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<span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Computer based digital film system created by Kodak</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">Cineon Image File Format</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Eastman_Kodak_Company_(1987%E2%80%932006).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Logo_of_the_Eastman_Kodak_Company_%281987%E2%80%932006%29.svg/64px-Logo_of_the_Eastman_Kodak_Company_%281987%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Logo_of_the_Eastman_Kodak_Company_%281987%E2%80%932006%29.svg/96px-Logo_of_the_Eastman_Kodak_Company_%281987%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Logo_of_the_Eastman_Kodak_Company_%281987%E2%80%932006%29.svg/128px-Logo_of_the_Eastman_Kodak_Company_%281987%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="169" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> <code>.cin</code></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Kodak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Image file formats">Image file formats</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Extended to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Picture_Exchange" title="Digital Picture Exchange">DPX</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cineon.com/ff_draft.php">Draft 4.5</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cineon.com">www<wbr />.cineon<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cineon System</b> was one of the first <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> based <a href="/wiki/Digital_intermediate" title="Digital intermediate">digital film systems</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Kodak">Kodak</a> in the early 1990s. It was an integrated suite of components consisting a <a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_film_scanner" title="Motion picture film scanner">Motion picture film scanner</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Film_recorder" title="Film recorder">film recorder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">workstation</a> hardware with <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> (the Cineon Digital Film Workstation) for <a href="/wiki/Compositing" title="Compositing">compositing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">visual effects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_photograph_restoration" title="Digital photograph restoration">image restoration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">color management</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The system was first released in September 1992 to <a href="/wiki/Cinesite" title="Cinesite">Cinesite</a> Hollywood. The workstations were initially built on <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun</a>-<a href="/wiki/Transputer" title="Transputer">Transputer</a> based hardware. In July 1993 version 2.1.3 of the software was released for <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics Inc</a>, <a href="/wiki/SGI_Onyx" title="SGI Onyx">SGI Onyx</a> hardware. The software was withdrawn from sale by 1997, although a number of customers continued to use it beyond that date. As an end-to-end solution for <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K resolution</a>, 10 bit digital <a href="/wiki/Film_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Film production">film production</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_intermediate" title="Digital intermediate">Digital intermediate</a>, the system was one of the first. The three major components of the system (scanner, workstation software, and recorder) have all received separate <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">AMPAS</a> Scientific and Technical Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cineon project was also responsible for the creation of the Cineon ( .cin) 10 bit log file format, designed to handle <a href="/wiki/Digital_image" title="Digital image">digital film frames</a>. Although the product is no longer for sale, Cineon file format that Kodak defined was for a long time commonly used in the film <a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">visual effects</a> world, and formed the basis for the newer <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a>-standardised <a href="/wiki/Digital_Picture_Exchange" title="Digital Picture Exchange">Digital Picture Exchange</a> (DPX) format.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cineon_file_format">Cineon file format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cineon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Cineon file format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cineon file format was designed specifically to represent scanned film images, and thus has some differences from other formats such as <a href="/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a> and <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>: </p> <ul><li>The pixel data represents "printing density", the density that is seen by the <a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">print film</a>. Thus, Cineon files are assumed to operate as part of a reproduction chain keeping whatever values are originally scanned from a <a href="/wiki/Negative_(photography)" title="Negative (photography)">negative</a> or <a href="/wiki/Release_print" title="Release print">positive film</a>. Any negative can be reproduced on the recorder retaining the original neg's characteristics (such as color component crosstalk and <a href="/wiki/Gamma_correction" title="Gamma correction">gamma correction</a>) — and thereby retaining the negative's "look" if it were directly printed. The original Cineon <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color data metric</a> printing densities were based upon <a href="/wiki/List_of_motion_picture_film_stocks" title="List of motion picture film stocks">5244 intermediate film</a>. Conversion of Cineon Printing Density <a href="/wiki/Academy_Color_Encoding_System" title="Academy Color Encoding System">(CPD)</a> to Status-M can be estimated with a 3x3 matrix or by using tables contained in the Kodak "Digital LAD" document. This document shows a specific relation between Cineon Code values and Status-M densities.</li> <li>The data is stored in <a href="/wiki/Logarithm" title="Logarithm">log</a> format, directly corresponding to density of the original negative. Since the scanned material is likely a negative, the data can be said to be "gamma with log encoding".