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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seljuk_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seljuk_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Seljuk Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seljuk_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1148</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 137 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-137" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">137 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1148 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1148 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۱۴۸ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۱۴۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AE" title="১১৪৮ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১১৪৮" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148_n%C3%AE" title="1148 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1148 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148." title="1148. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1148." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۱۴۸ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۱۴۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148%E5%B9%B4" title="1148年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1148年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148%EB%85%84" title="1148년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1148년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="११४८ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="११४८" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148." title="1148. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1148." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AE" title="মারি ১১৪৮ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১১৪৮" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1148-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1148-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1148 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1148 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1148 (almanak jilyen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1148 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148_%D0%B8" title="1148 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1148 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148._gads" title="1148. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1148. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148_m." title="1148 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1148 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="इ.स. ११४८ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. ११४८" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B8" title="۱۱۴۸ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۱۴۸" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1148 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1148 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%81%E1%81%84%E1%81%88" title="၁၁၄၈ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၁၄၈" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="सन् ११४८ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् ११४८" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148%E5%B9%B4" title="1148年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1148年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AA%E0%AD%AE" title="୧୧୪୮ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୧୪୮" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="११४८ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="११४८" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1148 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1148 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="११४८ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="११४८" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148%D8%B9" title="1148ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1148ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A1%D9%A4%D9%A8" title="١١٤٨ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١١٤٨" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148." title="1148. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1148." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1148 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1148 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1691" title="พ.ศ. 1691 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1691" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1148" title="Соли 1148 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1148" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148%D8%A1" title="1148ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1148ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148%E5%B9%B4" title="1148年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1148年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148%E5%B9%B4" title="1148年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1148年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148%E5%B9%B4" title="1148年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1148年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1148" title="1148 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1148" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1120s" title="1120s">1120s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1130s" title="1130s">1130s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1140s" title="1140s">1140s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1150s" title="1150s">1150s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1160s" title="1160s">1160s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1145" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1145">1145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1146" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1146">1146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1147" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1147">1147</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1148" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1148">1148</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1149" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1149">1149</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1150" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1150">1150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1151" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1151">1151</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1148" title="Category:1148">1148 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_in_1148&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of sovereign states in 1148 (page does not exist)">Political entities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1148" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1148">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_12th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 12th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1148_births" title="Category:1148 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1148_deaths" title="Category:1148 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1148_establishments" title="Category:1148 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1148_disestablishments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1148 disestablishments (page does not exist)">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Art and literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/1148_in_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="1148 in poetry">1148 in poetry</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1148 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1148<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCXLVIII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>1901</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>597<br />ԹՎ ՇՂԷ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>5898</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1069–1070</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>554–555</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2098</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>13 <a href="/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England" title="Stephen, King of England">Ste. 1</a> – 14 <a href="/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England" title="Stephen, King of England">Ste. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>1692</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>510</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>6656–6657</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">丁卯</a>年 (Fire <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>)<br />3845 or 3638<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />戊辰年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a>)<br />3846 or 3639</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>864–865</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2314</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1140–1141</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>4908–4909</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1204–1205</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1069–1070</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4248–4249</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11148</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>148–149</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>526–527</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>542–543</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABan" title="Kyūan">Kyūan</a> 4<br />(久安４年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1054–1055</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>1148<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCXLVIII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3481</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>764 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前764年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>−320</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid era</a></td><td>1459/1460 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Graecorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Graecorum">AG</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>1690–1691</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴火兔年<br />(female Fire-<a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>)<br />1274 or 893 or 121<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳土龙年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a>)<br />1275 or 894 or 122</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RaymondOfPoitiersWelcomingLouisVIIinAntioch.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/RaymondOfPoitiersWelcomingLouisVIIinAntioch.JPG/300px-RaymondOfPoitiersWelcomingLouisVIIinAntioch.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/RaymondOfPoitiersWelcomingLouisVIIinAntioch.JPG/450px-RaymondOfPoitiersWelcomingLouisVIIinAntioch.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/RaymondOfPoitiersWelcomingLouisVIIinAntioch.JPG/600px-RaymondOfPoitiersWelcomingLouisVIIinAntioch.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1107" data-file-height="988" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Poitiers" title="Raymond of Poitiers">Raymond of Poitiers</a> welcoming King <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII of France</a> (right) in <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Antioch</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Year <b>1148</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCXLVIII</a></b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Thursday" title="Leap year starting on Thursday">leap year starting on Thursday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_place">By place</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_Crusade">Second Crusade</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second Crusade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – The French crusaders under King <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII</a> defeat a Turkish ambush next to the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Menderes_River" title="Büyük Menderes River">Meander River</a>. Three days later they arrive at <a href="/wiki/Laodicea_on_the_Lycus" title="Laodicea on the Lycus">Laodicea</a> – passing the spot where the German contingent led by <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Freising" title="Otto of Freising">Otto of Freising</a> has been so disastrously ambushed (see <a href="/wiki/1147" title="1147">1147</a>). The Crusaders are badly mauled as they cross <a href="/wiki/Mount_Honaz" title="Mount Honaz">Mount Cadmus</a> (around <a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a>) before reaching <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Adalia</a> on <a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Cadmus" title="Battle of Mount Cadmus">Battle of Mount Cadmus</a>: The French crusaders under Louis VII are defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Turks</a>. The vanguard led by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_de_Rancon" title="Geoffrey de Rancon">Geoffrey de Rancon</a> ignores orders to pause and moves too far ahead, losing touch with the main army. The French are attacked by the Turks with the <a href="/wiki/Wagon_train" title="Wagon train">baggage train</a> (almost 10 km long) unprotected. Louis is able to escape the fray under cover of the darkness.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> – The French crusaders are left in Adalia; lack of available shipping obliges Louis VII to divide his forces – the knights and best troops accompany him to <a href="/wiki/Port_Saint_Symeon" title="Port Saint Symeon">St. Symeon</a>. Large numbers of pilgrims and non-combatants try to continue along the coastal road. Continually harassed by the Turks many French and Germans are killed. Less than half of them arrive in the late spring at <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Antioch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a> recovers from his wounds and leaves <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> with his household. He is well supplied with money by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos" title="Manuel I Komnenos">Manuel I Komnenos</a> and uses these funds to recruit pilgrims to augment the forces that remain to him. Conrad and his re-equipped Crusaders sail with a Byzantine fleet to <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>. The fleet is scattered by storms and lands in different ports.