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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>Judges 21 Pulpit Commentary</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/5001com.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="../spec.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 4800px), only screen and (max-device-width: 4800px)" href="/4801.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1550px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1550px)" href="/1551.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1250px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1250px)" href="/1251.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 1050px), only screen and (max-device-width: 1050px)" href="/1051.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 900px), only screen and (max-device-width: 900px)" href="/901.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 800px), only screen and (max-device-width: 800px)" href="/801.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-width: 575px), only screen and (max-device-width: 575px)" href="/501.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link media="handheld, only screen and (max-height: 450px), only screen and (max-device-height: 450px)" href="/h451.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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the other that whosoever did not come up to the national assembly there should be put to death. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-2.htm">Judges 21:2</a></div><div class="verse">And the people came to the house of God, and abode there till even before God, and lifted up their voices, and wept sore;</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 2.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">And the people</span>, etc. The narrative now proceeds. After <span class="accented">the people</span>, <span class="accented">i.e.</span> the Israelite army, so described <a href="/judges/20-3.htm">Judges 20:3, 8, 22</a>, etc., had finished the work of destruction in the cities of Benjamin, they returned to Bethel (<span class="cmt_word">the house of God</span>, A.V., here and in <a href="/judges/20-18.htm">Judges 20:18, 26, 31</a>, where see notes), and, their rage having now subsided, gave way to violent grief on account of the destruction of Benjamin their brother. With passionate Oriental feelings they passed the whole day weeping, and probably fasting (see ch. 20:26), before the tabernacle. <span class="cmt_word">Wept sore</span>. Hebrew, <span class="accented">wept a great weeping.</span> The expression <span class="cmt_word">lifted up their voices</span> shows that it was a loud wailing and lamentation, </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-3.htm">Judges 21:3</a></div><div class="verse">And said, O LORD God of Israel, why is this come to pass in Israel, that there should be to day one tribe lacking in Israel?</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 3.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">And said</span>. Better, <span class="accented">And</span> <span class="accented">they said. <span class="cmt_word"></span>One tribe lacking</span>. The existence of the twelve tribes was an essential part of their covenant existence as the people of God (<a href="/genesis/35-22.htm">Genesis 35:22</a>; <a href="/genesis/49-28.htm">Genesis 49:28</a>; <a href="/exodus/24-4.htm">Exodus 24:4</a>; <a href="/numbers/1-5.htm">Numbers 1:5-15</a>; <a href="/joshua/4-3.htm">Joshua 4:3, 4</a>, etc.; <a href="/matthew/19-28.htm">Matthew 19:28</a>; <a href="/james/1-1.htm">James 1:1</a>; <a href="/revelation/7-4.htm">Revelation 7:4</a>, etc.). With one tribe missing Israel would be no longer Israel. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-4.htm">Judges 21:4</a></div><div class="verse">And it came to pass on the morrow, that the people rose early, and built there an altar, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 4.</span>- <span class="cmt_word">Offered burnt offerings and peace offerings</span>. See ch. 20:26, note. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-5.htm">Judges 21:5</a></div><div class="verse">And the children of Israel said, Who <i>is there</i> among all the tribes of Israel that came not up with the congregation unto the LORD? For they had made a great oath concerning him that came not up to the LORD to Mizpeh, saying, He shall surely be put to death.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 5.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">And the children of Israel said</span>. The idea evidently occurred to them that they might supply wives to the 600 Benjamites in the way that actually came to pass, and they asked the question, <span class="accented">Who is there among all the tribes</span>, etc., with this view. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-6.htm">Judges 21:6</a></div><div class="verse">And the children of Israel repented them for Benjamin their brother, and said, There is one tribe cut off from Israel this day.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verses 6-9.