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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_support_of_Buddhist_monks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>In support of Buddhist monks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_support_of_Buddhist_monks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christianity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Western_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Western_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>In Western Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Western_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Eastern_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Eastern_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>In Eastern Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Eastern_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>In the New Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hinduism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dāna_in_Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dāna_in_Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><i>Dāna</i> in Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dāna_in_Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Institutional_dāna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutional_dāna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Institutional <i>dāna</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutional_dāna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forms_of_dāna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forms_of_dāna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Forms of <i>dāna</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forms_of_dāna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Vedas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Vedas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>In the Vedas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Vedas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Upanishads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Upanishads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>In the Upanishads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Upanishads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Mahabharata_and_Puranas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Mahabharata_and_Puranas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.5</span> <span>In Mahabharata and Puranas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Mahabharata_and_Puranas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Islam-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Islam subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zakat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zakat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span><i>Zakat</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zakat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nisab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nisab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span><i>Nisab</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nisab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sadaqah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sadaqah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span><i>Sadaqah</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sadaqah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Judaism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tzedakah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tzedakah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span><i>Tzedakah</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tzedakah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mandaeism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mandaeism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Mandaeism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mandaeism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mandaeism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mandaeism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zidqa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zidqa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span><i>Zidqa</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zidqa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alms</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إحسان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إحسان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almosna" title="Almosna – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Almosna" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llimosna" title="Llimosna – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llimosna" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limos" title="Limos – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Limos" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almoina" title="Almoina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Almoina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almu%C5%BEna" title="Almužna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Almužna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almisse" title="Almisse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Almisse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almosen" title="Almosen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Almosen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lim%C3%B2%C5%9Bna" title="Limòśna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Limòśna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limosna" title="Limosna – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Limosna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almozo" title="Almozo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Almozo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limosna" title="Limosna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Limosna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aum%C3%B4ne" title="Aumône – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aumône" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derma" title="Derma – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Derma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemosina" title="Elemosina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elemosina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%94" title="צדקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צדקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleemosyna" title="Eleemosyna – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Eleemosyna" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamizsna" title="Alamizsna – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alamizsna" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Милостина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Милостина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalmoes" title="Aalmoes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aalmoes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almisse" title="Almisse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Almisse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almisse" title="Almisse – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Almisse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C5%82mu%C5%BCna" title="Jałmużna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jałmużna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmola" title="Esmola – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esmola" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Подаяние – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подаяние" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lim%C3%B2sina" title="Limòsina – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Limòsina" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Милостиња – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Милостиња" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almu" title="Almu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Almu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allmosa" title="Allmosa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Allmosa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0" title="Садақа – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садақа" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Милостиня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Милостиня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%94" title="צדקה – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צדקה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Money or goods given to poor people</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Alms_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alms (disambiguation)">Alms (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thorma_Alms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Thorma_Alms.jpg/220px-Thorma_Alms.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Thorma_Alms.jpg/330px-Thorma_Alms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Thorma_Alms.jpg/440px-Thorma_Alms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Woman giving alms by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Thorma" title="János Thorma">János Thorma</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Alms</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>) are money, food, or other material goods donated to people living in <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Providing alms is often considered an act of <a href="/wiki/Charity_(practice)" title="Charity (practice)">charity</a>. The act of providing alms is called <b>almsgiving</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>alms</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <i><span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">ælmesse</i></span></i>, <i><span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">ælmes</i></span></i>, which comes from <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">eleemosyna</i></span></i>, from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐλεημοσύνη</span></span> <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">eleēmosynē</i></span></i> ("pity, alms"), from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐλεήμων</span></span>, <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">eleēmōn</i></span></i> ("merciful"), from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἔλεος</span></span>, <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">eleos</i></span></i>, meaning "pity or mercy".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_monks_chanting_in_Lhasa,_1993.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Three_monks_chanting_in_Lhasa%2C_1993.jpg/220px-Three_monks_chanting_in_Lhasa%2C_1993.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Three_monks_chanting_in_Lhasa%2C_1993.jpg/330px-Three_monks_chanting_in_Lhasa%2C_1993.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Three_monks_chanting_in_Lhasa%2C_1993.jpg/440px-Three_monks_chanting_in_Lhasa%2C_1993.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>Three monks seeking alms in <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a>, Tibet in 1993.