copies of a gene that gives rise to a <a href="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary/ccr5#:~:text=C%2DC%20Chemokine%20Receptor%205%2C%20Cysteine,virus%20enters%20a%20host%20cell." target="_blank">particular protein, called CCR5</a><a href="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary/ccr5#:~:text=C%2DC%20Chemokine%20Receptor%205%2C%20Cysteine,virus%20enters%20a%20host%20cell." target="_blank">,</a> on the surface of immune cells. Most HIV strains attach to that<strong> </strong>protein to infect cells. Without functional CCR5 proteins, immune cells are HIV-resistant.</p><div class="ad ad--text-alignment ad-container boxinlineAd dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxinline" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[]],[[758,1],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[728,90],[360,360]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[360,360]]]]" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-offset-viewport="100" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><p class="">The German man’s donor had just one copy of the CCR5 gene, meaning his immune cells most likely have about half the normal quantity of<strong> </strong>that protein<strong>.</strong> In addition, he had only one copy of the gene himself. Together, those two genetic factors may have upped his chances of a cure, Gaebler said.</p><p class="">While having two copies of the defective CCR5 gene is rare, occurring in about 1% of people with native northern European ancestry, having one copy occurs in about 16% of such people.</p><p class="">“So the study suggests that we can broaden the donor pool for these kinds of cases,” Dr. Sharon Lewin, director of the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity in Melbourne, Australia, said in a media briefing last week.</p><p class="">Interestingly, a man treated in Geneva whose possible HIV cure was<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-health-and-wellness/hiv-remission-stem-cell-transplant-blood-cancer-rcna94989" target="_blank"> announced last year</a> had a donor with two normal copies of the CCR5 gene. So his transplanted immune cells were not HIV-resistant.</p><p class="">Those two recent European cases raise critical questions about the factors that actually contribute to a successful HIV cure. </p><p class="">“The level of protection one might have predicted from transplant should not have been enough to prevent the virus from surviving and rebounding,” Dr. Steven Deeks, a leading HIV cure researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who is not involved with the German man’s care, said of his case. “There are several testable theories, so I am optimistic we will learn something here that could shape the next generation of cure studies.”</p><div class="ad ad--text-alignment ad-container boxinlineAd dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxinline" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[]],[[758,1],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[728,90],[360,360]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[360,360]]]]" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-offset-viewport="100" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><p class="">Gaebler said having HIV-resistant immune cells in the mix surely greatly improves the chances of success in curing the virus with a stem cell transplant. And yet, he said, lacking that safety net, or having one with some holes in it, as with the German man, does not preclude success.</p><p class="">“We need to understand how the new immune system successfully grafted into his body and how it successfully eliminated HIV reservoirs over time,” he said. Suggesting that the transplanted immune cells may have attacked the viral reservoir, he said, “The donor’s innate immune system might have played an important role here.”  </p><h2 class=""><strong>The 6 others cured or possibly cured of HIV</strong></h2><p class="">All were initially known by pseudonyms based on where they were treated.</p><ul class="break-above body-ul body-list-el"><li>Timothy Ray Brown, aka the “<a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0802905" target="_blank">Berlin patient</a>.” Brown, an American living in Germany, was treated for AML. When his case was <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/14/health/14hiv.html" target="_blank">announced in 2008</a>, it galvanized the HIV research field. Born in 1966, he was cured of HIV but<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/timothy-ray-brown-1st-person-cured-hiv-dies-cancer-n1241551" target="_blank"> died of recurrent leukemia in 2020</a>.</li></ul><figure class="styles_inlineImage__yAWZ0 styles_medium__OMa6x"><picture class="styles_image__1qciH" data-testid="picture"><source media="(min-width: 1000px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-560w,f_avif,q_auto:eco,dpr_2/rockcms/2024-07/240715-timothy-ray-brown-mn-1130-e15f2b.jpg 2x, https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-560w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-timothy-ray-brown-mn-1130-e15f2b.jpg 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-760w,f_avif,q_auto:eco,dpr_2/rockcms/2024-07/240715-timothy-ray-brown-mn-1130-e15f2b.jpg 2x, https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-760w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-timothy-ray-brown-mn-1130-e15f2b.jpg 1x"/><img loading="lazy" src="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-760w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-timothy-ray-brown-mn-1130-e15f2b.jpg" alt="Image: Timothy Ray Brown" height="1875" width="2500"/></picture><figcaption class="caption styles_caption__Pe5JC" data-testid="caption"><span class="caption__container" data-testid="caption__container">Timothy Ray Brown in 2019.</span><span class="caption__source" data-testid="caption__source">Manuel Valdes / AP file</span></figcaption></figure><ul class="break-above body-ul body-list-el"><li>Adam Castillejo, aka the “<a href="https://www.poz.com/article/2nd-mans-hiv-longterm-remission-cured" target="_blank">London patient</a>.” Castillejo, 44, a Venezuelan man living in England, received a stem cell transplant for AML in 2016 and stopped HIV treatment in 2017. He is considered cured.</li><li><a href="https://www.poz.com/article/coming-cured" target="_blank">Marc Franke</a>, the<strong> </strong>“<a href="https://www.poz.com/article/3rd-man-received-hivresistant-stem-cell-transplant-viral-remission" target="_blank">Düsseldorf patient</a>.” Treated with a stem cell transplant for AML in 2013, Franke, 55, went off antiretrovirals in November 2018 and is<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352301824000900?dgcid=coauthor" target="_blank"> considered cured</a>.