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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rainband</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banda_de_lluvia" title="Banda de lluvia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Banda de lluvia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نوار باران – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوار باران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bande_de_pr%C3%A9cipitations" title="Bande de précipitations – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bande de précipitations" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cloud and precipitation structure</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sturmfront_auf_Doppler-Radar-Schirm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sturmfront_auf_Doppler-Radar-Schirm.jpg/220px-Sturmfront_auf_Doppler-Radar-Schirm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sturmfront_auf_Doppler-Radar-Schirm.jpg/330px-Sturmfront_auf_Doppler-Radar-Schirm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sturmfront_auf_Doppler-Radar-Schirm.jpg/440px-Sturmfront_auf_Doppler-Radar-Schirm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Band of thunderstorms seen on a <a href="/wiki/Weather_radar" title="Weather radar">weather radar</a> display</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>rainband</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Cloud" title="Cloud">cloud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> structure associated with an area of rainfall which is significantly elongated. Rainbands in <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclones</a> can be either <a href="/wiki/Nimbostratus_cloud" title="Nimbostratus cloud">stratiform</a> or <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_convection" title="Atmospheric convection">convective</a> and are curved in shape. They consist of showers and thunderstorms, and along with the eyewall and the <a href="/wiki/Eye_(cyclone)" title="Eye (cyclone)">eye</a>, they make up a tropical cyclone. The extent of rainbands around a tropical cyclone can help determine the cyclone's intensity. </p><p>Rainbands spawned near and ahead of <a href="/wiki/Cold_front" title="Cold front">cold fronts</a> can be <a href="/wiki/Squall_line" title="Squall line">squall lines</a> which are able to produce <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadoes</a>. Rainbands associated with cold fronts can be warped by mountain barriers perpendicular to the front's orientation due to the formation of a low-level <a href="/wiki/Barrier_jet" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrier jet">barrier jet</a>. Bands of thunderstorms can form with <a href="/wiki/Sea_breeze" title="Sea breeze">sea breeze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Land_breeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Land breeze">land breeze</a> boundaries, if enough moisture is present. If sea breeze rainbands become active enough just ahead of a cold front, they can mask the location of the cold front itself. Banding within the comma head precipitation pattern of an <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">extratropical cyclone</a> can yield significant amounts of <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rain</a> or <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snow</a>. Behind extratropical cyclones, rainbands can form downwind of relative warm bodies of water such as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>. If the atmosphere is cold enough, these rainbands can yield heavy <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snow</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extratropical_cyclones">Extratropical cyclones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainband&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Extratropical cyclones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feb242007_blizzard.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Feb242007_blizzard.gif/220px-Feb242007_blizzard.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Feb242007_blizzard.gif/330px-Feb242007_blizzard.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Feb242007_blizzard.gif/440px-Feb242007_blizzard.gif 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A February 24, 2007 radar image of a large extratropical cyclonic storm system at its peak over the central United States. Note the band of thunderstorms along its trailing cold front.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical cyclone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_effect_snow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake effect snow">Lake effect snow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Squall_line" title="Squall line">Squall line</a></div> <p>Rainbands in advance of warm <a href="/wiki/Occluded_front" title="Occluded front">occluded fronts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warm_front" title="Warm front">warm fronts</a> are associated with weak upward motion,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tend to be wide and stratiform in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an atmosphere with rich low level moisture and vertical <a href="/wiki/Wind_shear" title="Wind shear">wind shear</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> narrow, convective rainbands known as <a href="/wiki/Squall_line" title="Squall line">squall lines</a> form generally in the <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclone</a>'s warm sector, ahead of strong cold fronts associated with extratropical cyclones.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wider rain bands can occur behind cold fronts, which tend to have more stratiform, and less convective, precipitation.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the cold sector north to northwest of a cyclone center, in colder cyclones, <a href="/wiki/Microscale_meteorology" title="Microscale meteorology">small scale</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Mesoscale_meteorology" title="Mesoscale meteorology">mesoscale</a>, bands of heavy snow can occur within a cyclone's comma head precipitation pattern with a width of 32 kilometres (20 mi) to 80 kilometres (50 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These bands in the comma head are associated with areas of frontogensis, or zones of strengthening temperature contrast.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Southwest of <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">extratropical cyclones</a>, curved flow bringing cold air across the relatively warm <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> can lead to narrow <a href="/wiki/Lake-effect_snow" title="Lake-effect snow">lake-effect snow</a> bands which bring significant localized snowfall.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Narrow_cold-frontal_rainband">Narrow cold-frontal rainband</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainband&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Narrow cold-frontal rainband"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A narrow cold-frontal rainband (NCFR) is a characteristic of particularly sharp cold frontal boundaries. These can usually be seen very easily on satellite photos. NCFRs are typically accompanied by strong gusty winds and brief but intense rainfall. Convection may or may not occur depending on the stability of the air mass being lifted by the front. Such fronts usually are also marked by a sharp wind shift and temperature drop.