</li> <li>To evaluate original scene luminances from Cineon data, the camera negative characteristics must be known. (Such characterization is known as "unbuilding.") Such characterization is aided by exposing a sensitometric strip so that the actual developing gamma can be determined. The film can be unbuilt by using the unique per-layer contrasts of the color negative.</li> <li>In a Cineon (.cin) file, each channel (R, G, B) is 10 bits, packed 3 per 32-bit word, with two bits unused.</li> <li>Conversion to 8-bit integer format for display on computer monitors or transfer to video typically involves the notion of the "black point" and "<a href="/wiki/White_point" title="White point">white point</a>" used for conversion to more limited range video signals. Conventionally, these points are 95 and 685 on the 0-1023 scale (but should be adjusted based upon actual negative content). Pixel values above 685 are "brighter than white", such as the sun, chrome highlights, etc. The concept of a "soft clip" was introduced to make the rolloff of whites appear more natural. Pixel values below 95 represent black values exposed on the negative (the clear base of the film). These values can descend in practice as low as pixel values 20 or 30.</li></ul> <p>Programs like <a href="/wiki/FFmpeg" title="FFmpeg">FFmpeg</a> and <a href="/wiki/XnView" title="XnView">XnView</a> report to support <code>.cin</code> and <code><a href="/wiki/DPX" class="mw-redirect" title="DPX">.dpx</a></code>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentation">Documentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cineon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Documentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conversions to the Cineon format were defined in a Kodak document by Glenn Kennel.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a> standardized the format further into a related format called <a href="/wiki/DPX" class="mw-redirect" title="DPX">DPX</a> which can store more varieties of image information as well as additional header information. </p><p>The Cineon 10 bits per pixel color space provides 1024 levels of color as opposed to 256 levels of color in 8 bits per pixel color space. 10 bit <a href="/wiki/YUV" class="mw-redirect" title="YUV">YUV</a> and 10 bit <a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a> are the industry standard. The standard documented and recognized by the Society Of Motion Picture Television Engineers: <a href="/wiki/SMPTE_259M" title="SMPTE 259M">SMPTE 259M</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMPTE_292M" class="mw-redirect" title="SMPTE 292M">SMPTE 292M</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMPTE_296M" class="mw-redirect" title="SMPTE 296M">SMPTE 296M</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMPTE_372M" title="SMPTE 372M">SMPTE 372M</a>. A <code>.fido</code> file is a type of Cineon Graphics Data File format.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cineon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the late 1980s Glenn Kennel was the principal architect of the Cineon digital film system. Kennel led the development of the Cineon <a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a> film scanner and <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_recorder" title="Film recorder">Film recorder</a> (the Lightning film recorder) in Rochester NY. From February 1990, the Cineon workstation software was written by a team based at Kodak in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne, Australia">Melbourne, Australia</a> led by Lindsay Arnold. In early 1995, development moved to Kodak in Rochester, NY, where it was led by David Cok and Jim Minno. In about 1996, software development moved to <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The initial developers of the system received a Scientific and Engineering Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in February 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system as commercially used contained the contributions of many additional scientists and engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kennel helped launch Kodak's <a href="/wiki/Cinesite" title="Cinesite">Cinesite</a> Digital Film Center in September 1992, which became the premier test site for Cineon. In 1993 Cinesite used Cineon in the digital restoration of Disney's <i><a href="/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarfs_(1937_film)" title="Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)">Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs</a></i>, which became the first film to be entirely scanned to digital files, manipulated, and <a href="/wiki/Film-out" title="Film-out">recorded back to film</a>. The restoration project was done entirely at 4K resolution and 10-bit color depth using the Cineon software to digitally remove dirt and scratches. After the end of Cineon, Glenn Kennel worked with <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> to extend the <a href="/wiki/Spirit_DataCine" title="Spirit DataCine">Spirit DataCine</a> to Cineon-compatible digital file output, first applying it to the 1998 movie <a href="/wiki/Pleasantville_(film)" title="Pleasantville (film)">Pleasantville</a>. Pleasantville was the first digital intermediate film scanned on a Spirit DataCine. This process produced the mix of <a href="/wiki/Black_and_white" class="mw-redirect" title="Black and white">B&W</a> and color pictures.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Philips licensed some of the technology from Kodak, mainly the front end (<a href="/wiki/Lens_(optics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lens (optics)">lens, optics</a> and CCDs).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some books mentioning the role of Cineon in digital imaging history are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Prince" title="Stephen Prince">Stephen Prince</a>, Digital Visual Effects in Cinema: The Seduction of Reality. p 73 notes the place of Cineon in file restoration history.</li> <li>Mark Sawicki, Filming the Fantastic: A Guide to Visual Effects Cinematography. p. 113ff.