</li></ul><figure class="styles_inlineImage__yAWZ0 styles_medium__OMa6x"><picture class="styles_image__1qciH" data-testid="picture"><source media="(min-width: 1000px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-560w,f_avif,q_auto:eco,dpr_2/rockcms/2024-07/240715-marc-franke-Duesseldorf-Patient-mn-1135-7f6e8f.jpg 2x, https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-560w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-marc-franke-Duesseldorf-Patient-mn-1135-7f6e8f.jpg 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-760w,f_avif,q_auto:eco,dpr_2/rockcms/2024-07/240715-marc-franke-Duesseldorf-Patient-mn-1135-7f6e8f.jpg 2x, https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-760w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-marc-franke-Duesseldorf-Patient-mn-1135-7f6e8f.jpg 1x"/><img loading="lazy" src="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-760w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-marc-franke-Duesseldorf-Patient-mn-1135-7f6e8f.jpg" alt="Marc Franke, the &quot;Duesseldorf Patient.&quot;" height="1667" width="2500"/></picture><figcaption class="caption styles_caption__Pe5JC" data-testid="caption"><span class="caption__container" data-testid="caption__container">Marc Franke in November. </span><span class="caption__source" data-testid="caption__source">Horst Galuschka / dpa via AP file</span></figcaption></figure><ul class="break-above body-ul body-list-el"><li><a href="https://www.cityofhope.org/patient-who-achieved-hiv-remission-shares-his-story" target="_blank">Paul Edmonds</a>, aka the “<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/5th-person-likely-cured-hiv-another-long-term-remission-rcna40116" target="_blank">City of Hope patient</a>.” Edmonds, the oldest potential cure case at 63 when he received a stem-cell transplant for AML in 2019, received reduced-intensity chemotherapy because of his age. Off antiretrovirals since March 2021, he will be considered cured when he hits five years with no viral rebound. In an interview, he expressed excitement over the new case of a man probably cured, as well, and said, “My vision is clear: a world where HIV is no longer a sentence, but a footnote in history.”</li></ul><figure class="styles_inlineImage__yAWZ0 styles_medium__OMa6x"><picture class="styles_image__1qciH" data-testid="picture"><source media="(min-width: 1000px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-560w,f_avif,q_auto:eco,dpr_2/rockcms/2024-07/240715-paul-edmonds-city-of-hope-patient-mn-1140-540305.jpg 2x, https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-560w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-paul-edmonds-city-of-hope-patient-mn-1140-540305.jpg 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-760w,f_avif,q_auto:eco,dpr_2/rockcms/2024-07/240715-paul-edmonds-city-of-hope-patient-mn-1140-540305.jpg 2x, https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-760w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-paul-edmonds-city-of-hope-patient-mn-1140-540305.jpg 1x"/><img loading="lazy" src="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-760w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-07/240715-paul-edmonds-city-of-hope-patient-mn-1140-540305.jpg" alt="Paul Edmonds with City of Hope doctors." height="1666" width="2500"/></picture><figcaption class="caption styles_caption__Pe5JC" data-testid="caption"><span class="caption__container" data-testid="caption__container">Paul Edmonds with City of Hope doctors.</span><span class="caption__source" data-testid="caption__source">Business Wire</span></figcaption></figure><ul class="break-above body-ul body-list-el"><li>The<strong> </strong>“<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/scientists-possibly-cured-hiv-woman-first-time-rcna16196" target="_blank">New York patient</a>.” The first woman and person of mixed-race ancestry possibly to be cured, she was diagnosed with leukemia in 2017 and received a stem cell transplant augmented with umbilical cord blood, which allowed for a lower genetic match with her donor, thus broadening the donor pool.</li><li>The “<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-health-and-wellness/hiv-remission-stem-cell-transplant-blood-cancer-rcna94989" target="_blank">Geneva patient</a>.” In his 50s, he was diagnosed with a rare blood cancer in 2018 and has been off of HIV treatment since November 2021. Researchers remain cautious about his cure status because his immune cells are not HIV resistant.  </li></ul><div class="ad ad--text-alignment ad-container boxinlineAd dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxinline" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[]],[[758,1],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[728,90],[360,360]]],[[0,0],[[300,250],[700,50],[5,5],[360,360]]]]" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-offset-viewport="100" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div><p class="endmark">Franke, Edmonds and Castillejo, who have become friends, are expected to attend the HIV conference in Munich.</p><div class="recommended-intersection-ref" data-activity-map="recommended-article-body-recommended" data-testid="recommended-wrapper"></div><div class="recommended-intersection-ref" data-activity-map="recommended-article-body-recommended" data-testid="recommended-wrapper"></div></div><div class="article-body__content"><div class="expanded-byline-contributors articleBylineContainer"><div class="expanded-byline article-expanded-byline" data-activity-map="expanded-byline-article-bottom"><div class="byline-thumbnail byline-thumbnail--has-image expanded-byline__thumbnail" data-testid="byline-thumbnail"><picture data-testid="picture"><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcSet="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-60x60,f_avif,q_auto:eco,dpr_2/newscms/2023_06/3593830/ben_ryan_headshot.jpg 2x, https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-60x60,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2023_06/3593830/ben_ryan_headshot.jpg 1x"/><img loading="lazy" src="https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-60x60,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2023_06/3593830/ben_ryan_headshot.jpg" alt="" height="48" width="48"/></picture></div><span class="byline-name expanded-byline__name" data-testid="byline-name">Benjamin Ryan</span><span class="byline-social expanded-byline__social"><a href="https://x.com/benryanwriter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="byline-social--link"><span class="icon icon-twitter"></span></a></span><div class="expanded-byline__bio-wrapper"><p class="byline-bio expanded-byline__bio">Benjamin Ryan is independent journalist specializing in science and LGBTQ coverage. He contributes to NBC News, The New York Times, The Guardian and Thomson Reuters Foundation and has also written for The Washington Post, The Nation, The Atlantic and New York.