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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Re-emergence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Re-emergence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Re-emergence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Re-emergence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_bankruptcy_and_acquisition_by_Rackable_Systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_bankruptcy_and_acquisition_by_Rackable_Systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Final bankruptcy and acquisition by Rackable Systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_bankruptcy_and_acquisition_by_Rackable_Systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graphics_Properties_Holdings,_Inc._era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graphics_Properties_Holdings,_Inc._era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Graphics Properties Holdings, Inc. era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graphics_Properties_Holdings,_Inc._era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Motorola_680x0-based_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorola_680x0-based_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Motorola 680x0-based systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorola_680x0-based_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IRIS_1000_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IRIS_1000_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>IRIS 1000 series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IRIS_1000_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IRIS_2000_and_3000_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IRIS_2000_and_3000_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>IRIS 2000 and 3000 series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IRIS_2000_and_3000_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RISC_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RISC_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>RISC era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RISC_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IRIS_GL_and_OpenGL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IRIS_GL_and_OpenGL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>IRIS GL and OpenGL</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IRIS_GL_and_OpenGL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ACE_Consortium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ACE_Consortium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>ACE Consortium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ACE_Consortium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Entertainment industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Free software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_of_Alias,_Wavefront,_Cray_and_Intergraph" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_of_Alias,_Wavefront,_Cray_and_Intergraph"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Acquisition of Alias, Wavefront, Cray and Intergraph</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_of_Alias,_Wavefront,_Cray_and_Intergraph-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SGI_Visual_Workstations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SGI_Visual_Workstations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>SGI Visual Workstations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SGI_Visual_Workstations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switch_to_Itanium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switch_to_Itanium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Switch to Itanium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switch_to_Itanium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switch_to_Xeon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switch_to_Xeon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Switch to Xeon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switch_to_Xeon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_base_and_core_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_base_and_core_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>User base and core market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_base_and_core_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-end_server_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-end_server_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>High-end server market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-end_server_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hardware products</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hardware_products-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hardware products subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hardware_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Motorola_68k-based_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorola_68k-based_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Motorola 68k-based systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorola_68k-based_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MIPS-based_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MIPS-based_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>MIPS-based systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MIPS-based_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Workstations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Workstations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Workstations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Workstations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Servers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Servers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Servers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Servers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visualization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visualization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Visualization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visualization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intel_IA-32-based_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intel_IA-32-based_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Intel IA-32-based systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intel_IA-32-based_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Workstations_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Workstations_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Workstations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Workstations_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Servers_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Servers_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Servers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Servers_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Itanium-based_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Itanium-based_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Itanium-based systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Itanium-based_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intel/AMD_x86-64_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intel/AMD_x86-64_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Intel/AMD x86-64 systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intel/AMD_x86-64_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FPGA-based_accelerators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FPGA-based_accelerators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>FPGA-based accelerators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FPGA-based_accelerators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storage_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Storage systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storage_solutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage_solutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Storage solutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage_solutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Displays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Displays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Displays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Displays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accelerator_cards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accelerator_cards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Accelerator cards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accelerator_cards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SGI_timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SGI_timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>SGI timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SGI_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Silicon Graphics</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3" title="سيليكون غرافيكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيليكون غرافيكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="سیلیکون گرافیکس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیلیکون گرافیکس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EB%A6%AC%EC%BD%98_%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%94%BD%EC%8A%A4" title="실리콘 그래픽스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="실리콘 그래픽스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="סיליקון גרפיקס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיליקון גרפיקס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="シリコングラフィックス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シリコングラフィックス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGI" title="SGI – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SGI" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Silicon Graphics" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%85%E8%B0%B7%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="硅谷图形公司 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="硅谷图形公司" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q623459#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Silicon_Graphics" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Silicon_Graphics" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&oldid=1251439062" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Silicon_Graphics&id=1251439062&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSilicon_Graphics"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSilicon_Graphics"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1981–2009 American computing company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Silicon Graphics, Inc. For the company that acquired its assets, see <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_International" title="Silicon Graphics International">Silicon Graphics International</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Silicon Graphics, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SGI_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/SGI_wordmark.svg/160px-SGI_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/SGI_wordmark.svg/240px-SGI_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/SGI_wordmark.svg/320px-SGI_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Public</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: SGI<br /><a href="/wiki/OTC_Markets_Group" title="OTC Markets Group">OTC Pink</a>: SGID.pk<br /><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: SGIC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">Computer hardware</a> and <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">November 9, 1981<span class="noprint">; 43 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1981-11-09</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_California" title="Mountain View, California">Mountain View</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-casos_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-casos-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">May 11, 2009<span class="noprint">; 15 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">2009-05-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code" title="Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code">Chapter 11 bankruptcy</a>; assets acquired by <a href="/wiki/Rackable_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Rackable Systems">Rackable Systems</a>, which renamed itself <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_International" title="Silicon Graphics International">Silicon Graphics International Corp.