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cineon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_grading" title="Color grading">Color grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_suite" title="Color suite">Color suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">Digital cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital film">Digital film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_to_Disk_Recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct to Disk Recording">Direct to Disk Recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">Film industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">Film stock</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cineon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digital-intermediate.co.uk/film/pdf/Cineon.pdf">digital-intermediate.co.uk, Understanding Cineon, by Richard Patterson, First Draft 10/2/01</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brucegoren.com/WritingSamples/CINESITE.htm">Brucegoren.com/, Kodak Brings Digital Art to Film, by Bruce N. Goren</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinematography.com/index.php?showtopic=4951">cinematography.com, Five Scientists Earn Kudos for Developing Kodak Hybrid Technology, by Tim Tyler, February 2005</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US7088388">Google Patents, Method and apparatus for calibrating a sensor for highlights and for processing highlights, US 7088388 B2, Eastman Kodak Company</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Kodak+unveils+new+array+of+Cineon+film+and+video+production+products.-a018190047">thefreelibrary.com, Kodak unveils new array of Cineon film and video production products, April 15, 1996</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kodak.com/US/en/motion/About/Chronology_Of_Film/1980-2000/default.htm">kodak.com, Timeline</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130529225913/http://www.cineon.com/ff_draft.php">"cineon.com, Cineon Image File Format Draft (not a Kodak Company.)"</a>. 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Murray; William vanRyper (April 1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mac_Graphics_File_Formats_Second_Edition_1996">"Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats"</a></span> (Second ed.). <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56592-161-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56592-161-5"><bdi>1-56592-161-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Swartz</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A brief history of scanning and recording by C Glenn Kennel, director of technology for Cinesite’s Film Scanning and Recording and Digital Mastering divisions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/10245/1/Silva-dissertation.pdf">Digital Alchemy: Matter And Metamorphosis In Contemporary Digital Animation And Interface Design, by Michelle Ramona Silva BA, Bridgewater State College, 1992 MA, University of Massachusetts, 1996 </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170303124106/http://reframe.sussex.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/POST-CINEMA_Theorizing-21st-Century-Film-PDF-9mb-Shane-Denson-Julia-Leyda-eds.pdf">"University of Sussex"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reframe.sussex.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/POST-CINEMA_Theorizing-21st-Century-Film-PDF-9mb-Shane-Denson-Julia-Leyda-eds.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Sussex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freframe.sussex.ac.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F09%2FPOST-CINEMA_Theorizing-21st-Century-Film-PDF-9mb-Shane-Denson-Julia-Leyda-eds.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACineon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cinema Papers No.120 October 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Color and Mastering for Digital Cinema, by Glenn Kennel</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastman_Kodak" title="Template:Eastman Kodak"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastman_Kodak" title="Template talk:Eastman Kodak"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastman_Kodak" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastman Kodak"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastman_Kodak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Eastman Kodak</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinon_Industries" title="Chinon Industries">Chinon Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creo_(company)" title="Creo (company)">Creo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Express" title="Kodak Express">Kodak Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualex" title="Qualex">Qualex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESL_Federal_Credit_Union" title="ESL Federal Credit Union">ESL Federal Credit Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cameras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DC_Series" title="Kodak DC Series">DC series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DC215" title="Kodak DC215">DC215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DC3200" title="Kodak DC3200">DC3200</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS" title="Kodak DCS">DCS</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nikon_F_mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikon F mount">NF</a>/<a href="/wiki/Canon_EF_mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon EF mount">EF</a> <a href="/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Digital single-lens reflex camera">DSLR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_100" title="Kodak DCS 100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_300_series" title="Kodak DCS 300 series">300 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_400_series" title="Kodak DCS 400 series">400 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_D2000" title="Canon EOS D2000">D2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_D6000" title="Canon EOS D6000">D6000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_DCS_1" title="Canon EOS DCS 1">DCS 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_DCS_3" title="Canon EOS DCS 3">DCS 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_Pro_14n" title="Kodak DCS Pro 14n">Pro 14n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_Pro_SLR/c" title="Kodak DCS Pro SLR/c">Pro SLR/c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_Pro_SLR/n" title="Kodak DCS Pro SLR/n">Pro SLR/n</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare" title="Kodak EasyShare">EasyShare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Easyshare_C1013" title="Kodak Easyshare C1013">C1013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_C300" title="Kodak EasyShare