</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-body--right-rail-container"><div data-testid="right-rail-container" class="article-body__right-rail layout-grid-item grid-col-4_5-l grid-col-3_5-xl grid-col-push-half-xl"><div class="article-body__right-rail--sticky"></div><div class="ad article-body__right-rail--ad ad--text-alignment ad-container dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div data-mps="true" data-slot="boxrail" data-sizes="[[[1000,1],[[300,250],[360,360]]],[[758,1],[]],[[0,0],[]]]" data-offset="10" data-render-on-view="true" data-targeting="{}" data-active-tab="true" data-testid="ad__container__inner"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="body-bottom-recommended" data-testid="body-bottom-recommended"><div class="ad ad--midresponsive ad-container dn-print" data-testid="ad__container"><div 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class=\"headline-container\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"headline-wrap h-h\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"headline-title h-h\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"headline-title-text h-lh js-headline-text\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"share-list h-h share-has-dropdown\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"share-inner\"\u003e\u003cul class=\"share-ul h-h\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"share-li share-li-cta\"\u003eShare \u0026 Save\u0026nbsp;\u0026mdash;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"share-li share-li-icon share-li-facebook\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"javascript:void(0);\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"js-hfs-share\" data-key=\"facebook\"data-template=\"https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=URL\u0026cid=article_share_facebook\" data-track-event=\"mbt_navbar_share\" data-track-key=\"platform\" data-track-value=\"facebook\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003csvg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M11.248 20H7.5V10H5V6.554l2.5-.001-.004-2.03C7.496 1.71 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clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.9993 19.47C15.6772 19.47 19.4693 15.6779 19.4693 11C19.4693 6.32215 15.6772 2.53 10.9993 2.53C6.3215 2.53 2.52935 6.32215 2.52935 11C2.52935 15.6779 6.3215 19.47 10.9993 19.47ZM10.9993 21.0833C16.5682 21.0833 21.0827 16.5689 21.0827 11C21.0827 5.43113 16.5682 0.916666 10.9993 0.916666C5.43048 0.916666 0.916016 5.43113 0.916016 11C0.916016 16.5689 5.43048 21.0833 10.9993 21.0833Z\" fill=\"#82AEFF\"/\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u0026nbsp;My News\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbutton onclick=\"javascript:HFSapi.identity.unauthenticate();\"\u003eSign Out\u003c/button\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class='js-unauthenticated'\u003e\u003cbutton onclick=\"javascript:HFSapi.identity.authenticate({ defaultPage: 'logIn' });\"\u003e\u003csvg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" class='identity-icon'\u003e\u003cpath fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.9996 7.09143C9.65664 7.09143 8.56793 8.18014 8.56793 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18.0937C6.67265 18.3172 7.15638 18.6072 7.69738 18.8777C8.02761 19.0428 8.59663 19.239 9.23607 19.3887C9.8762 19.5386 10.51 19.6238 10.9699 19.607C12.1692 19.5632 13.0434 19.3553 14.375 18.8455C14.7894 18.6869 15.2398 18.4202 15.6049 18.1755C15.6947 18.1152 15.7773 18.0578 15.8503 18.0057C15.8302 17.8482 15.8002 17.652 15.7555 17.4281C15.6326 16.8131 15.4036 16.0105 14.9831 15.2295C14.9694 15.204 14.8993 15.109 14.6723 14.9841C14.4543 14.8641 14.1499 14.7489 13.7648 14.6503C12.996 14.4533 12.0094 14.3483 10.9996 14.3483C9.98984 14.3483 9.00326 14.4533 8.23445 14.6502C7.84945 14.7489 7.54503 14.8641 7.32702 14.984C7.10007 15.1089 7.02996 15.204 7.01625 15.2295C6.59568 16.0107 6.36665 16.8132 6.24384 17.4282C6.20128 17.6414 6.17199 17.8294 6.15194 17.9828ZM16.7034 18.3843L17.2153 19.0181L17.5319 18.7623L17.5176 18.355L16.7034 18.3843Z\" fill=\"#3061FF\"/\u003e\u003cpath fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.9996 19.6065C15.7247 19.6065 19.5552 15.776 19.5552 11.0509C19.5552 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man in Germany has no detectable HIV in his body after he was treated in 2015. Only six other cases have achieved the milestone since the AIDS epidemic began.","content":{"text":["A German man has probably been cured of HIV, a medical milestone achieved by only six other people in the more than 40 years since the AIDS epidemic began. ","The German man, who prefers to remain anonymous, was treated for acute myeloid leukemia, or AML, with a stem cell transplant in October 2015. He stopped taking his antiretroviral drugs in September 2018 and remains in viral remission with no rebound. Multiple ultra-sensitive tests have detected no viable HIV in his body.","In a statement, the man said of his remission: “A healthy person has many wishes, a sick person only one.”","The case, which investigators said offered vital lessons for HIV cure research, is expected to be presented Wednesday by Dr. Christian Gaebler, a physician-scientist at the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, at the 25th International AIDS Conference in Munich. ","“The longer we see these HIV remissions without any HIV therapy, the more confidence we can get that we’re probably seeing a case where we really have eradicated all competent HIV,” Gaebler said.","As with all previous cases of potential HIV cure, experts are eager to temper public excitement with a caveat: The treatment that apparently thwarted the virus in the seven patients will ever be available to only a select few. All contracted HIV and later developed blood cancer, which demanded stem cell transplants to treat the malignancy.","The transplants — in most cases from donors selected because their immune cells, the cells that HIV targets — boasted a rare, natural resistance to the virus and were instrumental