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tropical_cyclones">Tropical cyclones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainband&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tropical cyclones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dvorak_technique" title="Dvorak technique">Dvorak technique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">Tropical cyclone</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isidore091902-p3sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Isidore091902-p3sunset.jpg/220px-Isidore091902-p3sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Isidore091902-p3sunset.jpg/330px-Isidore091902-p3sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Isidore091902-p3sunset.jpg/440px-Isidore091902-p3sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of rainbands in <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isidore" title="Hurricane Isidore">Hurricane Isidore</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Rainbands exist in the periphery of tropical cyclones, which point towards the cyclone's center of <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">low pressure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rainbands within tropical cyclones require ample moisture and a low level pool of cooler air.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bands located 80 kilometres (50 mi) to 150 kilometres (93 mi) from a cyclone's center migrate outward.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are capable of producing heavy <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Squall" title="Squall">squalls</a> of wind, as well as <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadoes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly in the storm's right-front quadrant.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some rainbands move closer to the center, forming a secondary, or outer, <a href="/wiki/Eyewall" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyewall">eyewall</a> within intense hurricanes.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spiral rainbands are such a basic structure to a tropical cyclone that in most <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_basins" title="Tropical cyclone basins">tropical cyclone basins</a>, use of the satellite-based <a href="/wiki/Dvorak_technique" title="Dvorak technique">Dvorak technique</a> is the primary method used to determine a tropical cyclone's <a href="/wiki/Maximum_sustained_wind" title="Maximum sustained wind">maximum sustained winds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODT_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODT-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within this method, the extent of spiral banding and difference in temperature between the <a href="/wiki/Eye_(cyclone)" title="Eye (cyclone)">eye</a> and eyewall is used to assign a maximum sustained wind and a central pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">Central pressure</a> values for their centers of <a href="/wiki/Low_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Low pressure">low pressure</a> derived from this technique are approximate. </p><p>Different programs have been studying these rainbands, including <a href="/wiki/The_Hurricane_Rainband_and_Intensity_Change_Experiment" title="The Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment">the Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forced_by_geography">Forced by geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainband&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Forced by geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Convective rainbands can form parallel to terrain on its <a href="/wiki/Windward" class="mw-redirect" title="Windward">windward</a> side, due to <a href="/wiki/Lee_wave" title="Lee wave">lee waves</a> triggered by hills just upstream of the cloud's formation.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their spacing is normally 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) apart.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When bands of precipitation near frontal zones approach steep topography, a low-level barrier <a href="/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">jet stream</a> forms parallel to and just prior to the mountain ridge, which slows down the frontal rainband just prior to the mountain barrier.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If enough moisture is present, <a href="/wiki/Sea_breeze" title="Sea breeze">sea breeze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Land_breeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Land breeze">land breeze</a> fronts can form convective rainbands. Sea breeze front <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorm</a> lines can become strong enough to mask the location of an approaching cold front by evening.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The edge of <a href="/wiki/Ocean_currents" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean currents">ocean currents</a> can lead to the development of thunderstorm bands due to heat differential at this interface.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Downwind of islands, bands of showers and thunderstorms can develop due to low level wind convergence downwind of the island edges. Offshore <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, this has been noted in the wake of cold fronts.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainband&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Owen Hertzman (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988PhDT.......110H">Three-Dimensional Kinematics of Rainbands in Midlatitude Cyclones.</a> Retrieved on 2008-12-24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yuh-Lang Lin (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4KXtnQ3bDeEC&dq=sea+breeze+rainbands&pg=PA405">Mesoscale Dynamics.</a> Retrieved on 2008-12-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard H. Grumm (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nws.met.psu.edu/severe/2006/16Nov2006.pdf">16 November Narrow Frontal Rain band Floods and severe weather.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720032822/http://nws.met.psu.edu/severe/2006/16Nov2006.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-07-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 2008-12-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glossary of Meteorology (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=prefrontal-squall-line1">Prefrontal squall line.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070817224959/http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=prefrontal-squall-line1">Archived</a> 2007-08-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 2008-12-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K. 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Kirshbaum, George H. Bryan, Richard Rotunno, and Dale R. Durran (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ams.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1175%2FJAS3924.1">The Triggering of Orographic Rainbands by Small-Scale Topography.