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/Sunnyvale,_California" title="Sunnyvale, California">Sunnyvale</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/James_H._Clark" title="James H. Clark">Jim Clark</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wei_Yen" title="Wei Yen">Wei Yen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Akeley" title="Kurt Akeley">Kurt Akeley</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._McCracken" title="Edward R. McCracken">Ed McCracken</a><br />Thomas Jermoluk<br /><a href="/wiki/Marc_Hannah" title="Marc Hannah">Marc Hannah</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Belluzzo" title="Richard Belluzzo">Rick Belluzzo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/High-performance_computing" title="High-performance computing">High-performance computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Visualization (graphic)">visualization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer storage">storage</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Silicon Graphics, Inc.</b> (stylized as <b>SiliconGraphics</b> before 1999, later rebranded <b>SGI</b>, historically known as <b>Silicon Graphics Computer Systems</b> or <b>SGCS</b>) was an American <a href="/wiki/High-performance_computing" title="High-performance computing">high-performance computing</a> manufacturer, producing <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">computer hardware</a> and <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a>. Founded in <a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_California" title="Mountain View, California">Mountain View, California</a>, in November 1981 by <a href="/wiki/James_H._Clark" title="James H. Clark">James Clark</a>, its initial market was <a href="/wiki/3D_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="3D graphics">3D graphics</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_workstation" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer workstation">computer workstations</a>, but its products, strategies and market positions developed significantly over time. </p><p>Early systems were based on the <a href="/wiki/RealityEngine" title="RealityEngine">Geometry Engine</a> that Clark and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Hannah" title="Marc Hannah">Marc Hannah</a> had developed at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, and were derived from Clark's broader background in <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a>. The Geometry Engine was the first <a href="/wiki/Very-large-scale_integration" title="Very-large-scale integration">very-large-scale integration</a> (VLSI) implementation of a <a href="/wiki/Geometry_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Geometry pipeline">geometry pipeline</a>, specialized hardware that accelerated the "inner-loop" geometric computations needed to display three-dimensional images. For much of its history, the company focused on 3D imaging and was a major supplier of both hardware and software in this market. </p><p>Silicon Graphics reincorporated as a <a href="/wiki/Delaware_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Delaware corporation">Delaware corporation</a> in January 1990. Through the mid to late-1990s, the rapidly improving performance of commodity <a href="/wiki/Wintel" title="Wintel">Wintel</a> machines began to erode SGI's stronghold in the 3D market. The porting of <a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Maya" title="Autodesk Maya">Maya</a> to other platforms was a major event in this process. SGI made several attempts to address this, including a disastrous move from their existing <a href="/wiki/MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a> platforms to the <a href="/wiki/Intel_Itanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Itanium">Intel Itanium</a>, as well as introducing their own <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Intel_IA-32" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel IA-32">Intel IA-32</a> based workstations and servers that failed in the market. In the mid-2000s the company repositioned itself as a <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputer</a> vendor, a move that also failed. </p><p>On April 1, 2009, SGI filed for <a href="/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code" title="Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code">Chapter 11</a> bankruptcy protection and announced that it would sell substantially all of its assets to Rackable Systems, a deal finalized on May 11, 2009, with Rackable assuming the name <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_International" title="Silicon Graphics International">Silicon Graphics International</a>. The remnants of Silicon Graphics, Inc. became Graphics Properties Holdings, Inc. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silicon_Graphics_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/Silicon_Graphics_logo.png/220px-Silicon_Graphics_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/Silicon_Graphics_logo.png/330px-Silicon_Graphics_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/Silicon_Graphics_logo.png/440px-Silicon_Graphics_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="178" /></a><figcaption>Silicon Graphics logo with distinctive 3D box "bug", used until 1999</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/James_H._Clark" title="James H. Clark">James H. Clark</a> left his position as an electrical engineering associate professor at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> to found SGI in 1982 along with a group of seven graduate students and research staff from Stanford University: <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Akeley" title="Kurt Akeley">Kurt Akeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_J._Brown_(computer_scientist)" title="David J. Brown (computer scientist)">David J. Brown</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Davis_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Davis (scientist) (page does not exist)">Tom Davis</a>, Rocky Rhodes, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Hannah" title="Marc Hannah">Marc Hannah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herb_Kuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Herb Kuta">Herb Kuta</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Grossman_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Grossman (engineer) (page does not exist)">Mark Grossman</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Silverstone" title="Abbey Silverstone">Abbey Silverstone</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a few others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth">Growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ed McCracken was <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a> of Silicon Graphics from 1984 to 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-einstein1029_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-einstein1029-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During those years, SGI grew from annual revenues of $5.4 million to $3.7 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-einstein1029_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-einstein1029-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The addition of 3D graphic capabilities to <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PCs</a>, and the ability of clusters of <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a>-based PCs to take on many of the tasks of larger SGI servers, ate into SGI's core markets. The porting of <a href="/wiki/Maya_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya (software)">Maya</a> to <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, Mac OS and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> further eroded the low end of SGI's product line. </p><p>In response to challenges faced in the marketplace and a falling share price <a href="/wiki/Ed_McCracken" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed McCracken">Ed McCracken</a> was fired and SGI brought in <a href="/wiki/Richard_Belluzzo" title="Richard Belluzzo">Richard Belluzzo</a> to replace him. Under Belluzzo's leadership a number of initiatives were taken which are considered to have accelerated the corporate decline.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One such initiative was trying to sell workstations running <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> called <a href="/wiki/SGI_Visual_Workstation" title="SGI Visual Workstation">Visual Workstations</a> in addition to workstations running <a href="/wiki/IRIX" title="IRIX">IRIX</a>, the company's version of <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a>. This put the company in even more direct competition with the likes of Dell, making it more difficult to justify a price premium. The product line was unsuccessful and abandoned a few years later. </p><p>SGI's premature announcement of its migration from MIPS to Itanium and its abortive ventures into IA-32 architecture systems (the <a href="/wiki/SGI_Visual_Workstation" title="SGI Visual Workstation">Visual Workstation</a> line, the ex-Intergraph Zx10 range and the SGI 1000-series Linux servers) damaged SGI's credibility in the market. </p><p>In 1999, in an attempt to clarify their current market position as more than a graphics company, Silicon Graphics Inc. changed its corporate identity to "SGI", although its legal name was unchanged. </p><p>At the same time, SGI announced a new logo consisting of only the letters "sgi" in a proprietary font called "SGI", created by branding and design consulting firm <a href="/wiki/Landor_Associates" title="Landor Associates">Landor Associates</a>, in collaboration with designer Joe Stitzlein. SGI continued to use the "Silicon Graphics" name for its workstation product line, and later re-adopted the cube logo for some workstation models. </p><p>In November 2005, SGI announced that it had been delisted from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> because its common stock had fallen below the minimum share price for listing on the exchange. SGI's <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> dwindled from a peak of over seven <a href="/wiki/1000000000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="1000000000 (number)">billion</a> dollars in 1995 to just $120 million at the time of delisting. In February 2006, SGI noted that it could run out of cash by the end of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Re-emergence">Re-emergence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Re-emergence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Googleplexsouthsidesecondangle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Googleplexsouthsidesecondangle.jpg/220px-Googleplexsouthsidesecondangle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Googleplexsouthsidesecondangle.jpg/330px-Googleplexsouthsidesecondangle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Googleplexsouthsidesecondangle.jpg/440px-Googleplexsouthsidesecondangle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>SGI headquarters on Amphitheatre Parkway, after it became the <a href="/wiki/Googleplex" title="Googleplex">Googleplex</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2006</span></figcaption></figure> <p>In mid-2005, SGI hired Alix Partners to advise it on returning to profitability and received a new line of credit. SGI announced it was postponing its scheduled annual December stockholders meeting until March 2006. It proposed a <a href="/wiki/Reverse_stock_split" title="Reverse stock split">reverse stock split</a> to deal with the de-listing from the New York Stock Exchange. </p><p>In January 2006, SGI hired Dennis McKenna as its new CEO and chairman of the board of directors. Mr. McKenna succeeded <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Bishop_(manager)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Bishop (manager) (page does not exist)">Robert Bishop</a>, who remained vice chairman of the board of directors. </p><p>On May 8, 2006, SGI announced that it had filed for <a href="/wiki/Chapter_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapter 11">Chapter 11</a> bankruptcy protection for itself and U.S. subsidiaries as part of a plan to reduce debt by $250 million.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two days later, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court approved its first day <a href="/wiki/Motion_(legal)" title="Motion (legal)">motions</a> and its use of a $70 million financing facility provided by a group of its bondholders. Foreign subsidiaries were unaffected. </p><p>On September 6, 2006, SGI announced the end of development for the MIPS/IRIX line and the IRIX operating system.