in apparently eradicating all viable, or competent, copies of the virus from the body.","Stem cell transplants are highly toxic and can be fatal. So it would be unethical to provide them to people with HIV except to treat separate diseases, like blood cancer.","HIV is monumentally difficult to cure because some of the cells it infects are long-living immune cells that are in or enter a dormant state. Standard antiretroviral treatment for HIV works only on immune cells that, typical of infected cells, are actively making new viral copies. Consequently, HIV within resting cells stays under the radar. Collectively, such cells are known as the viral reservoir.","At any moment, a reservoir cell can start producing HIV. That is why if people with the virus stop taking their antiretrovirals, their viral loads typically rebound within weeks.","A stem cell transplant has the potential to cure HIV in part because it requires destroying a person’s cancer-afflicted immune system with chemotherapy and sometimes radiation and replacing it with a donor’s healthy immune system. ","In five of the seven cases of definite or possible HIV cure, doctors found donors who had rare, natural defects in both copies of a gene that gives rise to a particular protein, called CCR5, on the surface of immune cells. Most HIV strains attach to that protein to infect cells. Without functional CCR5 proteins, immune cells are HIV-resistant.","The German man’s donor had just one copy of the CCR5 gene, meaning his immune cells most likely have about half the normal quantity of that protein. In addition, he had only one copy of the gene himself. Together, those two genetic factors may have upped his chances of a cure, Gaebler said.","While having two copies of the defective CCR5 gene is rare, occurring in about 1% of people with native northern European ancestry, having one copy occurs in about 16% of such people.","“So the study suggests that we can broaden the donor pool for these kinds of cases,” Dr. Sharon Lewin, director of the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity in Melbourne, Australia, said in a media briefing last week.","Interestingly, a man treated in Geneva whose possible HIV cure was announced last year had a donor with two normal copies of the CCR5 gene. So his transplanted immune cells were not HIV-resistant.","Those two recent European cases raise critical questions about the factors that actually contribute to a successful HIV cure. ","“The level of protection one might have predicted from transplant should not have been enough to prevent the virus from surviving and rebounding,” Dr. Steven Deeks, a leading HIV cure researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who is not involved with the German man’s care, said of his case. “There are several testable theories, so I am optimistic we will learn something here that could shape the next generation of cure studies.”","Gaebler said having HIV-resistant immune cells in the mix surely greatly improves the chances of success in curing the virus with a stem cell transplant. And yet, he said, lacking that safety net, or having one with some holes in it, as with the German man, does not preclude success.","“We need to understand how the new immune system successfully grafted into his body and how it successfully eliminated HIV reservoirs over time,” he said. Suggesting that the transplanted immune cells may have attacked the viral reservoir, he said, “The donor’s innate immune system might have played an important role here.”  ","The 6 others cured or possibly cured of HIV","All were initially known by pseudonyms based on where they were treated.","Timothy Ray Brown, aka the “Berlin patient.” Brown, an American living in Germany, was treated for AML. When his case was announced in 2008, it galvanized the HIV research field. Born in 1966, he was cured of HIV but died of recurrent leukemia in 2020.","Adam Castillejo, aka the “London patient.” Castillejo, 44, a Venezuelan man living in England, received a stem cell transplant for AML in 2016 and stopped HIV treatment in 2017. He is considered cured.Marc Franke, the “Düsseldorf patient.” Treated with a stem cell transplant for AML in 2013, Franke, 55, went off antiretrovirals in November 2018 and is considered cured.","Paul Edmonds, aka the “City of Hope patient.” Edmonds, the oldest potential cure case at 63 when he received a stem-cell transplant for AML in 2019, received reduced-intensity chemotherapy because of his age. Off antiretrovirals since March 2021, he will be considered cured when he hits five years with no viral rebound. In an interview, he expressed excitement over the new case of a man probably cured, as well, and said, “My vision is clear: a world where HIV is no longer a sentence, but a footnote in history.”","The “New York patient.” The first woman and person of mixed-race ancestry possibly to be cured, she was diagnosed with leukemia in 2017 and received a stem cell transplant augmented with umbilical cord blood, which allowed for a lower genetic match with her donor, thus broadening the donor pool.The “Geneva patient.” In his 50s, he was diagnosed with a rare blood cancer in 2018 and has been off of HIV treatment since November 2021. Researchers remain cautious about his cure status because his immune cells are not HIV resistant.  ","Franke, Edmonds and Castillejo, who have become friends, are expected to attend the HIV conference in Munich."]},"documentTracing":{"currentMessageId":{"id":"8dfc9d5e-5fd4-4805-96cb-fde449d7612d","updatedDate":"Thu Jul 18 2024 14:18:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)"},"type":"article"},"flag":null,"unibrow":{"logo":null,"taxonomyPath":"nbcnews/section/health/health-news","text":"Health news","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health"}},"primaryMedia":{"presentation":{"alignment":"left","size":"medium","style":"default","byline":null,"hideRecommendations":false,"hideProductRecommendations":false},"type":"embeddedImage","image":{"id":"rcim287669","headline":{"primary":null,"tease":null,"seo":null,"social":null},"caption":"An electron microscope image shows a human T cell, blue, under attack by HIV, yellow, the virus that causes AIDS. ","altText":"An electron microscope image shows a human T cell, blue, under attack by HIV, yellow, the virus that causes AIDS. 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Only six other cases have achieved the milestone since the AIDS epidemic began."