C300">C300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_C330" title="Kodak EasyShare C330">C330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_C340" title="Kodak EasyShare C340">C340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_C613" title="Kodak EasyShare C613">C613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Easyshare_C813" title="Kodak Easyshare C813">C813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_CX4200" title="Kodak EasyShare CX4200">CX4200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_CX4230" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodak EasyShare CX4230">CX4230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_DX4530" title="Kodak EasyShare DX4530">DX4530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_DX6440" title="Kodak EasyShare DX6440">DX6440</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_DX6490" title="Kodak EasyShare DX6490">DX6490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DX7590_Zoom_Digital_Camera" title="Kodak DX7590 Zoom Digital Camera">DX7590</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_P880" title="Kodak EasyShare P880">P880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_V570" title="Kodak EasyShare V570">V570</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Pixpro" title="Kodak Pixpro">Pixpro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Z612_Zoom_Digital_Camera" title="Kodak Z612 Zoom Digital Camera">Z612 Zoom Digital Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Z712_IS_ZOOM_digital_camera" title="Kodak Z712 IS ZOOM digital camera">Z712 IS ZOOM digital camera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9-Kodak" title="Ciné-Kodak">Ciné-Kodak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Cine_Special_16mm_Cameras" title="Kodak Cine Special 16mm Cameras">Cine Special 16mm Cameras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rangefinder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Retina" title="Kodak Retina">Retina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Retinette" title="Kodak Retinette">Retinette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_35" title="Kodak 35">Kodak 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_35_Rangefinder" title="Kodak 35 Rangefinder">Kodak 35 RF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Signet" title="Kodak Signet">Signet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Ektra" title="Kodak Ektra">Ektra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reflex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Retina_Reflex" title="Kodak Retina Reflex">Retina Reflex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brownie_(camera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownie (camera)">Brownie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instamatic" title="Instamatic">Instamatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Pony" title="Kodak Pony">Pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Starflash" title="Kodak Starflash">Starflash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Stereo_Camera" title="Kodak Stereo Camera">Stereo Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vest_Pocket_Kodak" title="Vest Pocket Kodak">Vest Pocket Kodak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Vigilant_camera" title="Kodak Vigilant camera">Vigilant camera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Camera film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/120_film" title="120 film">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/127_film" title="127 film">127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/616_film" title="616 film">616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/828_film" title="828 film">828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Photo_System" title="Advanced Photo System">APS (IX240)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_film" title="Disc film">Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_8_film" title="Super 8 film">Super 8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reversal_film" title="Reversal film">Color reversal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ektachrome" title="Ektachrome">Ektachrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodachrome" title="Kodachrome">Kodachrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color print</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastmancolor" title="Eastmancolor">Eastmancolor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ektar" title="Ektar">Ektar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodacolor_(filmmaking)" title="Kodacolor (filmmaking)">Kodacolor (filmmaking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodacolor_(still_photography)" title="Kodacolor (still photography)">Kodacolor (still photography)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Portra" title="Kodak Portra">Portra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B&W</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_High-Speed_Infrared" title="Kodak High-Speed Infrared">High-Speed Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_T-MAX" title="Kodak T-MAX">T-MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Tri-X" title="Kodak Tri-X">Tri-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Pan" title="Technical Pan">Technical Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Approval_proofer" title="Approval proofer">Approval proofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autographic_film" title="Autographic film">Autographic film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carousel_slide_projector" title="Carousel slide projector">Carousel slide projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Digital_Sound" title="Cinema Digital Sound">Cinema Digital Sound</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cineon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorama_(Kodak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorama (Kodak)">Colorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Ektaprint_Electronic_Publishing_System" title="Kodak Ektaprint Electronic Publishing System">Ektaprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Ektra_(phone)" title="Kodak Ektra (phone)">Ektra (phone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Gallery" title="Kodak Gallery">Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAF-10500" class="mw-redirect" title="KAF-10500">KAF-10500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keykode" title="Keykode">Keykode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodacolor_Technology" title="Kodacolor