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – Louis VII and his wife, Queen <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a>, are welcomed at St. Symeon by Eleanor's uncle <a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Poitiers" title="Raymond of Poitiers">Raymond of Poitiers</a> and all his household. Raymond escorts the French crusaders to Antioch, where for the next days festivities are held. He urges Louis to accompany him on an expedition against <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> but Louis refuses and prefers instead to finish his <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April – Southern French crusaders under <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Jordan" title="Alfonso Jordan">Alfonso Jordan</a> of Toulouse arrive by sea at <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>. Alfonso dies suddenly at <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a>, resulting in the accusation that he has been poisoned by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_II,_Count_of_Tripoli" title="Raymond II, Count of Tripoli">Raymond II, Count of Tripoli</a>. Most of the Provençal forces turn back and return home. Meanwhile, an unknown proportion of northern European naval crusaders (from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">Germany</a>) arrive at Acre.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April–May – Louis VII and the French crusaders remain in Antioch, but there are rumours of an incestuous affair between Eleanor of Aquitaine and Raymond of Poitiers. Louis, alarmed for his honour, departs with his army to Jerusalem in late May. Meanwhile, Conrad III with his chief nobleman are welcomed by Queen <a href="/wiki/Melisende,_Queen_of_Jerusalem" title="Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem">Melisende</a> and her 18-year-old son, co-ruler <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_III_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin III of Jerusalem">Baldwin III</a> at Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June – <a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_ad-Din_Unur" title="Mu'in ad-Din Unur">Mu'in ad-Din Unur</a>, Seljuk ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">atabeg</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, prepares for war and strengthens the fortifications of the city. He sends an urgent request for military assistance to the Zangid ruler <a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Din_Ghazi_I" title="Sayf al-Din Ghazi I">Sayf al-Din</a>. Unur orders his troops to destroy the water sources in areas that the Crusaders must cross. Seljuk governors of frontier provinces station scouting parties along the road to Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Acre" title="Council of Acre">Council of Acre</a>: Conrad III, Louis VII, Melisende and many other nobles join in a war council near Acre. They decide that Damascus rather than <a href="/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">Edessa</a> will be the primary target of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second Crusade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July – The Crusaders under Baldwin III join forces with the Crusader armies of Louis VII and Conrad III (all together some 50,000 men) at <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>. They march up the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley" title="Jordan Valley">Jordan Valley</a> and cross into Zangid territory.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – Zangid forces under Sayf al-Din arrive at <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>. Mu'in al-Din Unur sends a letter of ultimatum to the Crusader leaders to lift the siege of Damascus. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla</a> attacks demoralise the Crusaders.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damascus_(1148)" title="Siege of Damascus (1148)">Siege of Damascus</a>: The Crusaders are forced to withdraw from their siege of Damascus after only four days. First Conrad III, then the rest of the Crusader army, decides to retreat to Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September – The French crusaders raid the province of Damascus, in reprisal for the failure of their siege. Mu'in al-Din Unur takes his forces to the <a href="/wiki/Hauran" title="Hauran">Hawran</a> to protect the harvest and its transport to Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – Conrad III sails from Acre to <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> and forms an alliance with Manuel I against King <a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II of Sicily</a>. During his visit <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Henry II, Duke of Austria">Henry II, Duke of Austria</a> ('Jasomirgott') marries Manuel's niece, <a href="/wiki/Theodora_Komnene,_Duchess_of_Austria" title="Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria">Theodora Komnene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – A small Crusader fleet of Genoese and English ships sets sail from <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Anglo-Flemish Crusader fleet takes <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tortosa_(1148)" title="Siege of Tortosa (1148)">Siege of Tortosa</a>: A multinational force under <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Berenguer_IV,_Count_of_Barcelona" title="Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona">Ramon Berenguer IV</a> besieges the Almoravid city of <a href="/wiki/Tortosa" title="Tortosa">Tortosa</a>. After a 7-month siege the garrison surrenders.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Afonso_I_of_Portugal" title="Afonso I of Portugal">Afonso I</a> ("the Great") of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a> takes <a href="/wiki/Abrantes" title="Abrantes">Abrantes</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravids</a>. Ramon Berenguer IV conquers the lower <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> plain (between 1148–1149).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="England">England</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>October – Queen <a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Matilda</a> returns to <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a>, partially due to her difficulties with the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Catholic Church</a>. Without the support of <a href="/wiki/Robert,_1st_Earl_of_Gloucester" title="Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester">Robert of Gloucester</a> her personal fight for the English throne is over.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Seljuk_Empire">Seljuk Empire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Seljuk Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ghazni_(1148)" title="Battle of Ghazni (1148)">Battle of Ghazni</a>: Ghurid forces under <a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Din_Suri" title="Sayf al-Din Suri">Sayf al-Din Suri</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a> sultan <a href="/wiki/Bahram-Shah_of_Ghazna" title="Bahram-Shah of Ghazna">Bahram-Shah</a> and capture the capital <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>. Bahram-Shah is forced to flee to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Africa">Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Taking advantage of internal strife and a famine episode, <a href="/wiki/George_of_Antioch" title="George of Antioch">George of Antioch</a> takes <a href="/wiki/Mahdia" title="Mahdia">Mahdia</a> (<a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Susa</a> (<a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sfax" title="Sfax">Sfax</a> (<a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, in the name of Roger II.