},"date":{"createdAt":"2024-07-18T14:00:40.000Z","publishedAt":"2024-07-18T14:00:40.000Z","modifiedAt":"2024-07-18T14:18:26.984Z"},"ecommerceMetadata":{"shoppingListTitle":"","disclaimer":{"body":[]},"trackingId":null},"socialCopy":{"social":"A German man has probably been cured of HIV, a medical milestone achieved by only six other people in the more than 40 years since the AIDS epidemic 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Health","path":"nbcnews/section/health/mens-health","pageRoute":"/","slug":"mens-health","type":"taxonomy","taxonomyType":"topic","url":{"primary":null}},{"dateCreated":"Thu Sep 16 2021 03:15:10 GMT+0000 (UTC)","dateModified":"Thu Sep 16 2021 03:15:10 GMT+0000 (UTC)","description":{"primary":null},"id":"nctx66","isCurated":true,"name":"U.S. news","path":"nbcnews/section/news/us-news","pageRoute":"/us-news","slug":"us-news","type":"taxonomy","taxonomyType":"topic","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/us-news"}},{"dateCreated":"Thu Sep 16 2021 03:10:21 GMT+0000 (UTC)","dateModified":"Thu Sep 16 2021 03:10:21 GMT+0000 (UTC)","description":{"primary":null},"id":"nctx85","isCurated":true,"name":"Sexual Health","path":"nbcnews/section/health/sexual-health","pageRoute":"/health/sexual-health","slug":"sexual-health","type":"taxonomy","taxonomyType":"topic","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/sexual-health"}},{"dateCreated":"Thu Sep 16 2021 03:34:08 GMT+0000 (UTC)","dateModified":"Thu Sep 16 2021 03:34:08 GMT+0000 (UTC)","description":{"primary":null},"id":"nctx65","isCurated":true,"name":"Health","path":"nbcnews/section/health","pageRoute":"/health","slug":"health","type":"taxonomy","taxonomyType":"section","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health"}},{"dateCreated":"Wed May 29 2024 16:31:53 GMT+0000 (UTC)","dateModified":"Wed May 29 2024 16:31:53 GMT+0000 (UTC)","description":{"primary":null},"id":"nctx62","isCurated":true,"name":"Health news","path":"nbcnews/section/health/health-news","pageRoute":"/health","slug":"health-news","type":"taxonomy","taxonomyType":"topic","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health"}},{"dateCreated":"Thu Sep 16 2021 03:51:57 GMT+0000 (UTC)","dateModified":"Thu Sep 16 2021 03:51:57 GMT+0000 (UTC)","description":{"primary":null},"id":"nctx20366","isCurated":true,"name":"News","path":"nbcnews/vertical/news","pageRoute":"/","slug":"news","type":"taxonomy","taxonomyType":"vertical","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/"}}]},"primaryImage":null,"teaseImage":{"id":"rcim287669","headline":{"primary":null,"tease":null,"seo":null,"social":null},"caption":"An electron microscope image shows a human T cell, blue, under attack by HIV, yellow, the virus that causes AIDS. ","altText":"An electron microscope image shows a human T cell, blue, under attack by HIV, yellow, the virus that causes AIDS. ","url":{"primary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/rockcms/2024-07/240715-hiv-electron-mn-1125-ffdd77.jpg"},"imageUrl":{"aims":"https://media1.s-nbcnews.com/i/rockcms/2024-07/287669/240715-hiv-electron-mn-1125-ffdd77_88c9514ef74d85d2d10e83a8b54e50c9a6039369.jpg","cloudinary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/rockcms/2024-07/240715-hiv-electron-mn-1125-ffdd77.jpg","telemundo":null},"encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","height":1876,"width":2500,"authors":[{"name":""}],"source":{"name":"National Institutes of Health via AP file","copyright":null},"graphicContent":false,"imageContentType":[]},"socialImage":{"id":"rcim287669","headline":{"primary":null,"tease":null,"seo":null,"social":null},"caption":"An electron microscope image shows a human T cell, blue, under attack by HIV, yellow, the virus that causes AIDS. ","altText":"An electron microscope image shows a human T cell, blue, under attack by HIV, yellow, the virus that causes AIDS. ","url":{"primary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/rockcms/2024-07/240715-hiv-electron-mn-1125-ffdd77.jpg"},"imageUrl":{"aims":"https://media1.s-nbcnews.com/i/rockcms/2024-07/287669/240715-hiv-electron-mn-1125-ffdd77_88c9514ef74d85d2d10e83a8b54e50c9a6039369.jpg","cloudinary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/rockcms/2024-07/240715-hiv-electron-mn-1125-ffdd77.jpg","telemundo":null},"encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","height":1876,"width":2500,"authors":[{"name":""}],"source":{"name":"National Institutes of Health via AP file","copyright":null},"graphicContent":false,"imageContentType":[]},"experts":[],"authors":[{"type":"embeddedPerson","authorType":"author","featuredAuthor":{"isFeaturedAuthor":false},"person":{"bio":[{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"Benjamin Ryan is independent journalist specializing in science and LGBTQ coverage. He contributes to NBC News, The New York Times, The Guardian and Thomson Reuters Foundation and has also written for The Washington Post, The Nation, The Atlantic and New York.","elementId":null}],"dateCreated":"Mon Feb 22 2021 21:48:53 GMT+0000 (UTC)","dateModified":"Wed Feb 22 2023 02:14:39 GMT+0000 (UTC)","shortBio":null,"liveBlogShortBio":"","experience":[],"educationAndExpertise":[],"awards":[],"id":"ncpn1258561","email":null,"jobTitle":[],"name":"Benjamin Ryan","primaryImage":{"altText":null,"height":857,"url":{"primary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/newscms/2023_06/3593830/ben_ryan_headshot.jpg"},"width":1200},"publisher":{"name":"nbcnews","subType":null,"type":"organization"},"socialMediaProfiles":{"email":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"pinterest":null,"snapchat":null,"tiktok":null,"twitter":"@benryanwriter","whatsapp":null,"youtube":null,"mastodon":null,"threads":null,"signal":null},"subType":null,"type":"person","url":null,"worksFor":null,"content":{"pagination":{"offset":0,"page":1,"size":3,"totalItems":3,"totalPages":1},"items":[{"id":"ncna1275737","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/fda-authorizes-covid-antibody-treatment-preventive-after-exposure-n1275737"},"vertical":"news","datePublished":"Tue Aug 03 2021 13:40:00 GMT+0000 (UTC)","headline":{"primary":"FDA authorizes Covid antibody treatment as preventive after exposure"},"unibrow":{"logo":null,"taxonomyPath":"nbcnews/section/health/health-news","text":"Health news","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health"}},"description":{"primary":"The unvaccinated or people with weak immune systems at high risk of severe disease can receive an injection if exposed to an infected person."