Technology">Kodacolor Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodascope" title="Kodascope">Kodascope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPR" title="KPR">KPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_Zine" title="Motorola Zine">Motorola Zine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picture_CD" title="Picture CD">Picture CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Proofing_Software" title="Kodak Proofing Software">Proofing Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_S-mount" title="Kodak S-mount">S-mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starmatic" title="Starmatic">Starmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Ultima" title="Kodak Ultima">Ultima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versamat" title="Versamat">Versamat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Changing_Focus" title="Changing Focus">Changing Focus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brownies" title="The Brownies">The Brownies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical <br />standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DX_encoding" title="DX encoding">DX encoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Thirds_system" title="Four Thirds system">Four Thirds system</a> (<a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds_system" title="Micro Four Thirds system">Micro Four Thirds</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wratten_number" title="Wratten number">Wratten number</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colby_Chandler_(CEO)" title="Colby Chandler (CEO)">Colby Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eastman" title="George Eastman">George Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Godowsky_Jr." title="Leopold Godowsky Jr.">Leopold Godowsky Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Hargrave" title="Thomas J. Hargrave">Thomas J. Hargrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mannes" title="Leopold Mannes">Leopold Mannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Mees" title="Kenneth Mees">Kenneth Mees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Sasson" title="Steven Sasson">Steven Sasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Strong" title="Henry A. Strong">Henry A. Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Vaughn" title="William S. Vaughn">William S. Vaughn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Business_Park" title="Eastman Business Park">Eastman Business Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Heights" title="Kodak Heights">Kodak Heights</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kodak_Building_9" title="Kodak Building 9">Building 9</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Park_Railroad" title="Kodak Park Railroad">Kodak Park Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Photo_Spot" title="Kodak Photo Spot">Kodak Photo Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Picture_Kiosk" title="Kodak Picture Kiosk">Kodak Picture Kiosk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak,_Tennessee" title="Kodak, Tennessee">Kodak, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Tower" title="Kodak Tower">Kodak Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Court cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak_Co_v._Harold_Worden" title="Eastman Kodak Co v. Harold Worden">Kodak v. Worden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak_Co._v._Image_Technical_Services,_Inc." title="Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Services, Inc.">Kodak v. Image Technical Services</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vroegh_v._Eastman_Kodak_Co." title="Vroegh v. Eastman Kodak Co.">Vroegh v. Kodak</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-22_process" title="C-22 process">C-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-41_process" title="C-41 process">C-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-6_process" title="E-6 process">E-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RA-4_process" title="RA-4 process">RA-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-14_process" title="K-14 process">K-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Color_Negative" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Color Negative">Eastman Color Negative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Color_Positive" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Color Positive">Eastman Color Positive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Kodak_Workers" title="Union of Kodak Workers">Union of Kodak Workers</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Press_the_Button,_We_Do_the_Rest" title="You Press the Button, We Do the Rest">You Press the Button, We Do the Rest</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kodak_sponsorships" title="Category:Kodak sponsorships">Sponsorships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Graphics_file_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Graphics_file_formats" title="Template:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Graphics_file_formats" title="Template talk:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics_file_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Graphics_file_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format" title="Image file format">Graphics file formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">Raster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANI_(file_format)" title="ANI (file format)"> ANI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANIM" title="ANIM">ANIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ART_image_file_format" title="ART image file format"> ART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format"> BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics"> BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSAVE" title="BSAVE"> BSAVE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALS_Raster_file_format" title="CALS Raster file format"> CAL</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> CIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_Perceptual_Compression" title="Cartesian Perceptual Compression"> CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPT_(file_format)" title="CPT (file format)"> CPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectDraw_Surface" title="DirectDraw