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production would end on December 29 and the last orders would be fulfilled by March 2007. Support for these products would end after December 2013. </p><p>SGI emerged from bankruptcy protection on October 17, 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its stock symbol at that point, <i>SGID</i>, was canceled, and new stock was issued on the NASDAQ exchange under the symbol <i>SGIC</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new stock was distributed to the company's creditors, and the SGID common stockholders were left with worthless shares.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of that year, the company moved its headquarters from <a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_California" title="Mountain View, California">Mountain View</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sunnyvale,_California" title="Sunnyvale, California">Sunnyvale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its earlier North Shoreline headquarters is now occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a>; the newer Amphitheatre Parkway headquarters was sold to <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> (which had already subleased and moved into the facility in 2003). Both of these locations were award-winning designs by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Studios_Architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studios Architecture (page does not exist)">Studios Architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2008, SGI re-entered the visualization market with the <a href="/wiki/SGI_Virtu" title="SGI Virtu">SGI Virtu</a> range of visualization servers and workstations, which were re-badged systems from <a href="/w/index.php?title=BOXX_Technologies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BOXX Technologies (page does not exist)">BOXX Technologies</a> based on Intel <a href="/wiki/Xeon" title="Xeon">Xeon</a> or <a href="/wiki/AMD_Opteron" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Opteron">AMD Opteron</a> processors and <a href="/wiki/Nvidia_Quadro" class="mw-redirect" title="Nvidia Quadro">Nvidia Quadro</a> graphics chipsets, running <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux_Enterprise_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux Enterprise Server">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</a> or <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003#Windows_Compute_Cluster_Server" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Compute Cluster Server</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_bankruptcy_and_acquisition_by_Rackable_Systems">Final bankruptcy and acquisition by Rackable Systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Final bankruptcy and acquisition by Rackable Systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2008, SGI received a delisting notification from <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a>, as its market value had been below the minimum $35 million requirement for 10 consecutive trading days, and also did not meet NASDAQ's alternative requirements of a minimum stockholders' equity of $2.5 million or annual net income from continuing operations of $500,000 or more.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 1, 2009, SGI filed for Chapter 11 again, and announced that it would sell substantially all of its assets to <a href="/wiki/Rackable_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Rackable Systems">Rackable Systems</a> for $25 million.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sale, ultimately for $42.5 million, was finalized on May 11, 2009; at the same time, Rackable announced their adoption of "Silicon Graphics International" as their global name and brand.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bankruptcy Court scheduled continuing proceedings and hearings for June 3 and 24, 2009, and July 22, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Donlin_Recano-Docket-2009-05-11_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donlin_Recano-Docket-2009-05-11-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The text near this tag is dated. (July 2009)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the Rackable acquisition, <i>Vizworld</i> magazine published <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vizworld.com/tag/sgi-bts//">a series of six articles that chronicle the downfall of SGI.</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a> acquired Silicon Graphics International in November 2016, which allowed HPE to place the SGI <a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(supercomputer)" title="Pleiades (supercomputer)">Pleiades</a>, a <a href="/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500">TOP500</a> supercomputer at NASA Ames Research Center, in its portfolio.<sup id="cite_ref-HPE-SGI_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HPE-SGI-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HPE-SGI-done_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HPE-SGI-done-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TOP500_2019_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOP500_2019-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graphics_Properties_Holdings,_Inc._era"><span id="Graphics_Properties_Holdings.2C_Inc._era"></span>Graphics Properties Holdings, Inc. era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Graphics Properties Holdings, Inc. era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During Silicon Graphics Inc.'s second bankruptcy phase, it was renamed to Graphics Properties Holdings, Inc.(GPHI) in June 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, GPHI announced it had won a significant favorable ruling in its litigation with ATI Technologies and AMD in June 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the patent lawsuit originally filed during the Silicon Graphics, Inc. era.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the 2008 appeal by ATI over the validity of <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6650327">U.S. patent 6,650,327</a></span> ('327) and Silicon Graphics Inc's voluntary dismissal of the <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6885376">U.S. patent 6,885,376</a></span> ('376) patent from the lawsuit,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Federal Circuit upheld the jury verdict on the validity of GPHI's U.S. Patent No. 6,650,327, and furthermore found that AMD had lost its right to challenge patent validity in future proceedings.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 31, 2011, the District Court entered an order that permits AMD to pursue its invalidity affirmative defense at trial and does not permit SGI to accuse AMD's Radeon R700 series of graphics products of infringement in this case.<sup id="cite_ref-ADVANCED-MICRO-DEVICES-INC-Feb-2011-10-K_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADVANCED-MICRO-DEVICES-INC-Feb-2011-10-K-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 18, 2011, GPHI and AMD had entered into a confidential Settlement and License Agreement that resolved this litigation matter for an immaterial amount and that provides immunity under all GPHI patents for alleged infringement by AMD products, including components, software and designs. On April 26, 2011, the Court entered an order granting the parties' agreed motion for dismissal and final judgment.<sup id="cite_ref-ADVANCED-MICRO-DEVICES-INC-Aug-2011-10-Q_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADVANCED-MICRO-DEVICES-INC-Aug-2011-10-Q-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2011, GPHI filed another patent infringement lawsuit against Apple Inc. in Delaware involving more patents than their original patent infringement case against Apple last November, for alleged violation of U.S. patents 6,650,327 ('327), <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6816145">U.S. patent 6,816,145</a></span> ('145) and <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US5717881">U.S. patent 5,717,881</a></span> ('881).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, GPHI filed lawsuit against Apple, Sony, HTC Corp, LG Electronics Inc. and Samsung Electronics Co., Research in Motion Ltd. for allegedly violating patent relating to a computer graphics process that turns text and images into pixels to be displayed on screens. Affected devices include Apple iPhone, HTC EVO4G, LG Thrill, Research in Motion Torch, Samsung Galaxy S and Galaxy S II, and Sony Xperia Play smartphones.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6650327">U.S. patent 6,650,327</a></span> - 1998 Display system having floating point rasterization and floating point ..</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6885376">U.S. patent 6,885,376</a></span> - 2002 System, method, and computer program product for near-real time load ..</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6816145">U.S. patent 6,816,145</a></span> - 1998 Large area wide aspect ratio flat panel monitor having high resolution for ..</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US5717881">U.S. patent 5,717,881</a></span> - 1995 Data processing system for processing one and two parcel instructions</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorola_680x0-based_systems">Motorola 680x0-based systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Motorola 680x0-based systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SGI's first generation products, starting with the <a href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS" title="SGI IRIS">IRIS</a> (Integrated Raster Imaging System) 1000 series of high-performance graphics terminals, were based on the <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">Motorola 68000</a> family of <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iris_terminal_guide_v1.3_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iris_terminal_guide_v1.3-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-irix_info_page_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irix_info_page-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The later IRIS 2000 and 3000 models developed into full <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a> <a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">workstations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sgi/iptable_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgi/iptable-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IRIS_1000_series">IRIS 1000 series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: IRIS 1000 series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first entries in the 1000 series (models 1000 and 1200, introduced in 1984) were graphics terminals, peripherals to be connected to a general-purpose computer such as a <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a> <a href="/wiki/VAX" title="VAX">VAX</a>, to provide graphical <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster display</a> abilities. They used 8 MHz Motorola 68000 CPUs with <span class="nowrap">768 kB</span> of RAM and had no <a href="/wiki/Disk_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk drive">disk drives</a>. They booted over the network<sup id="cite_ref-iris_terminal_guide_v1.3_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iris_terminal_guide_v1.3-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (via an <a href="/wiki/Excelan" title="Excelan">Excelan</a> EXOS/101 Ethernet card) from their controlling computer. They used the "PM1" CPU board, which was a variant of the board that was used in <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/SUN_workstation" title="SUN workstation">SUN workstation</a> and later in the <a href="/wiki/Sun-1" title="Sun-1">Sun-1</a> workstation from <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>. The graphics system was composed of the GF1 <a href="/wiki/Frame_buffer" class="mw-redirect" title="Frame buffer">frame buffer</a>, the UC3 "Update Controller", DC3 "Display Controller", and the BP2 bitplane. The 1000-series machines were designed around the <a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">Multibus</a> standard. </p><p>Later 1000-series machines, the 1400 and 1500, ran at 10 MHz and had 1.5 MB of RAM. The 1400 had a 72 MB <a href="/wiki/ST-506" class="mw-redirect" title="ST-506">ST-506</a> disk drive, while the 1500 had a 474 MB SMD-based disk drive with a <a href="/wiki/Xylogics" title="Xylogics">Xylogics</a> 450 disk controller. They may have used the PM2 CPU and PM2M1 RAM board from the 2000 series.