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window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":69651277,"created_at":"2022-01-27T08:32:15.725-08:00","from_world_paper_id":193615184,"updated_at":"2025-02-01T11:29:37.287-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Springer Nature","ai_title_tag":"Workplace Discrimination Perception Factors","grobid_abstract":"This study investigates perceptions of workplace discrimination among racial minorities in Canada. Specifically, the study examines how objective experiences of disadvantage and expectations for equity influence racial minorities' perceptions of discrimination. The results indicate that while both of these factors affect perceptions of discrimination, expectations for equity may be especially important. Although new immigrants are among the most disadvantaged groups in the Canadian labor market, they are less likely to perceive discrimination than longer term immigrants, who may have higher expectations for equitable treatment. Education also increases the perception of discrimination among immigrants, perhaps due to the higher expectations of educated immigrants. Lastly, objective income inequity is not found to be related to perceived discrimination.","publication_date":"2008,,","publication_name":"Journal of Labor Research","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"79664288"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"An Examination of Factors Affecting Perception of Workplace Discrimination","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [29817036]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":79664288,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “An Examination of Factors Affecting Perception of Workplace Discrimination”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/79664288/mini_magick20220127-11306-1ice4oc.png?1643303806" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">An Examination of Factors Affecting Perception of Workplace Discrimination</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29817036" href="https://ryerson.academia.edu/RupaBanerjee"><img alt="Profile image of Rupa Banerjee" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Rupa Banerjee</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2008, Journal of Labor Research</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">22 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 69651277; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This study investigates perceptions of workplace discrimination among racial minorities in Canada. Specifically, the study examines how objective experiences of disadvantage and expectations for equity influence racial minorities' perceptions of discrimination. The results indicate that while both of these factors affect perceptions of discrimination, expectations for equity may be especially important. Although new immigrants are among the most disadvantaged groups in the Canadian labor market, they are less likely to perceive discrimination than longer term immigrants, who may have higher expectations for equitable treatment. Education also increases the perception of discrimination among immigrants, perhaps due to the higher expectations of educated immigrants. Lastly, objective income inequity is not found to be related to perceived discrimination.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":79664288,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/69651277/An_Examination_of_Factors_Affecting_Perception_of_Workplace_Discrimination"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":79664288,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/69651277/An_Examination_of_Factors_Affecting_Perception_of_Workplace_Discrimination"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-premium-marketing"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-premium-marketing"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="premium-banner-content"><div class="left"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><span>Get access to the world's latest research</span></div><div class="right"><div class="card free"><div class="header">Free</div><div class="feature-list"><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Download one paper at a time</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to bookmarks</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Basic search</span></div></div><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--small ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"premium-banner-desktop-free"}">Sign up for free</button></div><div class="card premium"><div class="pill">Recommended</div><div class="header premium">Premium</div><div class="feature-list"><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get highly curated PDF packages</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact with Mentions</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Access advanced search filters</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Support Academia’s mission</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Create your personal website</span></div></div><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--small ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"premium-banner-desktop-upgrade","submitText":"Try Premium for $1"}">Try Premium for $1</button></div></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Thousands of people immigrate to Canada every year as they believe Canada is the land