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">And the children of Israel</span>, etc. This verse goes back a little to explain why the children of Israel asked the question, viz., because they repented them for Benjamin, and wished to repair the mischief resulting from their rash oath not to give their daughters to a Benjamite; therefore they said (repeating ver. 5), What one is there that came not up to Mizpeh? (ver. 8) and on numbering the people it was found that no one had come up from Jabesh-gilead. This is the first time that <span class="cmt_word">Jabesh-gilead</span> is mentioned in Scripture. It comes up twice afterwards. First in <a href="/1_samuel/11.htm">1 Samuel 11</a>, on occasion of its being besieged by the Ammonites and rescued by Saul; and secondly in <a href="/1_samuel/31-11.htm">1 Samuel 31:11-13</a>, when the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead took down the bodies of Saul and his sons from the wall of Beth-shah, and buried them at Jabesh, for which brave and pious act David thanked them (<a href="/2_samuel/2-5.htm">2 Samuel 2:5</a>). The name of <span class="accented">Jabesh</span> is only preserved in the Wady <span class="accented">Yabis</span>, which debouches on the eastern bank of the Jordan about lat. 32'24. Robinson thinks the ruins called ed Deir in this valley are the remains of Jabesh, which agrees exactly with the situation assigned to it by Eusebius in the , Onomasticon.' </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-7.htm">Judges 21:7</a></div><div class="verse">How shall we do for wives for them that remain, seeing we have sworn by the LORD that we will not give them of our daughters to wives?</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-8.htm">Judges 21:8</a></div><div class="verse">And they said, What one <i>is there</i> of the tribes of Israel that came not up to Mizpeh to the LORD? And, behold, there came none to the camp from Jabeshgilead to the assembly.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-9.htm">Judges 21:9</a></div><div class="verse">For the people were numbered, and, behold, <i>there were</i> none of the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead there.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-10.htm">Judges 21:10</a></div><div class="verse">And the congregation sent thither twelve thousand men of the valiantest, and commanded them, saying, Go and smite the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead with the edge of the sword, with the women and the children.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verses 10, 11.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Ye shall utterly destroy</span>, etc. Devote to destruction, as a '<span class="accented">herem</span>, an accursed thing. They followed in the severity of the punishment the precedent of the destruction of the Midianites (see <a href="/numbers/31-17.htm">Numbers 31:17</a>), and even in the numbers sent to destroy them - a thousand from every tribe (<a href="/numbers/31-5.htm">Numbers 31:5</a>). Revolting to our feelings as such wholesale massacres are, including women and children, it must be remembered in mitigation that the '<span class="accented">hereto</span> was the solemn devotion of a thing or person to destruction under the sanction of an oath. <span class="cmt_word">Of the valiantest</span>. <span class="accented">The sons of valour</span> simply means <span class="accented">valiant men</span> (<a href="/2_samuel/13-28.htm">2 Samuel 13:28</a>; <a href="/2_samuel/17-10.htm">2 Samuel 17:10</a>). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-11.htm">Judges 21:11</a></div><div class="verse">And this <i>is</i> the thing that ye shall do, Ye shall utterly destroy every male, and every woman that hath lain by man.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-12.htm">Judges 21:12</a></div><div class="verse">And they found among the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead four hundred young virgins, that had known no man by lying with any male: and they brought them unto the camp to Shiloh, which <i>is</i> in the land of Canaan.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 12.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">To Shiloh</span>, whither it should seem they had now taken the tabernacle back, the war with Benjamin no longer requiring its presence at Bethel <span class="cmt_word">Them</span>. It is masculine in the Hebrew, though it refers to the women. So again in ver. 22, <span class="accented">their fathers and their brothers in</span> the masculine (see above, <a href="/judges/19-23.htm">Judges 19:23</a>, and vers. 21, 22). It is perhaps an archaism. <span class="cmt_word">In the land of Canaan</span>. This <span class="accented">is</span> inserted to contrast it with Jabesh in Gilead (<a href="/genesis/33-17.htm">Genesis 33:17, 18</a>, and ch. 8:5, note). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-13.htm">Judges 21:13</a></div><div class="verse">And the whole congregation sent <i>some</i> to speak to the children of Benjamin that <i>were</i> in the rock Rimmon, and to call peaceably unto them.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 13.</span> - Translate the whole verse thus: <span class="accented">And the whole congregation sent and shake to the children of Benjamin</span>, <span class="accented">etc.</span>, <span class="accented">and proclaimed peace to them</span> (<span class="accented">see</span> <a href="/deuteronomy/20-10.htm">Deuteronomy 20:10</a>). They sent ambassadors or heralds to them as it were with a flag of truce. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-14.htm">Judges 21:14</a></div><div class="verse">And Benjamin came again at that time; and they gave them wives which they had saved alive of the women of Jabeshgilead: and yet so they sufficed them not.