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dāna_in_Buddhism"><span id="D.C4.81na_in_Buddhism"></span><i>Dāna</i> in Buddhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dāna in Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na#Buddhism" title="Dāna">Dāna § Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Satuditha" title="Satuditha">Satuditha</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, both "almsgiving" and "giving" are called "<a href="/wiki/Dana_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana (Buddhism)">dāna</a>" (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli">Pāli</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such giving is one of the three elements of the path of practice as formulated by the <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a> for <a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">laypeople</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This path of practice for laypeople is <a href="/wiki/Dana_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana (Buddhism)">dāna</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%ABla" class="mw-redirect" title="Śīla">sīla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bhavana" title="Bhavana">bhāvanā</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Generosity towards other sentient beings is also emphasized in Mahayana as one of the perfections (<a href="/wiki/Paramita" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramita">paramita</a>). As shown in <a href="/wiki/Je_Tsongkhapa" title="Je Tsongkhapa">Lama Tsong Khapa's</a> 'The Abbreviated Points of the Graded Path' (<a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>: <i>lam-rim bsdus-don</i>): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Total willingness to give is the wish-granting gem for fulfilling the hopes of wandering beings.<br /> It is the sharpest weapon to sever the knot of stinginess.<br /> It leads to <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a> conduct that enhances self-confidence and courage,<br /> And is the basis for universal proclamation of your fame and repute.<br /> Realizing this, the wise rely, in a healthy manner, on the outstanding path<br /> Of (being ever-willing) to offer completely their bodies, possessions, and positive potentials.<br /> The ever-vigilant lama has practiced like that.<br /> If you too would seek liberation,<br /> Please cultivate yourself in the same way.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>The giving of alms is the beginning of one's journey to <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(concept)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirvana (concept)">Nirvana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali language">Pali</a>: <i lang="pi">nibbana</i>). In practice, one can give anything with or without thought for <a href="/wiki/Nibbana" class="mw-redirect" title="Nibbana">Nibbana</a>. This would lead to <a href="/wiki/Saddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddha">faith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali language">Pali</a>: <i lang="pi">saddha</i>), one <a href="/wiki/Five_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Powers">key power</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali language">Pali</a>: <i lang="pi">bala</i>) that one should generate within oneself for the <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma">Dhamma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sangha_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangha (Buddhism)">Sangha</a>. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Pali_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali canon">Pali canon</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Of all gifts [alms], the gift of <a href="/wiki/Dhamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma">Dhamma</a> is the highest.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Dhammapada" title="Dhammapada">Dhp.</a> chapter 24, verse 354)<sup id="cite_ref-Dhammapada24-354_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dhammapada24-354-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intentions_for_giving">Intentions for giving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Intentions for giving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The intentions behind giving play an important role in developing spiritual qualities. The <a href="/wiki/Suttas" class="mw-redirect" title="Suttas">suttas</a> record various motives for exercising generosity. For example, the Anguttara Nikaya (A.iv, 236) enumerates the following eight motives:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1088965794">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .columns-start .column{float:left;min-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .columns-2 .column{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .columns-3 .column{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .columns-4 .column{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .columns-5 .column{width:20%}}</style><div class="columns-start columns-2"><div class="column"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <ol><li>One gives with annoyance, or as a way of offending the recipient, or with the idea of insulting him.</li> <li>Fear also can motivate a person to make an offering.</li> <li>One gives in return for a favor done to oneself in the past.</li> <li>One also may give with the hope of getting a similar favor for oneself in the future.</li> <li>One gives because giving is considered good.</li> <li>"I cook, they do not cook. It is not proper for me who cooks not to give to those who do not cook." (i.e. Some give because they are able to do what others cannot.)</li> <li>Some give alms to gain a good reputation.</li> <li>Still others give alms to adorn and beautify the mind.</li></ol> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <div title="Pali-language text"><div lang="pi"> <ol><li><i> Asajja danam deti</i></li> <li><i> Bhaya danam deti</i></li> <li><i> Adasi me ti danam deti</i></li> <li><i> Dassati me ti danam deti</i></li> <li><i> Sadhu danan ti danam deti</i></li> <li><i> Aham pacami, ime ne pacanti, na arahami pacanto apacantanam adatun ti danam deti</i></li> <li><i> Imam me danam dadato kalyano kittisaddo abbhuggacchati ti danam deti</i></li> <li><i> Cittalankara-cittaparikkarattham danam deti</i></li></ol></div></div> </div><div style="clear: both"></div></div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Almsbowl2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Almsbowl2.jpg/95px-Almsbowl2.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Almsbowl2.jpg/142px-Almsbowl2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Almsbowl2.jpg/189px-Almsbowl2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="866" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>Alms bowl as used by <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhikkhus">bhikkhus</a> for going on an alms round</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_support_of_Buddhist_monks">In support of Buddhist monks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In support of Buddhist monks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Buddhism, alms or almsgiving is the respect given by a <a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">lay Buddhist</a> to a Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">monk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhikkhuni">nun</a>, spiritually-developed person or other sentient being. It is not charity as presumed by Western interpreters. It is closer to a symbolic connection to the <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">spiritual</a> realm and to show humbleness and respect in the presence of the secular society.<sup id="cite_ref-Mydans_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mydans-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The act of almsgiving connects the human to the monk or nun and what he/she represents. As the Buddha has stated: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Householders & the homeless or charity [monastics]<br /> in mutual dependence<br /> both reach the true Dhamma.... </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Itivuttaka" title="Itivuttaka">Itivuttaka</a> 4.7<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dighajanu_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dighajanu-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gift_bags_and_medical_kits_to_be_given_to_monks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gift_bags_and_medical_kits_to_be_given_to_monks.jpg/122px-Gift_bags_and_medical_kits_to_be_given_to_monks.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gift_bags_and_medical_kits_to_be_given_to_monks.jpg/184px-Gift_bags_and_medical_kits_to_be_given_to_monks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gift_bags_and_medical_kits_to_be_given_to_monks.jpg/244px-Gift_bags_and_medical_kits_to_be_given_to_monks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Pre-packaged alms kits can be bought to donate to monks</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> Buddhism, nuns (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli">Pāli</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhikkhuni">bhikkhunis</a></i>) and monks (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli">Pāli</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">bhikkhus</a></i>) practice <i><a href="/wiki/Takuhatsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Takuhatsu">Takuhatsu</a></i> (<i><span title="Pali-language text"><i lang="pi">pindacara</i></span></i>) where they collect food (<i><span title="Pali-language text"><i lang="pi">piṇḍapāta</i></span></i>). This is often perceived as allowing the laypeople to make merit (Pāli: <i><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">puñña</a></i>). Money cannot be accepted by a Theravadan Buddhist monk or nun in place of or in addition to food, as the <a href="/wiki/Patimokkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Patimokkha">Patimokkha</a> training rules make it an offense worth forfeiture and confession.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In countries that follow <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> Buddhism, the practice of <i><a href="/wiki/Takuhatsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Takuhatsu">Takuhatsu</a></i> has mostly died out. In China, Korea, and Japan, local cultures resisted the idea of giving food to 'begging' clerics, and there was no tradition of gaining 'merit' by donating to practitioners. After periods of persecution, monasteries were situated in remote mountain areas; the distance between the monastery and the nearest towns made this practice impossible. In Japan, the practice of a weekly or monthly <a href="/wiki/Takuhatsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Takuhatsu">Takuhatsu</a> replaced the daily round. In the Himalayan countries, the large number of <i>bhikkhus</i> would have made an alms round a heavy burden on families. Competition with other religions for support also made daily practice difficult and even dangerous; the first Buddhist monks in the <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> dynasty of Korea were said to be beaten due to their minority at the time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Tennenbach_4_017r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Codex_Tennenbach_4_017r.jpg/220px-Codex_Tennenbach_4_017r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Codex_Tennenbach_4_017r.jpg/330px-Codex_Tennenbach_4_017r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Codex_Tennenbach_4_017r.jpg/440px-Codex_Tennenbach_4_017r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1935" data-file-height="2564" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">St. Clare</a> distributes alms; Tennenbach Codex 4, illustrated before <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1492</span></figcaption></figure> <p>In Christianity, the giving of alms is viewed as an act of <a href="/wiki/Charity_(practice)" title="Charity (practice)">charity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic age">Apostolic age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> were taught that giving alms was an expression of love. Such care for the poor was to be understood as love for God, who, in the person of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a>, sacrificed himself for the salvation of believers.