<sup id="cite_ref-irix_info_page_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irix_info_page-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usual monitor for the 1000 series ran at 30 Hz <a href="/wiki/Interlaced" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlaced">interlaced</a>. Six beta-test units of the 1400 workstation were produced, and the first production unit (SGI's first commercial computer) was shipped to Carnegie-Mellon University's Electronic Imaging Laboratory in 1984. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IRIS_2000_and_3000_series">IRIS 2000 and 3000 series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: IRIS 2000 and 3000 series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SGI-geometry-engine-chip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/SGI-geometry-engine-chip.jpg/220px-SGI-geometry-engine-chip.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/SGI-geometry-engine-chip.jpg/330px-SGI-geometry-engine-chip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/SGI-geometry-engine-chip.jpg/440px-SGI-geometry-engine-chip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1965" data-file-height="1908" /></a><figcaption>Geometry Engine chip from an IRIS 3120</figcaption></figure> <p>SGI rapidly developed its machines into workstations with its second product line — the IRIS 2000 series, first released in August 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SGI began using the <a href="/wiki/UNIX_System_V" title="UNIX System V">UNIX System V</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>. There were five models in two product ranges, the 2000/2200/2300/2400/2500 range which used <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68010" title="Motorola 68010">68010 CPUs</a> (the PM2 CPU module), and the later "Turbo" systems, the 2300T, 2400T and 2500T, which had <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68020" title="Motorola 68020">68020s</a> (the IP2 CPU module). All used the Excelan EXOS/201 Ethernet card, the same graphics hardware (GF2 Frame Buffer, UC4 Update Controller, DC4 Display Controller, BP3 Bitplane). Their main differences were the CPU, RAM, and <a href="/wiki/Weitek" title="Weitek">Weitek</a> <a href="/wiki/Math_coprocessor" class="mw-redirect" title="Math coprocessor">Floating Point Accelerator</a> boards, disk controllers and disk drives (both <a href="/wiki/ST-506" class="mw-redirect" title="ST-506">ST-506</a> and <a href="/wiki/Storage_Module_Device" title="Storage Module Device">SMD</a> were available). These could be upgraded, for example from a 2400 to a 2400T. The 2500 and 2500T had a larger chassis, a standard 6' 19" EIA rack with space at the bottom for two SMD disk drives weighing approximately <span class="nowrap">68 kg</span> each.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The non-Turbo models used the <a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">Multibus</a> for the CPU to communicate with the floating point accelerator, while the Turbos added a ribbon cable dedicated for this. 60 Hz monitors were used for the 2000 series. </p><p>The height of the machines using Motorola CPUs was reached with the IRIS 3000 series (models 3010/3020/3030 and 3110/3115/3120/3130, the 30s both being full-size rack machines). They used the same graphics subsystem and Ethernet as the 2000s, but could also use up to 12 "geometry engines", the first widespread use of hardware graphics accelerators. The standard monitor was a 19" 60 Hz non-interlaced unit with a tilt/swivel base; 19" 30 Hz interlaced and a 15" 60 Hz non-interlaced (with tilt/swivel base) were also available. </p><p>The IRIS 3130 and its smaller siblings were impressive for the time, being complete <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a> workstations. The 3130 was powerful enough to support a complete 3D animation and rendering package without mainframe support. With large capacity hard drives by standards of the day (two 300 MB drives), streaming tape and Ethernet, it could be the centerpiece of an animation operation. </p><p>The line was formally discontinued in November 1989, with about 3500 systems shipped of all 2000 and 3000 models combined.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RISC_era">RISC era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: RISC era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the introduction of the IRIS 4D series, SGI switched to <a href="/wiki/MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a> microprocessors. These machines were more powerful and came with powerful on-board floating-point capability. As 3D graphics became more popular in television and film during this time, these systems were responsible for establishing much of SGI's reputation. </p><p>SGI produced a broad range of MIPS-based workstations and servers during the 1990s, running SGI's version of UNIX System V, now called <a href="/wiki/IRIX" title="IRIX">IRIX</a>. These included the massive Onyx visualization systems, the size of refrigerators and capable of supporting up to 64 processors while managing up to three streams of high resolution, fully realized 3D graphics. </p><p>In October 1991, MIPS announced the first commercially available <a href="/wiki/64-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="64-bit">64-bit</a> microprocessor, the <a href="/wiki/R4000" title="R4000">R4000</a>. SGI used the R4000 in its <a href="/wiki/SGI_Crimson" title="SGI Crimson">Crimson</a> workstation. IRIX 6.2 was the first fully 64-bit IRIX release, including 64-bit pointers. </p><p>To secure the supply of future generations of MIPS microprocessors (the 64-bit <a href="/wiki/R4000" title="R4000">R4000</a>), SGI acquired the company in 1992<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for $333 million<sup id="cite_ref-CHM_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHM-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and renamed it as MIPS Technologies Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of SGI.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, Silicon Graphics (SGI) signed a deal with <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> to develop the <a href="/wiki/Reality_Coprocessor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reality Coprocessor">Reality Coprocessor</a> (RCP) <a href="/wiki/GPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPU">GPU</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a> (N64) video game console. The deal was signed in early 1993, and it was later made public in August of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The console itself was later released in 1996. The RCP was developed by SGI's Nintendo Operations department, led by engineer <a href="/wiki/Wei_Yen" title="Wei Yen">Dr. Wei Yen</a>. In 1997, twenty SGI employees, led by Yen, left SGI and founded <a href="/wiki/ArtX" title="ArtX">ArtX</a> (later acquired by <a href="/wiki/ATI_Technologies" title="ATI Technologies">ATI Technologies</a> in 2000).<sup id="cite_ref-It's_Alive_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-It's_Alive-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, SGI relinquished some ownership of MIPS Technologies, Inc in a <a href="/wiki/Reverse_IPO" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse IPO">Re-IPO</a>, and fully divested itself in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1990s, when much of the industry expected the <a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a> to replace both <a href="/wiki/Complex_instruction_set_computer" title="Complex instruction set computer">CISC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">RISC</a> architectures in non-embedded computers, SGI announced their intent to phase out MIPS in their systems. Development of new MIPS microprocessors stopped, and the existing <a href="/wiki/R12000" class="mw-redirect" title="R12000">R12000</a> design was extended multiple times until 2003 to provide existing customers more time to migrate to Itanium. </p><p>In August 2006, SGI announced the end of production for MIPS/IRIX systems,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the end of the year MIPS/IRIX products were no longer generally available from SGI. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IRIS_GL_and_OpenGL">IRIS GL and OpenGL</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: IRIS GL and OpenGL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the second generation Onyx <a href="/wiki/RealityEngine" title="RealityEngine">Reality Engine</a> machines, SGI offered access to its high performance 3D graphics subsystems through a proprietary <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">API</a> known as <i>IRIS Graphics Library</i> (<a href="/wiki/IRIS_GL" title="IRIS GL">IRIS GL</a>). As more features were added over the years, IRIS GL became harder to maintain and more cumbersome to use. In 1992, SGI decided to clean up and reform IRIS GL and made the bold move of allowing the resulting <a href="/wiki/OpenGL" title="OpenGL">OpenGL</a> API to be cheaply licensed by SGI's competitors, and set up an industry-wide consortium to maintain the OpenGL standard (the OpenGL Architecture Review Board).<sup id="cite_ref-seddon_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seddon-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kilgard_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kilgard-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sgiopengl_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgiopengl-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g926_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g926-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-openglkhronos_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openglkhronos-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This meant that for the first time, fast, efficient, cross-platform graphics programs could be written.<sup id="cite_ref-seddon_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seddon-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kilgard_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kilgard-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sgiopengl_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgiopengl-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g926_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g926-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-openglkhronos_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openglkhronos-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For over 20 years – until the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan">Vulkan API</a><sup id="cite_ref-vulkan1.0_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vulkan1.0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – OpenGL remained the only real-time 3D graphics standard to be portable across a variety of operating systems.<sup id="cite_ref-seddon_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seddon-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kilgard_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kilgard-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sgiopengl_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgiopengl-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g926_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g926-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-openglkhronos_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openglkhronos-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ACE_Consortium">ACE Consortium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: ACE Consortium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Computing_Environment" title="Advanced Computing Environment">Advanced Computing Environment</a></div> <p>SGI was part of the Advanced Computing Environment initiative, formed in the early 1990s with 20 other companies, including <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIPS_Computer_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="MIPS Computer Systems">MIPS Computer Systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Bull" title="Groupe Bull">Groupe Bull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens AG">Siemens</a>, <a href="/wiki/NEC_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NEC Corporation">NEC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=NeTpower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NeTpower (page does not exist)">NeTpower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Operation" title="Santa Cruz Operation">Santa Cruz Operation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-digitalnews19910429_sgi_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digitalnews19910429_sgi-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-computerworld19910415_lineup_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerworld19910415_lineup-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its intent was to introduce workstations based on the <a href="/wiki/MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS architecture</a> and able to run <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> and <a href="/wiki/SCO_UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="SCO UNIX">SCO UNIX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arc_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arc-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-computerworld19910415_abc_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerworld19910415_abc-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group produced the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_RISC_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced RISC Computing">Advanced RISC Computing</a> (ARC) specification,<sup id="cite_ref-arc_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arc-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but began to unravel little more than a year after its formation.