</a> Retrieved on 2008-12-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel J. Kirshbaum, Richard Rotunno, and George H. Bryan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ams.allenpress.com/perlserv/?SESSID=d3e348e558726c2caf1612c67d4a682b&request=get-abstract&doi=10.1175%2F2007JAS2335.1">The Spacing of Orographic Rainbands Triggered by Small-Scale Topography.</a> Retrieved on 2008-12-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. D. Doyle (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2721180">The influence of mesoscale orography on a coastal jet and rainband.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120106231443/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2721180">Archived</a> 2012-01-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 2008-12-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Rodin (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3570629">Interaction of a cold front with a sea-breeze front numerical simulations.</a> Retrieved on 2008-12-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric D. Conway (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iGrHsr2U8p0C&dq=thunderstorms+edge+of+warm+water+currents&pg=PA162">An Introduction to Satellite Image Interpretation.</a> Retrieved on 2008-12-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ivory J. Small (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrh/99TAs/9918/index.html">AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF ISLAND EFFECT BANDS: PRECIPITATION PRODUCERS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306040459/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrh/99TAs/9918/index.html">Archived</a> 2012-03-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 2008-12-26.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainband&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/32px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/48px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/64px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Weather" title="Portal:Weather">weather portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter15/anatomy.html">"Anatomy of a Hurricane"</a>. <i>Lecture Notes for Chapter 15 – Hurricanes – Survey of Meteorology and Lyndon State College</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lecture+Notes+for+Chapter+15+%26ndash%3B+Hurricanes+%26ndash%3B+Survey+of+Meteorology+and+Lyndon+State+College&rft.atitle=Anatomy+of+a+Hurricane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapollo.lsc.vsc.edu%2Fclasses%2Fmet130%2Fnotes%2Fchapter15%2Fanatomy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainband" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104329">"Rainbands Offer Better Forecasts of Hurricane Intensity"</a>. <i>news release</i> (Press release). National Science Foundation. 2005-08-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rainbands+Offer+Better+Forecasts+of+Hurricane+Intensity&rft.pub=National+Science+Foundation&rft.date=2005-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fnews%2Fnews_summ.jsp%3Fcntn_id%3D104329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainband" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG.M._Barnes_and_E.J._Zipser1983" class="citation journal cs1">G.M. Barnes and E.J. Zipser (September 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0469%281983%29040%3C2125%3AMACSOA%3E2.0.CO%3B2">"Mesoscale and Convective Structure of a Hurricane Rainband"</a>. <i>Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences</i>. <b>40</b> (9): 2125–2137. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983JAtS...40.2125B">1983JAtS...40.2125B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0469%281983%29040%3C2125%3AMACSOA%3E2.0.CO%3B2">10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<2125:MACSOA>2.0.CO;2</a></span>.</cite><span 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Low" title="Aleutian Low">Aleutian Low</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatteras_low&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hatteras low (page does not exist)">Hatteras low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nor%27easter" title="Nor'easter">Nor'easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_low" title="Gulf low">Gulf low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_windstorm" title="Pacific Northwest windstorm">Pacific Northwest windstorm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_windstorms" title="Template:European windstorms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_windstorms" title="Template talk:European windstorms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_windstorms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European windstorms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_windstorms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/European_windstorm" title="European windstorm">European windstorms</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th-18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Marcellus%27s_flood" title="Saint Marcellus's flood">Grote Mandrenke</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Burchardi_flood" title="Burchardi flood">Burchardi flood</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1703" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Storm of 1703">Great Storm of 1703</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Flood_of_1717" title="Christmas Flood of 1717">Christmas Flood of 1717</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Windstorm_Thomas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Windstorm_Thomas.jpg/90px-Windstorm_Thomas.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Windstorm_Thomas.jpg/135px-Windstorm_Thomas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Windstorm_Thomas.jpg/180px-Windstorm_Thomas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1824" title="Great Storm of 1824">Great Storm of 1824</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Big_Wind" title="Night of the Big Wind">Night of the Big Wind</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Moray_Firth_fishing_disaster" title="Moray Firth fishing disaster">Moray Firth fishing disaster</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Tay_Bridge_disaster" title="Tay Bridge disaster">Tay Bridge disaster</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Eyemouth_disaster" title="Eyemouth disaster">Eyemouth disaster</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_Ulysses" title="Storm Ulysses">Ulysses 1903</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_windstorms#1900–1974" title="List of European windstorms">Iberia 1941</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_flood_of_1953" title="North Sea flood of 1953">North Sea flood of 1953</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Debbie_(1961)" title="Hurricane Debbie (1961)">Debbie 1961</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Great_Sheffield_Gale" title="Great Sheffield Gale">Great Sheffield Gale of 1962</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/1968_Scotland_storm" title="1968 Scotland storm">1968 Scotland storm</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Quimburga" title="Cyclone Quimburga">Quimburga 1972</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Gale_of_January_1976" title="Gale of January 1976">Gale of January 1976</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/December_1981_windstorm" title="December 1981 windstorm">December 1981 