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We report the first" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://uq.academia.edu/MarshallWeisler" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://jamescook.academia.edu/ArianaLambrides" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/MichelCHARLEUX" /> <meta name="description" content="Eiao Island (39.2 km2, 577 m elevation), situated at the northern extent of the Marquesas Archipelago, features rocky and steep coastlines with few sheltered embayments that allow easy access to the sea and marine resources. We report the first" /> <title>(PDF) New Taxonomic Records and Regional Trends for the Marquesan Prehistoric Marine Fishery, Eiao Island, Polynesia | Marshall Weisler, Ariana Lambrides, and Michel CHARLEUX - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/36055171/New_Taxonomic_Records_and_Regional_Trends_for_the_Marquesan_Prehistoric_Marine_Fishery_Eiao_Island_Polynesia" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'dfc49e7d83aa90bf9e7eb490ab77f2a435e7acbe'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732573929000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732573929000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Eiao Island (39.2 km2, 577 m elevation), situated at the northern extent of the Marquesas Archipelago, features rocky and steep coastlines with few sheltered embayments that allow easy access to the sea and marine resources. We report the first evidence of prehistoric fishing practices from Eiao Island based on three inland sites (possibly dating from the 14th to 17th centuries), and explore variation in fish exploitation. All previous archaeological fishing records from the archipelago are from coastal sites, with inland Eiao Island assemblages offering comparative data on site location and taxonomic composition. The Eiao Island fish bone assemblages are dominated by piscivorous taxa, specifically grouper (Serranidae). Few tuna, mackerel and bonito (Scombridae) remains were recovered from the Eiao Island assemblages, compared to reports from Ua Pou, Tahuata and Ua Huka. New family-level taxonomic records added for the archipelago include: bonefish (Albulidae), requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae), butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae), flagtail (Kuhliidae), damselfish (Pomacentridae) and rabbitfish (Siganidae). These results further contribute to our understanding of prehistoric Marquesan fishing practices and allow elucidation of subsistence in coastal versus inland settings, variability in taxonomic composition between islands of the archipelago, and importantly inform on human-environment interactions in East Polynesia.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Marshall Weisler"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Ariana Lambrides"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Michel CHARLEUX"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Ariana Lambrides"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Michel CHARLEUX"}],"dateCreated":"2018-03-01","dateModified":"2018-03-01","datePublished":null,"headline":"New Taxonomic Records and Regional Trends for the Marquesan Prehistoric Marine Fishery, Eiao Island, Polynesia","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Prehistoric Archaeology","Fish Remains (Zooarchaeology)","Faunal Analysis","Fishing","Polynesian Archaeology","French Polynesia","Faunal Analysis, Zooarchaeology","Marquesas Prehistory Polynesia"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/36055171/New_Taxonomic_Records_and_Regional_Trends_for_the_Marquesan_Prehistoric_Marine_Fishery_Eiao_Island_Polynesia","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"uq"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"jamescook"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"univ-paris1"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F36055171%2FNew_Taxonomic_Records_and_Regional_Trends_for_the_Marquesan_Prehistoric_Marine_Fishery_Eiao_Island_Polynesia%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F36055171%2FNew_Taxonomic_Records_and_Regional_Trends_for_the_Marquesan_Prehistoric_Marine_Fishery_Eiao_Island_Polynesia%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":55940785,"identifier":"Attachment_55940785","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":36055171,"created_at":"2018-03-01T15:56:45.448-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-13T02:38:42.180-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Eiao Island (39.2 km2, 577 m elevation), situated at the northern extent of the Marquesas Archipelago, features rocky and steep coastlines with few sheltered embayments that allow easy access to the sea and marine resources. We report the first evidence of prehistoric fishing practices from Eiao Island based on three inland sites (possibly dating from the 14th to 17th centuries), and explore variation in fish exploitation. All previous archaeological fishing records from the archipelago are from coastal sites, with inland Eiao Island assemblages offering comparative data on site location and taxonomic composition. The Eiao Island fish bone assemblages are dominated by piscivorous taxa, specifically grouper (Serranidae). Few tuna, mackerel and bonito (Scombridae) remains were recovered from the Eiao Island assemblages, compared to reports from Ua Pou, Tahuata and Ua Huka. New family-level taxonomic records added for the archipelago include: bonefish (Albulidae), requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae), butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae), flagtail (Kuhliidae), damselfish (Pomacentridae) and rabbitfish (Siganidae). These results further contribute to our understanding of prehistoric Marquesan fishing practices and allow elucidation of subsistence in coastal versus inland settings, variability in taxonomic composition between islands of the archipelago, and importantly inform on human-environment interactions in East Polynesia."