of opportunity and freedom for them. However, what they did not expect was to be deemed second class citizens and suffer discrimination, whether it is blatantly or behind closed doors. Racial discrimination is a multidimensional and complex phenomenon that is noticeable in various social and economic interactions within the society in which it is found. Racial discrimination in employment which is systemic that is, built into organizational structures and processes, and often involving informal activities and cultures is by its nature difficult to identify. As a result, there is no clear consensus on its prevalence, practical significance, or policy remedy. There are several theories that try to explain the causes and effects of racial discrimination in employment, drawing upon economic analysis as well as other disciplines, including sociology and social psychology. Racial discrimination in employment can take place at the pre-employment stage, by denying specific individuals from minority groups’ equal access to jobs, or it can occur at the post-employment stage. Levitan et al [1971] call the first type of discrimination “access discrimination,” and the latter, “treatment discrimination”. Discrimination against racial minorities in access to and treatment in employment inflicts substantial financial and psychological suffering on its victims. Besides the fact that discrimination contradicts basic human rights in a democratic society, its negative effects on productivity and work performance imply a loss of profits and output at the organizational level.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Remarks on Racial Discrimination in Canada","attachmentId":36134964,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9995015/Remarks_on_Racial_Discrimination_in_Canada","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9995015/Remarks_on_Racial_Discrimination_in_Canada"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="11334861" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11334861/Measuring_Racial_Discrimination_in_Canada_A_call_for_Context_and_More_Inclusive_Approaches">Measuring Racial Discrimination in Canada: A call for Context and More Inclusive Approaches</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27483189" href="https://ryerson.academia.edu/galabuzi">grace-edward galabuzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">When we set out to ask questions about how to measure racial discrimination in Canada, the underlying issue we are concerned about is whether 'race' still matters in Canadian life. It is a question that is neither neutral nor simple, but one that suggests a range of responses, depending on ideology, social location or life experience. Epistemologically, it lends itself to different responses from varied social locations, racialized or not.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Measuring Racial Discrimination in Canada: A call for Context and More Inclusive Approaches","attachmentId":36906817,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11334861/Measuring_Racial_Discrimination_in_Canada_A_call_for_Context_and_More_Inclusive_Approaches","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11334861/Measuring_Racial_Discrimination_in_Canada_A_call_for_Context_and_More_Inclusive_Approaches"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="40559296" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40559296/Prevalence_and_Predictors_of_Everyday_Discrimination_in_Canada_Findings_from_the_Canadian_Community_Health_Survey">Prevalence and Predictors of Everyday Discrimination in Canada: Findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="94231" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/IleneHyman">Ilene Hyman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Discrimination impacts many areas of life including health, social and economic participation. To date, national research on discrimination in Canada is slim. The goal of this paper is to present data on everyday discrimination in Canada and explore its socio-demographic and health related predictors. The main source of data was the Canadian Community Health Survey, which in 2013 included a special module on everyday discrimination (EDS). The study variables included: geographic region, gender, age group, education, income, racialized/Indigenous status, immigration status, language spoken, sexual orientation, weight, and physical / mental disability status. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the sample and frequency of discrimination by EDS items and attributions. Bivariate analysis were used to examine associations between specific types of discrimination (for example, discrimination due on race) and study variables. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the unadjusted and adjusted relationships between everyday discrimination and study variables. Results showed that the proportion of the Canadian population experiencing everyday discrimination was quite high (46.2%). The frequency of everyday discrimination was higher among population sub-groups on the grounds of their human rights classification. The significant predictors of experiencing everyday discrimination were: geography, gender, age group, racialized status, Indigenous status, non-immigrant status, education and income. The largest odds ratios of experiencing everyday discrimination was among youth and young adults (12-29 years) who experienced 4.49 times the odds of experiencing discrimination compared to seniors 70+ years. Understanding the prevalence and predictors of discrimination can help inform the development of health and social policies aimed at reducing population inequities.