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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail-vaas-Loosdrechts_porselein.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Detail-vaas-Loosdrechts_porselein.JPG/220px-Detail-vaas-Loosdrechts_porselein.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Detail-vaas-Loosdrechts_porselein.JPG/330px-Detail-vaas-Loosdrechts_porselein.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Detail-vaas-Loosdrechts_porselein.JPG/440px-Detail-vaas-Loosdrechts_porselein.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2134" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>Detail porcelain from Loosdrecht, in Museum <a href="/wiki/Geelvinck-Hinlopen_Huis" class="mw-redirect" title="Geelvinck-Hinlopen Huis">Geelvinck-Hinlopen Huis</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manufactuur_Oud-Loosdrecht_mark_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Manufactuur_Oud-Loosdrecht_mark_01.jpg/220px-Manufactuur_Oud-Loosdrecht_mark_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Manufactuur_Oud-Loosdrecht_mark_01.jpg/330px-Manufactuur_Oud-Loosdrecht_mark_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Manufactuur_Oud-Loosdrecht_mark_01.jpg/440px-Manufactuur_Oud-Loosdrecht_mark_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="243" /></a><figcaption>Manufactuur Oud-Loosdrecht mark</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Joannes de Mol</b> (September 15, 1726 – November 22, 1782) was a Dutch <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patriots_(Dutch_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriots (Dutch Republic)">Patriot</a> and porcelain manufacturer in the second half of the 18th century. De Mol - like many of his contemporaries - had a great interest in poetry and scientific experiments. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes_de_Mol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domineedemol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Domineedemol.jpg/220px-Domineedemol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Domineedemol.jpg/330px-Domineedemol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Domineedemol.jpg/440px-Domineedemol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="918" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Joannes de Mol by Pieter Oets (1720-1790). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasteel-museum_Sypesteyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasteel-museum Sypesteyn (page does not exist)">Kasteel-museum Sypesteyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nieuw-Loosdrecht" title="Nieuw-Loosdrecht">Nieuw-Loosdrecht</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>De Mol was born in 1726 at <a href="/wiki/Midlum,_Friesland" class="mw-redirect" title="Midlum, Friesland">Midlum</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Harlingen,_Netherlands" title="Harlingen, Netherlands">Harlingen</a> and, like his father, studied theology in <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden</a>. His first post was at <a href="/wiki/%27s-Gravenpolder" title="'s-Gravenpolder">'s-Gravenpolder</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a>, before moving in 1752 to <a href="/wiki/Oud-Loosdrecht" title="Oud-Loosdrecht">Oud-Loosdrecht</a>. There he got to know one of the richest women in Amsterdam, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_de_Haze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna de Haze (page does not exist)">Anna de Haze</a> who had a country house in the village and a collection of <a href="/wiki/Meissen" title="Meissen">Meissen</a> porcelain. In 1774 De Mol bought a clay part, stored in the <a href="/wiki/Muiderslot" class="mw-redirect" title="Muiderslot">Muiderslot</a>, left over from the porcelain factory in <a href="/wiki/Weesp" title="Weesp">Weesp</a>. That factory started in 1759 by <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Philip,_count_of_Gronsveld" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertrand Philip, count of Gronsveld">Bertrand Philip, count of Gronsveld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drost" title="Drost">bailiff</a> of <a href="/wiki/Muiden" title="Muiden">Muiden</a> and member of the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_of_Amsterdam" title="Admiralty of Amsterdam">Admiralty of Amsterdam</a>. The factory was declared a failure in 1770, and hardly produced a little more for its last two years. </p><p>De Mol began with experiments in his garden shed behind the parsonage, opposite the church in Oud-Loosdrecht. In 1774, he started producing <a href="/wiki/Porcelain" title="Porcelain">porcelain</a> as a way of creating employments for the local population in the impoverished peat district. A part of the production process, however, was sited in <a href="/wiki/Bilthoven" title="Bilthoven">Bilthoven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On a country estate, property of the youngest brother of <a href="/wiki/Belle_van_Zuylen" class="mw-redirect" title="Belle van Zuylen">Belle van Zuylen</a>, stood a "pletmolen met stamperij" (mill with grinding facilities), where <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a>, but possibly also cheap Chinese porcelain was added and ground up. The raw materials were mixed up with suitable white clay (from England?) and <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> in a cellar in <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht (city)">Utrecht</a>, and shipped to Oud-Loosdrecht. </p><p>The factory at Oud-Loosdrecht employed sixty men, of which twenty acted as painters and 25 were children, who also were trained in drawing. Under the foreign employees was <a href="/wiki/Louis_Gerverot" title="Louis Gerverot">Louis Victor Gerverot</a>, then known as a painter of exotic birds on porcelain. To finance the business, a few regents in Amsterdam, along with his sister-in-law, Eva de Mol-van Eibergen, acted as guarantor, jointly invested 200,000 <a href="/wiki/Dutch_guilder" title="Dutch guilder">guilders</a> in the factory. </p><p>In 1779, De Mol was laureated by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Economics Branch</a> for the care of his workforce. De Mol took former soldiers from <a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a> to employ. The managers of the <a href="/wiki/Suriname_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Suriname Society">Suriname Society</a> had made contact with him and convened in his business. J.G. Eichhorn, a German, who had a stiff right arm, was given a salary of two guilders per week and the Association provided a same sum .<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, De Mol - who had in the meantime become a patriot - had major difficulties keeping his head above water. His products were expensive: a cup and saucer costing seven guilder, then more than a week's salary for most. </p><p>De Mol's main fear was his competitor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Lyncke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Lyncke (page does not exist)">Anton Lyncke</a> in the Hague, who imported white porcelain from Germany to the Hague for painting. De Mol organised special lotteries to finance his work, but in 1781 was again forced to borrow money from the Amsterdam banker and art collector <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hope" title="Jan Hope">Jan Hope</a>. Barbara van der Hoeven, Hope's wife, came into the possession of 25% of the shares in the Manufactuur Old-Loosdrecht (M.O.L.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Old_age">Old age</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes_de_Mol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Old age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of weak health and output problems, De Mol had to sell his factory in 1782 for 12,000 guilder to four Amsterdam <a href="/wiki/Regenten" title="Regenten">regents</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Rendorp" title="Joachim Rendorp">Joachim Rendorp</a>, John Hope, Abraham Dedel and Cornelis van der Hoop. His creditors put in place a new manager, Frederik Daeuber. De Mol died two weeks later at a prestigious lodging <i>de Rondeel</i> on the river <a href="/wiki/Amstel" title="Amstel">Amstel</a>. The innkeeper tried to take possession of de Mol's stock in the warehouse on <a href="/wiki/Singel" title="Singel">Singel</a>. </p><p>Johannes de Mol always had the illusion that his son would follow in his footsteps. In 1783, however, Huibert fled to Germany with a 19-year-old (under age) noble girl from <a href="/wiki/Maarssen" title="Maarssen">Maarssen</a>. In 1784, porcelain production was moved to <a href="/wiki/Ouder-Amstel" title="Ouder-Amstel">Ouder-Amstel</a>. It received the protection of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis Bonaparte</a>, in 1806 the first king of the Netherlands. About 1820, it ceased porcelain production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes_de_Mol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loosdrecht" title="Loosdrecht">Loosdrecht</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes_de_Mol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zappey, W.M. (1988) De Loosdrechtse porseleinfabriek 1774-1784. In: Blaauwen, A.L. den, et al. (1988) Loosdrechts porselein 1774-1784.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Habermehl, N.D.B. (2000) Joan Cornelis van der Hoop (1742—1825). Marinebestuurder voor stadhouder Willem V en koning Willem I, p. 41.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes_de_Mol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930142022/http://www.verenigingrembrandt.nl/page.phtml?Id=58&AanwinstId=43">The Dutch Virgin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sypesteyn.nl/">Castle Sypesteyn Museum, with its important collection of Dutch porcelain</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slop.nl/">Foundation of the Loosdrecht glaze</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/tentoonstellingen/ex_224?lang=ned">Rijksmuseum with Dutch porcelain collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929230338/http://www.hollandsporselein.nl/">Dutch glazed ware at a temporary exhibition</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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