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"New Taxonomic Records and Regional Trends for the Marquesan Prehistoric Marine Fishery, Eiao Island, Polynesia","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [1066527,9310803,702542]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":55940785,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “New Taxonomic Records and Regional Trends for the Marquesan Prehistoric Marine Fishery, Eiao Island, Polynesia”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/55940785/mini_magick20190113-15744-i42kli.png?1547409466" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">New Taxonomic Records and Regional Trends for the Marquesan Prehistoric Marine Fishery, Eiao Island, Polynesia</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1066527" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/MichelCHARLEUX"><img alt="Profile image of Michel CHARLEUX" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1066527/2862961/3343622/s65_michel.charleux.jpg" />Michel CHARLEUX</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9310803" href="https://jamescook.academia.edu/ArianaLambrides"><img alt="Profile image of Ariana Lambrides" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/9310803/2981785/33072094/s65_ariana.lambrides.jpg" />Ariana Lambrides</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="702542" href="https://uq.academia.edu/MarshallWeisler"><img alt="Profile image of Marshall Weisler" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/702542/10045517/11205626/s65_marshall.weisler.jpg" />Marshall Weisler</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Eiao Island (39.2 km2, 577 m elevation), situated at the northern extent of the Marquesas Archipelago, features rocky and steep coastlines with few sheltered embayments that allow easy access to the sea and marine resources. We report the first evidence of prehistoric fishing practices from Eiao Island based on three inland sites (possibly dating from the 14th to 17th centuries), and explore variation in fish exploitation. All previous archaeological fishing records from the archipelago are from coastal sites, with inland Eiao Island assemblages offering comparative data on site location and taxonomic composition. The Eiao Island fish bone assemblages are dominated by piscivorous taxa, specifically grouper (Serranidae). Few tuna, mackerel and bonito (Scombridae) remains were recovered from the Eiao Island assemblages, compared to reports from Ua Pou, Tahuata and Ua Huka. New family-level taxonomic records added for the archipelago include: bonefish (Albulidae), requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae), butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae), flagtail (Kuhliidae), damselfish (Pomacentridae) and rabbitfish (Siganidae). These results further contribute to our understanding of prehistoric Marquesan fishing practices and allow elucidation of subsistence in coastal versus inland settings, variability in taxonomic composition between islands of the archipelago, and importantly inform on human-environment interactions in East Polynesia.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":55940785,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/36055171/New_Taxonomic_Records_and_Regional_Trends_for_the_Marquesan_Prehistoric_Marine_Fishery_Eiao_Island_Polynesia"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":55940785,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/36055171/New_Taxonomic_Records_and_Regional_Trends_for_the_Marquesan_Prehistoric_Marine_Fishery_Eiao_Island_Polynesia"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="55940785" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/36055171/New_Taxonomic_Records_and_Regional_Trends_for_the_Marquesan_Prehistoric_Marine_Fishery_Eiao_Island_Polynesia" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="36415045" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36415045/Davidson_J_M_Leach_B_F_Fraser_K_and_Burnside_G_1998_Prehistoric_Fishing_at_Faahia_Huahine_Society_Islands_French_Polynesia_Journal_de_la_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_Oc%C3%A9anistes_107_145_157">Davidson, J.M., Leach, B.F., Fraser, K. and Burnside, G. 1998. Prehistoric Fishing at Fa`ahia, Huahine, Society Islands, French Polynesia. Journal de la Société des Océanistes 107: 145–157.