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Everyday Discrimination in Canada: Findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey","attachmentId":60837962,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40559296/Prevalence_and_Predictors_of_Everyday_Discrimination_in_Canada_Findings_from_the_Canadian_Community_Health_Survey","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40559296/Prevalence_and_Predictors_of_Everyday_Discrimination_in_Canada_Findings_from_the_Canadian_Community_Health_Survey"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="97122496" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97122496/DIVERSITY_POLICIES_DISCRIMINATION_AND_EMPLOYEES_PERCEPTIONS_OF_CANADIAN_WORKPLACE_IMPLICATIONS_FOR_POSITIVE_SOCIAL_CHANGE">DIVERSITY POLICIES, DISCRIMINATION AND EMPLOYEES' PERCEPTIONS OF CANADIAN WORKPLACE: IMPLICATIONS FOR POSITIVE SOCIAL CHANGE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="173670384" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BolutifeOluwadele">Bolutife Oluwadele</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">SSRN, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Humans cannot live in isolation. The uniqueness of diversity is found when people form an association or integrate to solve a problem and build a stable community. Diversity is a perceived solution to problems involving inequality, discrimination, and oppression. Governments worldwide cannot avoid diversity due to globalization's multidimensional impacts. The purpose of this study is to explore perceptions of Black immigrant workers in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, to contribute to the knowledge of both crusaders and tradition-bearers to manage polarity and reduce perceived discrimination and oppression suffered by crusaders while providing traditionbearers with positive outcomes. This study is significant in that it will create a better understanding of diversity, with equality as a polarity and dilemmas to manage rather than solutions to workplace oppression. The polarities of democracy theory was this study's theoretical framework. The theory involves distinguishing between problems that require solutions and dilemmas that require management for the best possible outcomes. The target group for the study was Black skilled immigrant workers in Calgary who had emigrated to Canada through the Express Entry program Recruitment of 10 participants was done through professional associations in Calgary. A lack of support for and undue pressure on Black immigrants results in a tortuous integration process. Future uncertainty indicates the need to manage diversity and equality in tandem to maximize their upsides. Policymakers and implementers of diversity policy in any organization should consider and engage with the polarities of democracy and polarity management theories.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"DIVERSITY POLICIES, DISCRIMINATION AND EMPLOYEES' PERCEPTIONS OF CANADIAN WORKPLACE: IMPLICATIONS FOR POSITIVE SOCIAL CHANGE","attachmentId":98831531,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97122496/DIVERSITY_POLICIES_DISCRIMINATION_AND_EMPLOYEES_PERCEPTIONS_OF_CANADIAN_WORKPLACE_IMPLICATIONS_FOR_POSITIVE_SOCIAL_CHANGE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97122496/DIVERSITY_POLICIES_DISCRIMINATION_AND_EMPLOYEES_PERCEPTIONS_OF_CANADIAN_WORKPLACE_IMPLICATIONS_FOR_POSITIVE_SOCIAL_CHANGE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="54731951" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54731951/Everyday_Discrimination_in_Canada_Prevalence_and_Patterns">Everyday Discrimination in Canada: Prevalence and Patterns</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="265764" href="https://ucalgary.academia.edu/JennyGodley">Jenny Godley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Canadian Journal of Sociology</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Using nationally representative data from the 2013 Canadian Community Health Survey, this article examines the prevalence and patterning of self-reported everyday discrimination in Canada. Almost twenty-three percent of Canadians report experiencing everyday discrimination. The most common types reported are gender, age, and race, followed by discrimination based on physical characteristics such as weight. Sex, age, marital status, race, place of birth, and body mass index all contribute to individuals’ reported experiences of discrimination. Gay men report particularly high levels of discrimination based on sexual orientation; Blacks, Asians, and Aboriginals report particularly high levels of racial discrimination; and Arabs, South and West Asians, and Aboriginals report particularly high levels of religious discrimination. There is strong evidence of the persistence of everyday discrimination in Canada, across multiple social groups, despite legal protections for marginalized grou...