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Following the uprising of other cities in the region of <a href="/wiki/Meknes" title="Meknes">Meknes</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>) under al-Massati, the population of <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> rebels against the <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lameretlesmusulmans2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lameretlesmusulmans2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_topic">By topic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Literature">Literature</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Komnene" title="Anna Komnene">Anna Komnene</a> writes the <i><a href="/wiki/Alexiad" title="Alexiad">Alexiad</a></i>, a biography of her father, the late Emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religion">Religion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a> founds a new monastery at <a href="/wiki/Rupertsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupertsberg">Rupertsberg</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine Valley</a> near <a href="/wiki/Bingen_am_Rhein" title="Bingen am Rhein">Bingen am Rhein</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technology">Technology</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>An Italian <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> industry is started at <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> by Roger II, who takes numbers of silk workers back from <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_III_of_Hungary" title="Béla III of Hungary">Béla III</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_union_with_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia in union with Hungary">Croatia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1196" title="1196">1196</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemond_III_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond III of Antioch">Bohemond III</a> ("the Child"), prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Antioch</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1201" title="1201">1201</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galgano_Guidotti" title="Galgano Guidotti">Galgano Guidotti</a>, Italian knight and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1181" title="1181">1181</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_de_Meulan" title="Isabelle de Meulan">Isabelle de Meulan</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">noblewoman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1220" title="1220">1220</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_Alamut" title="Muhammad II of Alamut">Muhammad II</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Nizari_Ismaili_state" title="Nizari Ismaili state">Nizari Ismaili State</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1210" title="1210">1210</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ce_no_Hiromoto" title="Ōe no Hiromoto">Ōe no Hiromoto</a>, Japanese nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1225" title="1225">1225</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Antioch" title="Philippa of Antioch">Philippa of Antioch</a>, princess of Antioch (d. <a href="/wiki/1178" title="1178">1178</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Chuji" title="Qiu Chuji">Qiu Chuji</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> religious leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1227" title="1227">1227</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Canefri" title="Ugo Canefri">Ugo Canefri</a>, Italian knight and health worker (d. <a href="/wiki/1233" title="1233">1233</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Portugal" title="Urraca of Portugal">Urraca of Portugal</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1211" title="1211">1211</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_St_Saba" title="Anselm of St Saba">Anselm of St. Saba</a>, English bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke">Gilbert de Clare</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Earl of Pembroke">Earl of Pembroke</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1100" title="1100">1100</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Warenne,_3rd_Earl_of_Surrey" title="William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey">William de Warenne</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Surrey" title="Earl of Surrey">Earl of Surrey</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1119" title="1119">1119</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ascelin_(bishop)" title="Ascelin (bishop)">Ascelin</a> (or Anselm), English bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Bethune" title="Robert de Bethune">Robert de Bethune</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Hereford" title="Diocese of Hereford">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Clinton" title="Roger de Clinton">Roger de Clinton</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lichfield" title="Diocese of Lichfield">Coventry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_II,_Count_of_Nevers" title="William II, Count of Nevers">William II</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_and_Duchy_of_Nevers" class="mw-redirect" title="County and Duchy of Nevers">Nevers</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1089" title="1089">1089</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Conan_III,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="Conan III, Duke of Brittany">Conan III</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1095" title="1095">1095</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%BAs_Einarsson" title="Magnús Einarsson">Magnús Einarsson</a>, Icelandic bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint_Malachy" title="Saint Malachy">Malachy</a>, Irish archbishop and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1094" title="1094">1094</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi" title="Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</a>, Andalusian scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1076" title="1076">1076</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberic_of_Ostia" title="Alberic of Ostia">Alberic of Ostia</a>, French cardinal-bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1080" title="1080">1080</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Jordan" title="Alfonso Jordan">Alfonso Jordan</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Toulouse" title="County of Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1103" title="1103">1103</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_III,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus III, Count of Savoy">Amadeus III</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurienne" title="Maurienne">Maurienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ari_Thorgilsson" title="Ari Thorgilsson">Ari Thorgilsson</a>, Icelandic chronicler (b. <a