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21167587" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Janetdavidson">Janet davidson</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1846082" href="https://university-of-ngakuta.academia.edu/FossLeach">Foss Leach</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Une collection d'os de poissons provenant des fouilles du locus C50 à Fa'ahia (Huahine) est analysée et les résultats sont comparés à ceux d'une étude précédente de la faune provenant d'une aire adjacente du même site. Les prises du locus C50 sont dominées par le poisson-perroquet alors que, dans l'étude précédente, le thon était dominant. Un tel contraste entre des parties adjacentes du même site est des plus inhabituels dans le Pacifique. Diverses raisons possibles pour expliquer cette différence sont examinées ; une conclusion définitive doit attendre une compréhension plus complète de la nature de ce site archéologique remarquable. Abstract An archaeological assemblage of fish bones from excavations at Locus C50 at Fa'ahia on Huahine was analysed and the results</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Davidson, J.M., Leach, B.F., Fraser, K. and Burnside, G. 1998. Prehistoric Fishing at Fa`ahia, Huahine, Society Islands, French Polynesia. Journal de la Société des Océanistes 107: 145–157.","attachmentId":56327487,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36415045/Davidson_J_M_Leach_B_F_Fraser_K_and_Burnside_G_1998_Prehistoric_Fishing_at_Faahia_Huahine_Society_Islands_French_Polynesia_Journal_de_la_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_Oc%C3%A9anistes_107_145_157","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36415045/Davidson_J_M_Leach_B_F_Fraser_K_and_Burnside_G_1998_Prehistoric_Fishing_at_Faahia_Huahine_Society_Islands_French_Polynesia_Journal_de_la_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_Oc%C3%A9anistes_107_145_157"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="49466296" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49466296/Davidson_J_M_Fraser_K_Leach_B_F_and_Sinoto_Y_H_2000_Prehistoric_Fishing_at_Hane_Ua_Huka_Marquesas_Islands_French_Polynesia_New_Zealand_Journal_of_Archaeology_21_1999_5_28">Davidson, J.M., Fraser, K., Leach, B.F. and Sinoto, Y.H. 2000. Prehistoric Fishing at Hane, Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 21 (1999): 5-28.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1846082" href="https://university-of-ngakuta.academia.edu/FossLeach">Foss Leach</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Re-analysis of fish remains from the Hane Dune Site, Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands, yielded a Minimum Number of Individuals of 533 fish from 1246 identified bones. The catch of Hane fishermen was dominated by tuna. This dominance was strongest in the early phases and declined through time. Even so, tuna were still a significant pa.it of the catch during the latest occupation. A similar pattern bas been observed at other Marquesan sites. In this study, the distinctive ultimate vertebra and adjacent caudal vertebrae of tuna were identified as well as the standard cranial bones.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Davidson, J.M., Fraser, K., Leach, B.F. and Sinoto, Y.H. 2000. Prehistoric Fishing at Hane, Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 21 (1999): 5-28.","attachmentId":67810962,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49466296/Davidson_J_M_Fraser_K_Leach_B_F_and_Sinoto_Y_H_2000_Prehistoric_Fishing_at_Hane_Ua_Huka_Marquesas_Islands_French_Polynesia_New_Zealand_Journal_of_Archaeology_21_1999_5_28","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49466296/Davidson_J_M_Fraser_K_Leach_B_F_and_Sinoto_Y_H_2000_Prehistoric_Fishing_at_Hane_Ua_Huka_Marquesas_Islands_French_Polynesia_New_Zealand_Journal_of_Archaeology_21_1999_5_28"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="14235774" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14235774/Island_of_Pelagic_Fishermen_Temporal_Changes_in_Prehistoric_Fishing_on_Fais_Micronesia">Island of Pelagic Fishermen: Temporal Changes in Prehistoric Fishing on Fais, Micronesia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33208248" href="https://minpaku.academia.edu/MichikoIntoh">Michiko Intoh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Island of Pelagic Fishermen: Temporal Changes in Prehistoric Fishing on Fais, Micronesia","attachmentId":44421298,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14235774/Island_of_Pelagic_Fishermen_Temporal_Changes_in_Prehistoric_Fishing_on_Fais_Micronesia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14235774/Island_of_Pelagic_Fishermen_Temporal_Changes_in_Prehistoric_Fishing_on_Fais_Micronesia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="114311426" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114311426/Prehistoric_Fishing_in_the_Tropical_Pacific_Region_and_New_Zealand_and_Human_Influences_on_the_Marine_Environment_Published_in_Japanese_as_Leach_B_F_2003_pp_55_70_In_Akira_Matsui_ed_Kino_Bunka_Honeno_Bunka">Prehistoric Fishing in the Tropical Pacific Region and New Zealand, and Human Influences on the Marine Environment. Published in Japanese as Leach, B.F. 2003. pp 55-70 In: Akira Matsui (ed.) Kino Bunka Honeno Bunka.