windstorm</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley_(1986)" title="Hurricane Charley (1986)">Charley 1986</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Great_storm_of_1987" title="Great storm of 1987">Great storm of 1987</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Burns%27_Day_Storm" title="Burns' Day Storm">Burns' Day storm 1990</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/1992_New_Year%27s_Day_Storm" title="1992 New Year's Day Storm">1992 New Year's Day Storm</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Braer_Storm" title="Braer Storm">Braer Storm 1993</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lili_(1996)" title="Hurricane Lili (1996)">Lili 1996</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_windstorms#1975–1999" title="List of European windstorms">Christmas Eve storm 1997</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day_Storm_of_1998" title="Boxing Day Storm of 1998">Boxing Day Storm of 1998</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Anatol" title="Cyclone Anatol">Anatol 1999</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Lothar" title="Cyclone Lothar">Lothar 1999</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Martin_(1999)" title="Cyclone Martin (1999)">Martin 1999</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Oratia" title="Cyclone Oratia">Oratia 2000</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Jeanett" title="Cyclone Jeanett">Jeanett 2002</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Gudrun" title="Cyclone Gudrun">Gudrun 2005</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Per" title="Cyclone Per">Per 2007</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Kyrill" title="Cyclone Kyrill">Kyrill 2007</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Emma_(2008)" title="Cyclone Emma (2008)">Emma 2008</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Klaus" title="Cyclone Klaus">Klaus 2009</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Xynthia" title="Cyclone Xynthia">Xynthia 2010</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Berit" title="Cyclone Berit">Berit 2011</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bawbag" title="Hurricane Bawbag">Friedhelm/Bawbag 2011</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Joachim" title="Cyclone Joachim">Joachim 2011</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Dagmar" title="Cyclone Dagmar">Dagmar 2011</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Andrea" title="Cyclone Andrea">Andrea 2012</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/St._Jude_storm" title="St. Jude storm">St Jude 2013</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Xaver" title="Cyclone Xaver">Xaver 2013</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Dirk" title="Cyclone Dirk">Dirk 2013</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Anne_(2014)" title="Cyclone Anne (2014)">Anne 2014</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Christina" title="Cyclone Christina">Christina 2014</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Tini" title="Cyclone Tini">Tini 2014</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Niklas" title="Cyclone Niklas">Niklas 2015</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Egon" title="Cyclone Egon">Egon 2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_UK_and_Ireland_windstorm_season#Storm_Doris" title="2016–17 UK and Ireland windstorm season">Thomas (Doris) 2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Zeus" title="Cyclone Zeus">Zeus 2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Xavier_(2017)" title="Cyclone Xavier (2017)">Xavier 2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ophelia_(2017)" title="Hurricane Ophelia (2017)">Ophelia 2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Herwart" title="Cyclone Herwart">Herwart 2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_Eleanor_(2018)" title="Storm Eleanor (2018)">Eleanor (Burglind) 2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_David" title="Storm David">Friederike (David) 2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_Adrian" title="Storm Adrian">Adrian 2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_Ciara" title="Storm Ciara">Ciara 2020</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_Dennis" title="Storm Dennis">Dennis 2020</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_Aurore" title="Storm Aurore">Aurore 2021</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_Malik" title="Storm Malik">Malik 2022</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_Eunice" title="Storm Eunice">Eunice 2022</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_Larisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Storm Larisa">Larisa 2023</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_Babet" title="Storm Babet">Babet 2023</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_Ciar%C3%A1n" title="Storm Ciarán">Ciarán 2023</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Storm_Darragh" title="Storm Darragh">Darragh 2024</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_windstorms" title="List of European windstorms">List of European windstorms</a></span></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/List_of_atmospheric_pressure_records_in_Europe" title="List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe">List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_storms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Sea storms (page does not exist)">Black Sea storms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Low" title="Icelandic Low">Icelandic Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa_low" title="Genoa low">Genoa low</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Low" title="Asiatic Low">Asiatic Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Disturbance" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Disturbance">Western Disturbance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Continental_North_Asian_storms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Continental North Asian storms (page does not exist)">Continental North Asian storms</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Asian-northwest_Pacific_storms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Asian-northwest Pacific storms (page does not exist)">East Asian-northwest Pacific storms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Arctic_Cyclone_of_2012" title="Great Arctic Cyclone of 2012">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kona_storm" title="Kona storm">Kona storm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="wrap">Southern Hemisphere</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_east_coast_low" title="Australian east coast low">Australian east coast low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nor%27easter" title="Black nor'easter">Black nor'easter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_2022_Southern_Ocean_cyclone" title="October 2022 Southern Ocean cyclone">Southern Ocean cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudestada" title="Sudestada">Sudestada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rainband&oldid=1238545670">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rainband&oldid=1238545670</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Precipitation" 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