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In nearly all Christian denominations, money is donated to support the church's financial needs and its ministry to the less fortunate. In some churches, the alms are placed near to the <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> to symbolize that the offering belongs to God and to represent the unity of the congregation.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Western_Christianity">In Western Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In Western Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collecting_the_Offering_in_a_Scottish_Kirk_by_John_Phillip_YORAG_384.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Collecting_the_Offering_in_a_Scottish_Kirk_by_John_Phillip_YORAG_384.jpg/220px-Collecting_the_Offering_in_a_Scottish_Kirk_by_John_Phillip_YORAG_384.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Collecting_the_Offering_in_a_Scottish_Kirk_by_John_Phillip_YORAG_384.jpg/330px-Collecting_the_Offering_in_a_Scottish_Kirk_by_John_Phillip_YORAG_384.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Collecting_the_Offering_in_a_Scottish_Kirk_by_John_Phillip_YORAG_384.jpg/440px-Collecting_the_Offering_in_a_Scottish_Kirk_by_John_Phillip_YORAG_384.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1699" data-file-height="1195" /></a><figcaption><i>Collecting the Offering in a Scottish Kirk</i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Phillip" title="John Phillip">John Phillip</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">offertory</a> is the traditional moment in the <a href="/wiki/Mass_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass (Catholic Church)">Roman Catholic Mass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Lutheran Divine Service</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anglican_eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican eucharistic theology">Anglican Eucharist</a>, when alms are collected. <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptists</a> and Methodists, among other denominations, collect <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithes</a> and offerings (alms) during the offertory in church services. A tithe, the first tenth of one's income, is seen as what is owed to God, while an offering (alms) includes anything contributed beyond that.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ClaydonClarke2010_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClaydonClarke2010-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some fellowships practice regular giving for special purposes called "love offerings" for the poor, destitute or victims of catastrophic loss such as home fires or medical expenses. Traditionally, deacons and deaconesses are responsible for distributing these gifts among <a href="/wiki/Widow" title="Widow">widows</a>, orphans, and others in need. Many Christians support a plethora of charitable organizations, not all of which claim a Christian religious affiliation. Many American educational and medical institutions were founded by Christian fellowships giving alms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Eastern_Christianity">In Eastern Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In Eastern Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>, the collection of alms and tithes has not been formally united to the offertory in any liturgical action. However, either having a collection plate in the <a href="/wiki/Narthex" title="Narthex">narthex</a> or passing it unobtrusively during the service is not uncommon. In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Eastern Orthodox theology</a>, almsgiving is an important part of the spiritual life, and <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a> should always be accompanied by increased prayer and almsgiving.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almsgiving in the name of the deceased also frequently accompanies <a href="/wiki/Prayer_for_the_dead" title="Prayer for the dead">prayer for the dead</a>. Those whose financial circumstances do not permit the giving of monetary alms may give alms in other ways, such as <a href="/wiki/Intercessory_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercessory prayer">intercessory prayer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Works_of_Mercy" class="mw-redirect" title="Works of Mercy">acts of mercy</a> such as visiting people in prison, clothing the poor or volunteering in soup kitchens.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_New_Testament">In the New Testament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In the New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition, private acts of charity are a duty and considered virtuous only if not done for others to admire: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Be careful not to do your 'acts of righteousness' in front of others, to be seen by them. If you do, you will have no reward from your Father in heaven.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%206:1&version=nrsv">Matthew 6:1</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Jesus places the primary focus on the motives behind the outward and inward giving of alms, which should be love: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Rather, give as alms what is inside, and then everything will be clean for you!</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2011:41&version=nrsv">Luke 11:41</a></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gospel_of_Luke_Chapter_21-4_(Bible_Illustrations_by_Sweet_Media).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gospel_of_Luke_Chapter_21-4_%28Bible_Illustrations_by_Sweet_Media%29.jpg/220px-Gospel_of_Luke_Chapter_21-4_%28Bible_Illustrations_by_Sweet_Media%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gospel_of_Luke_Chapter_21-4_%28Bible_Illustrations_by_Sweet_Media%29.jpg/330px-Gospel_of_Luke_Chapter_21-4_%28Bible_Illustrations_by_Sweet_Media%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gospel_of_Luke_Chapter_21-4_%28Bible_Illustrations_by_Sweet_Media%29.jpg/440px-Gospel_of_Luke_Chapter_21-4_%28Bible_Illustrations_by_Sweet_Media%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption>Jesus commends this poor but generous woman in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2021:1–4&version=nrsv">Luke 21:1–4</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Jesus contrasts the giving of the rich and the poor: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>He looked up and saw the rich putting their gifts into the treasury. And He saw a poor widow putting in two small copper coins. And He said, 'Truly I say to you, this poor widow put in more than all of them; for they all out of their surplus put into the offering; but she out of her poverty put in all that she had to live on.'</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2021:1–4&version=nrsv">Luke 21:1–4</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Giving should be out of love and not out of duty: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>He will reply, 'I tell you the truth, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me.'</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2025:45&version=nrsv">Matthew 25:45</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p><br /> Sharing possessions was practised in the church: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Now the full number of those who believed were of one heart and soul, and no one said that any of the things that belonged to him was his own, but they had everything in common. </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Acts 4:32</cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>..there were no needy persons among them. For from time to time those who owned land or houses sold them, brought the money from the sales and put it at the apostles’ feet, and it was distributed to anyone who had need. Joseph, a Levite from Cyprus, whom the apostles called Barnabas (which means "son of encouragement"), sold a field he owned and brought the money and put it at the apostles’ feet. </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Acts 4:34-37</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandodari_based_on_Raja_Ravi_Varma%27s_painting_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mandodari_based_on_Raja_Ravi_Varma%27s_painting_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mandodari_based_on_Raja_Ravi_Varma%27s_painting_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mandodari_based_on_Raja_Ravi_Varma%27s_painting_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mandodari_based_on_Raja_Ravi_Varma%27s_painting_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mandodari_based_on_Raja_Ravi_Varma%27s_painting_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mandodari_based_on_Raja_Ravi_Varma%27s_painting_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1521" /></a><figcaption>Lady giving alms at the Temple by <a href="/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma">Raja Ravi Varma</a> (1848–1906)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dāna_in_Hinduism"><span id="D.C4.81na_in_Hinduism"></span><i>Dāna</i> in Hinduism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dāna in Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na#Hinduism" title="Dāna">Dāna § Hinduism</a></div> <p>In Hinduism, <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dāna</i></span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">दान</span>) is an ancient concept of almsgiving dating to the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedic period</a> of Hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-shahsoulful_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shahsoulful-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Dāna</i></span></i> has been defined in traditional texts as any action of relinquishing the ownership of what one considered or identified as one's own, and investing the same in a recipient without expecting anything in return.<sup id="cite_ref-kandm3_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kandm3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dāna</i></span></i> is typically given to one person or family, Hinduism also discusses charity or giving aimed at public benefit, which is sometimes called <i>utsarga</i>. This aims at larger projects such as building a rest house, school, investing in drinking water or an irrigation well, planting trees, and building care facilities, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice of begging for alms is called <i><a href="/wiki/Bhiksha" title="Bhiksha">bhiksha</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">भिक्षा</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 11th century <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Ray%E1%B8%A5%C4%81n_al-B%C4%ABr%C5%ABn%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī">Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī</a>, who visited and lived in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> for 16 years beginning in about 1017 CE, mentions the practice of charity and almsgiving among Hindus as he observed during his stay. He wrote, "It is obligatory with them (Hindus) every day to give alms as much as possible."<sup id="cite_ref-birunihind_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birunihind-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>After the taxes, there are different opinions on how to spend their income. Some destine one-ninth of it for alms.