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 14.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Benjamin came again</span>, <span class="accented">i.e.</span> returned to their own homes in the tribe of Benjamin, as in ver. 23. Yet so they sufficed them net - or, <span class="accented">Yet so they</span> (the Israelites) <span class="accented">did not provide enough for them</span> (the Benjamites); or, <span class="accented">Yet so they</span> (the Benjamites) <span class="accented">had not enough for themselves.</span> </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-15.htm">Judges 21:15</a></div><div class="verse">And the people repented them for Benjamin, because that the LORD had made a breach in the tribes of Israel.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-16.htm">Judges 21:16</a></div><div class="verse">Then the elders of the congregation said, How shall we do for wives for them that remain, seeing the women are destroyed out of Benjamin?</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 16.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Seeing the women</span>. It is rather more in accordance with the Hebrew style to take the words as the narrator's explanation of the question, <span class="accented">What shall we do?</span> They said this because all the women of Benjamin had been destroyed. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-17.htm">Judges 21:17</a></div><div class="verse">And they said, <i>There must be</i> an inheritance for them that be escaped of Benjamin, that a tribe be not destroyed out of Israel.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 17.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">There must be an inheritance for them that be escaped of Benjamin</span>. The passage is difficult to construe and to explain. If the words <span class="accented">There must be</span> are properly supplied in the A.V., the sense will come out more clearly if we take the word <span class="accented">inheritance</span> to mean rather <span class="accented">succession</span>, which is the idea contained in the root. <span class="accented">There must be a succession for the escaped of Benjamin</span>, <span class="accented">i.e.</span> there must be heirs to succeed, and therefore we must find wives for them. <span class="accented">The word peleytah</span> without the article can hardly mean <span class="accented">the remnant</span>, as has been proposed, but must be defined by being taken with <span class="accented">Benjamin.</span> </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-18.htm">Judges 21:18</a></div><div class="verse">Howbeit we may not give them wives of our daughters: for the children of Israel have sworn, saying, Cursed <i>be</i> he that giveth a wife to Benjamin.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 18.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">We are not able</span>. Note again the evil of rash vows, and how often chicanery is necessary in order to evade their evil consequences. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-19.htm">Judges 21:19</a></div><div class="verse">Then they said, Behold, <i>there is</i> a feast of the LORD in Shiloh yearly <i>in a place</i> which <i>is</i> on the north side of Bethel, on the east side of the highway that goeth up from Bethel to Shechem, and on the south of Lebonah.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 19.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">There is a feast of the Lord in Shiloh yearly</span>. Compare the exactly similar description, <a href="/1_samuel/1-3.htm">1 Samuel 1:3, 7</a>. There is a great difference of opinion among commentators as to what feast is here meant. Hengstenberg, Keil, Delitzsch, and others think it was the passover; Bishop Patrick and others think it was the feast of tabernacles, a more joyous feast; Rosenmuller and others think it was a festival peculiar to Shiloh, after the analogy of the yearly sacrifice of the family of Jesse at Bethlehem (<a href="/1_samuel/20-29.htm">1 Samuel 20:29</a>), and more or less in accordance with <a href="/deuteronomy/12-10.htm">Deuteronomy 12:10-12</a>. It is not easy to say which view is right, but the last seems not improbable, <span class="cmt_word">In a place which is on the north side</span>, etc. The words <span class="accented">in a place</span> are not in the Hebrew, and do not seem to be implied by the context. But the description is that of the situation of Shiloh itself, which is very exact (see 'Palestine Exploration Fund,' Map of West Palestine). <span class="cmt_word">Lebonah</span> survives in el-Lubbun, about two miles north-west of Seilun, and to the west of the road to Shechem or Nablus. It seems strange that so particular a description of the situation of Shiloh should be given; but it may probably indicate that the writer lived after the tabernacle had been moved to Jerusalem, and Shiloh had relapsed into an obscure village (see <a href="/judges/20-27.htm">Judges 20:27</a>, note). The situation of the descriptive words in the Hebrew, with the pronoun <span class="accented">which</span>, separated from <span class="accented">Shiloh</span> by the word <span class="accented">yearly</span>, indicates that they are an explanation added by the narrator. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-20.htm">Judges 21:20</a></div><div class="verse">Therefore they commanded the children of Benjamin, saying, Go and lie in wait in the vineyards;</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-21.htm">Judges 21:21</a></div><div class="verse">And see, and, behold, if the daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in dances, then come ye out of the vineyards, and catch you every man his wife of the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 21.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Come out</span>. The verb is in the masculine gender, though <span class="accented">the daughters of Shiloh</span> is the subject (see above, ver. 12, note), To dance in dances. Bishop Patrick says that the feast of tabernacles was the only feast at which Jewish maidens were permitted to dance. Go to the land of Benjamin. The close vicinity of the high road leading from Shechem to Bethel on the border of Benjamin would facilitate their flight. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-22.htm">Judges 21:22</a></div><div class="verse">And it shall be, when their fathers or their brethren come unto us to complain, that we will say unto them, Be favourable unto them for our sakes: because we reserved not to each man his wife in the war: for ye did not give unto them at this time, <i>that</i> ye should be guilty.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 22.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Be favourable unto them for our sakes</span>. Rather, <span class="accented">Grant us them as a favour</span>, the masculine <span class="accented">them</span> referring to <span class="accented">the daughters of Shiloh</span>, <span class="accented">as</span> in ver. 12, and the verb <span class="accented">grant a favour</span> being followed by a double accusative. <span class="cmt_word">We reserved not to each man his wife</span>, etc. These words are somewhat difficult. If we may insert the word to, as the A.V. does, before <span class="accented">each</span> <span class="accented">man</span> (for it is wanting in the Hebrew), the sense is good. The Israelites acknowledge their own fault in not reserving women enough to be wives to the Benjamites, and ask the fathers and brothers of the daughters of Shiloh to do them a favour by enabling them to repair their fault. But it is rather a strain upon the words. The omission of the <span class="accented">to</span> is not natural in such a phrase (<a href="/numbers/26-54.htm">Numbers 26:54</a> is hardly to the point, nor is <a href="/genesis/41-12.htm">Genesis 41:12</a>, where the <span class="accented">to</span> had been expressed before the us), and <span class="accented">reserved</span> is a forced interpretation of the verb. If the words were spoken by the Benjamites, all would be plain and easy: "We received not each man his wife in the war." Hence some put the speech into the mouth of Benjamin, as though the Israelites meant, We will say in your names, in your persons, as your attorneys, so to speak, "Grant them to us," etc. But this is rather forced. Others, therefore, follow the Peschito, and read, "<span class="accented">because</span> THEY received not each man his wife," etc., which makes very good sense, but has not MS. authority. <span class="cmt_word">Ye did not give</span>, etc., <span class="accented">i.e.</span> you need not fear the guilt of the broken oath, because you did not <span class="accented">give</span> your daughters, so as to violate the oath (ver. 7), but they were taken from you by force. The A.V. gives the probable meaning of the passage, though it is somewhat obscure. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-23.htm">Judges 21:23</a></div><div class="verse">And the children of Benjamin did so, and took <i>them</i> wives, according to their number, of them that danced, whom they caught: and they went and returned unto their inheritance, and repaired the cities, and dwelt in them.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 23.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">According to their number</span>, <span class="accented">i.e.</span> so as to provide the 200 with wives. The cities, as in <a href="/judges/20-15.htm">Judges 20:15, 42</a>. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-24.htm">Judges 21:24</a></div><div class="verse">And the children of Israel departed thence at that time, every man to his tribe and to his family, and they went out from thence every man to his inheritance.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 24.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Every man to his inheritance</span>. Compare the breaking up of the national assembly in the days of Joshua (<a href="/joshua/24-28.htm">Joshua 24:28</a>; <a href="/judges/2-6.htm">Judges 2:6</a>). </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/21-25.htm">Judges 21:25</a></div><div class="verse">In those days <i>there was</i> no king in Israel: every man did <i>that which was</i> right in his own eyes.</div><div class="comm"><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 25.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">In those days</span>, etc. See <a href="/judges/17-6.htm">Judges 17:6</a>; <a href="/judges/18-1.htm">Judges 18:1</a>, etc. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span> <span class="p"><br /><br /></span> </div></div></div><div id="botbox"><div class="padbot"><div align="center">The Pulpit Commentary, Electronic Database. 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