<sup id="cite_ref-computerworld19920504_ace_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerworld19920504_ace-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-computerworld19920127_compaq_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerworld19920127_compaq-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment_industry">Entertainment industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Entertainment industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For eight consecutive years (1995–2002), all films nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> for Distinguished Achievement in Visual Effects were created on Silicon Graphics computer systems.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The technology was also used in commercials for a host of companies. </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/SGI_Crimson" title="SGI Crimson">SGI Crimson</a> system with the fsn<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">three-dimensional</a> file system navigator appeared in the 1993 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Twister_(1996_film)" title="Twister (1996 film)">Twister</a></i>, protagonists can be seen using an SGI laptop computer; however, the unit shown was not an actual working computer, but rather a fake laptop shell built around an SGI Corona LCD flat screen display.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1995 film <i><a href="/wiki/Congo_(film)" title="Congo (film)">Congo</a></i> also features an SGI laptop computer being used by Dr. Ross (<a href="/wiki/Laura_Linney" title="Laura Linney">Laura Linney</a>) to communicate via satellite to TraviCom HQ.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The purple, lowercased "<b>sgi</b>" logo can be seen at the beginning of the opening credits of the <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> series <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley_(TV_series)" title="Silicon Valley (TV series)"><i>Silicon Valley</i></a>, before being taken down and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> logo as the intro graphics progress.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Google leased the former SGI buildings in 2003 for their headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_California" title="Mountain View, California">Mountain View</a>, CA until they purchased the buildings outright in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once inexpensive PCs began to have graphics performance close to the more expensive specialized graphical workstations which were SGI's core business, SGI shifted its focus to high performance servers for <a href="/wiki/Digital_video" title="Digital video">digital video</a> and the Web. Many SGI graphics engineers left to work at other computer graphics companies such as <a href="/wiki/ATI_Technologies" title="ATI Technologies">ATI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a>, contributing to the PC 3D graphics revolution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_software">Free software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Free software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SGI was a promoter of <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> supporting several projects such as <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samba_(software)" title="Samba (software)">Samba</a>, and opening some of its own previously proprietary code such as the <a href="/wiki/XFS" title="XFS">XFS</a> filesystem and the <a href="/wiki/Open64" title="Open64">Open64</a> compiler. </p><p>SGI was also important in its contribution to the C++ <a href="/wiki/Standard_Template_Library" title="Standard Template Library">Standard Template Library</a> (STL) with many useful extensions in the <a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT-like licensed</a> SGI STL implementation. The extension keeps being carried by the direct descendant <a href="/wiki/STLport" class="mw-redirect" title="STLport">STLport</a> and GNU's <a href="/wiki/Libstdc%2B%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="Libstdc++">libstdc++</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisition_of_Alias,_Wavefront,_Cray_and_Intergraph"><span id="Acquisition_of_Alias.2C_Wavefront.2C_Cray_and_Intergraph"></span>Acquisition of Alias, Wavefront, Cray and Intergraph</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Acquisition of Alias, Wavefront, Cray and Intergraph"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1995, SGI purchased Alias Research, <a href="/wiki/Kroyer_Films" title="Kroyer Films">Kroyer Films</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wavefront_Technologies" title="Wavefront Technologies">Wavefront Technologies</a> in a deal totaling approximately $500 million and merged the companies into Alias|Wavefront. In June 2004 SGI sold the business, later renamed to <a href="/wiki/Alias_Systems_Corporation" title="Alias Systems Corporation">Alias/Wavefront</a>, to the private equity investment firm Accel-<a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">KKR</a> for $57.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2005, <a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a> announced that it signed a definitive agreement to acquire Alias for $182 million in cash.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1996, SGI purchased the well-known <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputer</a> manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Cray_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Cray Research">Cray Research</a> for $740 million,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and began to use marketing names such as "CrayLink" for (SGI-developed) technology integrated into the SGI server line. Three months later, it sold the <a href="/wiki/Cray_Business_Systems_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Cray Business Systems Division">Cray Business Systems Division</a>, responsible for the <a href="/wiki/CS6400" class="mw-redirect" title="CS6400">CS6400</a> SPARC/Solaris server, to <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> for an undisclosed amount (acknowledged later by a Sun executive to be "significantly less than $100 million").<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the <a href="/wiki/Cray_T3E" title="Cray T3E">Cray T3E</a> engineers designed and developed the <a href="/wiki/SGI_Altix" class="mw-redirect" title="SGI Altix">SGI Altix</a> and <a href="/wiki/NUMAlink" title="NUMAlink">NUMAlink</a> technology. SGI sold the Cray brand and product lines to <a href="/wiki/Tera_Computer_Company" title="Tera Computer Company">Tera Computer Company</a> on March 31, 2000, for $35 million plus one million shares.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SGI also distributed its remaining interest in MIPS Technologies through a spin-off effective June 20, 2000. </p><p>In September 2000, SGI acquired the Zx10 series of Windows workstations and servers from <a href="/wiki/Intergraph" title="Intergraph">Intergraph Computer Systems</a> (for a rumored $100 million), and rebadged them as SGI systems. The product line was discontinued in June 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SGI_Visual_Workstations">SGI Visual Workstations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: SGI Visual Workstations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another attempt by SGI in the late 1990s to introduce its own family of Intel-based workstations running <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> or <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Red Hat Linux</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/SGI_Visual_Workstation" title="SGI Visual Workstation">SGI Visual Workstation</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vw540_man_it_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vw540_man_it-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ntmagau_1999_11_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntmagau_1999_11-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lmag2001_03_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lmag2001_03-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pcw1999_12_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcw1999_12-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proved to be a financial disaster, and shook customer confidence in SGI's commitment to its own MIPS-based line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switch_to_Itanium">Switch to Itanium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Switch to Itanium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998, SGI announced that future generations of its machines would be based not on their own MIPS processors, but the upcoming "super-chip" from <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, code-named "Merced" and later called <a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a>. Funding for its own high-end processors was reduced, and it was planned that the <a href="/wiki/R10000" title="R10000">R10000</a> would be the last MIPS mainstream processor. <a href="/wiki/MIPS_Technologies" title="MIPS Technologies">MIPS Technologies</a> would focus entirely on the embedded market, where it was having some success, and SGI would no longer have to fund development of a CPU that, since the failure of <a href="/wiki/Advanced_RISC_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced RISC Computing">ARC</a>, found use only in their own machines. This plan quickly went awry. As early as 1999 it was clear the Itanium was going to be delivered very late and would have nowhere near the performance originally expected. As the production delays increased, MIPS' existing R10000-based machines grew increasingly uncompetitive. Eventually it was forced to introduce faster MIPS processors, the <a href="/wiki/R10000#R12000" title="R10000">R12000</a>, <a href="/wiki/R10000#R14000" title="R10000">R14000</a> and <a href="/wiki/R10000#R16000" title="R10000">R16000</a>, which were used in a series of models from 1999 through 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SGI's first Itanium-based system was the short-lived SGI 750 workstation, launched in 2001. SGI's MIPS-based systems were not to be superseded until the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Itanium_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Itanium 2">Itanium 2</a>-based <a href="/wiki/SGI_Altix" class="mw-redirect" title="SGI Altix">Altix</a> servers and <a href="/wiki/SGI_Prism" title="SGI Prism">Prism</a> workstations some time later. Unlike the MIPS systems, which ran <a href="/wiki/IRIX" title="IRIX">IRIX</a>, the Itanium systems used <a href="/wiki/SuSE_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="SuSE Linux">SuSE Linux Enterprise Server</a> with SGI enhancements as their <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>. SGI used <a href="/wiki/Transitive_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transitive Corporation">Transitive Corporation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/QuickTransit" title="QuickTransit">QuickTransit</a> software to allow their old MIPS/IRIX applications to run (in emulation) on the new Itanium/Linux platform. </p><p>In the server market the Itanium 2-based Altix eventually replaced the MIPS-based Origin product line. In the workstation market, the switch to Itanium was not completed before SGI exited the market. </p><p>The Altix was the most powerful computer in the world in 2006, assuming that a "computer" is defined as a collection of hardware running under a single instance of an operating system. The Altix had 512 Itanium processors running under a single instance of <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>. A cluster of 20 machines was then the eighth-fastest <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputer</a>. All faster supercomputers were clusters, but none have as many <a href="/wiki/FLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOPS">FLOPS</a> per machine. However, more recent supercomputers are very large clusters of machines that are individually less capable. SGI acknowledged this and in 2007 moved away from the "massive <a href="/wiki/Non-Uniform_Memory_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Uniform Memory Access">NUMA</a>" model to clusters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switch_to_Xeon">Switch to Xeon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Switch to Xeon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although SGI continued to market Itanium-based machines, its more recent machines were based on the Intel <a href="/wiki/Xeon" title="Xeon">Xeon</a> processor. The first Altix XE systems were relatively low-end machines, but by December 2006 the XE systems were more capable than the Itanium machines by some measures (e.g., power consumption in FLOPS/W, density in FLOPS/m<sup>3</sup>, cost/FLOPS). The XE1200 and XE1300 servers used a cluster architecture. This was a departure from the pure NUMA architectures of the earlier Itanium and MIPS servers. </p><p>In June 2007, SGI announced the Altix ICE 8200, a blade-based Xeon system with up to 512 Xeon cores per rack.