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1846082" href="https://university-of-ngakuta.academia.edu/FossLeach">Foss Leach</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper reviews salient points about the prehistory of fishing in the Pacific region. Fishing began in this region about 35,000 years ago along the coastal areas of New Ireland. This provided the beginnings of a maritime technology which ultimately led to the discovery and settlement of many thousands of islands in the Pacific by people sharing a common language family known as Austronesian. In this discussion about fishing in the Pacific I focus attention mainly on the tropical areas of island Oceania, but give some attention to communities in temperate waters, such as New Zealand. Throughout this region there are about 1500 species of fish, with changes in natural abundance patterns mainly by latitude. Seasonal effects are largely confined to the colder southern waters. A few areas, such as the Marquesas Islands and Easter Island, are generally regarded as having impoverished marine faunas. This is mainly because of the absence of developed coral reefs. However, archaeological studies on several islands in the Marquesas group certainly show that fishing was a very important activity for these people. Access to fish stocks, therefore, does not seem to have been a limiting economic factor for oceanic communities. Although there are a large number of fish species in the Pacific, only about 50 were taken in any abundance by prehistoric people. An even smaller number of these were focused on. In the tropical areas, 6 families of fish account for 66% of all fish taken, and in New Zealand 6 families account for 85% of all catches. Statistics of this kind come from research in the Archaeozoology Laboratory at the Museum of New Zealand. We have studied archaeological fish remains from 24 different island groups in the tropical Pacific and 126 archaeological sites in New Zealand. The combined minimum number of individuals is greater than 50,000. This represents a good sample from which to make general observations about fishing behaviour. In addition, measurements are made on archaeological bones to reconstruct the size-frequency diagrams of fish catches, so that changes through time can be observed for select species. The six most common fish types in order of relative abundance are as follows: Tropical Pacific Temperate New Zealand Family Common Name Family Common Name Scaridae Parrotfish Gemphylidae Barracouta etc Epinephelidae Grouper Mugiloididae Blue Cod Lethrinidae Emperor Sparidae Snapper Balistidae Triggerfish Labridae Spotty etc Coridae Tuskfish Moridae Red Cod Scombridae Tuna etc. Odacidae Greenbone There are some notable discrepancies in relative quantities of fish types in archaeological sites from one part of the Pacific to another which are not due to changes in natural abundance. These represent pockets of specialised fishing behaviour, and witness a dominating role of human choice; that is cultural factors, rather than economic factors, or environmental determinants. This has important theoretical implications when trying to model cultural or technological evolution in this region. Two notable forms of specialisation are the tuna fishing activities of people in the Marquesas and Society Islands, and marlin fishing in the Marianas. In a number of places in the Pacific we can observe significant changes through time in fish catches, not only in species abundance, but also in fish sizes. In a few cases, we can document changes in the natural environment over time, but most of the observed changes are probably related to cultural factors, including changes in food avoidance behaviour, such as totemism. One classic case of this concerns eels. In some societies eels are considered disgusting and dangerous to eat, whereas other groups consider them a delicacy. Such patterns of non-rational behaviour sometimes change through time. In New Zealand we have been able to observe significant changes in the size-frequency diagrams of prehistoric fish catches over time. We have been surprised to find that in most cases the average size of fish increased over the centuries. This is the case for several species, and for a number of archaeological sites. In early catches very small fish were being taken, far smaller than could be caught with baited hook. This suggests that entrapment techniques such as nets were common. Later in time, these very small fish are less abundant, and we believe this is because people were catching fish in somewhat deeper water, and making greater use of baited hook and line. Isotope studies of human bone have shown that fish were indeed important in the diet of many groups. However, in line with theoretical studies of the dietary requirements of humans, other ingredients assume great importance too. It is suggested that the overriding factor in maintaining a successful economy for prehistoric people in the Pacific was access to adequate supplies of either carbohydrate or fat, and that fish represented a highly reliable, and effectively infinite supply of protein which could be taken for granted. I therefore characterise fish stocks as a super-abundant supply of protein, far beyond the capacity of most prehistoric human communities to deplete. Finally, I make some comments about the ultimate origin of fishing technology in the oceanic island world. I do not consider that we can convincingly demonstrate any connection between Japan and Micronesia during the prehistoric period. However, there is a better chance that there was a connection between Taiwan and parts of the Mariana Islands. This has recently been revealed by discoveries of highly specialised dolphin fish fishing in Taiwan dating back as early as 5,000 BP. It is also present in the Marianas by 2,000 BP, but to the best of our knowledge it is found nowhere else in the Pacific world.