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Everyday Discrimination in Canada: Prevalence and Patterns","attachmentId":70956185,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54731951/Everyday_Discrimination_in_Canada_Prevalence_and_Patterns","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54731951/Everyday_Discrimination_in_Canada_Prevalence_and_Patterns"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="7133006" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7133006/Working_Precariously_The_impact_of_race_and_immigrants_status_on_employment_opportunities_and_outcomes_in_Canada">Working Precariously: The impact of race and immigrants status on employment opportunities and outcomes in Canada</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12294217" href="https://ryerson.academia.edu/graceEdwardGalabuzi">grace-Edward Galabuzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Working Precariously: The impact of race and immigrants status on employment opportunities and outcomes in Canada","attachmentId":33771116,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7133006/Working_Precariously_The_impact_of_race_and_immigrants_status_on_employment_opportunities_and_outcomes_in_Canada","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7133006/Working_Precariously_The_impact_of_race_and_immigrants_status_on_employment_opportunities_and_outcomes_in_Canada"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="69651305" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69651305/Do_Large_Employers_Treat_Racial_Minorities_More_Fairly_An_Analysis_of_Canadian_Field_Experiment_Data">Do Large Employers Treat Racial Minorities More Fairly? An Analysis of Canadian Field Experiment Data</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29817036" href="https://ryerson.academia.edu/RupaBanerjee">Rupa Banerjee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Canadian Public Policy</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Analysis of amended data from a large-scale Canadian employment audit study (Oreopoulos 2011) shows substantial organization size differences in discrimination against skilled applicants with Asian (Chinese, Indian, or Pakistani) names in the decision to call for an interview. In organizations with more than 500 employees, Asian-named applicants are 20 percent less likely to receive a callback; in smaller organizations, the disadvantage is nearly 40 percent. Large organizations may discriminate less frequently because of more resources in recruitment and training, more human resources development, and greater experience with diversity. Anonymized résumé review may allow organizations to test hiring procedures for discrimination fairly inexpensively.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Do Large Employers Treat Racial Minorities More Fairly? An Analysis of Canadian Field Experiment Data","attachmentId":79664233,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69651305/Do_Large_Employers_Treat_Racial_Minorities_More_Fairly_An_Analysis_of_Canadian_Field_Experiment_Data","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69651305/Do_Large_Employers_Treat_Racial_Minorities_More_Fairly_An_Analysis_of_Canadian_Field_Experiment_Data"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="91589909" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91589909/MANAGING_DIVERSITY_AND_INEQUALITY_AMONG_BLACK_IMMIGRANT_WORKERS_IN_CANADA_THE_DIMENSIONS_AND_PROSPECTS">MANAGING DIVERSITY AND INEQUALITY AMONG BLACK IMMIGRANT WORKERS IN CANADA: THE DIMENSIONS AND PROSPECTS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="173670384" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BolutifeOluwadele">Bolutife Oluwadele</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">SSRN, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The migration of humans from one place to the other is a direct result of globalization. Globalization has resulted in permeable boundaries with a repercussion of a highly mobile labor force. Many European and American countries are popular points of destination among other Asian and African countries. Canada's multicultural environment and Express Entry Program attract many immigrants seeking employment opportunities. Often than not, research has indicated that instead of equality and advancement, black immigrants are often underpaid and face few opportunities for advancement. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perception of skilled Black immigrants' on how perceived inequality and workplace diversity in Canada could be managed. Johnson's polarity management, as adapted in Benet's Polarity of Democracy (POD), was the theoretical framework of analysis. Narrative inquiry elicited information through in-depth interviews of 10 purposively sampled Black immigrant participants who spent a minimum of five years in the workplace. Interview data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis software. The findings identified a perceived need for a paradigm shift from understanding diversity as a standalone concept to seeing workplace polarity as a better place to balance diversity/equality. This will address the ubiquitous challenge of paradoxes in diversity outcomes and have a positive implication for increased diversity in policy formulation and implementation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"MANAGING DIVERSITY AND INEQUALITY AMONG BLACK IMMIGRANT WORKERS IN CANADA: THE DIMENSIONS AND PROSPECTS","attachmentId":94834679,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91589909/MANAGING_DIVERSITY_AND_INEQUALITY_AMONG_BLACK_IMMIGRANT_WORKERS_IN_CANADA_THE_DIMENSIONS_AND_PROSPECTS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91589909/MANAGING_DIVERSITY_AND_INEQUALITY_AMONG_BLACK_IMMIGRANT_WORKERS_IN_CANADA_THE_DIMENSIONS_AND_PROSPECTS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="99512574" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99512574/Socioeconomic_Disparities_Among_Racialized_Immigrants_in_Canada">Socioeconomic