},"teaseImage":{"altText":"Image: Regeneron","height":1667,"url":{"primary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/newscms/2021_31/3418471/201008-regeneron-al-0925.jpg"},"width":2500},"primaryImage":null},{"id":"ncna1274887","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/long-acting-hiv-prevention-drugs-may-be-key-beating-epidemic-n1274887"},"vertical":"news","datePublished":"Wed Jul 28 2021 09:00:00 GMT+0000 (UTC)","headline":{"primary":"Long-acting HIV-prevention drugs may be key to beating the epidemic in the U.S. "},"unibrow":{"logo":null,"taxonomyPath":"nbcnews/section/health/health-news","text":"Health news","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health"}},"description":{"primary":"New forms of pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, could be used by groups who find daily preventive medications too burdensome."},"teaseImage":{"altText":"The HIV drug Cabenuva.","height":1250,"url":{"primary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/newscms/2021_30/3494749/210723-silo-cabenuva-mb-2121.jpg"},"width":2500},"primaryImage":null},{"id":"ncna1258556","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/meth-has-devastated-gay-community-decades-new-treatment-offers-hope-n1258556"},"vertical":"news","datePublished":"Tue Feb 23 2021 12:56:00 GMT+0000 (UTC)","headline":{"primary":"Meth has devastated the gay community for decades. A new treatment offers hope."},"unibrow":{"logo":null,"taxonomyPath":"nbcnews/feature/nbc-out/out-health-and-wellness","text":"OUT Health and Wellness","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/meth-has-devastated-gay-community-decades-new-treatment-offers-hope-n1258556"}},"description":{"primary":"The promising medication-based treatment comes as meth's use is surging in the general population and dangerously merging with the opioid crisis."},"teaseImage":{"altText":"Image: Silhouette of a man with smoke coming from his mouth","height":1558,"url":{"primary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/newscms/2021_08/3451799/210222-smoking-bw-stock-cs.jpg"},"width":2500},"primaryImage":null}]}}}],"adsEnabled":true,"ecommerceEnabled":false,"sponsoredBy":null,"hidden":false,"searchable":true,"nativeAd":false,"breakingNews":false,"breakingTagDisabled":true,"body":[{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"A German man has probably been cured of HIV, a medical milestone achieved by only six other people in the more than 40 years since the AIDS epidemic began. ","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"The German man, who prefers to remain anonymous, was treated for acute myeloid leukemia, or AML, with a stem cell transplant in October 2015. He stopped taking his antiretroviral drugs in September 2018 and remains in viral remission with no rebound. Multiple ultra-sensitive tests have detected no viable HIV in his body.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"In a statement, the man said of his remission: “A healthy person has many wishes, a sick person only one.”","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"The case, which investigators said offered vital lessons for HIV cure research, is expected to be presented Wednesday by Dr. Christian Gaebler, a physician-scientist at the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, at the 25th\u003ca href=\"https://www.iasociety.org/conferences/aids2024\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e International AIDS Conference\u003c/a\u003e in Munich. ","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"“The longer we see these HIV remissions without any HIV therapy, the more confidence we can get that we’re probably seeing a case where we really have eradicated all competent HIV,” Gaebler said.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"As with all previous cases of potential HIV cure, experts are eager to temper public excitement with a caveat: The treatment that apparently thwarted the virus in the seven patients will ever be available to only a select few. All contracted HIV and later developed blood cancer, which demanded stem cell transplants to treat the malignancy.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"The transplants — in most cases from donors selected because their immune cells, the cells that HIV targets — boasted a rare, natural resistance to the virus and were instrumental in apparently eradicating all viable, or competent, copies of the virus from the body.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"Stem cell transplants are highly toxic and can be fatal. So it would be unethical to provide them to people with HIV except to treat separate diseases, like blood cancer.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/decades-failures-researchers-renewed-hopes-effective-hiv-vaccine-rcna141626\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHIV is monumentally difficult to cure \u003c/a\u003ebecause some of the cells it infects are long-living immune cells that are in or enter a dormant state. Standard antiretroviral treatment for HIV works only on immune cells that, typical of infected cells, are actively making new viral copies. Consequently, HIV within resting cells stays under the radar. Collectively, such cells are known as the viral reservoir.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"At any moment, a reservoir cell can start producing HIV. That is why if people with the virus stop taking their antiretrovirals, their viral loads typically rebound within weeks.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"A stem cell transplant has the potential to cure HIV in part because it requires destroying a person’s cancer-afflicted immune system with chemotherapy and sometimes radiation and replacing it with a donor’s healthy immune system. ","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"In five of the seven cases of definite or possible HIV cure, doctors found donors who had rare, natural defects in both copies of a gene that gives rise to a \u003ca href=\"https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary/ccr5#:~:text=C%2DC%20Chemokine%20Receptor%205%2C%20Cysteine,virus%20enters%20a%20host%20cell.\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eparticular protein, called CCR5\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary/ccr5#:~:text=C%2DC%20Chemokine%20Receptor%205%2C%20Cysteine,virus%20enters%20a%20host%20cell.\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e,\u003c/a\u003e on the surface of immune cells. Most HIV strains attach to that\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eprotein to infect cells. Without functional CCR5 proteins, immune cells are HIV-resistant.