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others divide this income (after taxes) into four portions. One fourth is destined for common expenses, the second for liberal works of a noble mind, the third for alms, and the fourth for being kept in reserve.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī, Tarikh Al-Hind, 11th century AD<sup id="cite_ref-birunihind_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birunihind-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Almsgiving in Hinduism is considered a noble deed to be done without expectation of any return from those who receive the charity.<sup id="cite_ref-kandm3_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kandm3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some texts reason, referring to the nature of social life, that charity is a form of good karma that affects one's future circumstances and environment, and that good charitable deeds leads to good future life because of the <a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_(social_psychology)" title="Reciprocity (social psychology)">reciprocity principle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kandm3_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kandm3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Hindu texts, such as <i>Vyasa Samhita</i>, state that reciprocity may be innate in human nature and social functions but dāna is a virtue in itself, as doing good lifts the nature of one who gives.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The texts do not recommend charity to unworthy recipients or where charity may harm or encourage injury to or by the recipient. <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Dāna</i></span></i> is thus a <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharmic</a> act, requires an idealistic-normative approach, and has spiritual and philosophical context.<sup id="cite_ref-kandm3_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kandm3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some medieval era authors state that <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dāna</i></span></i> is best done with <i><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">śraddhā</a></i> (faith), which is defined as being in good will, cheerful, welcoming the recipient of the charity and giving without <i>anasuya</i> (finding faults in the recipient).<sup id="cite_ref-bilimoriadaana_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bilimoriadaana-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kohler states that these scholars of Hinduism suggest that charity is most effective when it is done with delight, a sense of "unquestioning hospitality", where the <i>dāna</i> ignores the short term weaknesses as well as the circumstances of the recipient and takes a long-term view.<sup id="cite_ref-bilimoriadaana_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bilimoriadaana-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Institutional_dāna"><span id="Institutional_d.C4.81na"></span>Institutional <i>dāna</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Institutional dāna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Satrams</i>, also called <i>Dharamsala</i> or <i>Chathrams</i> in parts of India, have been one means of almsgiving in Hinduism. <i>Satrams</i> are shelters (rest houses) for travelers and the poor, with many serving water and free food. These were usually established along the roads connecting major <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temple</a> sites in south Asia, as well as near major temples.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temples</a> have also served as institutions for almsgiving.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-burste_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burste-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>dāna</i> the temples received from Hindus were used to feed people in distress as well as fund public projects such as irrigation and land reclamation.<sup id="cite_ref-burste_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burste-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Forms_of_dāna"><span id="Forms_of_d.C4.81na"></span>Forms of <i>dāna</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Forms of dāna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forms of almsgiving in Hinduism include: </p> <ol><li><i>go dāna</i>, the donation of a cow<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>bhu dāna</i> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">भू दान</span></span>), the donation of land</li> <li><i>vidya dāna</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81na" title="Jñāna">jñāna</a> dāna</i> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">विद्या दान</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">ज्ञान दान</span></span>), the giving of knowledge and skills</li> <li><i>aushadhā dāna</i>, the giving of care for the sick and diseased</li> <li><i>abhay dāna</i>, the giving of freedom from fear (such as asylum or protection for someone facing imminent injury)</li> <li><i>anna dāna</i> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">अन्ना दान</span></span>), the giving of food to the poor, needy, and all visitors<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Between giving food and giving knowledge, Hindu texts suggest the gift of knowledge is superior.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_the_Vedas">In the Vedas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In the Vedas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> has the earliest discussion of <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dāna</i></span></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> and offers reasons for the virtue of almsgiving.<sup id="cite_ref-rhdana_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhdana-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>The Gods have not ordained hunger to be our death: even to the well-fed man comes death in varied shape,<br /> The riches of the liberal never waste away, while he who will not give finds none to comfort him,<br /> The man with food in store who, when the needy comes in miserable case begging for bread to eat,<br /> Hardens his heart against him, when of old finds not one to comfort him.<br /> <br /> Bounteous is he who gives unto the beggar who comes to him in want of food, and the feeble,<br /> Success attends him in the shout of battle. He makes a friend of him in future troubles,<br /> No friend is he who to his friend and comrade who comes imploring food, will offer nothing.<br /> <br /> Let the rich satisfy the poor implorer, and bend his eye upon a longer pathway,<br /> Riches come now to one, now to another, and like the wheels of cars are ever rolling,<br /> The foolish man wins food with fruitless labour: that food – I speak the truth – shall be his ruin,<br /> He feeds no trusty friend, no man to love him. All guilt is he who eats with no partaker. </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a>, 10.117<sup id="cite_ref-rthg_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rthg-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_the_Upanishads">In the Upanishads</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In the Upanishads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early <a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a>, those composed before 500 BCE, discuss the virtue of almsgiving. For example, <a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka Upanishad</a> states in verse 5.2.3 that three characteristics of a good, developed person are self-restraint (<i><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">dama</a></i>), compassion or love for all sentient life (<i>daya</i>), and charity (<i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dāna</i></span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-kane_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kane-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya Upanishad</a>, similarly, states in Book III that a virtuous life requires <i><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Sanskrit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapas (Sanskrit)">tapas</a></i> (meditation, asceticism), <i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">dāna</a></i> (charity), <i><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">arjava</a></i> (straightforwardness, non-hypocrisy), <i><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">ahimsa</a></i> (non-violence, non-injury to all sentient beings) and <i><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">satyavacana</a></i> (truthfulness).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chandogya_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chandogya-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Mahabharata_and_Puranas">In Mahabharata and Puranas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In Mahabharata and Puranas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a> describes the right and wrong forms of <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dāna</i></span> in verses 17.20 through 17.22.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Adi_Parva" title="Adi Parva">Adi Parva</a></i> of the Hindu Epic <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> states in Chapter 91 that a person must first acquire wealth by honest means, then embark on charity; be hospitable to those who come to him; never inflict pain on any living being; and share a portion with others whatever he consumes.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Vana_Parva" title="Vana Parva">Vana Parva</a></i>, Chapter 194, the Mahabharata recommends that one must "conquer the mean by charity, the untruthful by truth, the wicked by forgiveness, and dishonesty by honesty".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i> discusses when <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dāna</i></span> is proper and when it is improper. In Book 8, Chapter 19, verse 36, it states that charity is inappropriate if it endangers and cripples modest livelihood of one's biological dependents or of one's own. Charity from surplus income above that required for modest living is recommended in the <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Islam, the concept of Muhsi or Muhsin alms-giver or charitable giving is generally divided into voluntary giving, <i><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">ṣadaqah</a></i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">صدقة</span></span>), and an obligatory practice, the <i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">zakāh</a></i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الزكاة</span></span>). <i>Zakāh</i> is governed by a specific set of rules within <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Islamic jurisprudence</a> and is intended to fulfill a well-defined set of theological and social requirements. <i>Ṣadaqah</i> is possibly a better translation of Christian influenced formulations of the notion of "alms" for that reason, though <i>zakāh</i> plays a much larger role within Islamic charity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zakat"><i>Zakat</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Zakat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></div> <p><i>Zakāh</i> is the third of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">five pillars of Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The literal meaning of the word <i>zakāh</i> is "to purify", "to develop" and "cause to grow". <i>Zakāh</i> is the amount of money that every Muslim, male or female, who is an adult, mentally stable, free, and financially able, has to pay to support specific categories of people. According to <i><a href="/wiki/Shariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shariah">shariah</a></i>, it is an act of <a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">worship</a>. Possessions are purified by setting aside a proportion for those in need. This cutting back, like the pruning of plants, balances and encourages new growth. Various rules are attached but, in general terms, it is obligatory to give 2.5% of one's savings and business revenue and 5–10% of one's harvest to the poor. Possible recipients include the destitute, the <a href="/wiki/Working_poor" title="Working poor">working poor</a>, those who are unable to pay off their own debts, stranded travelers and others who need assistance, with the general principle of <i>zakat</i> always being that the rich should pay it to the poor. One of the most important principles of Islam is that all things belong to God and wealth is therefore held by human beings in trust.