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Altix ICE 8200 installed at New Mexico Computing Applications Center (with 14336 processors) ranked at number 3 on the TOP500 list of November 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="User_base_and_core_market">User base and core market</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: User base and core market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conventional wisdom holds that SGI's core market has traditionally been <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> visual effects studios. In fact, SGI's largest <a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">revenue</a> has always been generated by government and defense applications, energy, and scientific and technical computing.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one case Silicon Graphics' largest single sale ever was to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>. SGI's servers powered an <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> program to mechanically read, tag and sort the mail (hand-written and block) at a number of USPS's key mail centers. The rise of cheap yet powerful commodity workstations running <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>, and the availability of diverse professional software for them, effectively pushed SGI out of the visual effects industry in all but the most <a href="/wiki/Niche_market" title="Niche market">niche markets</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High-end_server_market">High-end server market</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: High-end server market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SGI continued to enhance its line of servers (including some <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputers</a>) based on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN architecture (page does not exist)">SN architecture</a>. SN, for Scalable Node, is a technology developed by SGI in the mid-1990s that uses <a href="/wiki/Non-Uniform_Memory_Access#Cache_coherent_NUMA_(ccNUMA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Uniform Memory Access">cache-coherent non-uniform memory access</a> (cc-NUMA). In an SN system, processors, memory, and a bus- and memory-controller are coupled together into an entity called a node, usually on a single <a href="/wiki/Circuit_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit board">circuit board</a>. Nodes are connected by a high-speed interconnect called <a href="/wiki/NUMAlink" title="NUMAlink">NUMAlink</a> (originally marketed as <a href="/wiki/CrayLink" class="mw-redirect" title="CrayLink">CrayLink</a>). There is no <a href="/wiki/Internal_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal bus">internal bus</a>, and instead access between processors, memory, and <a href="/wiki/I/O" class="mw-redirect" title="I/O">I/O</a> devices is done through a <a href="/wiki/Switched_fabric" title="Switched fabric">switched fabric</a> of links and <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">routers</a>. </p><p>Thanks to the cache coherence of the <a href="/wiki/Distributed_shared_memory" title="Distributed shared memory">distributed shared memory</a>, SN systems scale along several axes at once: as CPU count increases, so does memory capacity, I/O capacity, and system <a href="/wiki/Bisection_bandwidth" title="Bisection bandwidth">bisection bandwidth</a>. This allows the combined memory of all the nodes to be accessed under a single <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">OS</a> image using standard <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shared-memory_synchronization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shared-memory synchronization (page does not exist)">shared-memory synchronization</a> methods. This makes an SN system far easier to program and able to achieve higher sustained-to-peak performance than non-cache-coherent systems like conventional <a href="/wiki/Cluster_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster computing">clusters</a> or <a href="/wiki/Massively_parallel_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Massively parallel computer">massively parallel computers</a> which require applications code to be written (or re-written) to do explicit <a href="/wiki/Message-passing" class="mw-redirect" title="Message-passing">message-passing</a> communication between their nodes. </p><p>The first SN system, known as SN-0, was released in 1996 under the product name <a href="/wiki/SGI_Origin_2000" title="SGI Origin 2000">Origin 2000</a>. Based on the MIPS <a href="/wiki/R10000" title="R10000">R10000</a> processor, it scaled from 2 to 128 processors and a smaller version, the <a href="/wiki/SGI_Origin_200" title="SGI Origin 200">Origin 200</a> (SN-00), scaled from 1 to 4. Later enhancements enabled systems of as large as 512 processors. </p><p>The second generation system, originally called SN-1 but later SN-MIPS, was released in July 2000, as the <a href="/wiki/Origin_3000" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin 3000">Origin 3000</a>. It scaled from 4 to 512 processors, and 1,024-processor configurations were delivered by special order to some customers. A smaller, less scalable implementation followed, called Origin 300. </p><p>In November 2002, SGI announced a repackaging of its SN system, under the name Origin 3900. It quadrupled the processor area density of the SN-MIPS system, from 32 up to 128 processors per rack while moving to a "<a href="/wiki/Fat_tree" title="Fat tree">fat tree</a>" interconnect topology. </p><p>In January 2003, SGI announced a variant of the SN platform called the <a href="/wiki/Altix" title="Altix">Altix 3000</a> (internally called SN-IA). It used <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> <a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a> 2 processors and ran the <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> operating system kernel. At the time it was released, it was the world's most scalable Linux-based computer, supporting up to 64 processors in a single system node.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nodes could be connected using the same <a href="/wiki/NUMAlink" title="NUMAlink">NUMAlink</a> technology to form what SGI predictably termed "superclusters". </p><p>In February 2004, SGI announced general support for 128 processor nodes to be followed by 256 and 512 processor versions that year. </p><p>In April 2004, SGI announced the sale of its Alias software business for approximately $57 million.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2004, SGI built the supercomputer <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(supercomputer)" title="Columbia (supercomputer)">Columbia</a>, which broke the world record for computer speed, for the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Ames" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA Ames">NASA Ames</a> Research Center. It was a cluster of 20 <a href="/wiki/SGI_Altix" class="mw-redirect" title="SGI Altix">Altix supercomputers</a> each with 512 Intel Itanium 2 processors running Linux, and achieved sustained speed of 42.7 <a href="/wiki/1000000000000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="1000000000000 (number)">trillion</a> floating-point operations per second (<a href="/wiki/FLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOPS">teraflops</a>), easily topping <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>'s famed <a href="/wiki/Earth_Simulator" title="Earth Simulator">Earth Simulator</a>'s record of 35.86 teraflops. (A week later, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>'s upgraded <a href="/wiki/Blue_Gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Gene">Blue Gene</a>/L clocked in at 70.7 teraflops.) </p><p>In July 2006, SGI announced an SGI Altix 4700 system with 1,024 processors and 4 <a href="/wiki/Terabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Terabyte">TB</a> of memory running a single Linux system image.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware_products">Hardware products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Hardware products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some 68k- and MIPS-based models were also <a href="/wiki/Rebadged" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebadged">rebadged</a> by other vendors, including <a href="/wiki/Control_Data_Corporation" title="Control Data Corporation">CDC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tandem_Computers" title="Tandem Computers">Tandem Computers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Computer" title="Prime Computer">Prime Computer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siemens-Nixdorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens-Nixdorf">Siemens-Nixdorf</a>. SGI Onyx and SGI Indy series systems were used for <a href="/wiki/Video_game_development" title="Video game development">video game development</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorola_68k-based_systems">Motorola 68k-based systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Motorola 68k-based systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS" title="SGI IRIS">IRIS 1000</a> series graphics terminals (diskless 1000/1200, 1400/1500 with disks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS" title="SGI IRIS">IRIS 2000</a> series workstations (2000/2200/2300/2400/2500 non-Turbo and 2300T/2400T/2500T "Turbo" models)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS" title="SGI IRIS">IRIS 3000</a> series workstations (3010/3020/3030 and 3110/3115/3120/3130)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MIPS-based_systems">MIPS-based systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: MIPS-based systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SGI-indigo-front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SGI-indigo-front.jpg/170px-SGI-indigo-front.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SGI-indigo-front.jpg/255px-SGI-indigo-front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SGI-indigo-front.jpg/340px-SGI-indigo-front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption>SGI Indigo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silicon_Graphics_Indy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Silicon_Graphics_Indy.jpg/170px-Silicon_Graphics_Indy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Silicon_Graphics_Indy.jpg/255px-Silicon_Graphics_Indy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Silicon_Graphics_Indy.jpg/340px-Silicon_Graphics_Indy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3981" data-file-height="2583" /></a><figcaption>SGI Indy</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SgiOctane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SgiOctane.jpg/170px-SgiOctane.