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"The German man’s donor had just one copy of the CCR5 gene, meaning his immune cells most likely have about half the normal quantity of\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003ethat protein\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e In addition, he had only one copy of the gene himself. Together, those two genetic factors may have upped his chances of a cure, Gaebler said.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"While having two copies of the defective CCR5 gene is rare, occurring in about 1% of people with native northern European ancestry, having one copy occurs in about 16% of such people.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"“So the study suggests that we can broaden the donor pool for these kinds of cases,” Dr. Sharon Lewin, director of the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity in Melbourne, Australia, said in a media briefing last week.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"Interestingly, a man treated in Geneva whose possible HIV cure was\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-health-and-wellness/hiv-remission-stem-cell-transplant-blood-cancer-rcna94989\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e announced last year\u003c/a\u003e had a donor with two normal copies of the CCR5 gene. So his transplanted immune cells were not HIV-resistant.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"Those two recent European cases raise critical questions about the factors that actually contribute to a successful HIV cure. ","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"“The level of protection one might have predicted from transplant should not have been enough to prevent the virus from surviving and rebounding,” Dr. Steven Deeks, a leading HIV cure researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who is not involved with the German man’s care, said of his case. “There are several testable theories, so I am optimistic we will learn something here that could shape the next generation of cure studies.”","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"Gaebler said having HIV-resistant immune cells in the mix surely greatly improves the chances of success in curing the virus with a stem cell transplant. And yet, he said, lacking that safety net, or having one with some holes in it, as with the German man, does not preclude success.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"“We need to understand how the new immune system successfully grafted into his body and how it successfully eliminated HIV reservoirs over time,” he said. Suggesting that the transplanted immune cells may have attacked the viral reservoir, he said, “The donor’s innate immune system might have played an important role here.”  ","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"h2","html":"\u003cstrong\u003eThe 6 others cured or possibly cured of HIV\u003c/strong\u003e","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"All were initially known by pseudonyms based on where they were treated.","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"ul","html":"\u003cli\u003eTimothy Ray Brown, aka the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0802905\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBerlin patient\u003c/a\u003e.” Brown, an American living in Germany, was treated for AML. When his case was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/14/health/14hiv.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eannounced in 2008\u003c/a\u003e, it galvanized the HIV research field. Born in 1966, he was cured of HIV but\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/timothy-ray-brown-1st-person-cured-hiv-dies-cancer-n1241551\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e died of recurrent leukemia in 2020\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e","elementId":null},{"presentation":{"alignment":"center","size":"medium","style":"default","byline":null,"hideRecommendations":false,"hideProductRecommendations":false},"type":"embeddedImage","image":{"id":"rcim287672","headline":{"primary":null,"tease":null,"seo":null,"social":null},"caption":"Timothy Ray Brown in 2019.","altText":"Image: Timothy Ray Brown","url":{"primary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/rockcms/2024-07/240715-timothy-ray-brown-mn-1130-e15f2b.jpg"},"imageUrl":{"aims":"https://media1.s-nbcnews.com/i/rockcms/2024-07/287672/240715-timothy-ray-brown-mn-1130-e15f2b_ab35b9fba8f63ddf045b62a902aeb859db48a713.jpg","cloudinary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/rockcms/2024-07/240715-timothy-ray-brown-mn-1130-e15f2b.jpg","telemundo":null},"encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","height":1875,"width":2500,"authors":[{"name":"Manuel Valdes"}],"source":{"name":"AP file","copyright":null},"graphicContent":false,"imageContentType":[]},"elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"ul","html":"\u003cli\u003eAdam Castillejo, aka the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.poz.com/article/2nd-mans-hiv-longterm-remission-cured\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLondon patient\u003c/a\u003e.” Castillejo, 44, a Venezuelan man living in England, received a stem cell transplant for AML in 2016 and stopped HIV treatment in 2017. He is considered cured.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.poz.com/article/coming-cured\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMarc Franke\u003c/a\u003e, the\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.poz.com/article/3rd-man-received-hivresistant-stem-cell-transplant-viral-remission\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDüsseldorf patient\u003c/a\u003e.” Treated with a stem cell transplant for AML in 2013, Franke, 55, went off antiretrovirals in November 2018 and is\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352301824000900?dgcid=coauthor\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e considered cured\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e","elementId":null},{"presentation":{"alignment":"center","size":"medium","style":"default","byline":null,"hideRecommendations":false,"hideProductRecommendations":false},"type":"embeddedImage","image":{"id":"rcim287675","headline":{"primary":null,"tease":null,"seo":null,"social":null},"caption":"Marc Franke in November. ","altText":"Marc Franke, the \"Duesseldorf Patient.