Surface"> DDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Picture_Exchange" title="Digital Picture Exchange"> DPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECW_(file_format)" title="ECW (file format)"> ECW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR"> EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FITS" title="FITS">FITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLIC_(file_format)" title="FLIC (file format)"> FLIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format"> FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashPix" title="FlashPix"> FPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDRi_(data_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="HDRi (data format)"> HDRi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding"> HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format"> ICNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)"> ICO / CUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Cytometry_Standard" title="Image Cytometry Standard"> ICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILBM" title="ILBM">ILBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_Network_Graphics" title="JPEG Network Graphics"> JNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_JPEG#JPEG-LS" title="Lossless JPEG"> JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-HDR" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-HDR">JPEG-HDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krita" title="Krita"> KRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics"> MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magick_Image_File_Format" title="Magick Image File Format"> MIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearly_raw_raster_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearly raw raster data"> NRRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRaster" title="OpenRaster"> ORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm#PAM_graphics_format" title="Netpbm"> PAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm" title="Netpbm"> PBM / PGM / PPM / PNM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCX" title="PCX">PCX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File"> PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICtor_PIC_image_format" title="PICtor PIC image format"> PICtor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop#PSD" title="Adobe Photoshop"> PSD / PSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro"> PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)"> QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR"> QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Raster" title="Sun Raster"> RAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGBE_image_format" title="RGBE image format"> RGBE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logluv_TIFF" title="Logluv TIFF">Logluv TIFF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image"> SGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truevision_TGA" title="Truevision TGA"> TGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format"> TIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format#TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format"> TIFF/IT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulead_PhotoImpact" title="Ulead PhotoImpact"> UFO / UFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format"> WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_BitMap" title="X BitMap"> XBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCF_(file_format)" title="XCF (file format)"> XCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_PixMap" title="X PixMap"> XPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xwd" title="Xwd"> XWD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">Raw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format" title="Camera Image File Format"> CIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative"> DNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork"> AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW#CDR_file_format" title="CorelDRAW"> CDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile"> CGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF"> DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Metafile" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Metafile"> EMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMF%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF+">EMF+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerber_format" title="Gerber format"> Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku_Vector_Icon_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiku Vector Icon Format"> HVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGES" title="IGES">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language"> PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics"> SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language"> VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile"> WMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_(graphics)" title="Xar (graphics)"> Xar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format#Compound_formats" title="Image file format">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computable_Document_Format" title="Computable Document Format"> CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript"> EPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODCA" title="MODCA">MODCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript"> PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language"> XAML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exchangeable image file format (Exif)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Press_Telecommunications_Council#Photo_metadata" title="International Press Telecommunications Council">International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF#Metadata" title="GIF">GIF § Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Graphics_file_formats" title="Category:Graphics file formats">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_na_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-article page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/16px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/23px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/31px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_graphics_file_formats" title="Comparison of graphics file formats">Comparison</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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