Disparities Among Racialized Immigrants in Canada</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46924048" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/KarunKarkiMABEdMAMSWPhDRSW">Karun K . Karki, MA, B.Ed, MA, MSW, PhD, RSW</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Springer, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Canada's economic development is built through waves of migrants and immigrant labor. The Canadian labor market, however, is characterized by discriminatory divisions rooted in its history of racism. Discrimination is prejudgment and unjust treatment of individuals and groups based on socially constructed identity markers such as race, ethnicity, gender identity, and immigration status. It is the exclusion of individuals or groups from full participation in the society. This chapter focuses on two dimensions of disparity among racialized immigrants in the Canadian society: economic disparity and social disparity. This chapter begins with an introduction of immigration to Canada. The third section further substantiates the theoretical construct through an extent review of literature on socioeconomic disparities among racialized immigrants in the Canadian labour market, followed by conclusion and recommendations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Socioeconomic Disparities Among Racialized Immigrants in Canada","attachmentId":100581053,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99512574/Socioeconomic_Disparities_Among_Racialized_Immigrants_in_Canada","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99512574/Socioeconomic_Disparities_Among_Racialized_Immigrants_in_Canada"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="32482117" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32482117/Comparative_Study_on_the_Collection_of_data_to_Measure_the_Extent_and_Impact_of_Discrimination_in_a_selection_of_countries_Medis_Project_Measurement_of_Discriminations_Final_Report_on_Canada_EUROPEAN_COMMISSION_Employment_and_Social_Affairs_DG">Comparative Study on the Collection of data to Measure the Extent and Impact of Discrimination in a selection of countries Medis Project (Measurement of Discriminations) Final Report on Canada EUROPEAN COMMISSION Employment and Social Affairs DG</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33211731" href="https://uqam.academia.edu/MarysePotvin">Maryse Potvin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">14 rue Antoine Dumont 69372 LYON cedex 08 France-site Internet : http://www.economie-humanisme.org téléphone 33 (0)4 72 71 66 66-télécopie 33 (0)4 78 69 86 96-courriel : ehlyon@economie-humanisme.org</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comparative Study on the Collection of data to Measure the Extent and Impact of Discrimination in a selection of countries Medis Project (Measurement of Discriminations) Final Report on Canada EUROPEAN COMMISSION Employment and Social Affairs DG","attachmentId":52669402,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32482117/Comparative_Study_on_the_Collection_of_data_to_Measure_the_Extent_and_Impact_of_Discrimination_in_a_selection_of_countries_Medis_Project_Measurement_of_Discriminations_Final_Report_on_Canada_EUROPEAN_COMMISSION_Employment_and_Social_Affairs_DG","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32482117/Comparative_Study_on_the_Collection_of_data_to_Measure_the_Extent_and_Impact_of_Discrimination_in_a_selection_of_countries_Medis_Project_Measurement_of_Discriminations_Final_Report_on_Canada_EUROPEAN_COMMISSION_Employment_and_Social_Affairs_DG"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/SocorroMendoza3">Socorro Mendoza</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Integrative Framework on the Nature, Antecedents and Outcomes of Perceived Discrimination in the Workplace","attachmentId":78319831,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67542502/An_Integrative_Framework_on_the_Nature_Antecedents_and_Outcomes_of_Perceived_Discrimination_in_the_Workplace","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67542502/An_Integrative_Framework_on_the_Nature_Antecedents_and_Outcomes_of_Perceived_Discrimination_in_the_Workplace"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="44631633" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44631633/Shifting_Opinions_Perceptions_of_Discrimination_in_Alberta_Society">Shifting Opinions: Perceptions of Discrimination in Alberta Society</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27772717" href="https://ualberta.academia.edu/AngeliaWagner">Angelia Wagner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata 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(2007). Racism and Discrimination in Canada: Laws Policies and Practices. Report commissioned by Strategic Policy, Research and Planning Directorate, Multiculturalism and Human Rights Program, Department of Canadian Heritage.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="545357" href="https://uvic.academia.edu/TamaraKrawchenko">Tamara Krawchenko</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cassin, M.A., Krawchenko, T., VanderPlaat, M. (2007). Racism and Discrimination in Canada: Laws Policies and Practices. 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Canadian journal of psychiatry. 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