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prehistoric Fishing in the Tropical Pacific Region and New Zealand, and Human Influences on the Marine Environment. Published in Japanese as Leach, B.F. 2003. pp 55-70 In: Akira Matsui (ed.) Kino Bunka Honeno Bunka.","attachmentId":111043090,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114311426/Prehistoric_Fishing_in_the_Tropical_Pacific_Region_and_New_Zealand_and_Human_Influences_on_the_Marine_Environment_Published_in_Japanese_as_Leach_B_F_2003_pp_55_70_In_Akira_Matsui_ed_Kino_Bunka_Honeno_Bunka","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114311426/Prehistoric_Fishing_in_the_Tropical_Pacific_Region_and_New_Zealand_and_Human_Influences_on_the_Marine_Environment_Published_in_Japanese_as_Leach_B_F_2003_pp_55_70_In_Akira_Matsui_ed_Kino_Bunka_Honeno_Bunka"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="3944497" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3944497/Prehistoric_Fishing_in_Palau_Micronesia_Evidence_from_the_Northern_Rock_Islands">Prehistoric Fishing in Palau, Micronesia: Evidence from the Northern Rock Islands</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="172698" href="https://uoregon.academia.edu/ScottFitzpatrick">Scott Fitzpatrick</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We report on an assemblage of well preserved fish remains recovered from the site of Chelechol ra Orrak in the Rock Islands of Palau. This is only the second such study to date in Palau and one of the few for the region, indicating the need to better understand the role marine resources played in the adaptation and development of early Micronesian societies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prehistoric Fishing in Palau, Micronesia: Evidence from the Northern Rock Islands","attachmentId":31561189,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3944497/Prehistoric_Fishing_in_Palau_Micronesia_Evidence_from_the_Northern_Rock_Islands","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3944497/Prehistoric_Fishing_in_Palau_Micronesia_Evidence_from_the_Northern_Rock_Islands"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="47062441" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47062441/Ethnoarchaeology_and_the_development_of_Polynesian_fishing_strategies">Ethnoarchaeology and the development of Polynesian fishing strategies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="173215" href="https://manoa-hawaii.academia.edu/PatrickKirch">Patrick Kirch</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of the Polynesian Society Polynesian Society, 1979</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ethnoarchaeology and the development of Polynesian fishing strategies","attachmentId":66357742,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47062441/Ethnoarchaeology_and_the_development_of_Polynesian_fishing_strategies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47062441/Ethnoarchaeology_and_the_development_of_Polynesian_fishing_strategies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="21794787" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21794787/Davidson_J_M_and_Leach_B_F_1996_Fishing_on_Nukuoro_Atoll_Ethnographic_and_archaeological_viewpoints_pp_184_202_In_Julien_M_Orliac_M_and_Orliac_C_eds_M%C3%A9moire_de_Pierre_M%C3%A9moire_DHomme_Tradition_et_Arch%C3%A9ologie_en_Oc%C3%A9anie_Hommage_%C3%A0_Jos%C3%A9_Garanger_Publication_de_la_Sorbonne_Paris">Davidson, J.M. and Leach, B.F. 1996. Fishing on Nukuoro Atoll: Ethnographic and archaeological viewpoints. pp. 184–202 In: Julien, M., Orliac, M. and Orliac, C. (eds) Mémoire de Pierre, Mémoire D'Homme: Tradition et Archéologie en Océanie. Hommage à José Garanger. Publication de la Sorbonne, Paris.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1846082" href="https://university-of-ngakuta.academia.edu/FossLeach">Foss Leach</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Various kinds ofevidence aboutpastfishing behaviour on Nu-kuoro Atoll are explored. Tbese include early etbnograpbic accounts , museums specimens, information obtained from informants in 1965, and an archaeological assemblage of fish-hooks and fish bones. Although these ail contribute to an understanding of Nukuoro fisbing, there are considerable contrasts between the various approaches and the different domains of knowledge. We considerfolk taxonomy, intuitive taxonomy and numerical taxonomy offish-hooks and the remains offish actually caught. Despite the high quality ofevi-dence from Nukuoro, it is not possible to identify the precise functions offish-hooks with any confidence. We conclude that although the different domains touch at various points it is more profitable to explore each uiitbin its own parameters, than attempt to integrate them into one coherent picture.