href="/wiki/1067" title="1067">1067</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Gudensberg" title="Hedwig of Gudensberg">Hedwig of Gudensberg</a>, German countess (b. <a href="/wiki/1098" title="1098">1098</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Lausanne" title="Henry of Lausanne">Henry of Lausanne</a>, French monk and preacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahaut_of_Albon" title="Mahaut of Albon">Mahaut of Albon</a>, countess of Savoy (b. <a href="/wiki/1112" title="1112">1112</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_III,_Count_of_Burgundy" title="Reginald III, Count of Burgundy">Reginald III</a> (or <i>Renaud</i>), count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Burgundy" title="County of Burgundy">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_III,_Duke_of_Apulia" title="Roger III, Duke of Apulia">Roger III</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Apulia_and_Calabria" title="County of Apulia and Calabria">Apulia and Calabria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1118" title="1118">1118</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Vermandois" title="Simon of Vermandois">Simon of Vermandois</a>, French bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1093" title="1093">1093</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_St-Thierry" title="William of St-Thierry">William of St. Thierry</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhu" title="Wuzhu">Wuzhu</a>, Chinese prince, general and minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Mengde" title="Ye Mengde">Ye Mengde</a>, Chinese minister and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">poet</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1077" title="1077">1077</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1148&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Nicolle" title="David Nicolle">David Nicolle</a> (2009). <i>The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus</i>, pp. 50–51. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4">978-1-84603-354-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2009). <i>The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus</i>, p. 51. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4">978-1-84603-354-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2009). <i>The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus</i>, p. 37. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4">978-1-84603-354-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2009). <i>The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus</i>, pp. 53–54. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4">978-1-84603-354-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Steven Runciman</a> (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 226. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2009). <i>The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus</i>, p. 54. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4">978-1-84603-354-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 227. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2009). <i>The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus</i>, p. 55. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4">978-1-84603-354-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 228. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2009). <i>The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus</i>, p. 56. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4">978-1-84603-354-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2009). <i>The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus</i>, p. 71. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4">978-1-84603-354-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baldwin, M. W. (1969). <i>The First Hundred Years</i>, p. 510. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2009). <i>The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus</i>, p. 83. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4">978-1-84603-354-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, pp. 231–232. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2009). <i>The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus</i>, p. 16. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-354-4">978-1-84603-354-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Picard C. (1997). <i>La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age</i>. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcGrank1981" class="citation journal cs1">McGrank, Lawrence (1981). "Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and the Principality of Tarragona 1129–55". <i>Journal of Medieval History</i>. <b>7</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">67–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0304-4181%2881%2990036-1">10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medieval+History&rft.atitle=Norman+crusaders+and+the+Catalan+reconquest%3A+Robert+Burdet+and+the+Principality+of+Tarragona+1129%E2%80%9355&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0304-4181%2881%2990036-1&rft.aulast=McGrank&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1148" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chibnall, Marjorie (1991). <i>The Empress Matilda: Queen Consort, Queen Mother and Lady of the English</i>, p. 148. London, UK: Basil Blackwell. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-15737-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-15737-3">978-0-631-15737-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jaques, Tony (2007). <i>Dictionary of Battles and Sieges</i>, p. 391. Greenwood Publishing Group. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313-33538-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313-33538-9">978-0313-33538-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbulafia1985" class="citation book cs1">Abulafia, David (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4DZf-RBtZ7IC&pg=PA32"><i>The Norman kingdom of Africa and the Norman expeditions to Majorca and the Muslim Mediterranean</i></a>. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85115-416-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85115-416-6"><bdi>0-85115-416-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Norman+kingdom+of+Africa+and+the+Norman+expeditions+to+Majorca+and+the+Muslim+Mediterranean&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-85115-416-6&rft.aulast=Abulafia&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4DZf-RBtZ7IC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1148" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lameretlesmusulmans2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lameretlesmusulmans2_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Picard C. (1997). <i>La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age</i>. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p. 77.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1148&oldid=1267066408">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1148&oldid=1267066408</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1148" title="Category:1148">1148</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2011">Use mdy dates from February 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 January 2025, at 12:54<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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