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SgiOctane.jpg/255px-SgiOctane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SgiOctane.jpg/340px-SgiOctane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2145" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption>SGI Octane</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SGI-onyx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SGI-onyx.jpg/170px-SGI-onyx.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SGI-onyx.jpg/255px-SGI-onyx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SGI-onyx.jpg/340px-SGI-onyx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1904" /></a><figcaption>SGI Onyx</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SGI_O2_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/SGI_O2_front.jpg/220px-SGI_O2_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/SGI_O2_front.jpg/330px-SGI_O2_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/SGI_O2_front.jpg/440px-SGI_O2_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>SGI O2</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silicon_Graphics_Tezro_Workstation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Silicon_Graphics_Tezro_Workstation.jpg/220px-Silicon_Graphics_Tezro_Workstation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Silicon_Graphics_Tezro_Workstation.jpg/330px-Silicon_Graphics_Tezro_Workstation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Silicon_Graphics_Tezro_Workstation.jpg/440px-Silicon_Graphics_Tezro_Workstation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2450" data-file-height="2450" /></a><figcaption>SGI Tezro Workstation</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Workstations">Workstations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Workstations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Professional IRIS series (IRIS 4D/50/60/70/80/85)</li> <li>Personal IRIS series (IRIS 4D/20/25/30/35)</li> <li>IRIS Power Series (IRIS 4D/1x0/2x0/3x0/4x0)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Crimson" title="SGI Crimson">IRIS Crimson (deskside workstation/server)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Indigo" title="SGI Indigo">IRIS Indigo series (Indigo, Indigo R4000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Indigo2" class="mw-redirect" title="SGI Indigo2">Indigo² series (Indigo², Power Indigo², Indigo² R10000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Indy" title="SGI Indy">Indy workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_O2" title="SGI O2">O2/O2+ workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Octane" title="SGI Octane">Octane workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Octane2" class="mw-redirect" title="SGI Octane2">Octane2 workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Fuel" title="SGI Fuel">Fuel entry-level workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Tezro" title="SGI Tezro">Tezro high-end workstation</a><sup id="cite_ref-SGI_2003_at_fxguide_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGI_2003_at_fxguide-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Servers">Servers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Servers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Indy" title="SGI Indy">Challenge S</a> (desktop server)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Challenge_M" class="mw-redirect" title="SGI Challenge M">Challenge M/Power Challenge M</a> (desktop server)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Challenge" title="SGI Challenge">Challenge DM</a> (deskside server)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Challenge" title="SGI Challenge">Challenge L/Power Challenge/Challenge 10000</a> (deskside server)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Challenge" title="SGI Challenge">Challenge XL/Power Challenge XL</a> (rack server)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Origin_200" title="SGI Origin 200">Origin 200</a> entry-level server</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Origin_2000" title="SGI Origin 2000">Origin 2000</a> high-end server</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SGI_Origin_300&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SGI Origin 300 (page does not exist)">Origin 300</a> entry-level server</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Origin_350" title="SGI Origin 350">Origin 350</a> mid-range server</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Origin_3000" class="mw-redirect" title="SGI Origin 3000">Origin 3000</a> high-end server</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Visualization">Visualization</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Visualization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Onyx" title="SGI Onyx">Onyx (deskside and rackmount systems)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Onyx" title="SGI Onyx">Power Onyx (deskside and rackmount systems)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Onyx" title="SGI Onyx">Onyx 10000 (deskside and rackmount systems)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Onyx2" title="SGI Onyx2">Onyx2 (deskside and rackmount systems)</a></li> <li>Onyx 350 (rackmount systems)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx_3000" class="mw-redirect" title="Onyx 3000">Onyx 3000</a> (rackmount systems)</li> <li>Onyx4 (rackmount systems)</li> <li>SkyWriter (rackmount systems)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intel_IA-32-based_systems">Intel IA-32-based systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Intel IA-32-based systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sgi-540_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sgi-540_01.jpg/170px-Sgi-540_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sgi-540_01.jpg/255px-Sgi-540_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sgi-540_01.jpg/340px-Sgi-540_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>SGI 540 Visual Workstation</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Workstations_2">Workstations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Workstations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Visual_Workstation" title="SGI Visual Workstation">SGI 320 Visual Workstation</a> (Windows NT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Visual_Workstation" title="SGI Visual Workstation">SGI 540 Visual Workstation</a> (Windows NT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Visual_Workstation" title="SGI Visual Workstation">SGI 230 Workstation</a> (Linux/Windows NT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Visual_Workstation" title="SGI Visual Workstation">SGI 330 Workstation</a> (Linux/Windows NT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Visual_Workstation" title="SGI Visual Workstation">SGI 550 Workstation</a> (Linux/Windows NT)</li> <li>SGI Zx10 Visual Workstation (Windows)</li> <li>SGI Zx10 VE Visual Workstation (Windows)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Servers_2">Servers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Servers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>SGI Zx10 Server (Windows)</li> <li>SGI 1100 server (Linux/Windows)</li> <li>SGI 1200 server (Linux/Windows)</li> <li>SGI 1400 server (Linux/Windows)</li> <li>SGI 1450 server (Linux/Windows)</li> <li>SGI Internet Server (Linux)</li> <li>SGI Internet Server for E-commerce (Linux)</li> <li>SGI Internet Server for Messaging (Linux)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Itanium-based_systems">Itanium-based systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Itanium-based systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>SGI 750 workstation</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SGI_Altix_330&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SGI Altix 330 (page does not exist)">Altix 330</a> entry-level server</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Altix_350" class="mw-redirect" title="SGI Altix 350">Altix 350</a> mid-range server</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SGI_Altix_3000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SGI Altix 3000 (page does not exist)">Altix 3000</a> high-end server</li> <li>Altix 450 mid-range server</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SGI_Altix_4000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SGI Altix 4000 (page does not exist)">Altix 4000</a> high-end server, capable of up to 2048 CPUs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Prism" title="SGI Prism">Prism</a> (deskside and rackmount systems)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intel/AMD_x86-64_systems"><span id="Intel.2FAMD_x86-64_systems"></span>Intel/AMD x86-64 systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Intel/AMD x86-64 systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Altix XE210 server</li> <li>Altix XE240 server</li> <li>Altix XE310 server</li> <li>Altix XE1200 cluster</li> <li>Altix XE1300 cluster</li> <li>Altix ICE 8200</li> <li>Altix ICE 8400</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Virtu" title="SGI Virtu">Virtu VN200</a> visualization node</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Virtu" title="SGI Virtu">Virtu VS100</a> workstation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Virtu" title="SGI Virtu">Virtu VS200</a> workstation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Virtu" title="SGI Virtu">Virtu VS300</a> workstation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Virtu" title="SGI Virtu">Virtu VS350</a> workstation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FPGA-based_accelerators">FPGA-based accelerators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: FPGA-based accelerators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>RASC Application Acceleration</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storage_systems">Storage systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Storage systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>InfiniteStorage 10000</li> <li>InfiniteStorage 6700</li> <li>InfiniteStorage 4600</li> <li>InfiniteStorage 4500</li> <li>InfiniteStorage 4000</li> <li>InfiniteStorage 350</li> <li>InfiniteStorage 220</li> <li>InfiniteStorage 120</li> <li>SGI Infinite Data Cluster<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storage_solutions">Storage solutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Storage solutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>InfiniteStorage NEXIS 500</li> <li>InfiniteStorage NEXIS 2000</li> <li>InfiniteStorage NEXIS 7000</li> <li>InfiniteStorage NEXIS 7000-HA</li> <li>InfiniteStorage NEXIS 9000</li> <li>InfiniteStorage Server 3500</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Displays">Displays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Displays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SGI_1600SW" title="SGI 1600SW">1600SW</a>, a multi-award-winning wide screen video monitor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accelerator_cards">Accelerator cards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Accelerator cards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IrisVision" title="IrisVision">IrisVision</a>, one of the first 3D graphics accelerators for high-end PCs</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Espressigo, <a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">Espresso</a> maker in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Gaggia" title="Gaggia">Gaggia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SGI_timeline">SGI timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:SGI_computer_timeline&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: SGI timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_8jdm41v793vt3vbf1qj9j4ag5cgovyl"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Prism" coords="664,139,750,160" title="SGI Prism" alt="SGI Prism" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Origin_3000_and_Onyx_3000" coords="528,139,653,160" title="SGI Origin 3000 and Onyx 3000" alt="SGI Origin 3000 and Onyx 3000" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Origin_2000" coords="408,139,505,160" title="Origin 2000" alt="Origin 2000" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Challenge" coords="278,139,364,160" title="SGI Challenge" alt="SGI Challenge" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Onyx_300" coords="528,118,608,138" title="Onyx 300" alt="Onyx 300" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Onyx_2" coords="408,118,477,138" title="Onyx 2" alt="Onyx 2" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Onyx" coords="318,118,376,138" title="SGI Onyx" alt="SGI Onyx" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Crimson" coords="266,118,341,138" title="SGI