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>This category of people is defined in <a href="/wiki/At-Tawbah" title="At-Tawbah">At-Tawbah</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The alms are only for the poor and the needy, and those who collect them, and those whose hearts are to be reconciled, and to free the captives and the debtors, and for the cause of Allah, and (for) the wayfarers; a duty imposed by Allah. Allah is knower, Wise."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Qur'an 9:60</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The obligatory nature of <i>zakat</i> is firmly established in the Qur'an, the <i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">sunnah</a></i> (or <i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a></i>), and the consensus of the companions and the Muslim scholars. Allah states in <a href="/wiki/At-Tawbah" title="At-Tawbah">At-Tawbah</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"O ye who believe! there are indeed many among the priests and anchorites, who in Falsehood devour the substance of men and hinder (them) from the way of Allah. And there are those who bury gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah. announce unto them a most grievous penalty – On the Day when heat will be produced out of that (wealth) in the fire of Hell, and with it will be branded their foreheads, their flanks, and their backs.- "This is the (treasure) which ye buried for yourselves: taste ye, then, the (treasures) ye buried!"</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Qur'an 9:34–35</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Muslims of each era have agreed upon the obligatory nature of paying <i>zakat</i> from their gold and silver, and from other kinds of currency.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nisab"><i>Nisab</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Nisab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nisab" title="Nisab">Nisab</a></div> <p><i>Zakat</i> is obligatory when a certain amount of money, called the <i>nisab</i> (or minimum amount), is reached or exceeded. Zakat is not obligatory if the amount owned is less than this <i>nisab</i>. The <i>nisab</i> of gold and golden currency is 20 <i>mithqal</i>, or approximately 85 grams of pure gold. One <i>mithqal</i> is approximately 4.25 grams. The <i>nisab</i> of silver and silver currency is 200 dirhams, which is approximately 595 grams of pure silver. The <i>nisab</i> of other kinds of money and currency is to be scaled to that of gold; the <i>nisab</i> of money is equivalent to the price of 85 grams of 999-type (pure) gold on the day in which <i>zakat</i> is paid.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Zakat</i> is obligatory after the money has been in the control of its owner for the span of one lunar year; a lunar year is approximately 355 days. The owner then needs to pay 2.5% (or 1/40) of the money as <i>zakat</i>. The owner should deduct any amount of money he or she borrowed from others, check if the rest reaches the necessary <i>nisab</i>, then pay <i>zakat</i> for it.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the owner had enough money to satisfy the <i>nisab</i> at the beginning of the year, but his wealth in any form increased, the owner needs to add the increase to the <i>nisab</i> amount owned at the beginning of the year and then pay <i>zakat</i>, 2.5%, of the total at the end of the lunar year. There are minor differences between <i>fiqh</i> schools on how this is to be calculated. Each Muslim calculates his or her own <i>zakat</i> individually. For most purposes, this involves the payment each year of two and a half percent of one's capital.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sadaqah"><i>Sadaqah</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sadaqah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></div> <p>A pious person may also give alms as much as he or she pleases as <i>ṣadaqah</i>, and does so preferably in secret. Although this word can be translated as 'voluntary charity', it has a wider meaning, as illustrated in the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadiths</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Messenger of Allah</a> said: "Every good is charity. Indeed among the good is to meet your brother with a smiling face, and to pour what is left in your bucket into the vessel of your brother."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Jami%CA%BD_at-Tirmidhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiʽ at-Tirmidhi">Jamiʽ at-Tirmidhi</a> 27.76, hadith compiled by <a href="/wiki/Al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Tirmidhi">Al-Tirmidhi</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">The Prophet</a> said: "Charity is a necessity for every Muslim." He was asked: "What if a person has nothing?" The Prophet replied: "He should work with his own hands for his benefit and then give something out of such earnings in charity." The Companions asked: "What if he is not able to work?" The Prophet said: "He should help poor and needy persons." The Companions further asked "What if he cannot do even that?" The Prophet said "He should urge others to do good." The Companions said "What if he lacks that also?" The Prophet said "He should check himself from doing evil. That is also charity."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Riyadh_as-Salihin" class="mw-redirect" title="Riyadh as-Salihin">Riyadh as-Salihin</a> 141, hadith compiled by <a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Al-Nawawi</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judaism">Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tzedakah"><i>Tzedakah</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tzedakah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_cemetery_Otwock_Karczew_Anielin_IMGP6721.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Jewish_cemetery_Otwock_Karczew_Anielin_IMGP6721.jpg/220px-Jewish_cemetery_Otwock_Karczew_Anielin_IMGP6721.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Jewish_cemetery_Otwock_Karczew_Anielin_IMGP6721.jpg/330px-Jewish_cemetery_Otwock_Karczew_Anielin_IMGP6721.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Jewish_cemetery_Otwock_Karczew_Anielin_IMGP6721.jpg/440px-Jewish_cemetery_Otwock_Karczew_Anielin_IMGP6721.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4403" data-file-height="2739" /></a><figcaption>Sandstone vestige of a Jewish gravestone depicting a <i><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">tzedakah</a></i> box (<i>pushke</i>) in a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_cemetery" title="Jewish cemetery">Jewish cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Otwock" title="Otwock">Otwock</a> (Karczew-Anielin), Poland.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tzedoko_gelt.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tzedoko_gelt.JPG/220px-Tzedoko_gelt.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tzedoko_gelt.JPG/330px-Tzedoko_gelt.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tzedoko_gelt.JPG/440px-Tzedoko_gelt.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1893" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption><i>Tzedakah</i> pouch and <i>gelt</i> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a> for coins/money) on fur-like padding.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">tzedakah</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> term literally meaning righteousness but commonly used to signify "charity",<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> refers to the religious obligation to do what is right and just.<sup id="cite_ref-JTauber_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JTauber-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-YTauber_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YTauber-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Greek <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> <i>tzedakah</i> was sometimes translated as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐλεημοσύνη</span></span>, "almsgiving".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alms_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alms-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Judaism, <i>tzedakah</i> is seen as one of the greatest deeds that a person can do. <i>Tzedakah</i>, along with prayer and repentance, is regarded as ameliorating the consequences of bad acts. Contemporary <i>tzedakah</i> is regarded as a continuation of the Biblical <i><a href="/wiki/Maaser_Ani" class="mw-redirect" title="Maaser Ani">Maaser Ani</a></i>, or poor-tithe, as well as Biblical practices including permitting the poor to glean the corners of a field, harvest during the <i><a href="/wiki/Shmita" title="Shmita">Shmita</a></i> (sabbatical year), and other practices.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Jewish farmers are commanded to leave the corners of their fields for the starving to harvest for food and are forbidden to pick up any grain that has been dropped during harvesting, as such food shall be left for the starving as well.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a>, Chapter 10:7–14, <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> lists eight "laws about giving to poor people" (<i><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">hilkhot matanot aniyim</i></span></i>), listed in order from most to least righteous, with the most righteous form being allowing an individual to become self-sustaining and capable of giving others charity:<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Enabling the recipient to become self-reliant.</li> <li>Giving when neither party knows the other's identity.</li> <li>Giving when you know the recipient's identity, but the recipient doesn't know your identity.</li> <li>Giving when you do not know the recipient's identity, but the recipient knows your identity.</li> <li>Giving before being asked.</li> <li>Giving after being asked.</li> <li>Giving less than you should, but giving it cheerfully.</li> <li>Giving begrudgingly.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Mandaeism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zidqa"><i>Zidqa</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Zidqa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zidqa" title="Zidqa">Zidqa</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a>, <i>zidqa</i> refers to alms or almsgiving.