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Davidson, J.M. and Leach, B.F. 1996. Fishing on Nukuoro Atoll: Ethnographic and archaeological viewpoints. pp. 184–202 In: Julien, M., Orliac, M. and Orliac, C. (eds) Mémoire de Pierre, Mémoire D'Homme: Tradition et Archéologie en Océanie. Hommage à José Garanger. Publication de la Sorbonne, Paris.","attachmentId":42557423,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21794787/Davidson_J_M_and_Leach_B_F_1996_Fishing_on_Nukuoro_Atoll_Ethnographic_and_archaeological_viewpoints_pp_184_202_In_Julien_M_Orliac_M_and_Orliac_C_eds_M%C3%A9moire_de_Pierre_M%C3%A9moire_DHomme_Tradition_et_Arch%C3%A9ologie_en_Oc%C3%A9anie_Hommage_%C3%A0_Jos%C3%A9_Garanger_Publication_de_la_Sorbonne_Paris","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21794787/Davidson_J_M_and_Leach_B_F_1996_Fishing_on_Nukuoro_Atoll_Ethnographic_and_archaeological_viewpoints_pp_184_202_In_Julien_M_Orliac_M_and_Orliac_C_eds_M%C3%A9moire_de_Pierre_M%C3%A9moire_DHomme_Tradition_et_Arch%C3%A9ologie_en_Oc%C3%A9anie_Hommage_%C3%A0_Jos%C3%A9_Garanger_Publication_de_la_Sorbonne_Paris"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="3944507" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3944507/Temporal_Trends_in_Prehistoric_Fishing_in_Palau_Micronesia_over_the_Last_1500_Years">Temporal Trends in Prehistoric Fishing in Palau, Micronesia over the Last 1500 Years</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="172698" href="https://uoregon.academia.edu/ScottFitzpatrick">Scott Fitzpatrick</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Temporal Trends in Prehistoric Fishing in Palau, Micronesia over the Last 1500 Years","attachmentId":31561196,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3944507/Temporal_Trends_in_Prehistoric_Fishing_in_Palau_Micronesia_over_the_Last_1500_Years","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3944507/Temporal_Trends_in_Prehistoric_Fishing_in_Palau_Micronesia_over_the_Last_1500_Years"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="14521340" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14521340/A_2500_Year_Record_of_Marine_Resource_Use_on_Ulong_Island_Republic_of_Palau">A 2500-Year Record of Marine Resource Use on Ulong Island, Republic of Palau</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32411239" href="https://anu.academia.edu/GeoffreyClark">Geoffrey Clark</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A 2500-Year Record of Marine Resource Use on Ulong Island, Republic of Palau","attachmentId":38340251,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14521340/A_2500_Year_Record_of_Marine_Resource_Use_on_Ulong_Island_Republic_of_Palau","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14521340/A_2500_Year_Record_of_Marine_Resource_Use_on_Ulong_Island_Republic_of_Palau"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="62290439" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62290439/Leach_B_F_1989_Analysis_of_archaeological_fishbone_from_Anaio_Mauke_Southern_Cook_Islands_Rechnical_Report_14_Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa">Leach, B.F. 1989. Analysis of archaeological fishbone from Anai'o, Ma'uke, Southern Cook Islands. Rechnical Report 14, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1846082" href="https://university-of-ngakuta.academia.edu/FossLeach">Foss Leach</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Leach, B.F. 1989. Analysis of archaeological fishbone from Anai'o, Ma'uke, Southern Cook Islands. 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McGovern-Wilson, 1990. Prehistoric fishing on Kosrae: Analysis of fishbones and other fauna from excavations at Leluh and Wiya, Kosrae. Archaeology Technical Report, National Museum of New Zealand Number 6, 55 pp.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1846082" href="https://university-of-ngakuta.academia.edu/FossLeach">Foss Leach</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1990</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Leach, B.F., Davidson, J.M., Smith, I.W.G., Horwood, M., and R. McGovern-Wilson, 1990. Prehistoric fishing on Kosrae: Analysis of fishbones and other fauna from excavations at Leluh and Wiya, Kosrae. 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F., J. M. Davidson, and M. Horwood. 1994. Analysis of Fish Bone from Five Archaeological Sites on Fais, Caroline Islands. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Technical Report 4.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1846082" href="https://university-of-ngakuta.academia.edu/FossLeach">Foss Leach</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Leach, B. F., J. M. Davidson, and M. Horwood. 1994. Analysis of Fish Bone from Five Archaeological Sites on Fais, Caroline Islands. 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Morrison and D. Addison</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="280336" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/MiraniLitster">Mirani Litster</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Australian Archaeology, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"'Prehistoric Marine Resource Use in the Indo-Pacific Regions' edited by R.Ono, A. Morrison and D. 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Prehistoric and historic Ma¯ori fishermen of Mana Island, Cook Strait, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 18 (1996): 5-24.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1846082" href="https://university-of-ngakuta.academia.edu/FossLeach">Foss Leach</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Horwood, L.M., Leach, B.F. and Davidson, J.M. 1998. Prehistoric and historic Ma¯ori fishermen of Mana Island, Cook Strait, New Zealand. 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