Crimson" alt="SGI Crimson" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Altix" coords="668,96,754,117" title="SGI Altix" alt="SGI Altix" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Origin_200" coords="398,96,490,117" title="SGI Origin 200" alt="SGI Origin 200" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Indigo%C2%B2_and_Challenge_M" coords="278,96,375,117" title="SGI Indigo² and Challenge M" alt="SGI Indigo² and Challenge M" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Tezro" coords="608,75,672,95" title="SGI Tezro" alt="SGI Tezro" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Octane2" coords="518,75,593,95" title="SGI Octane2" alt="SGI Octane2" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Octane" coords="428,75,498,95" title="SGI Octane" alt="SGI Octane" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Indigo%C2%B2_and_Challenge_M" coords="278,75,359,95" title="SGI Indigo² and Challenge M" alt="SGI Indigo² and Challenge M" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS_4D" coords="168,75,265,95" title="SGI IRIS 4D" alt="SGI IRIS 4D" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Fuel" coords="566,53,624,74" title="SGI Fuel" alt="SGI Fuel" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Indigo" coords="218,53,288,74" title="SGI Indigo" alt="SGI Indigo" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS_4D" coords="98,53,229,74" title="SGI IRIS 4D" alt="SGI IRIS 4D" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_O2" coords="553,32,606,53" title="SGI O2" alt="SGI O2" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_O2" coords="398,32,445,53" title="SGI O2" alt="SGI O2" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_Indy" coords="308,32,366,53" title="SGI Indy" alt="SGI Indy" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS_4D" coords="168,32,276,53" title="SGI IRIS 4D" alt="SGI IRIS 4D" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS" coords="128,32,186,53" title="SGI IRIS" alt="SGI IRIS" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS" coords="98,32,156,53" title="SGI IRIS" alt="SGI IRIS" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS" coords="38,32,96,53" title="SGI IRIS" alt="SGI IRIS" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Visual_Workstation" coords="493,11,629,31" title="Visual Workstation" alt="Visual Workstation" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS" coords="98,11,184,31" title="SGI IRIS" alt="SGI IRIS" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS" coords="21,11,107,31" title="SGI IRIS" alt="SGI IRIS" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_8jdm41v793vt3vbf1qj9j4ag5cgovyl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/8jdm41v793vt3vbf1qj9j4ag5cgovyl.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SCO_and_SGI" class="mw-redirect" title="SCO and SGI">SCO and SGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Belluzzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rick Belluzzo">Rick Belluzzo</a>, SGI CEO from January 1998 to August 1999</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image">Silicon Graphics Image</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-casos-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-casos_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315010639/http://kepler.sos.ca.gov/">"Business Entity Detail"</a>. <i>Business Search database</i>. <a href="/wiki/California_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="California Secretary of State">California Secretary of State</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SGI+Altix+Again+Crushes+World+Record+for+Memory+Bandwidth&rft.pub=Silicon+Graphics&rft.date=2006-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgi.com%2Fcompany_info%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress_releases%2F2006%2Fjuly%2Fstream_1024p.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilicon+Graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SGI_2003_at_fxguide-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SGI_2003_at_fxguide_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeymour2003" class="citation web cs1">Seymour, Mike (July 14, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fxguide.com/featured/exclusive_coverage_of_sgi_2003_new_product_line_-_part_1_-_overview/">"Exclusive Coverage of SGI 2003 New Product Line – Part 1 – Overview"</a>. fxguide<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exclusive+Coverage+of+SGI+2003+New+Product+Line+%E2%80%93+Part+1+%E2%80%93+Overview&rft.pub=fxguide&rft.date=2003-07-14&rft.aulast=Seymour&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fxguide.com%2Ffeatured%2Fexclusive_coverage_of_sgi_2003_new_product_line_-_part_1_-_overview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilicon+Graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_Graphics&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327194141/http://www.sgi.com">SGI official website (pre-acquisition)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived March 27, 2009)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2004/11/65834?currentPage=all">Whatever Happened to SGI?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insidehpc.com/images/04132009/SGItimeline.jpg">SGI timeline</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irixnet.org/">Irix Network - information, forums, and archive for SGI machines</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408115723/http://www.nekochan.net/wiki/Main_Page">Nekochan SGI wiki</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sgidepot.co.uk/iris-faq.html">IRIS 2000/3000 FAQ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vdheijden-messerli.net/sgistuff/photos/index.html">A collection of SGI equipment images</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sgi.sh/">Silicon Graphics User Group</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Silicon_Graphics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Silicon Graphics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Company</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Silicon Graphics</a> (1981–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_International" title="Silicon Graphics International">Silicon Graphics International</a> (2009–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Akeley" title="Kurt Akeley">Kurt Akeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Belluzzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rick Belluzzo">Rick Belluzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Brown_(computer_scientist)" title="David J. Brown (computer scientist)">David J. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Clark" title="James H. Clark">James H. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Haeberli" title="Paul Haeberli">Paul Haeberli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Hannah" title="Marc Hannah">Marc Hannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Kuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Herb Kuta">Herb Kuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Silverstone" title="Abbey Silverstone">Abbey Silverstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acquisitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alias_Systems_Corporation" title="Alias Systems Corporation">Alias Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray">Cray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroyer_Films" title="Kroyer Films">Kroyer Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavefront_Technologies" title="Wavefront Technologies">Wavefront Technologies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">Computer<br />architectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000_series" title="Motorola 68000 series">Motorola 68000</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS" title="SGI IRIS">SGI IRIS</a> (former models)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SGI_IRIS_4D" class="mw-redirect" title="SGI IRIS 4D">IRIS 4D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Indigo" title="SGI Indigo">Indigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Indigo%C2%B2_and_Challenge_M" title="SGI Indigo² and Challenge M">Indigo² and Challenge M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Indy" title="SGI Indy">Indy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Crimson" title="SGI Crimson">Crimson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_O2" title="SGI O2">O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Octane" title="SGI Octane">Octane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Challenge" title="SGI Challenge">Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Onyx" title="SGI Onyx">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Origin_200" title="SGI Origin 200">Origin 200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Origin_2000" title="SGI Origin 2000">Origin 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Onyx2" title="SGI Onyx2">Onyx2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Origin_3000_and_Onyx_3000" title="SGI Origin 3000 and Onyx 3000">Origin and Onyx 3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Fuel" title="SGI Fuel">Fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Tezro" title="SGI Tezro">Tezro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Visual_Workstation" title="SGI Visual Workstation">Visual Workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altix" title="Altix">Altix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Prism" title="SGI Prism">Prism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_Virtu" title="SGI Virtu">Virtu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Graphics_hardware" title="Graphics hardware">Graphics hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geometry_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Geometry Engine">Geometry Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elan_Graphics" title="Elan Graphics">Elan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Graphics" title="Extreme Graphics">Extreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMPACT_(computer_graphics)" title="IMPACT (computer graphics)">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGI_VPro" title="SGI VPro">VPro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealityEngine" title="RealityEngine">RealityEngine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfiniteReality" title="InfiniteReality">InfiniteReality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IrisVision" title="IrisVision">IrisVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_Coprocessor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reality Coprocessor">Reality Coprocessor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SGI_1600SW" title="SGI 1600SW">1600SW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IRIX" title="IRIX">IRIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image">Image format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEX_(windowing_system)" title="MEX (windowing system)">MEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_WorkSpace" title="Iris WorkSpace">WorkSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Sight" class="mw-redirect" title="4Sight">4Sight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRIX_Interactive_Desktop" title="IRIX Interactive Desktop">Interactive Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xsgi" title="Xsgi">Xsgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Dwm" class="mw-redirect" title="4Dwm">4Dwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFS" title="XFS">XFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRIS_GL" title="IRIS GL">IRIS GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenGL" title="OpenGL">OpenGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenLDI" title="OpenLDI">OpenLDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIO" title="GIO">GIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XIO" title="XIO">XIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUMAlink" title="NUMAlink">NUMAlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623459#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623459#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623459#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122167782">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127785725">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no93016287">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007425776705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/603dc7ac-4be6-447c-9ef7-b29b8ab93237">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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