<sup id="cite_ref-GR_Gelbert_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR_Gelbert-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drower_1937_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drower_1937-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mandaean_priest" title="Mandaean priest">Mandaean priests</a> receive regular financial contributions from laypeople. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mandaic_language" title="Mandaic language">Mandaic</a> term <i><a href="/wiki/Zidqa_brika" class="mw-redirect" title="Zidqa brika">zidqa brika</a></i> (literally "blessed <a href="/wiki/Oblation" title="Oblation">oblation</a>") refers to a ritual meal blessed by priests. An early self-appellation for Mandaeans is <i>bhiri zidqa</i>, meaning "elect of righteousness".<sup id="cite_ref-RudolphEI_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RudolphEI-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/alms" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/alms">alms</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">Almshouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begging" title="Begging">Begging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhiksha" title="Bhiksha">Bhiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Freegan">Freegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant" title="Mendicant">Mendicant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshulach" title="Meshulach">Meshulach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittance" title="Pittance">Pittance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qard_al-Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qard al-Hassan">Qard al-Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satuditha" title="Satuditha">Satuditha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayat" title="Zayat">Zayat</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Dhammapada24-354-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dhammapada24-354_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Pali, this line is: "<i>Sabba danam, Dhamma danam jinati</i>." This line can be found in the <i><a href="/wiki/Dhammapada" title="Dhammapada">Dhammapada</a></i>, Chapter 24, verse 354. Thanissaro (1997)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> translates this entire verse as: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>A gift of Dhamma conquers all gifts;<br /> the taste of Dhamma, all tastes;<br /> a delight in Dhamma, all delights;<br /> the ending of craving, all suffering<br /> & stress. </p> </div></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mydans-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mydans_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indicative of the mutual nature of the almsgiving exchange, in some Theravada countries, if a monk were to refuse alms from someone—a gesture known as "turning over the rice bowl"—this would be interpreted as an act of excommunication of the almsgiver by the monk. An example of such a refusal is the refusal of Buddhist monks to accept offerings by military personnel in military-occupied <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> (Mydans, 20 September 2007, NYT).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dighajanu-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dighajanu_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Almsgiving is also commended by the Buddha in a less prominent way in various other canonical texts such as the <a href="/wiki/Dighajanu_Sutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Dighajanu Sutta">Dighajanu Sutta</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a> 1:27 (NIV) "Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare with <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#5:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 5:23–24</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chandogya-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chandogya_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Translation: Now <a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Sanskrit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapas (Sanskrit)">Tapas</a> (austerity, meditation), <a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a> (charity, alms-giving), <a href="/wiki/%C4%80rjava" class="mw-redirect" title="Ārjava">Arjava</a> (sincerity, uprightness and non-hypocrisy), <a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a> (non-violence, don't harm others) and <a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya-vacanam</a> (truthfulness), these are the <a href="/wiki/Dakshina" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshina">Dakshina</a> (gifts, payment to others) he gives [in life]. – Chandogya Upanishad 3.17.4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YTauber-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YTauber_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Jews do not practice charity, and the concept is virtually nonexistent in Jewish tradition. Instead of charity, the Jew gives tzedakah, which means 'righteousness' and 'justice.' When the Jew contributes his money, time and resources to the needy, he is not being benevolent, generous or 'charitable.' He is doing what is right and just."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a> 19:9–10 (KJV) "And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field, neither shalt thou gather the gleanings of thy harvest. 10 And thou shalt not glean thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather every grape of thy vineyard; thou shalt leave them for the poor and stranger: I am the LORD your God."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alms">"alms"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=alms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Falms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/alms">"alms"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com Unabridged</a></i> (Online). n.d.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=alms&rft.btitle=Dictionary.com+Unabridged&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Falms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=alms">"alms"</a>. <i>Etymonline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Etymonline&rft.atitle=alms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dalms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nyanatiloka (1980), entry for "dāna". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.budsas.org/ebud/bud-dict/dic3_d.htm">Budsas.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070219163600/http://www.budsas.org/ebud/bud-dict/dic3_d.htm">Archived</a> 2007-02-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/buddha-purnima-2021-date-significance-and-importance-7303079/">"Buddha Purnima 2021: Date, significance and importance of the day"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 2021-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Buddha+Purnima+2021%3A+Date%2C+significance+and+importance+of+the+day&rft.date=2021-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Flifestyle%2Flife-style%2Fbuddha-purnima-2021-date-significance-and-importance-7303079%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nyanatiloka (1980), entry for "dāna" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.budsas.org/ebud/bud-dict/dic3_d.htm">Budsas.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070219163600/http://www.budsas.org/ebud/bud-dict/dic3_d.htm">Archived</a> 2007-02-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; and, PTS (1921–25), entry for "Puñña" (merit)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120707184520/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.2:1:3017.pali">Uchicago.edu</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tsongkhapa & Berzin (2001), verse 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226044803/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/various/wheel367.html">"Dana: The Practice of Giving"</a>. <i>www.accesstoinsight.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/various/wheel367.html">the original</a> on 2009-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.accesstoinsight.org&rft.atitle=Dana%3A+The+Practice+of+Giving&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accesstoinsight.org%2Flib%2Fauthors%2Fvarious%2Fwheel367.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thanissaro (2001).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/iti/iti.4.100-112.than.html#iti-107">Accesstoinsight.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061205193400/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/iti/iti.4.100-112.than.html">Archived</a> 2006-12-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/vin/sv/bhikkhu-pati.html#np-part2">"Bhikkhu Pāṭimokkha: The Bhikkhus' Code of Discipline"</a>. <i>www.accesstoinsight.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180516103756/https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/vin/sv/bhikkhu-pati.html#np-part2">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-05-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.accesstoinsight.org&rft.atitle=Bhikkhu+P%C4%81%E1%B9%ADimokkha%3A+The+Bhikkhus%27+Code+of+Discipline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accesstoinsight.org%2Ftipitaka%2Fvin%2Fsv%2Fbhikkhu-pati.html%23np-part2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/alms-and-almsgiving-bible">"Alms and Almsgiving (in the Bible) | Encyclopedia.com"</a>. <i>www.encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Alms+and+Almsgiving+%28in+the+Bible%29+%7C+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Freligion%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Falms-and-almsgiving-bible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prince2011-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prince2011_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrince2011" class="citation book cs1">Prince, Derek (1 October 2011). <i>The Promise of Provision: Living and Giving from God's Abundant Supply</i>. Baker Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-6328-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-6328-5"><bdi>978-1-4412-6328-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Promise+of+Provision%3A+Living+and+Giving+from+God%27s+Abundant+Supply&rft.pub=Baker+Books&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4412-6328-5&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ClaydonClarke2010-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ClaydonClarke2010_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaydonClarke2010" class="citation book cs1">Claydon, Tony; Clarke, Peter Bernard (2010). <i>God's Bounty?: Papers Read at the 2008 Summer Meeting and the 2009 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society</i>. Boydell & Brewer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9546809-6-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9546809-6-1"><bdi>978-0-9546809-6-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Bounty%3F%3A+Papers+Read+at+the+2008+Summer+Meeting+and+the+2009+Winter+Meeting+of+the+Ecclesiastical+History+Society&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-9546809-6-1&rft.aulast=Claydon&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Clarke%2C+Peter+Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKallistos_(Ware)Mary1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Ware" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy Ware">Kallistos (Ware), Bishop</a>; Mary, Mother (1978). <i>The Lenten Triodion</i>. South Canaan PA: St. Tikhon's Seminary Press (published 2002). pp. 35ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-878997-51-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-878997-51-3"><bdi>1-878997-51-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lenten+Triodion&rft.place=South+Canaan+PA&rft.pages=35ff&rft.pub=St.