\"","url":{"primary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/rockcms/2024-07/240715-marc-franke-Duesseldorf-Patient-mn-1135-7f6e8f.jpg"},"imageUrl":{"aims":"https://media1.s-nbcnews.com/i/rockcms/2024-07/287675/240715-marc-franke-Duesseldorf-Patient-mn-1135-7f6e8f_40fb6a1c17ccdee09a67960066bba5174692f827.jpg","cloudinary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/rockcms/2024-07/240715-marc-franke-Duesseldorf-Patient-mn-1135-7f6e8f.jpg","telemundo":null},"encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","height":1667,"width":2500,"authors":[{"name":"Horst Galuschka"}],"source":{"name":"dpa via AP file","copyright":null},"graphicContent":false,"imageContentType":[]},"elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"ul","html":"\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofhope.org/patient-who-achieved-hiv-remission-shares-his-story\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePaul Edmonds\u003c/a\u003e, aka the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/5th-person-likely-cured-hiv-another-long-term-remission-rcna40116\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCity of Hope patient\u003c/a\u003e.” Edmonds, the oldest potential cure case at 63 when he received a stem-cell transplant for AML in 2019, received reduced-intensity chemotherapy because of his age. Off antiretrovirals since March 2021, he will be considered cured when he hits five years with no viral rebound. In an interview, he expressed excitement over the new case of a man probably cured, as well, and said, “My vision is clear: a world where HIV is no longer a sentence, but a footnote in history.”\u003c/li\u003e","elementId":null},{"presentation":{"alignment":"center","size":"medium","style":"default","byline":null,"hideRecommendations":false,"hideProductRecommendations":false},"type":"embeddedImage","image":{"id":"rcim287679","headline":{"primary":null,"tease":null,"seo":null,"social":null},"caption":"Paul Edmonds with City of Hope doctors.","altText":"Paul Edmonds with City of Hope doctors.","url":{"primary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/rockcms/2024-07/240715-paul-edmonds-city-of-hope-patient-mn-1140-540305.jpg"},"imageUrl":{"aims":"https://media1.s-nbcnews.com/i/rockcms/2024-07/287679/240715-paul-edmonds-city-of-hope-patient-mn-1140-540305_33ded753ef4cc3d2124c61d80c87cd53e9833b8e.jpg","cloudinary":"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/rockcms/2024-07/240715-paul-edmonds-city-of-hope-patient-mn-1140-540305.jpg","telemundo":null},"encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","height":1666,"width":2500,"authors":[{"name":""}],"source":{"name":"Business Wire","copyright":null},"graphicContent":false,"imageContentType":[]},"elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"ul","html":"\u003cli\u003eThe\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/scientists-possibly-cured-hiv-woman-first-time-rcna16196\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNew York patient\u003c/a\u003e.” The first woman and person of mixed-race ancestry possibly to be cured, she was diagnosed with leukemia in 2017 and received a stem cell transplant augmented with umbilical cord blood, which allowed for a lower genetic match with her donor, thus broadening the donor pool.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-health-and-wellness/hiv-remission-stem-cell-transplant-blood-cancer-rcna94989\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGeneva patient\u003c/a\u003e.” In his 50s, he was diagnosed with a rare blood cancer in 2018 and has been off of HIV treatment since November 2021. Researchers remain cautious about his cure status because his immune cells are not HIV resistant.  \u003c/li\u003e","elementId":null},{"type":"markup","element":"p","html":"Franke, Edmonds and Castillejo, who have become friends, are expected to attend the HIV conference in Munich.","elementId":null}],"datePublished":"Thu Jul 18 2024 14:00:40 GMT+0000 (UTC)","dateModified":"Thu Jul 18 2024 14:18:26 GMT+0000 (UTC)","dateCreated":"Thu Jul 18 2024 14:00:40 GMT+0000 (UTC)","source":null,"presentation":{"alignment":"left","size":"medium","style":"default","byline":"EXPANDED","hideRecommendations":false,"hideProductRecommendations":false},"publisher":{"name":"nbcnews"},"subnav":null,"eventDateTime":{"endsAt":null}}],"error":null,"isNativeAd":false,"presentation":{"alignment":"left","size":"medium","style":"default","byline":"EXPANDED","hideRecommendations":false,"hideProductRecommendations":false},"fetchingRelated":false,"relatedArticles":null,"isLoadingMostPopularStories":false,"mostPopularStoryList":{"callout":null,"content":{"pagination":{"totalItems":10},"items":[{"headline":{"tease":"Matt Gaetz says he doesn't plan to rejoin Congress after withdrawing as Trump's pick for attorney general"},"id":"rcna181378","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/matt-gaetz-says-doesnt-plan-rejoin-congress-withdrawing-name-attorney-rcna181378"}},{"headline":{"tease":"With Matt Gaetz's withdrawal, Trump's 'retribution' campaign hits the harsh reality of governing in Washington"},"id":"rcna181233","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/matt-gaetzs-withdrawal-trumps-retribution-campaign-rcna181233"}},{"headline":{"tease":"Texas Board of Education votes to approve Bible curriculum in elementary schools"},"id":"rcna181415","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/texas-board-education-votes-approve-bible-curriculum-elementary-school-rcna181415"}},{"headline":{"tease":"Trump's transition team turns to Project 2025 after disavowing it during the campaign"},"id":"rcna180689","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-team-turns-project-2025-disavowing-effort-campaign-rcna180689"}},{"headline":{"tease":"Kansas woman found buried in a freezer in Oklahoma died from 30 stab wounds, report says"},"id":"rcna181260","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/kansas-woman-found-buried-freezer-oklahoma-died-30-stab-wounds-report-rcna181260"}},{"headline":{"tease":"Putin claims new missile used in Ukraine is 'incapable' of being intercepted"},"id":"rcna181304","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/putin-kim-threats-keep-pressure-kyiv-week-escalations-rcna181304"}},{"headline":{"tease":"Giants release struggling quarterback Daniel Jones after signing him to $160 million deal "},"id":"rcna181374","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/sports/nfl/giants-release-daniel-jones-rcna181374"}},{"headline":{"tease":"Israel kills Hezbollah leader who planned elaborate attack on U.S. soldiers in Iraq"},"id":"rcna181315","url":{"primary":"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/israel-kills-hezbollah-leader-planned-elaborate-attack-us-soldiers-ira-rcna181315"}},{"headline":{"tease":"Vaccines don't cause autism. 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