+Tikhon%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=1-878997-51-3&rft.aulast=Kallistos+%28Ware%29&rft.aufirst=Bishop&rft.au=Mary%2C+Mother&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/matthew/25-36.htm">"Matthew 25:36 - The Sheep and the Goats"</a>. <i>Bible Hub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Hub&rft.atitle=Matthew+25%3A36+-+The+Sheep+and+the+Goats&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fmatthew%2F25-36.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shahsoulful-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shahsoulful_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shah et al. (2013), Soulful Corporations: A Values-Based Perspective on Corporate Social Responsibility, Springer, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8132212744" title="Special:BookSources/978-8132212744">978-8132212744</a>, page 125, Quote: "The concept of Daana (charity) dates back to the Vedic period. The Rig Veda enjoins charity as a duty and responsibility of every citizen."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kandm3-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kandm3_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kandm3_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kandm3_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kandm3_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Krishnan & Manoj (2008), Giving as a theme in the Indian psychology of values, in Handbook of Indian Psychology (Editors: Rao et al.), Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8175966024" title="Special:BookSources/978-8175966024">978-8175966024</a>, pages 361-382</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanjay Agarwal (2010), Daan and Other Giving Traditions in India, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00E0R033S">B00E0R033S</a>, page 54-62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=dakSiNA&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0">bhikSA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150427213425/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=dakSiNA&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0">Archived</a> 2015-04-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Sanskrit English Dictionary, University of Koeln, Germany</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alberto Garcia Gomez et al. (2014), Religious Perspectives on Human Vulnerability in Bioethics, Springer, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9401787352" title="Special:BookSources/978-9401787352">978-9401787352</a>, pages 170-171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-birunihind-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-birunihind_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-birunihind_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alberuni's India (v. 2), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_5949073_002/pages/ldpd_5949073_002_00000157.html?toggle=image&menu=maximize&top=&left=">Chapter LXVII, On Alms and how a man must spend what he earns</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150416172307/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_5949073_002/pages/ldpd_5949073_002_00000157.html?toggle=image&menu=maximize&top=&left=">Archived</a> 2015-04-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Columbia University Libraries, London : Kegan Paul, Trübner & Co., (1910), pages 149-150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al Biruni states that another one-ninth is put into savings/reserve, one-ninth in investment/trade for profits</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MN Dutt (1979), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tws7AAAAMAAJ">The Dharma-shastras</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>, Volumes 3, Cosmo Publishers, pages 20-29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bilimoriadaana-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bilimoriadaana_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bilimoriadaana_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">P Bilimoria et al. (2007), Dana as a Moral Category, in Indian Ethics: Classical traditions and contemporary challenges, Volume 1, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0754633013" title="Special:BookSources/978-0754633013">978-0754633013</a>, pages 196-197 with footnotes</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">KN Kumari (1998), History of the Hindu Religious Endowments in Andhra Pradesh, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8172110857" title="Special:BookSources/978-8172110857">978-8172110857</a>, page 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kota Neelima (2012), Tirupati, Random House, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8184001983" title="Special:BookSources/978-8184001983">978-8184001983</a>, pages 50-52; Prabhavati C. Reddy (2014), Hindu Pilgrimage: Shifting Patterns of Worldview of Srisailam in South India, Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415659970" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415659970">978-0415659970</a>, page 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/sanctuaries-of-times-past/article487938.ece">Sanctuaries of times past</a> The Hindu (June 27, 2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">SK Aiyangar, Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History, Asian Educational Services, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8120618503" title="Special:BookSources/978-8120618503">978-8120618503</a>, pages 158-164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burste-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-burste_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-burste_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Stein" title="Burton Stein">Burton Stein</a>, The Economic Function of a Medieval South Indian Temple, The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 19 (February, 1960), pp 163-76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton Stein (February 4, 1961), The state, the temple and agriculture development, The Economic Weekly Annual, pp 179-187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Padma (1993), The Position of Women in Mediaeval Karnataka, Prasaranga, University of Mysore Press, page 164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abbe Dubois and Henry Beauchamp (2007), Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1602063365" title="Special:BookSources/978-1602063365">978-1602063365</a>, pages 223, 483-495</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maria Heim (2004), Theories of the Gift in South Asia: Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain Reflections, Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415970303" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415970303">978-0415970303</a>, pages xv-xxvi, 141-149 and Chapter 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chitrapurmath.net/sanskrit/subhashitas/Subhashita%206.%20The%20Gift%20of%20Knowledge..pdf">The Gift of Knowledge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150926034428/http://www.chitrapurmath.net/sanskrit/subhashitas/Subhashita%206.%20The%20Gift%20of%20Knowledge..pdf">Archived</a> 2015-09-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Chitrapur Matha, India</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rhdana-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rhdana_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R Hindery, Comparative ethics in Hindu and Buddhist traditions, The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Vol 2, Number 1, page 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rthg-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rthg_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Rig_Veda/Mandala_10/Hymn_117" class="extiw" title="s:The Rig Veda/Mandala 10/Hymn 117">The Rig Veda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandala_10" title="Mandala 10">Mandala 10</a>, Hymn 117, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_T._H._Griffith" title="Ralph T. H. Griffith">Ralph T. H. Griffith</a> (Translator)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kane-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kane_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PV Kane, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofdharmas029210mbp#page/n61/mode/2up">Samanya Dharma</a>, History of Dharmasastra, Vol. 2, Part 1, page 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141214104135/http://sanskritdocuments.org/all_sa/brinew-proofed_sa.html">"major_works in Devanagari script : Sanskrit Documents"</a>. <i>sanskritdocuments.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sanskritdocuments.org/all_sa/brinew-proofed_sa.html">the original</a> on 2014-12-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sanskritdocuments.org&rft.atitle=major_works+in+Devanagari+script+%3A+Sanskrit+Documents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsanskritdocuments.org%2Fall_sa%2Fbrinew-proofed_sa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/Brihadaranyaka.Upanishad.Shankara.Bhashya.by.Swami.Madhavananda#page/n843/mode/2up">Brihadaranyaka Upanishad</a>, Translator: S Madhavananda, page 816, For discussion: pages 814-821</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">अथ यत्तपो दानमार्जवमहिँसा सत्यवचनमिति ता अस्य दक्षिणाः Source: <a class="external text" href="https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/छान्दोग्योपनिषद्_१">Chandogya Upanishad (Sanskrit)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180515152136/https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7">Archived</a> 2018-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Verse 3.17.4, Wikisource</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Hume, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n233/mode/2up">Chandogya Upanishad</a> 3.17, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, Oxford University Press, pages 212-213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/Shankara.Bhashya-Chandogya.Upanishad-Ganganath.Jha.1942.English#page/n179/mode/2up">Chandogya Upanishad with Shankara Bhashya</a> Ganganath Jha (Translator), pages 165-166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Key Chapple, The Bhagavad Gita: Twenty-fifth–Anniversary Edition, State University of New York Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1438428420" title="Special:BookSources/978-1438428420">978-1438428420</a>, pages 653-655</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M.N. Dutt (Translator), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/aproseenglishtr00duttgoog#page/n143/mode/2up">Adi Parva</a>, Chapter XCI, verses 3-4, page 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MN Dutt (Translator), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/aproseenglishtr00duttgoog#page/n737/mode/2up">Vana Parva</a>, Chapter CXCIV, verse 6, page 291</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgarwal2010" class="citation book cs1">Agarwal, Sanjay (2010). <i>Daan and Other Giving Traditions in India</i>. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00E0R033S">B00E0R033S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daan+and+Other+Giving+Traditions+in+India&rft.pages=43&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB00E0R033S%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Agarwal&rft.aufirst=Sanjay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithpillars.html">"Five Pillars"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.islamreligion.com&rft.atitle=The+Third+Pillar+of+Islam%3A+Compulsory+Charity&rft.aulast=Mufti&rft.aufirst=Imam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamreligion.com%2Farticles%2F46%2Fthird-pillar-of-islam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beyazeller.org/en/zakat-ul-mal/">"What is Zakat on money and When is it required? | Donate your Zakat"</a>. <i>Beyaz Eller Association</i>. 2017-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Aid+-+changing+lives+for+good+-+Donate+Now+Zakat+%28Zakah%29+%7C+Sadaqah+%7C+Refugee+Services+%7C+Flood+%26+Disaster+Relief+Worldwide&rft.atitle=Islamic+Aid+Zakat+%28Zakah%29+%7C+Donate+your+Zakat+to+Fight+Poverty+in+Asia+and+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamicaid.org%2Fzakat-zakah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_‛Isa_at-Tirmidhi1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Tirmidhi">Ibn ‛Isa at-Tirmidhi, Muhammad, Imam</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/27/76"><i>Jamiʽ at-Tirmidhi</i></a> – via Sunnah.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jami%CA%BD+at-Tirmidhi&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Ibn+%E2%80%9BIsa+at-Tirmidhi&rft.aufirst=Muhammad%2C+Imam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Ftirmidhi%2F27%2F76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Sharaf_an-Nawawi2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Ibn Sharaf an-Nawawi, Yahya, Imam</a> (16 June 2014). <i>Riyadh as-Salihin</i> (Reprint, Bilingual ed.). 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New York: Basic Books. p. 48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Be+A+Jew&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Donin&rft.aufirst=Hayim+Halevy%2C+Rabbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JTauber-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JTauber_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1079/jewish/The-Myth-of-Charity.htm">Tzedakah vs The Myth of Charity</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313154027/http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1079/jewish/The-Myth-of-Charity.htm">Archived</a> 2012-03-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; by <a href="/wiki/Yanki_Tauber" title="Yanki Tauber">Yanki Tauber</a>; Retrieved 03-11-2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As per <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Gesenius" title="Wilhelm Gesenius">Gesenius</a> Lexicon; "Deuterony 6:25 καὶ ἐλεημοσύνη ἔσται...", "... derived from the Greek ἐλεημοσύνη (mercifulness), used by Greek-speaking Jews to denote almost exclusively the offering of charity to the needy, from a feeling of both compassion and righteousness (ẓedaḳah). (See <a href="/wiki/LXX" class="mw-redirect" title="LXX">LXX</a>. (note: Septuagint) on Prov. xxi. 21, and Dan. iv. 24.)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alms-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alms_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohler" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kohler, Kaufmann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1295-alms">"Alms"</a>. <i>1906 Jewish Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alms&rft.btitle=1906+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.aulast=Kohler&rft.aufirst=Kaufmann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F1295-alms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/45907/jewish/Eight-Levels-of-Charity.htm">"Maimonides' Eight Levels of Charity - Mishneh Torah, Laws of Charity, 10:7–14"</a>. <i>www.chabad.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160807162607/http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/45907/jewish/Eight-Levels-of-Charity.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-08-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chabad.org&rft.atitle=Maimonides%27+Eight+Levels+of+Charity+-+Mishneh+Torah%2C+Laws+of+Charity%2C+10%3A7%E2%80%9314&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F45907%2Fjewish%2FEight-Levels-of-Charity.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR_Gelbert-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR_Gelbert_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelbert2011" class="citation book cs1">Gelbert, Carlos (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://livingwaterbooks.com.au/product/ginza-rba/"><i>Ginza Rba</i></a>. Sydney: Living Water Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780958034630" title="Special:BookSources/9780958034630"><bdi>9780958034630</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ginza+Rba&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Living+Water+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780958034630&rft.aulast=Gelbert&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flivingwaterbooks.com.au%2Fproduct%2Fginza-rba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drower_1937-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drower_1937_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drower, Ethel Stefana. 1937. <i>The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran</i>. Oxford At The Clarendon Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RudolphEI-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RudolphEI_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudolph2008" class="citation web cs1">Rudolph, Kurt (7 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/mandaeans-2-religion">"MANDAEANS ii. THE MANDAEAN RELIGION"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429194459/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mandaeans-2-religion">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-04-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=MANDAEANS+ii.+THE+MANDAEAN+RELIGION&rft.date=2008-04-07&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fmandaeans-2-religion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/dhp.24.than.html#dhp-354">"Tanhavagga: Craving"</a>. <i>www.accesstoinsight.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061014163125/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/dhp.24.than.html#dhp-354">Archived</a> from the original on 2006-10-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.accesstoinsight.org&rft.atitle=Tanhavagga%3A+Craving&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accesstoinsight.org%2Ftipitaka%2Fkn%2Fdhp%2Fdhp.24.than.html%23dhp-354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alms&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Mydans, Seth (20 September 2007). <i>Monks Pressure Myanmar Junta</i> (New York Times). Retrieved 20 September 2007 from "The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/20/world/asia/20cnd-myanmar.html?_r=1&hp=&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&adxnnlx=1190317793-WFaRWsDL7E5KoNddBiTQ5A">New York Times</a></li> <li>Nyanatiloka Mahathera (4th ed., 1980). <i>Buddhist Dictionary: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines.</i> Kandy, Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Publication_Society" title="Buddhist Publication Society">Buddhist Publication Society</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/955-24-0019-8" title="Special:BookSources/955-24-0019-8">955-24-0019-8</a>. Available on-line at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.budsas.org/ebud/bud-dict/dic_idx.htm">Budsas.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li_Text_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli Text Society">Pāli Text Society</a> (PTS) (1921–1925). <i>The Pāli Text Society's Pāli-English dictionary</i>. London: Chipstead. Available on-line at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/">Uchicago.edu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725103343/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/">Archived</a> 2021-07-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanissaro_Bhikkhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanissaro Bhikkhu">Thanissaro Bhikkhu</a> (trans.) (1997). <i>Tanhavagga: Craving</i> (<a href="/wiki/Dhammapada" title="Dhammapada">Dhp</a> XXIV). Available on-line at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/dhp.24.than.html">Accesstoinsight.org</a></li> <li>Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2001). <i>The Group of Fours</i> (Itivuttaka 4). Available on-line at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/iti/iti.4.100-112.than.html">Accesstoinsight.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsongkhapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsongkhapa">Tsongkhapa</a> & Alexander Berzin (trans.) (2001). <i>The Abbreviated Points of the Graded Path</i>. Available on-line at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studybuddhism.com/en/tibetan-buddhism/original-texts/sutra-texts/the-abbreviated-points-of-the-graded-path">StudyBuddhism.com</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Charity_(practice)" title="Charity (practice)">Charitable giving and practices</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altruism" title="Altruism">Altruism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_(practice)" title="Charity (practice)">Charity (practice)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion" title="Compassion">Compassion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation" title="Donation">Donation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empathy" title="Empathy">Empathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising" title="Fundraising">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity_(virtue)" title="Humanity (virtue)">Humanity (virtue)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteering" title="Volunteering">Volunteering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Charitable_organization" title="Charitable organization">charitable<br />organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charitable_trust" title="Charitable trust">Charitable trust / Registered charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(nonprofit)" title="Foundation (nonprofit)">Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">Private</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">Crowdfunding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual-benefit_nonprofit_corporation" title="Mutual-benefit nonprofit corporation">Mutual-benefit nonprofit corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">Non-governmental organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">Nonprofit organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public-benefit_nonprofit_corporation" title="Public-benefit nonprofit corporation">Public-benefit nonprofit corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_club" title="Service club">Service club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_enterprise" title="Social enterprise">Social enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_corporation" title="Religious corporation">Religious corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charity and religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charity_(Christian_virtue)" title="Charity (Christian virtue)">Charity (Christian virtue)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">Tithe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charity_evaluation" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity evaluation">Charity evaluation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_effectiveness" title="Aid effectiveness">Aid effectiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Charity_Evaluators" title="Animal Charity Evaluators">Animal Charity Evaluators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candid_(organization)" title="Candid (organization)">Candid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_assessment" title="Charity assessment">Charity assessment</a></li> 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